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 PrepBee.in
2 Week-1 01st October - 07th Crack GDPI like a GOD
October

1st OCTOBER, 2023 Key Highlights:

• It is an initiative focused on hardcore cleanliness
activities, specifically shramdaan (voluntary labor) for the
Protection of Children from Sex abuse
purpose of promoting cleanliness and sanitation
in India.
• Context: The Law Commission has recommended the • The goal is to mobilize citizens to come together for
government to retain the existing age of consent under one hour at 10 am on 1st October and work towards
the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences cleaning various public places.
(POCSO) Act. • This effort is meant to pay tribute to Mahatma Gandhi,
whose Jayanti (birthday) falls on October 2nd, and to
Key honor his vision of a clean and hygienic India.
Highlights: • This initiative will help in visible cleanliness and
promote a cleaner and more hygienic environment
• The Law Commission has recommended the across the country.
government to retain the existing age of consent under
the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences
(POCSO) Act.The current
age of consent in India is 18 years.
• It said that reducing the age of consent would have a Intelligent Grievance
direct and negative bearing on the fight against child Monitoring System (IGMS) 2.0
marriage and child trafficking. • Context: The Union Minister of State for Personnel has
• The Law panel suggested amendments in the POCSO launched the Intelligent Grievance Monitoring
Act, 2012 for cases where children aged 16 System (IGMS) 2.0 public grievance portal.
to 18 give tacit approval, not legal consent.
• The panel also advised the courts to tread with Key Highlights:
caution even in cases related to adolescent love, • IGMS is an artificial intelligence(AI) driven Grievance
where criminal intention may be missing. This will Monitoring System. It aims to enhance the efficiency
ensure that the law is balanced, thus safeguarding of the public grievance redressal process.
the best interests of the child. • Developed by the Department of Administrative
Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) in
collaboration with IIT Kanpur.

• The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act • The system provides real-time analysis of grievances
(POCSO Act) enacted in 2012. The Act was formulated received and resolved, as well as state-wise and district-
to effectively address sexual abuse and wise data. It also helps identify the root cause
sexual exploitation of children and pornography. of grievances, allowing for targeted interventions.
• In 2019, The Act has been amended. The amendment • In India, the common man raises around 20 lakh
contains provisions for enhancement of punishments grievances annually on the CPGRAMS portal.
for various offences, provides security and dignified However, manually classifying and monitoring these
childhood for a child. grievances is a challenging and time-consuming
task.
‘Ek Tareekh Ek Ghanta Ek • Therefore, the launch of the IGMS 2.0 Dashboard will
significantly expedite the grievance redressal process,
Saath’ Initiative
enabling the concerned ministries and
• Context: The Government of India has launched ‘Ek departments to respond more effectively.
Tareekh Ek Ghanta Ek Saath’ Initiative.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 01st October - 07th October Week-1 3

• Geospatial intelligence enhances transportation,

2nd OCTOBER, 2023 logistics, and global supply chains by utilizing GPS
data.
Geospatial Intelligence • It provides real-time information on ship and cargo
• Context: Geospatial intelligence has offered valuable locations, improving efficiency and reliability.
insights to help governments and organizations to • High-resolution imagery aids in the development of
protect communities from natural disasters. autonomous vehicles and smarter urban planning.
• It helps detect features on the ground, such as
Key Highlights: bicycle lanes and traffic direction, for safer and more
• Geospatial intelligence is the collection and integration efficient communities.
of data from a network of technologies, including • Digital twins are virtual representations of real systems
satellites, mobile sensors, ground-control – buildings or cities, for example – that mimic the
stations and aerial images. systems’ characteristics and can be updated in real
• The data is then used to produce real-time maps and time to reflect changing conditions in the systems.
simulations to help identify when, where and to what • Digital twins are being used in many civilian and
extent a threat is likely to emerge. military settings to improve decision making. They
• Government officials, individuals or both can use this are useful for modeling changes and predicting
information to make informed decisions. outcomes.
• Digital twins have been highly effective in conflict
• The geospatial intelligence industry is projected to
settings by simulating weather and terrain to help
grow from a US$61 billion enterprise in 2020 to more
militaries and peacekeepers develop and enact
than $209 billion in 2030.
strategies.
• Geospatial intelligence aids in monitoring and
responding to disasters, like tropical cyclones, by
providing information on their location and strength. Toto Language: A dictionary to save a
• It supports search-and-rescue efforts, assesses language from extinction
damage, and helps in resource allocation during • Context: A dictionary titled “Toto Shabda Sangraha” is
emergencies. set to be released with the aim of preserving the
• Geospatial intelligence monitors environmental factors Toto language.
like temperature, precipitation, and polar ice
to anticipate disturbances. Key Highlights:
• This data is crucial for preparing for events like • Toto is a Sino-Tibetan language. It is primarily spoken
heatwaves, which can impact human safety and orally and is currently written in the Bengali script.
security. • It is spoken by barely 1,600 people living in parts of
West Bengal bordering Bhutan.
• Geospatial intelligence contributes to security by
tracking and reporting on events like the Russian- • It is listed as a critically endangered language by
UNESCO.
Ukraine war through satellite imagery.
• Toto Shabda Sangraha is a dictionary developed
• Commercial satellite companies now provide vital
with the aim of preserving the Toto language.
public information, extending the role of geospatial
• The dictionary has been compiled by Bhakta Toto, a
intelligence in transparency.
bank employee-cum-poet, and published jointly by
the trust and Bhasha Sansad.
 PrepBee.in
4 Week-1 01st October - 07th October Crack GDPI like a GOD

Key Highlights:
3rd OCTOBER, 2023
• The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) is
a statutory body established on 1st October, 2016
Project Udbhav
in accordance with the provisions of the Insolvency
• Context: The Indian Army in collaboration with the
and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (Code).
United Service Institution of India (USI), has recently
concluded a hybrid-panel discussion as part of • The IBBI is one of the key pillars of the ecosystem
Project Udbhav responsible for implementation of the Code.
• It is a unique regulator: regulates a profession as well
Key Highlights: as processes.
• In 2021Indian Army in collaboration with the United • It has regulatory oversight over the Insolvency
Service Institution of India, a defence think-tank Professionals, Insolvency Professional Agencies,
started Project Udbhav Insolvency Professional Entities and Information
• To rediscover the profound Indic heritage of statecraft Utilities.
and strategic thoughts derived from ancient Indian • It writes and enforces rules for processes, namely,
texts of statecraft, warcraft, diplomacy and grand corporate insolvency resolution, corporate liquidation,
strategy. individual insolvency resolution and individual
• The project focuses on various aspects such as bankruptcy under the Code.
Indigenous Military Systems, Historical Texts, • It has also been designated as the ‘Authority’ under
Regional Texts and Kingdoms, Thematic Studies and the Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation
intricate Kautilya Studies.
Rules), 2017 for regulation and development of the
• Project Udbhav seeks to bridge the historical and the
profession of valuers in the country.
contemporary. Its ultimate goal is to understand the
• The affairs of the IBBI are governed by a Governing
profound depths of indigenous military systems, their
Board constituted by the Central Government.
evolution, strategies that have been passed down
through the ages and integrate that age-old wisdom • The Governing Board consists of (a) Chairperson;
(b) three members from amongst the officers of
with modern military pedagogy.
• By reintroducing these classical teachings into the Central Government not below the rank of Joint
contemporary military and strategic domains, the Secretary or equivalent, one each representing the
army aims to: nurture its officers to apply ancient Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Corporate Affairs
wisdom in modern scenarios and allow a more and Ministry of Law & Justice; (c) one member
profound understanding of international relations and nominated by the Reserve Bank of India; (d)
foreign cultures. three whole-time members; and (e) two part-time
• This project stands testimony to the Indian Army’s members.
recognition of India’s age-old wisdom in statecraft,
strategy, diplomacy and warfare.

Yashaswini: To celebrate women power

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of • Context: The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

India (IBBI) collaborates with the Ministry of Women and Child

• Context: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of Development for a cross-country bike expedition
India (IBBI) has celebrated its Seventh Annual Day. named “Yashaswini”.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 01st October - 07th October Week-1 5

Key Highlights: vaccine was shown to reduce symptomatic cases of

• Yashaswini is a cross-country bike expedition malaria by 75% following a 3-dose series.
organized by the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) • Cost-effectiveness is favorable, with a price range
in collaboration with the Ministry of Women of $2 to $4 per dose, making it comparable to other
and Child Development. recommended malaria interventions.
• Under this, a total of 150 women CRPF officers will • The R21 vaccine was shown to be safe in clinical trials.
embark on a cross-country rally on bikes to celebrate • The R21 vaccine is the second malaria vaccine
women power or Nari Shakti of the country. recommended by WHO, following the RTS,S/AS01
• The rally will cover approximately 10,000 km, passing vaccine, which received a WHO recommendation in
through 15 states and 2 Union Territories. 2021.
• Along their routes, various events are planned,
including Nobel Prize in Medicine 2023
interactions with groups associated with “Beti Bachao • Context: The
Beti Padhao” (BBBP), such as school children, college 2023 Nobel Prize
girls, women self-help groups among others. in Physiology or
• The women bikers will also proudly display the BBBP Medicine has
logo on their uniforms and banners, endorsing this been awarded to
cause throughout the country. Katalin Karikó and

4th OCTOBER, 2023 Drew Weissman

for their research
that enabled the
R21/Matrix-M Vaccine development of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19
• Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) has
recommended a new vaccine named R21/Matrix-M
Key Highlights:
for the prevention of malaria in children.
• mRNA stands for messenger RNA. It is a form of
nucleic acid which carries genetic information.
Key Highlights: • Like other vaccines, the mRNA vaccine also attempts
• R21/Matrix-M is a Malaria Vaccine developed by to activate the immune system to produce antibodies
Jenner Institute at Oxford University and the Serum that help counter an infection from a live virus.
Institute of India with support from the European and • However, while most vaccines use weakened or dead
Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership bacteria or viruses to evoke a response from the immune
(EDCTP), the Wellcome Trust, and the European system, mRNA vaccines only introduce
Investment Bank (EIB). a piece of the genetic material that corresponds to
a viral protein. This is usually a protein found on the
• The vaccine contains R21 antigen developed by
membrane of the virus and is called spike protein.
University of Oxford, specific to the malaria parasite,
Therefore, the mRNA vaccine does not expose
and Novavax’s Matrix-M, a saponin-based adjuvant
individuals to the virus itself.
that enhances the immune response, making it
• However, a key challenge with mRNA vaccines is
broader and more durable.
that they need to be frozen from -90 degree Celsius
• High efficacy when given just before the high
to -50 degree Celsius. They can be stored for up to
transmission season: In areas with highly seasonal
two weeks in commercial freezers and need to be
malaria transmission (where malaria transmission is
thawed at 2 degrees Celsius to 8 degrees Celsius at
largely limited to 4 or 5 months per year), the R21
which they can remain for a month.
 PrepBee.in
6 Week-1 01st October - 07th October Crack GDPI like a GOD

Key Highlights:
5th OCTOBER, 2023

Project Mariana: Cross-border CBDC • The United Nations Convention against Transnational
trading Organized Crime was adopted by the UN General
• Context: The Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Assembly in 2000 and entered into force in 2003.
in collaboration with the central banks of France, • It is also known as the Palermo Convention since it
Singapore, and Switzerland, has announced the was adopted in Palermo in Italy.
successful conclusion of Project Mariana. • The Convention is the first comprehensive and global
legally binding instrument to fight transnational
Key Highlights: organized crime.
• States that have ratified UNTOC commit themselves
to taking a series of measures to prevent and
• Project Mariana was developed jointly by three BIS
control transnational organized crime including (i)
Innovation Hub centres (the Swiss, Singapore and Euro-
the criminalizing of the participation in an organized
system Hub Centres) together with Bank of France,
criminal group, of money laundering, related
Monetary Authority of Singapore and Swiss
corruption and obstruction of justice and (ii) the
National Bank.
adoption of frameworks for extradition, mutual legal
• The project tested the cross-border trading and
assistance and international cooperation.
settlement of wholesale central bank digital
• The Convention is further supplemented by three
currencies (wCBDCs) between financial institutions,
Protocols which target specific areas and manifestations
using new decentralized finance (DeFi) technology
of organized crime: 1) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and
concepts on a public blockchain.
Punish Trafficking in Persons especially Women and
• The project relied on three key elements:
Children; the 2) Protocol against the Smuggling of
1. A common technical token standard provided by Migrants by Land, Sea and
a public blockchain to facilitate exchange and Air and 3) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing
interoperability between the different currencies. of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and
2. Bridges for the seamless transfer of wCBDCs Components and Ammunition.
between different networks. • In 2011, Government of India ratified the UNTOC and
3. An Automated Market Maker (AMM), which is a its three protocols
specific type of decentralized exchange to trade • Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the nodal
and settle spot Foreign exchange(FX) transactions agency for all dealings with UNTOC.
automatically.

Olive Ridley Turtles

United Nations Convention against • Context: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and
Transnational Organised Crimes Maharashtra’s forest department have conducted
(UNTOC) a study to understand the offshore movements and
• Context: The Minister of State for Home Affairs migration of Olive Ridley Turtles.
attended a two-day conference to mark the 20th
anniversary of the United Nations Convention against Key Highlights:
Transnational Organised Crimes (UNTOC) at Palermo • The Olive Ridley turtles are the smallest and most
in Italy. abundant of all sea turtles found in the world.
 PrepBee.in 01st October - 07th October Week-1 7
Crack GDPI like a GOD

• Olive ridley gets its name from its olive colored Key Highlights:
carapace, which is heart-shaped and rounded. • An atom is a tiny unit into which matter can be divided. •
• They are carnivores, and feed mainly on jellyfish, Atom is composed of a nucleus of protons and
shrimp, snails, crabs, molluscs and a variety of fish neutrons and electrons that travel around this
and their eggs. nucleus. Electrons move so fast that it is impossible
• They are found in warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic to observe them in real time.
and Indian oceans. • Before being able to study them directly, scientists
• These turtles spend their entire lives in the ocean, and understood the properties of electrons through
migrate thousands of kilometers between feeding averages.
and mating grounds in the course of a year. • Electrons move at a whopping 43 miles a second.
• They are best known for their unique mass nesting This speed has long made them impossible to study.
called Arribada, where thousands of females come For capturing them, it requires extremely short pulses

together on the same beach to lay eggs. of light such as attosecond.

• An attosecond is an astonishingly short unit of time,
• Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary is the world’s
equivalent to one quintillionth of a second, or 10 to
largest known rookery (breeding colony) of the olive
the power of 18 seconds.
Ridley sea turtles.
• To put this into perspective, if a second were stretched
• Indian Coast Guard undertakes “Operation Olivia” every
to cover the entire age of the universe, which is
year. It is an Olive Ridley Turtle protection
approximately 13.8 billion years, an attosecond
program.
would be just a fraction of a second.
• To reduce the accidental killing in India, the Odisha
• The three Nobel Prize winners Pierre Agostini, Ferenc
government has made it mandatory for trawlers to use
Krausz and Anne L’Huillier demonstrated a way to
Turtle Excluder Devices(TEDs). It is a net specially
generate attosecond pulses of light that can be used
designed with an exit cover that allows the turtles to to measure the rapid processes in which electrons
escape while retaining the catch. move or change energy.
• Attosecond physics gives us the opportunity to
understand mechanisms that are governed by
electrons.
6th OCTOBER, 2023 • One possible application is to study molecular-level
changes in blood, to identify diseases.
Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 • A better understanding of how electrons move and
• Context: The transmit energy can also help in creating more
Nobel Prize in efficient electronic gadgets.
Physics 2023 has
been awarded to
Pierre Agostini,
Ferenc Krausz
and Anne Exercise SAMPRITI: Indian and
L’Huillier for Bangladesh armies begin Joint Exercise
experimental • Context: India and Bangladesh have commenced the
methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for 11th edition of annual joint military exercise called
the study of electron dynamics in matter. Exercise SAMPRITI in Umroi, Meghalaya.
 PrepBee.in
8 Week-1 01st October - 07th October Crack GDPI like a GOD

Key Highlights: Key Highlights:

• Exercise SAMPRITI is an annual joint military exercise • Coral Reef Breakthrough Initiative launched by
between India and Bangladesh. International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)
• The exercise was started in 2009.It is organized in partnership with the Global Fund for Coral
alternatively by both countries. Reefs(GFCR) and the High-Level Climate
• To share tactical drills and promote best practices in Champions(HLCC).
carrying out sub-conventional operations.
• To secure the future of at least 125,000 km2 of
shallow-water tropical coral reefs with investments
PM SVANidhi Scheme of at least US$12 billion to support the resilience of
• Context: The Prime Minister Street Vendor’s Atma more than half a billion people globally by 2030.
Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) scheme has achieved a
• International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is a global
significant milestone by extending its support to more
partnership between nations and organizations
than 50 lakh street vendors across the nation.
which strives to preserve coral reefs and related
ecosystems around the world.
Key Highlights:
• The initiative was founded in 1994 by eight
• It is a micro credit scheme for urban street vendors that
governments: Australia, France, Japan, Jamaica,
aims to provide collateral-free working capital
the Philippines, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and
loans up to `50,000.
the United States of America.
• The schemes facilitate collateral free working capital
• It was announced at the First Conference of the
loan upto `10,000 of 1 year tenure, with enhanced
loan of `20,000 and `50,000 in the second and third Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity in
tranches respectively on repayments of earlier loans. December 1994, and at the high level segment of
• Incentivizes regular repayment, through interest the Intersessional Meeting of the U.N. Commission
subsidy @ 7% per annum; and on Sustainable Development in April 1995.
• Reward digital transactions, by way of cashback upto • Member countries are 45 Countries.India is also
`1,200 per year. The scheme employs Aadhaar-based one of the member countries.
e-KYC, utilizes an end-to-end IT platform, and employs • The ICRI Secretariat is hosted for a determined term
SMS-based notifications for application status updates. (usually two years) by State members, on a
• Banks eligible to give loans are Scheduled Commercial voluntary basis.
Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Small Finance Banks,
• The initiative is an informal group whose decisions
Cooperative Banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies,
are not binding on its members. But its actions have
Micro-Finance Institutions and SHG Banks.
been pivotal in continuing to highlight globally the
importance of coral reefs and related ecosystems
7th OCTOBER, 2023 to environmental sustainability, food security and
social and cultural wellbeing.
Coral Reef Breakthrough Initiative
• Context: The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)
has launched the Coral Reef Breakthrough Badis limaakumi
in partnership with the Global Fund for Coral • Context: Scientists have discovered a new fish species
Reefs(GFCR) and the High-Level Climate from the Milakriver, Nagaland. It has been
Champions(HLCC). named as Badis limaakumi.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 01st October - 07th October Week-1 9

Key Highlights:
• Badis limaakumi is a freshwater fish that belongs to the Badidae family.
• The fish is commonly found in streams with slow or moderate water flow, in ditches and stagnant water bodies.
• The fish is found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand and Myanmar.
• This new species of fish differs from other members of its family due to distinctive features, such as a dark
opercular blotch at the base of its opercular spine and the absence of spots on its sides and cleithrum.
• Fish from the Badis family are also known as chameleon fish for their ability to change colour. This helps them
blend with the surroundings when under stress.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023

• Context: The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Moungi
G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov for the discovery
and synthesis of quantum dots.

Key Highlights:

• Quantum dots are particles that are a few nanometres wide. They
exhibit unique optical properties due to their small physical size.
• Their structure and atomic composition are the same as bulk
materials, but the properties of the latter don’t depend on their
size. Infact ,the properties of quantum dots can be changed by
changing their size.
• Quantum dots make computer monitors and TV screens more
colorful and brighter. Blue LEDs behind the screen excite these dots, causing them to emit light of different
colours. Combining these colours gives rise to even more colours as well as brightness.
• Tiny quantum dots are used by biochemists to map biological tissues at a very small scale.
• Quantum dots improve the efficiency of solar panels by helping them absorb and convert sunlight into electricity.
• Quantum dots play a role in targeted drug delivery for certain cancer treatments and have broader applications
in nanomedicine.
• Quantum dots can be used as security markers on currency and documents to prevent counterfeiting.
• In general, quantum dots serve as bright fluorescent markers for tagging and tracking various objects.
• Quantum dots are explored as potential qubits or quantum bits for use in quantum computing due to their
quantum mechanical properties.
 PrepBee.in
2 Week-2 08th October - 14th October Crack GDPI like a GOD

• It suggests the formation of a School Wellness Team

8th OCTOBER, 2023 (SwT) led by the school principal.These teams should
be trained to handle crisis situations and respond
GI tags for Basohli Pashmina, immediately when a student shows signs of self-
Udhampur’s Kalari harm.
• Context: Basohli Pashmina and Kalari cuisine from • It recommends an orientation a year for teachers and
Jammu and Kashmir has got the Geographical family members, to help build awareness around student
Indication(GI) tag. suicides.These orientations will be conducted by the
schools for the capacity-building
Key Highlights: of various stakeholders.
• The guidelines outline actions that individuals at the
• Basohli Pashmina is a more than 100-year-old
school, or members of the wellness team, should take
traditional
when they encounter a student displaying warning
craft from Jammu and Kashmir’s Kathua district.
signs or attempting self-harm.
• It is a hand-spun product known for extreme softness,
• It has also asked schools to de-stigmatize mental
fineness and light-weight.
health concerns such as anxiety, depression, suicide,
• Granting it a GI tag would not only protect the
substance abuse through storytelling, rallies,
exceptional craftsmanship of these artisans but also
posters, exhibitions and other activities.
preserve its uniqueness.
• The guidelines have also proposed some smaller and
• Kalari is a Dogra cuisine.The dish finds its origin in immediate changes such as locking all empty
Udhampur district,J&K. classrooms and not having any dark corridors or
• The dish is made from milk and is a dense cheese.It’s areas in schools.
cooked in its own fat, salted, and served hot with bun
slices.
India-UAE High Level Joint Task Force
UMMEED (Understand, Motivate,
on Investments
Manage, Empathise, Empower,
• Context: The Eleventh meeting of the UAE-India High
•Develop)
Context: The Union Ministry of Education has released Level Joint Task Force on Investments (‘the Joint
draft guidelines to prevent student suicides in schools. Task Force’) was held in Abu Dhabi.
These guidelines are titled UMMEED (Understand,
Motivate, Manage, Empathise, Empower, Develop).
Key Highlights:
• The UAE-India High Level Joint Task Force on
Key Highlights: Investments was established in 2013.
• The guidelines aim to serve as directions to schools for
• To promote trade, investment and economic ties
enhancing sensitivity, understanding, and
between India and the UAE.The Task Force has
providing support in case of reported self-harm.
provided an effective mechanism for discussion on
• The guidelines emphasize the belief that “Every opportunities & prospects for investments in both
Child Matters” and are developed with the goal of countries as well as resolution of issues faced by
preventing student suicides. investors of the two countries.
• They recognize that students facing personal and • The two countries reviewed the progress made on
social challenges may experience sadness, frustration, the implementation of the Comprehensive Economic
mood swings, hopelessness, and, in Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the UAE
severe cases, engage in self-harm or suicide. and India, which came into force in May 2022.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 08th October - 14th October Week-2 3

• The CEPA has helped reduce tariffs on more than 80 Other notable works by Fosse include I Am the Wind,
percent of product lines, eliminate barriers to trade and Melancholy, Boathouse and The Dead Dogs.
create new pathways for investment and joint • His themes explore the absurdity, the futility and
ventures. yet the power of the human condition; everyday
• In the first 12 months of the CEPA, bilateral non-oil confusions and irresolutions and the difficulty to form
trade reached US$50.5 billion representing a growth actual connections.
of 5.8% compared to the corresponding period a
year earlier.
Cable Television Networks (Regulation)
• The two countries are now fast moving towards the
target of US$100 billion non-oil trade by 2030.
Act,1995
• Context: The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
• It is a joint initiative between the UAE Ministry of
has notified amendments in the Cable Television
Economy and India’s Ministry of Commerce and
Networks Rules,1994.
Industry.
• The bridge is expected to act as a one-stop platform
that offers training sessions and knowledge-
Key Highlights:
sharing on important topics such as market access, • These amendments operationalize the implementation
investment funds, venture capital, incubators and the of the decriminalized provisions of the Cable
respective business landscape in each country. Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995.
• Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act,
• The corridor aims to increase overall trade volumes
1995 is an act to regulate the operation of cable
by developing data exchange systems to facilitate
television networks in the country and for matters
paperless trade between the two countries, improving
connected
efficiencies and security.
• Section 16 of the Act dealt with the punishment for
contraventions under any of its provisions.
9th OCTOBER, 2023 Nobel • This section had provision for imprisonment which
might extend up to 2 years, in case of first instance,
Prize for Literature 2023 and 5 years for every subsequent offence.

• Context: The Nobel Prize for Literature 2023 has been • Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act,1995 has
awarded to Norwegian author Jon Olav Fosse for his now been decriminalized through the Jan Vishwas
innovative plays and prose which give voice to the (Amendment of Provision) Act, 2023.
unsayable. • The imprisonment provisions have been now
replaced with monetary penalty and other non-
Key Highlights: monetary measures like Advisory, Warning and
Censure.
• Jon Fosse was born in 1959 in the Norwegian coastal
• These measures will be enforced through the
town of Haugesund. He is considered as one of the
“designated officer”. Moreover, Section 16 now
most important contemporary European writers.
introduces an appeal mechanism against the order
• He published his first novel, Red, Black in 1983.He
made by designated officers.
has since published numerous novels, stories, books
of poetry, essay collections and even children’s
books.
Project Veer Gatha
• His work “A New Name: Septology VI-VII” was a
• Context: Over 1.36 crore school students from across
finalist for the International Booker Prize in 2022.
the country participate in Veer Gatha Project 3.0
 PrepBee.in
4 Week-2 08th October - 14th October Crack GDPI like a GOD

Key Highlights: • She is the vice president of the Defenders of Human

• Project Veer Gatha was initiated under the Gallantry Rights Center (DHRC), headed by fellow Nobel
Awards Portal (GAP) in 2021. Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi.
• To disseminate the details of acts of bravery of the • In 2011, she was arrested for the first time and
Gallantry Awardees and the life stories of these brave sentenced
hearts among the students so as to raise the spirit to many years of imprisonment for her efforts to assist
of patriotism and instill amongst them values of civic incarcerated activists and their families.
consciousness.
• After securing a bail in 2013, she campaigned against
• The project deepened this noble aim by providing a
the use of the death penalty.She was again arrested
platform to the school students to do creative
in 2015 and was sentenced to additional years
projects/activities based on gallantry award winners.
• Over the years she has written many articles arguing
• As part of this, the students framed different projects
for social reforms in Iran and published an essay
through various media like art, poems, essays and
collection, ‘The Reforms, the Strategy, and the
multimedia on these gallantry award winners and best
Tactics’.
projects were awarded at national level by the
• Her book ‘White Torture: Interviews with Iranian
Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Education.
Women Prisoners’ also won an award for reportage
• Two editions of the Veer Gatha Project (i.e. Edition-I
at the International Film Festival and Human Rights’
and Edition-II) have been conducted in 2021 and
Forum.
2022 respectively.
• The third edition of Project Veer Gatha is now being • She has received various awards over the years —
organized by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in from the Alexander Langer Award in 2009 to the
collaboration with the Ministry of Education(MoE). UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom
Prize and the Olof Palme Prize earlier in 2023.
• In 2022, she was featured in the BBC’s list of 100
10th OCTOBER, 2023 inspiring and influential women from around the
world.
Nobel Prize for Peace, 2023 • She is the 19th woman to ever win the Nobel Peace
Prize and the second Iranian woman to win the
• Context: The
Norwegian Nobel award – after human rights activist Shirin Ebadi in
Committee has 2003.
awarded Iranian • It is also the fifth time in the 122-year history of the
activist Narges awards that the peace prize has been given to
Mohammadi the someone who is in prison or under house arrest.
2023 Nobel Prize
for Peace. She has Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
been awarded for (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India
her fight against (FAME-III)
the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to
• Context: Government of India has initiated work on the
promote human rights and freedom for all.
third phase of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing
of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India(FAME-III).
Key Highlights: It is planning to incorporate vehicles powered by
• Narges Mohammadi is an Iranian human rights alternative sources such as hydrogen and biofuels in
activist and scientist. the FAME-III.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 08th October - 14th October Week-2 5

Key Highlights: • It is a unique regional intergovernmental organization

• The FAME India Scheme is being implemented by servicing countries of the United Nations Economic and
the Ministry of Heavy Industries. Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(UN- ESCAP)
• The main objective of the scheme is to encourage in the field of electronic media development.
Faster adoption of Electric and hybrid vehicles by way • To achieve a vibrant and cohesive electronic media
of offering upfront Incentive on purchase of Electric environment in the Asia-Pacific region through policy
vehicles and also by way of establishing a necessary and resource development.
charging Infrastructure for electric vehicles. • It currently has 92 member organizations from across
• Currently, the government provides subsidies under the 44 countries.This includes 26 Government Members
FAME scheme for battery electric vehicles(BEVs) (countries) represented by 48 broadcasting authorities
and strong hybrids. and broadcasters and 44 Affiliates
• The initial two phases of the FAME scheme played (organizations) represented by 28 countries.
a significant role in promoting the growth of electric • Its Secretariat at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
vehicles (EVs) within the country, helping to achieve • India is one of the founding members of AIBD.Prasar
a 6 per cent market share for EVs. Bharati, India’s public service broadcaster is the
• Till date, the scheme has provided support to more representative body of the Ministry of Information &
than 1 million vehicles. Broadcasting at AIBD.
• The Government of India is planning to incorporate
vehicles powered by alternative sources such as
11th OCTOBER, 2023
hydrogen and biofuels in the third phase of FAME.
• The objective behind this is to shift away from
conventional polluting vehicles and the incentive
Udangudi ‘Panangkarupatti’
for alternative fuels aims to encourage the transition • Context: Udangudi ‘Panangkarupatti’ from Tamil Nadu
from internal combustion engine (ICE) to cleaner has received a Geographical Indication (GI) Tag.
technology.
• Moreover, similar to the current phase, incentives Key Highlights:
will be extended to vehicles sold in all categories • Udangudi Panangkarupatti is also referred to as palm
including two-wheelers, three- wheelers, four- jaggery.
wheelers, and buses.The proposal also includes • It is prepared using the palm sap collected from the
adding trucks to the list of vehicles. inflorescence of palmyra trees that grow on the red
sand dunes in and around the Tiruchendur region in
Tamil Nadu.
Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting • Uniqueness of Udangudi Panangkarupatti is that the
Development (AIBD) palm jaggery preparation procedure in this area is
traditional till date without inclusion of any additional
• Context: India has been re-elected as the President of
modern strategies. Triple super phosphate and
Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development
phosphoric acid are used in many other areas, but
(AIBD) for a Third Successive Term.
no such chemical additives are used in Udangudi
Panangkarupatti.
Key Highlights:
• The jaggery prepared from the palm sap from the
• AIBD was established in 1977 under the auspices of
region is unique due to the presence of red sand
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
dune soil found in the region.
Cultural Organization(UNESCO).
 PrepBee.in
6 Week-2 08th October - 14th October Crack GDPI like a GOD

• This soil holds less groundwater. The moisture content • The council is devised in such a way that the Union
in the atmosphere is less because of the dry climatic Government has 1/3rd voting power and the States have
condition which leads to high sucrose content, in turn 2/3rd. The decisions are taken by the 3/4th
adding taste. majority.

52nd GST Council Meeting 12th OCTOBER, 2023

• Context: The 52nd GST Council met under the
Chairpersonship of the Union Minister for Finance. Travel for LiFE Initiative
• Context: Pacific Asia Travel Association(PATA) will
Key Highlights:
work with India to expand the Travel for LiFE initiative
• The council recommended that Extra Neutral Alcohol
across the Asia Pacific region.
(ENA), used for manufacture of alcoholic liquor for
consumption be kept outside the GST ambit.
• It clarified that the GST rate for corporate guarantees Key Highlights:
provided by a parent company to its subsidiaries will • The Ministry of Tourism will set up a PATA desk to
be levied at 18 per cent. strengthen engagement with PATA on Travel for LiFE
• Millet flour in powder form, containing at least 70% and other areas of cooperation in the tourism sector.
millet by weight will not attract any GST if sold loose, but This is the first major international partnership for the
will face 5% levy if sold in pre-packaged, labeled form. Travel for Life program.

• States also raised the issue of how the cess will • Travel for LiFE’ is a sectoral program under Mission
LiFE targeted towards the tourism sector.
continue
• It was Launched on September 27, 2023 on World
under GST once it comes to an end in March 2026.
Tourism Day.
Currently, cess is being used to pay off the borrowed
amount meant to compensate states during the initial • Launched by Ministry of Tourism in partnership with
five-year period of GST which ended June 2022. the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change (MoEFCC), United Nations World Tourism
About GST Council:
Organisation (UNWTO), and the United Nations
• Goods and Services Tax regime came into force after
Environment Programme(UNEP).
the Constitutional (122nd Amendment) Bill was
• The initiative embodies the ethos of “Pro Planet
passed by both Houses of Parliament in 2016.
People” and operates on the fundamental principles
• The GST Council is a joint forum of the Centre and the
of living “Lifestyle of the planet, for the planet, and by
states. It was set up by the President as per Article
the planet”.
279A (1) of the amended Constitution.
• To bring about significant behavioral changes in
• The council is meant to make recommendations to the
both tourists and tourism businesses, with a strong
Union and the states on important issues related
emphasis on environmental protection and socio-
to GST, like the goods and services that may be
cultural sustainability.
subjected or exempted from GST, model GST Laws.
• The program covers eight core themes including
It also decides on various rate slabs of GST.
energy conservation, water preservation, reducing
• The members of the Council include the Union
single-use plastic, waste reduction, supporting
Finance Minister (chairperson), the Union Minister
local businesses and communities, respecting local
of State (Finance) from the Centre. Each state can
culture and heritage, consuming local foods, and
nominate a minister in-charge of finance or taxation
preserving nature.
or any other minister as a member.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 08th October - 14th October Week-2 7

• The initiative also goes beyond raising awareness.It Key Highlights:

encourages tourism businesses to adopt sustainable • Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) increased
practices and earn certification at bronze, silver, and
significantly over the last six years, from 36.9 per cent
gold levels within the program.
in 2017-18 to 57.9 percent in 2022-23.
• Travel for LiFE Program will position India as leader in
promoting sustainable and responsible tourism and • In rural areas, LFPR increased from 50.7% in 2017-18
using tourism as a vehicle for achieving Sustainable to 60.8% in 2022-23 while for urban areas it increased
Development Goals by 2030. from 47.6% to 50.4%.
• LFPR for male in India increased from 75.8% in 2017-

National Cooperative Development 18 to 78.5% in 2022-23 and corresponding increase

in LFPR for females was from 23.3% to 37.0%.
Corporation (NCDC)
• In rural areas, WPR increased from 48.1% in 2017-18
• Context: The Union Minister of Cooperation addressed
to 59.4% in 2022-23 while for urban areas it increased
the 89th General Council meeting of the National
from 43.9% to 47.7%.
Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC).
• WPR for male in India increased from 71.2% in 2017-
Key Highlights: 18 to 76.0% in 2022-23 and the corresponding increase
• The National Cooperative Development Corporation in WPR for females was from 22.0% to
(NCDC) is a statutory Corporation set up under an 35.9%.
Act of Indian Parliament in 1963.
• India’s unemployment rate dropped to a six-year low
• To plan, promote and finance programmes for
in the financial year July-June 2022-23 to 3.2 per
production, processing, marketing, storage, export and
cent.
import of agricultural produce, food stuffs,
• In rural areas, UR decreased from 5.3% in 2017-18 to
certain other notified commodities.
2.4% in 2022-23 while for urban areas it decreased
• To assist different types of cooperatives and to
expand its financial base. from 7.7% to 5.4%.
• To finance projects in the rural industrial cooperative • UR for male in India decreased from 6.1% in 2017-18
sectors and for certain notified services in rural areas like to 3.3% in 2022-23 and corresponding decrease in
water conservation, irrigation and micro irrigation, agri- UR for females was from 5.6% to 2.9%.
insurance, agro-credit, rural sanitation, animal
health, etc.
• To give loans and grants to State Governments for 13th OCTOBER, 2023
financing primary and secondary level cooperative
societies and direct to the national level and other
Nobel Prize for Economics, 2023
societies having objects extending beyond one State.
• Context: The Nobel
• To go in for direct funding of projects under its various
Prize for economics
schemes of assistance on fulfillment of stipulated
has been awarded
conditions.
to Harvard University
professor Claudia
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Goldin for her

Annual Report 2022-2023 research that has

advanced the
• Context: The National Sample Survey Office(NSSO)
understanding of the gender gap in the labour
has released the Periodic Labour Force Survey
market.
(PLFS) Annual Report 2022-23.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 08th October - 14th October Week-2 9

• Until now, the cardholders had to create different • Additionally, there’s a crew escape system that can
tokens through each merchant’s application or safely return the astronauts to the sea if there are any
webpage.This would require time and effort from the issues during the launch.
users. • The success of this test will set the stage for the
• Going forward, tokens will be created at the issuer first unmanned “Gaganyaan” mission and ultimately
bank level and linked to their existing accounts with manned mission to outer space in low earth orbit.
various e-commerce applications.
• This will eliminate the duplication of the tokenization About Gaganyaan Mission:
process at each app or website along with increased • Gaganyaan mission envisages demonstration of
transaction security resulting in reduced card-data- human spaceflight capability by launching a human crew
related frauds. to an orbit of 400 km and bringing them back
safely to earth, by landing in Indian sea waters.
• Tokenisation replaces a debit or credit card’s 16-digit
number with a unique token that is specific to the • The prerequisites for Gaganyaan mission include
development of many critical technologies including
user’s card and specific for one merchant at a time.
1) human rated launch vehicle for carrying crew
• The token hides the true details of your card, so that in
safely to space 2) Life Support System to provide
case a data leak happens from the merchant website,
an earth like environment to crew in space and 3)
the hackers cannot misuse the card. This token contains
crew emergency escape provision and evolving
no personal information and keeps crew management aspects for training, recovery and
changing. rehabilitation of crew.
• Tokens can be used for online transactions, mobile • The mission is expected to be executed in the second
point-of-sale transactions, or in-app transactions. A half of 2024.
customer can choose whether or not to let his, her
card tokenized.
Bharat NCX 2023
• Context: The second edition of the National Cyber
14TH OCTOBER, 2023 Security Exercise ‘Bharat NCX 2023’ is being
conducted over a period of 12 days.
Gaganyaan: Test Vehicle Development
flight (TV-D1) Key Highlights:
• Context: The Union Minister has announced that the • Conducted by National Security Council Secretariat
“Gaganyaan” Test Vehicle Development flight (TV- D1) (NSCS) in strategic partnership with Rashtriya Raksha
will be launched from Satish Dhawan Space University (RRU) conducted the exercise
Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. • To train senior management and technical personnel
of Government/Critical Sector organizations and
Key Highlights: Public and Private agencies on contemporary cyber
threats and handling cyber incidents and response.
• Test Vehicle Development Flight (TV-D1) is intended to
test the ‘crew module ’ or the part of the Gaganyaan • The participants will be trained on various key
vehicle where the Indian astronauts will be housed. cyber security areas such as Intrusion Detection
• The test involves launching the crew module to outer Techniques, Malware Information Sharing Platform
space and bringing it back to earth and recovering it (MISP), Vulnerability Handling & Penetration Testing,
after touchdown in the Bay of Bengal. Network Protocols & Data Flows, Digital Forensics
etc.
 PrepBee.in
10 Week-2 08th October - 14th October Crack GDPI like a GOD

• Bharat NCX India will help strategic leaders to better understand cyber threats, assess readiness, and develop
skills for cyber crisis management and cooperation.
• This will also help develop and test cybersecurity skills, teamwork, planning, communication, critical thinking and
decision-making.

Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)

• Context: The Union Cabinet has approved the establishment
of an autonomous body Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat).

Key Highlights:
• Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) will be an autonomous
body.
• To support youth development and youth-led development
with the help of technology.
• To create a platform that encompasses the entire
government’s efforts for youth development.
• Mera Yuva Bharat will benefit the youth in the age-group of 15-29 years, in line with the definition of ‘Youth’ in the
National Youth Policy.
• In case of programme components specifically meant for adolescents, the beneficiaries will be in the age-group
of 10-19 years.
• The body will allow youth to get access to resources & connection to opportunities,This will help them become
community change agents and nation builders. This will also allow them to act as the Yuva Setu between the
Government and the citizens.
• The establishment of MY Bharat will lead to achieve several key outcomes:
1. Enhancing youth leadership skills.
2. Cultivating them as social innovators and community leaders.
3. Empowering them to become active drivers of development.
4. Aligning their aspirations with community needs.
5. Providing a unified platform for both young individuals and ministries.
6. Facilitating two-way communication to connect youth with government initiatives.
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 PrepBee.in
2 Week-3 15th October - 21st October Crack GDPI like a GOD

• Rare earth elements refers to a group of 17-odd

15th OCTOBER, 2023 Lithium, minerals that cover ones like scandium, yttrium, and
cerium, among others. Most of these are used
Niobium and Rare Earth as catalysts and magnets, with the most common usage
Elements (REEs) being in alloys, glass, electronics, petroleum extraction,
• Context: The Union Cabinet has approved a royalty electric motors of hybrid and EVS and
rate for lithium, niobium, and for Rare Earth Elements wind turbines, among others.
(REEs). • Niobium is a silvery metal with a layer of oxide on its
surface which makes it resistant to corrosion.
Key Highlights: • It is used in alloys, including stainless steel, to improve
• Recently, the Mines and Minerals (Development and their strength, particularly at low temperatures.
Regulation) Amendment act, 2023 was passed by • Alloys containing niobium are used in jet engines,
the Parliament.
beams and girders for buildings, and oil and gas
• The amendment delisted six minerals including pipelines. Given its superconducting properties, it is
Lithium and Niobium, from the list of atomic minerals, also used in magnets for particle accelerators and
thereby allowing grant of concessions for these
MRI scanners.
minerals to the private sector through auction.
• The main source of Niobium is the mineral columbite,
• Further, the amendment provided that mining lease
which is found in countries such as Canada, Brazil,
and composite license of 24 critical and strategic
Australia, and Nigeria.
minerals including Lithium, Niobium and REEs (not
containing Uranium and Thorium) shall be auctioned
by the Central Government.
Global Amphibian Assessment report
• The Second Schedule of the MMDR Act provides
• Context: The Second Global Amphibian Assessment
royalty rates for various minerals.
report has been released.
• The act currently specifies a royalty rate of 12% of
the average sale price (ASP) for minerals that are not
specifically listed in that Schedule. This rate is
Key Highlights:
much • Global Amphibian Assessment is a comprehensive
higher than global benchmarks. analysis of 8,011 species worldwide.

• Hence, that’s why new royalty rates have been • The analysis was led by Re:wild, Synchronicity Earth
specified by amending the Second Schedule of the and the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group.
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) • Around 41% of amphibian species are on the brink of
Act, 1957. extinction.
• These amendments effectively aligns India’s royalty • This means around two out of every five amphibian
rates with global benchmarks and paves the way for species are at risk of extinction.
commercial exploitation of these minerals through • Major threats to amphibians include climate change,
auctions, which can be conducted by the Centre or habitat loss, disease, fire, invasive species and over-
states. exploitation.
• Lithium is an alkali metal. It is one of the key • Out of 426 amphibian species assessed in India, 139
components in rechargeable batteries that find
are threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered,
usage in mobiles, laptops, electric vehicles, and
and Vulnerable).
medical devices like pacemakers. It is also used in
energy storage solutions.
 PrepBee.in
Crack GDPI like a GOD 15th October - 21st October Week-3 3

• The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot spread

across Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu is rich in
16th OCTOBER, 2023
amphibian diversity.
• However, around 64 species of amphibians found in Caste Census in India
• Context: Recently, the demand was made for a
the
nationwide caste census after publication of a caste
Western Ghats are on the list of endangered species.
survey in Bihar.
• The Micrixalus genus (dancing frogs) in the Western
Ghats is the most threatened frog genus in India.
Key Highlights:
Dancing Frogs are endemic to the Western Ghats of
• The demand was made after the recent publication of
India. They have a curious habit of waving their hind
a caste survey in Bihar found that 63% of Bihar’s
legs to defend their territory from intruding males
13 crore population belong to castes listed under
during the breeding season.
the Extremely Backward Classes (EBC) and Other
• Nyctibatrachidae (night frogs) are also highly
Backward Classes (OBC) categories.
threatened in southern states.
• However recently, the Prime Minister has criticised
• Wildlife Trust of India has launched Amphibian
and rejected the demand for a nationwide caste
Recovery Project in the Munnar Landscape of Kerala.
census.
• The project is actively working to recover the
• The State government in Bihar in January 2023
population of threatened amphibians by addressing
launched a two-phase caste survey in Bihar, stating
the challenges that cause the risk of extinction.
that detailed information on socio-economic
• Currently, the project is focussing on 5 species: Deccan conditions would help create better government
Night Frog (Endangered), Resplendent Resplendent
policies for disadvantaged groups.
shrub frog (Endangered), Kadalar Swamp Frog
• Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Extremely
(Endangered), Anaimalai Flying Frog (Vulnerable),
Backward Classes (EBCs) constitute more than 63%
and Meowing Night Frog (Near Threatened).
of the population of Bihar.
Watermeal: Earth’s tiniest flowering • The so-called “forward” castes or “General” category

plant is only 15.5% of the population.

• The data also shows that there are about 20% (2.6
• Context: Scientists from Thailand are conducting
crore) Scheduled Castes (SCs), and just 1.6% (22
groundbreaking research into the potential of Watermeal
lakh) Scheduled Tribes (STs).
plants as a source of nutrition and oxygen
for astronauts. • The intersection between class and caste-based
deprivation in Indian society is evident in a gamut of
socio-economic statistics.
Key Highlights:
• The average Monthly Per capita consumption
• Watermeal is the world’s smallest flowering plant.It
expenditures (MPCE) of Scheduled Tribes (ST),
is known for its tiny size and floating habit on
Scheduled Castes (SC) and OBC households in rural
water
areas were, respectively 65%, 73% and 84% of the
bodies.It lacks roots, stems, or leaves.
MPCE of the ‘Others’, i.e. the general category, as
• Watermeal thrives in quiet, nutrient-rich freshwater
per the National Sample Survey (NSS), 2011-12.
environments like ponds, lakes and marshes.
• In urban areas the average MPCE of ST, SC and OBC
• It is also a producer of oxygen through photosynthesis
households were 68%, 63% and 70% of the
and a rich source of protein. In Thailand, it has been general
part of the local diet for generations. category in 2011-12.
 PrepBee.in
4 Week-3 15th October - 21st October Crack GDPI like a GOD

Global Hunger Index 2023 Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen, as well as Burkina Faso
• and Mali.
Context: India ranks 111 out of a total of 125 countries • Rates of undernourishment, child stunting, child
in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2023. wasting, and child mortality are all projected to fall
Key Highlights: short of the targets for 2030 set by the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
• GHI is a tool for comprehensively measuring and
tracking hunger at global, regional, and national levels. • India’s neighbouring countries Pakistan (102th),
GHI scores are based on the values of four Bangladesh (81st), Nepal (69th) and Sri Lanka (60th)
have fared better than it in the index.
component indicators:
• India has the highest child wasting rate in the world,
1. Undernourishment: the share of the population with
at 18.7 percent, reflecting acute undernutrition.
insufficient caloric intake.
• The rate of undernourishment in India stood at 16.6
2. Child stunting: the share of children under age
percent and under-five mortality at 3.1 percent.
five who have low height for their age, reflecting
• The prevalence of anaemia in women aged between
chronic undernutrition.
15 and 24 years stood at 58.1 percent.
3. Child wasting: the share of children under age five
who have low weight for their height, reflecting
acute undernutrition. World Health Summit 2023
4. Child mortality: the share of children who die before • Context: India’s Union Minister for Health and Family
their fifth birthday, partly reflecting the fatal mix of Welfare attended the World Health Summit 2023.
inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments.
• Based on the values of the four indicators, a GHI
Key Highlights:
score is calculated on a 100-point scale reflecting the • Union Minister highlighted the steps taken by India to
reduce the prevalence and impact of Non-
severity of hunger, where 0 is the best possible score
communicable diseases (NCDs).
(no hunger) and 100 is the worst.
1. National Programme for Prevention and Control
• Global hunger remains too high, and progress on
of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) was
reducing hunger has largely stalled.
launched under the National Health Mission (NHM)
• The share of people globally who are undernourished in 2010. It aims to strengthen infrastructure, human
rose from 7.5 percent in 2017 to 9.2 percent in 2022. resource development, health promotion, early
• South Asia and Africa South of the Sahara each have diagnosis, management and referral.
a GHI score of 27.0, indicating serious hunger. 2. 75/25 initiative aimed at screening and providing
• The region with the lowest 2023 GHI score is Europe standard of care for 75 million individuals with
and Central Asia, whose score of 6.0 is considered hypertension and diabetes by 2025.
low. 3. The Outcome Budget document of the Union
• Six countries are designated as alarming based Budget for 2023-2024 has included hypertension
on their 2023 GHI scores: Central African and diabetes treatment as output indicators for the
Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, first time.
Madagascar, Niger, and Yemen. 4. Population-Based Screening(PBS) organized
• The countries at the highest level of concern for under the umbrella of Comprehensive Primary Health
2023 are Afghanistan, Haiti, Nigeria, Somalia, South Care (CPHC) across Ayushman Bharat-
Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWC).
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5. The individuals in the age groups of 30 years for international commitments and ensure that these
and above are targeted for risk assessment and are effectively translated into national realities.
screening of common NCDs (hypertension, diabetes, • Hosted by Parliament of India in cooperation with
oral cancer, breast cancer and cervical Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU).
cancer). • Theme: ‘Parliaments for One Earth, One Family, One
6. National NCD portal is being used for prevention, Future’.
control, screening and management of common • The summit hosted discussions on four subjects:
NCDs.
1. Accelerating SDGs
7. Primary-level information is captured through
2. Sustainable Energy Transition
this portal at public health facilities for reporting and
3. Women led Development
monitoring individual-wise screening and
compliance of treatment for NCDs. 4. Transformation in Peoples’ Lives through Public
Digital Platforms.

About World Health Summit:

• World Health Summit is the unique international Metal-insulator transition (MIT)
strategic forum for global health • Context: Scientists have found the reason behind how
• It was founded in 2009 on the occasion of the 300th certain materials can change from being good
anniversary of Berlin’s Charité Hospital. conductors of electricity (metallic) to insulators
• It is held under the patronage of the German (materials in which electric current does not flow
Chancellor, President of the Republic of France, freely).

President of the European Commission and Director-

General of the World Health Organization(WHO). Key Highlights:
• To set the agenda for a healthier future by inspiring • Scientists have found the reason behind how certain
innovative solutions for better health and wellbeing materials can change from being good conductors of
for all. electricity (metallic) to insulators.
• Theme for 2023: “A Defining Year for Global Health • They used one of the metal-insulator transition(MIT)
Action.” materials called chromium nitride (CrN) to
demonstrate this.
• They have found that the magnetic stress caused by
17th OCTOBER, 2023 the arrangement of atoms in a material can be the
reason for this transition of materials from metallic to
P20 Summit insulators.
• Context: The Prime Minister inaugurated the 9th G20 • These findings can lead to a better understanding
Parliamentary Speakers’ Summit(P20) in New Delhi. of how different factors like magnetism, electrical
charge, and atomic arrangement work together in
Key Highlights: materials.
• Parliament 20(P20) Engagement Group was started • It could also help us discover new materials that can
during Canada’s G20 Presidency in 2010. switch between being conductors and insulators.
• The group is led by Speakers from Parliaments of
G20 countries.
About Metal-insulator transition (MIT):
• To bring a parliamentary dimension to global • Normally, materials are either good at conducting
governance, raise awareness, build political support electricity (metallic) or they block it (insulators).
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• But some special materials can switch between these

two states when we change things like temperature
18th OCTOBER, 2023 Same-
or pressure. This switching is known as a metal-
insulator transition (MIT). sex marriages judgment
• This phenomenon was first discovered in magnetite • Context: A five-judge Constitution Bench of the
in 1939. Supreme Court has refused to grant legal status to
same-sex marriages by 3-2 majority.

Amendment to Aircraft Rules, 1937 Key Highlights:

• Context: The Government of India has made several • The petitioners argued that there exists a fundamental
amendments to the Aircraft Rules,1937. These right to marry a person of one’s own choice under the
amendments aim to make doing business in aviation Constitution and that the court must address the
easier and ensure safety and security. denial of that right:
 Minority View: The marriage is not inherently a
Key Highlights: fundamental right as it has been shaped by state
• The validity of Airline Transport Pilot Licenses (ATPL) regulation.
and Commercial Pilot Licenses (CPL) has been  Majority View: It agreed with the minority view. It said
increased from five years to ten years. This means that personal importance doesn’t automatically
pilots don’t have to renew their licenses as often. make something a fundamental right.
• The rules have been updated to tackle the concerns • Interpretation of Special Marriage Act: SMA was
regarding the display of lights near aerodromes (part enacted in 1954 to enable marriage between inter-
of an airport that is used by aircraft) faith or inter-caste couples without them giving up
• The term ‘light’ now includes lantern lights, wish kites their religious identity or resorting to conversion.
• The petitioners had asked the SC to interpret the word
and laser lights.
marriage as between “spouses” instead of “man and
• Government’s jurisdiction over those displaying such
woman”.
lights has been increased from a 5-kilometer radius
• The petitioners had asked for striking down provisions
to 5 nautical miles around an aerodrome.
of the SMA that are gender-restrictive:
• Government also has the power to take action against
 Minority View: It opposes expansive interpretation of
people who use lights that could disrupt aircraft the Special Marriage Act, fearing it could infringe
safety or harm the crew. on legislative powers.
• For instance, if such lights are left unattended for 24  Majority View: It stated that the court could not
hours, the government can enter the location and interpret the SMA to include same-sex couples since
turn them off. Legal action under the Indian Penal the objective of the legislation is not to include
Code (IPC) can also be taken in such cases. same-sex couples within the realm of marriage.
• The requirement to validate foreign pilot licenses has • The petitioners had argued that the guidelines of the
been removed. Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA), which
• Flexible Rules for Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) license does not allow unmarried couples to jointly adopt
holders have more flexibility now when it comes to children is discriminatory against queer couples who
cannot legally marry.
hours of work.
• They now need to complete a minimum of ten hours of • CARA guidelines allow only a couple who have been
simulated exercises including emergency scenarios. in at least two years of a stable marital relationship to
A skill assessment for their rating must be done within be eligible to adopt. Individually, queer persons can
ten days of starting these exercises. adopt as single people.
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• However, a single male is not eligible to adopt a girl • Tuna Tekra all-weather deep draft terminal: Its
child even though a single female is eligible to adopt foundation was laid down at Deendayal Port Authority
a child of any gender. in Gujarat.
 Minority View: It strikes down certain CARA • The terminal is likely to emerge as an international
regulations emphasizing that preventing unmarried trade hub, will handle next-gen vessels exceeding
couples, including queer ones, from adopting isn’t 18,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) and will
in the child’s best interests. act as a gateway for Indian trade via the India-Middle
 Majority View: It largely agrees with the East-Europe Economic Corridor .
discrimination against queer couples but suggests • The summit provides an excellent platform for attracting
only the legislature can change the adoption investment in the country’s maritime sector.
criteria. • The first Maritime India summit was held in 2016 in
• The judges had discussed recognising civil unions for Mumbai while the Second Maritime Summit was held
queer couples as a halfway approach during the hearing. virtually in 2021.
• In US, before full marriage rights were recognised for • The summit of 2023 will witness the participation of
same-sex couples by the US Supreme Court, several Ministers from across the globe representing countries
states had allowed civil unions. from Europe, Africa, South America, and Asia (including
 Minority View: It held that the right to form civil central Asia, Middle East and
unions falls within the fundamental right to freedom BIMSTEC region).
of speech and expression. • The three-day summit will discuss and deliberate
• It also noted the Solicitor General’s statement that a key issues of the maritime sector including ports of
committee chaired by the Cabinet Secretary would the future; decarbonisation; coastal shipping and
be constituted to set out the rights which would be inland water transportation; shipbuilding; repair and
available to queer couples in civil unions. recycling; finance, insurance & arbitration; maritime
 Majority View: It disagreed with the view that the clusters; innovation & technology; maritime safety
court can prescribe a “choice” of civil unions to and security; and maritime tourism, among others.
queer couples. It recommended that the state can
facilitate this option if the community desires it.
19th OCTOBER, 2023

Global Maritime India Summit 2023 Coal Statistics 2022-23

• Context: The Prime Minister inaugurated the third • Context: The Ministry of Coal released the statistical
edition of Global Maritime India Summit 2023. publication of “Provisional Coal Statistics for 2022-
23”.
Key Highlights:
• The Prime Minister also unveiled ‘Amrit Kaal Vision Key Highlights:
2047’, a blueprint for the Indian maritime blue economy. • The Provisional Coal Statistics 2022-23 provides
• The blueprint outlines strategic initiatives aimed comprehensive and detailed information on various
at enhancing port facilities, promoting sustainable aspects, including coal reserves, production, coal
practices, and facilitating international collaboration. production & productivity, pit-head closing stock,
• The foundation stone for projects worth more than Rs performance of captive blocks & commercial blocks,
23,000 crores that are aligned with the ‘Amrit Kaal dispatches, import, export, coal washeries, Royalty,
Vision 2047’ was laid. DMF, NMET etc.
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• It offers valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of • The next WorldSkills Competition is to be held in
the Coal and Lignite sector, enabling stakeholders Paris.
to take informed decisions based on reliable data • These competitions provide both a benchmark for
• Total production of raw coal in India in the year 2022- high performance and a way to assess vocational
23, was 893.190 MT whereas it was 778.210 MT excellence among the workforce.
in 2021-22, showing a growth of 14.77% over the
previous year.
• The contribution of the public sector is higher as About WorldSkills Competition:
compared to private sectors in the production of raw • It is the most extensive skill competition globally,
coal (both Coking and Non-Coking coal). taking place biennially.
• Odisha registered the highest coal production • It is conducted by WorldSkills International, which
(24.52%), followed by Chhattisgarh (20.70%), has 86 member countries.
Jharkhand (17.52%) and Madhya Pradesh (16.35%). • WorldSkills is an international charity that organises
• 96.10% of coal production in India was from Open world and national championships for vocational
Cast mines (858.342 MT) and the rest 3.90% was skills and is held every two years in different parts
from Underground mines (34.848 MT). of the world, and also hosts conferences about
• Import of coal in the year 2022-23, was 237.668 vocational skills.
MT compared to 208.627 MT in 2021- 22, thus • WorldSkills India is an initiative of the National Skill
showcasing an increase of 13.92% over 2021-22. Development Corporation (NSDC) under the Ministry
• It was mainly imported from Indonesia, Australia, of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
Russia, South Africa, USA, Singapore and
Mozambique.
• Export of coal in the year 2022-23, was 1.163 MT
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
compared to 1.316 MT in 2021-22. Coal was • Context: The Sixth Assembly of the International Solar
Alliance is being held in New Delhi.
mainly
exported to Nepal and Bangladesh.
Key Highlights:
IndiaSkills 2023-24 • The key reports released during the sixth assembly of
the International Solar Alliance are:
• Context: The Ministry of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship launched the IndiaSkills 2023-24 1. World Solar Technology Report 2023 focuses on
program and felicitated WorldSkills 2022 winners. solar photovoltaics (solar PV) and specifically
highlights advancements in crystalline silicon
technology. Solar PV has shown remarkable
Key Highlights:
growth and is projected to capture 56.4% of total
• India had secured 11th position in the global
renewable energy share by 2050. Crystalline
competition last year.
silicon technology dominates the market with a
• It is the biggest skill competition in India held every 98% share.
two years exhibiting extraordinary talent from across
2. World Solar Market Report 2023 looks at how the
the country with the support of State Governments
solar power market has changed over time. It
and Industry.
started in Europe but now the Asia-Pacific region
• The IndiaSkills serves as a stepping stone to the
is leading. The solar market has been growing
WorldSkills Competition.
really fast (37% each year) and expanded a lot
• Participants who will excel in IndiaSkills at the national in 2022.
level will take part in the global event.
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3. World Solar Investment Report 2023 shows that and the Duhai Depot. These RRTS stations will be
investment in solar power went up a lot in 2022, to integrated with various metro lines, airports and
more than $300 billion (a 36% increase from 2021). bus stands, wherever possible.
China, Germany and the USA were the top solar
investment destinations. The report recommends that
Niemann-Pick disease
to keep solar power growing, we need to invest
• Context: Parents of children suffering from Niemann-
in electricity grids and storage, have a variety of
Pick disease have urged the Government of India
supply chains and focus on developing markets.
to notify this disease under the National Policy for
Rare Diseases. This would enable eligible patients
20th OCTOBER, 2023 to receive financial support from the government
and access Xenpozyme, an expensive enzyme
Delhi-Meerut RRTS Corridor replacement therapy used for treatment.

• Context: The maiden voyage of India’s first regional

train service, the Delhi-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit Key Highlights:
System (RRTS), also known as RapidX, is set to begin • Niemann-Pick disease is a group of rare and inherited
on a 17-kilometer stretch. metabolic disorders that affect the body’s ability to
process lipids or fats properly.
• This buildup of lipids can lead to a wide range of
Key Highlights:
symptoms including liver and spleen enlargement, lung
• The RRTS is developed by the National Capital Region
problems, neurological issues, and other
Transport Corporation (NCRTC), a joint venture of the
complications.
Government of India and governments
• Niemann-Pick is caused by mutations in specific
of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
genes related to how the body metabolizes fat
• The construction of the corridor began in 2019. (cholesterol and lipids).
The total length of the Delhi-Meerut corridor is 82 • The Niemann-Pick gene mutations are passed from
kilometers which will be covered in just an hour. It parents to children in a pattern called autosomal
comprises 24 stations. It will be completed by 2025. recessive inheritance.
• The project has been constructed at a cost of • This means that both the mother and the father must
₹30,274 crore. The Asian Development Bank, pass on the defective form of the gene for the child to
New Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure be affected.
Investment Bank have also funded this project. • There is currently no cure for Niemann-Pick diseas
• The RRTS is different from the Metro rail. It has an
operational speed of 160 kilometers per hour against
the Metro’s speed of 80 kph. CCI issues draft of ‘leniency plus’
• The RRTS trains feature several commuter-centric •norms
Context: The Competition Commission of India (CCI)
facilities such as overhead luggage racks, Wi-Fi, mobile has released draft regulations under the ‘leniency-
and laptop charging facility at every seat. Each train will plus’ regime.
have one premium class car with wider seats, more
legroom, and coat hangers. The trains will also come Key Highlights:
equipped with a vending machine facility. • The Leniency programme allows companies that
• The first phase covering 17 kilometers will cover five provide sufficient information about a cartel in which
stations- Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Guldhar, Duhai they have participated to receive partial immunity
from penalty.
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• Such a programme helps competition authorities to Key Highlights:

discover secret cartels and to obtain insider • Microalgae are microscopic algae that are invisible to
evidence of the infringement. the naked eye.They are typically found in freshwater
• Leniency programme is provided under the and marine systems.
Competition Act 2002. Under this, Competition • They are unicellular species that exist individually or
Commission of India (CCI) may impose a lesser in chains or groups.
penalty on a person involved in a cartel if such • Unlike higher plants, microalgae do not have roots,
person has made a full and true disclosure in stems, or leaves.
respect of alleged violations and such disclosure • Microalgae are capable of performing photosynthesis.
is vital. They produce approximately half of the atmospheric
• Leniency plus regime was introduced in the oxygen and captures the carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
Competition (Amendment) Act, 2023.
• They play a crucial role in the food chain as they
• In this regime, a cartel member cooperating with the
serve as a primary source of nutrition for a wide range
Competition Commission of India (CCI) for leniency of aquatic organisms. They are often consumed by
can reveal the existence of another unrelated cartel various aquatic creatures, including zooplankton,
during the original leniency proceedings. In return, which, in turn, are eaten by larger organisms like fish.
they receive an additional reduction in penalties. • Some species of microalgae, such as spirulina and
• This strategy is proactive in enforcing antitrust laws chlorella, are highly nutritious and are used as dietary
and aims to encourage companies already under supplements. They are rich in proteins, vitamins,
investigation for one cartel to report other cartels minerals, and other essential nutrients.
unknown to the competition regulator. • Microalgae can be used to produce biofuels, such as
• A cartel is a collection of independent businesses biodiesel. They have a high lipid content, which can
or organizations that collude to manipulate the be converted into fuel through various processes.
price of a product or service. • Microalgae can help in wastewater treatment and
carbon capture. They can absorb nutrients and
• Cartels are competitors in the same industry and
pollutants from water and help improve water quality.
seek to reduce that competition by controlling
• Microalgae are used in biotechnology for the
pricing in agreement with one another.
production of various compounds, including
• Tactics used by cartels include reduction of supply,
pigments, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.
price-fixing, collusive bidding, and market carving.
• As climate change reduces nutrient availability
• The actions of cartels hurt consumers through in the ocean, microalgae activates a protein
increased prices and lack of transparency. called rhodopsin. This protein is related to the one
responsible for low-light vision in the human eye.
• Rhodopsin enables these microalgae to thrive by
21st OCTOBER, 2023 using sunlight instead of traditional chlorophyll when
nutrients are scarce. Rhodopsins are proposed to be
Microalgae are adapting to warming major light capturers in the ocean. They absorb light

climate as much as chlorophyll-based photosynthesis in the

sea to generate energy and food.
• Context: Microalgae have adopted a unique strategy
to adapt to global warming.
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Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and

Redressal) Act (POSH Act)
• Context: The Supreme Court has directed the Centre and all the states and Union
territories (UTs) to immediately appoint district officers under the Sexual Harassment
of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act (POSH Act).

Key Highlights:
• The Sexual Harassment of Women At Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal) Act of 2013, or POSH Act mandates States to appoint a District
Officer in every district.
• District Officers would constitute Local Complaints Committees (LCCs) to
receive complaints from women employed in small establishments with less
than 10 workers or cases in which the accused is the employer himself.
• A District Officer would appoint nodal officers under the Act in rural, tribal
and urban areas. The nodal officers would receive complaints and forward the same to the concerned
Local
Complaints Committees (LCCs).
• The Local Complaints Committees (LCCs) after conducting an inquiry have to submit its report to the district
officer and the employer recommending action.
• The district officer will forward a brief statement on the annual reports submitted by every employer in

their
jurisdiction to the government.
• An Internal Committee (IC) is to be set up under the POSH Act if the organization has 10 or more employees.
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a reduction in the number of Canadian diplomats

22nd OCTOBER, 2023 posted in India.

APAAR: One Nation, One ID Key Highlights:

• Context: The Union Education Ministry has introduced • The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is an
the concept of ‘One Nation, One Student ID’ referred international treaty signed in 1961.
to as APAAR ID.
• To put forth a framework for diplomatic interactions
between independent nations and aims to ensure the
Key Highlights: development of friendly relations among nations.
• This concept is in alignment with the National • Signed by: At present 193 countries are party to the
Education Policy (NEP) 2020.The policy aims to create convention.
unique ID
• The convention formalizes the longstanding practice
numbers for school students across India.
of diplomatic immunity. It grants diplomatic missions
• APAAR stands for ‘Automated Permanent Academic privileges that enable diplomats to perform their
Account Registry’. functions without fear of coercion or harassment by
• It is a 12 digit digital identification system for school the host country.
students in India. It will give each student enrolled • India has said that its actions are as per provisions of
from pre-primary to higher education a unique Article 11.1 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic
identification number. Relations (VCDR).
• It will digitally store academic qualifications, credit • Article 11.1 pertains to the size of international
scores, certificates, and other academic data of missions within other countries.
students.
• It provides the receiving state the right to limit the
• The enrolment process will be carried out by the size of a diplomatic mission to what it considers
school, with the consent of the students’ parents. reasonable and normal.
• The parents can withdraw their consent at any given
point in time.
NOTE:
• The data will be shared only with concerned
• Article 11: If there is no specific agreement on the
government agencies if and when required.
number of diplomats allowed in a mission, the
• The data collected on each student by the schools
receiving State (host country) can set limits.
will be stored in a centrally functioning District
• The host country can determine the reasonable
Information for Education portal.
and normal size of a diplomatic mission.
• APAAR is like a lifelong ID that helps you keep track
• This determination can be made based on the
of your school journey and achievements.
circumstances and conditions in the host country
• You can store your exam results, what you’ve learned
and the specific needs of the mission.
and even your extra accomplishments like Olympiad
rankings or receiving specialized skill training
• It also makes switching schools easier because all
23rd OCTOBER, 2023
the documents for admission are in one place.

Vienna Convention Standards & Labelling Programme

• Context: Canada has accused India of violating the • Context: The Government has launched the Standards
Vienna Convention after India had asked for & Labelling Programme for solar panels.
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Key Highlights: • To check the effectiveness of Crew Escape

• It was launched by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). System(CES) in taking the Crew Module(CM) to safety
in case of an emergency during the Gaganyaan
• To provide consumers an informed choice about the
mission.
energy and cost-saving potential of the star labelled
appliances/equipment being sold in the Indian market. • The test vehicle is a single-stage liquid rocket.
• The scheme involves laying down energy performance • It carries the Crew Module (CM) and Crew Escape
norms for appliances/equipment by rating its energy Systems (CES) along with other components like the
performance on a scale of 1 to 5 with 5 star labelled CM fairing (CMF) and Interface Adapters.
appliance being the most energy efficient one. • The CM is the part where astronauts will stay during
• The program presently covers 34 appliances. Out of the Gaganyaan mission. For this test (TV-D1), an
which 15 appliances are under the mandatory regime unpressurized version of CM is used.
which means these appliances cannot be sold in the • The flight will simulate the abort condition.CES with
market without the label and 19 appliances are in CM will be separated from the Test Vehicle at an
voluntary regime where the market is in development altitude of about 17 km.
stage. • Subsequently, the abort sequence will be executed
• The scheme has resulted in overall electricity saving with the separation of CES, parachutes deploying
of 70.56 billion units translating to an abatement of and eventually, the CM landing safely in the sea.
57.05 million ton of CO emission in FY 2021-2022. • The success of this test flight will set the stage for
• Standards & Labelling Programme for solar panels the remaining qualification tests and unmanned
aim to help the Indian customers to make an informed missions, leading to the first Gaganyaan mission with
Indian Astronauts.
decision by helping citizens to know which brands of
solar panels are more or less efficient.
• The labelling will be voluntary for the first two years
from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2025. During
Mid-Planning Conference for
this period, no labelling fee will be charged. Multilateral Naval Exercise (MILAN) – 24
• The program is expected to enhance Solar PV module • Context: The Mid Planning Conference (MPC) of
efficiency by 2% over its existing levels. MILAN 24 (Multilateral Naval Exercise – 2024) was
hosted by the Indian Navy at Visakhapatnam.
• Due to this performance improvement, the electricity
generation is expected to increase by 33GWh/year and
this will offset ~27,000 tons of CO Key Highlights:
2 emission per annum. • MILAN is Biennial multilateral naval exercise
• It was started by Indian Navy in 1995
Gaganyaan’s first Flight Test Vehicle • To enhance professional interaction between friendly
Abort Mission-1 (TV-D1) foreign navies and learn from each other’s strengths
• Context: The Indian Space Research Organisation and best practices in the maritime domain.
(ISRO) has launched Gaganyaan’s first Flight Test • The exercise began with the participation of just
Vehicle Abort Mission-1(TV-D1). four countries: Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and
Thailand.
Key Highlights: • Over the years, it has grown in terms of both the
• Flight Test Vehicle Abort Mission 1 (TV-D1) is the first number of participants and the complexity of
of two abort missions to test crew safety mechanisms exercises. In 2022, 39 countries participated in Milan
for the Gaganyaan mission. exercise.
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• The exercise originally aligned with India’s ‘Look East Key Highlights:
Policy’. It later expanded to include more countries • Report shows that global billionaires have very low
as part of India’s ‘Act East Policy’ and the Security personal effective tax rates of between 0% and 0.5%
and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) initiative.
of their wealth.
• This expansion involved nations from both the western
• A persistently large amount of profit, nearly $1 trillion,
Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and the countries along
is shifted to tax havens in 2022, which is equivalent
the IOR coast.
to 35% of all the profits booked by multinational
• Exercise MILAN 2024 is likely to witness the largest-
ever participation with invites being extended to over companies outside of their headquarter country.
50 countries. • The global loss of tax revenue due to this shifting
• The exercise aligns with India’s G20 Presidency and appears to have stagnated at about 10% of corporate
the theme “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” emphasizing tax revenue collected.
global unity. • The global minimum tax has been dramatically
weakened.

24th OCTOBER, 2023 • In 2021, more than 140 countries and territories agreed
to implement a pioneering minimum tax of 15% on
multinational profits, which was expected to
Cyclone Tej increase global tax revenues by 10%.
• Context: The India Meteorological Department (IMD)
• The report red-flagged the trend of ‘greenwashing
predicted that Cyclone Tej, a depression gathering
the global minimum tax’ wherein MNCs can use
force in the Arabian Sea, intensified into an ‘extremely
‘green’ tax credits for low carbon transition to reduce
severe cyclonic storm’ near the coasts of Oman and
their tax rates way below the minimum of 15%.
Yemen.
• New forms of aggressive tax competition are
emerging with adverse effects on government
Key Highlights:
• It developed from a low-pressure area in the southeast revenue and inequality.
Arabian Sea and intensified into a depression. • The ongoing subsidies race for green-energy
• Currently, it is moving west-northwest towards producers may more than offset the revenue gains
Maharashtra’s coast. from the global minimum corporate tax.
• Cyclone Tej may bring heavy rainfall, strong winds, • The report makes recommendations to reconcile
storm surges, and coastal flooding to the affected globalisation with tax justice with a common theme of
areas. focusing on reducing the tax deficit of multinational
companies and wealthy individuals. These include:
About India Meteorological Department (IMD):  Reform the international agreement on minimum
• It was established in 1875. corporate taxation to implement a rate of 25%
• It is the principal government agency in all matters and remove the loophole in it that fosters tax
relating to meteorology and allied subjects. competition.
• It is under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).  Introduce a new global minimum tax for the world’s
billionaires equal to 2% of their wealth.
 Institute mechanisms to tax wealthy people who
Global Tax Evasion Report 2024
have been long-term residents in a country and
• Context: The European Union Tax Observatory in its
choose to move to a low-tax country.
‘Global Tax Evasion Report 2024’ calls for 2%
global
wealth tax on billionaires.
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 Implement unilateral measures to collect some of • A donor will get a deduction and the recipient, or the
the tax deficits of multinational companies and political party, will get tax exemption, provided
billionaires in case global agreements on these returns are filed by the political party.
issues fail.
 Move towards the creation of a Global Asset 25th OCTOBER, 2023
Registry to better fight tax evasion.
 Strengthen the application of economic substance
Small Savings Instruments
and anti-abuse rules.
• Context: The government raised the interest rate on
(SSIs)
the five-year recurring deposit scheme for the
Electoral Bonds December quarter and retained the rates for all other
• Context: The former Chief Election Commissioner of small savings schemes.
India, SY Quraishi, spoke on the need for transparency
in political funding and Electoral Bonds. Key Highlights:
• They are a set of savings instruments managed by the
Key Highlights: central government with an aim to encourage
• Government of India notified the Electoral Bond citizens to save regularly irrespective of their age.
scheme in 2018. • It comprises instruments, including the National
Saving Certificate (NSC), Public Provident Fund
• An electoral bond is like a promissory note that
(PPF), Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) and Sukanya
can be bought by any Indian citizen or company
Samriddhi Scheme.
incorporated in India from select branches of State
Bank of India. • The money raised from people who save through
these schemes goes to the Centre and is put into a
• The citizen or corporate can then donate the same to
fund called the National Small Savings Fund (NSSF).
any eligible political party of his/her choice.
• The government resets the interest rate at the
• The bonds are issued in multiples of Rs 1,000, Rs
beginning of every quarter.
10,000, Rs 100,000 and Rs 1 crore.
• Theoretically, since 2016, interest rate re-setting has
• The receiver can encash the bonds through the
been based on yields of government securities
party’s verified account. The electoral bond will be
of the corresponding maturity, with some spread on the
valid only for fifteen days.
scheme for senior citizens, as advised by the
• The electoral bonds are available for purchase for 10 Shyamala Gopinath Committee.
days at the beginning of every quarter.
• National Savings (Monthly Income Account) Scheme,
• An additional period of 30 days shall be specified by 2019 has been amended through National Savings
the government in the year of Lok Sabha elections. (Monthly Income Account) (Amendment) Scheme,
• Any party that is registered under section 29A of the 2023 and the maximum investment limit has been
Representation of the Peoples Act, 1951 and has raised from ` four lakh fifty thousand to ` nine lakh for
secured at least one percent of the votes polled in the a single account and from ` nine lakh to ` 15 lakh for
most recent General elections or Assembly elections a joint account with effect from 1st April 2023.
is eligible to receive electoral bonds. • Likewise, the Senior Citizen Savings Scheme, 2019
• The electoral bonds will not bear the name of the has been amended through Senior Citizens Savings
donor. Thus, the political party might not be aware of (Amendment) Scheme, 2023 and the maximum
the donor’s identity. investment limit has been raised from ` 15 lakh to
` 30 lakh.
 PrepBee.in
6 Week-4 22nd October - 31st October Crack GDPI like a GOD

Matsya Sampada Jagrukta Abhiyan • These call centers target vulnerable individuals and
• Context: Union Minister Fisheries, Animal Husbandry defraud thousands annually.
& Dairying, launched Matsya Sampada Jagrukta • That is why, Microsoft and Amazon have collaborated
Abhiyan on the occasion of completion of three with CBI to share critical information and help Indian
successful years of implementation of Pradhan Mantri law enforcement agencies in their investigations
Matasya Sampada Yojna (PMMSY).
IFFCO’s Nano DAP (Liquid) Plant
Key Highlights: • Context: The Union Minister of Cooperation has
• It is the flagship scheme of the Department of inaugurated IFFCO’s Nano DAP (Liquid) Plant at
Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Kalol in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Dairying, and was launched in 2020.
• Aim: To give momentum to the ‘sunrise’ fisheries Key Highlights:
sector through consolidated efforts from various • Nano-DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) is a
schemes and initiatives. nanotechnology-based agri-input developed by
• The PMMSY is an umbrella scheme with two separate the Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited
Components namely Central Sector Scheme (CS) (IFFCO).
and Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS). • It will have 8% nitrogen and 16% phosphorus
compared to 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus
• The Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) Component
contained in the conventional granular bag.
is further segregated into Non-beneficiary oriented
and beneficiary orientated subcomponents/activities: • A 500 ml bottle of nano-DAP is equal to a 50kg bag of
regular DAP. The cost of a bottle of nano-DAP is ̀`600
1. Enhancement of Production and Productivity
(without subsidy) while conventional DAP is priced at
2. Infrastructure and Post-harvest Management `1,350 per bag (with fertilizer subsidy).
3. Fisheries Management and Regulatory Framework. • IFFCO has obtained a 20-year patent for nano-urea
and nano-DAP, entitling them to receive a 20% royalty
26th OCTOBER, 2023 for global usage of these products.

Operation Chakra-II Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati

• Context: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) Abhuyday Yojana (PM-AJAY)
has launched Operation Chakra-II.
• Context: The Scheme of Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram
Yojana (PMAGY), which is now being implemented as
Key Highlights: 'Adarsh Gram' component of the Scheme of Pradhan
• It was launched by Central Bureau of Investigation Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY),
(CBI) to fight against transnationally organized cyber- has been designed with an area based approach,
enabled financial crimes in India. wherein villages having high density of Scheduled
• For the operation, CBI has partnered with Microsoft Castes (SCs) populations are taken up for holistic
and Amazon as well as with national and international development.
agencies to combat and dismantle infrastructure of
illegal call centers.
Key Highlights:
• Most of the illegal call centers raided by CBI posed • PM-AJAY nodal Ministry is Ministry of Social Justice &
as Microsoft and Amazon customer support. Empowerment
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Crack GDPI like a GOD 22nd October - 31st OctoberWeek-4 7

• The scheme is a merger of 3 Centrally Sponsored Key Highlights:

Schemes namely: Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana • Purple Economy obtains its name from the color
(PMAGY), Special Central Assistance to Scheduled adopted by many feminist movements.
Castes Sub Plan (SCA to SCSP) and • It represents a new vision of economics that recognizes
Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojana (BJRCY). the importance of care work, empowerment and
• To reduce poverty within Scheduled Caste (SC) autonomy of women.
communities by creating additional job opportunities • There are four pillars of the purple economy:
through skill development, income-generating 1. Universal Care Services: To address gender and
initiatives, and more. class disparities, ensure that professional care services
• To enhance socio-economic development indicators are accessible to all households, either through publicly
by providing necessary infrastructure and essential funded or state-subsidized private
services in SC-dominated villages. services.
2. Work-Life Balance in the Job Market: Implement
• The Scheme has three components:
measures for a fairer distribution of care responsibilities
1. Development of SC dominated villages into an between genders, like parental
“Adarsh Gram”: It aims to ensure integrated
leave and reduced work hours.
development of SC majority villages so that they
3. Alleviate Rural Unpaid Work: Reduce the extra care
have adequate infrastructure.
giving burden on women and girls in rural areas
2. Grants-in-aid’ for District/State-level Projects: It by improving infrastructure to save time spent on
offers financial support for district or state-level tasks like fetching water, farming and cooking.
projects with the aim to improve the socio-economic
4. New Economic Policies: Support these measures
conditions of SC communities. This may include with macroeconomic policies that generate jobs,
the construction of infrastructure in SC-dominated allocate resources for care services, invest in rural
villages, including those chosen under the Adarsh infrastructure and ensure effective regulations to
Gram component as well as the establishment of make these changes a reality.
hostels and residential schools.

3. Construction of Hostels in higher educational

World Energy Outlook 2023
institutions
which are top-ranked as per the
• Context: The International Energy Agency (IEA) has
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) of
released the World Energy Outlook 2023.
Government of India and are funded by the
Centre/State/UT Governments either fully or
partially. schools which are either fully or partially Key Highlights:
funded by the Centre/State/UT Governments and • World Energy Outlook 2023 released by International
recommended by the Ministry of Education. Energy Agency (IEA) to provide in-depth analysis and
strategic insights into every aspect of the global
energy system.
27th OCTOBER, 2023 • Fossil fuel share in the global energy supply is
projected to reduce from around 80% to 73% by
Purple Economy 2030.
• Context: Shanti Raghavan is the recipient of the • Investment in clean energy has risen by 40% since
Business Line Change makers Award in 2020. She leads 2020.
an organization called EnAble India. It is
• India is expected to have the highest growth in
working on creating a purple economy.
energy demand over the next three decades.
 PrepBee.in
8 Week-4 22nd October - 31st October Crack GDPI like a GOD

•2 by
But India’s industrial sector will emit 30% less CO • But the government amended the surrogacy act in
2030 and passenger cars will emit 25% less CO 2023 which banned the use of donor gametes. It
2 per required “intending couples” to use their own gametes
kilometer driven.
for surrogacy. Against this, a petition was filed in
• This is due to the government policies in addressing the Supreme Court arguing that the amendment violated
climate commitments through increased efficiency a woman’s right to parenthood.
and new technologies.
• The petitioner argued that the amendment
• Initiatives taken by India to reduce carbon contradicted Surrogacy Act, 2021 which recognised
emissions: the situation when a medical condition would require
1. International Solar Alliance (ISA): Launched in a couple to opt for gestational surrogacy in order to
2015, become parents.
it’s an alliance of the “sunshine countries” with an • However, the government argued that surrogacy could
objective of efficient utilization of solar energy. only be availed if the child was “genetically
It is based on the vision of
related” to the intending couple.
building and scaling inter-regional energy grids to
• The Supreme Court found the amendment contrary to
share solar energy across the globe.
the main provisions of the Surrogacy Act.
3. Accelerating e-mobility transition
with the Faster
• The court said that the Surrogacy Act recognizes
Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric
medical conditions necessitating gestational
Vehicles Scheme.
surrogacy and the amendment cannot contradict
4. Mission LiFE is a global mass movement
led by India
this.
that aims to encourage individual and collective
action to protect and preserve the environment.
5. Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT): 28th OCTOBER, 2023
It is a business-led initiative that encourages
companies to adopt low-carbon business practices Universal Basic Income
and technologies • Context: Recently, localized experiments with
Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser universal basic income (UBI) have yielded mostly

(MRKH) syndrome positive results across states, reinforcing calls for

social policy.
• Context: The Supreme Court has allowed a woman
with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH)
Syndrome to undergo surrogacy using a donor egg. Key Highlights:
• UBI is a social welfare policy in which all beneficiaries
Key Highlights: receive a guaranteed income in the form of an
• Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome is unconditional transfer payment on a regular basis.
a rare congenital disorder that affects the female • The goal of UBI is to ensure that every citizen has
reproductive system. This condition is characterized a minimum level of income to cover basic needs
by an underdeveloped vagina and uterus. like food, shelter, and healthcare, thereby reducing
• The woman suffers from Mayer Rokitansky Kuster poverty and economic inequality.
Hauser syndrome. Medical records confirm her • It is designed to simplify social welfare systems by
inability to produce eggs or have a uterus. Due to replacing or consolidating various targeted social
this, the couple began the gestational surrogacy programs, which can be complex and administratively
process. burdensome.
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Crack GDPI like a GOD 22nd October - 31st October Week-4 9
• A UBI support programme has five accepted Sea. The job of the telescope is to detect “ghost
principles: unconditional support; periodic payments particles” also known as neutrinos.
as opposed to lump sum transfers; direct cash transfer
instead of coupons or cash equivalents; and Key Highlights:
individual beneficiaries rather than households. • Neutrinos are tiny subatomic particles. They are often
called ‘ghost particles’ because they barely interact
India-Middle East-Europe Economic with anything else.

Corridor • Neutrinos do not carry an electric charge which

means they are not affected by electromagnetic
• Context: The US President has said that the ambitious
forces. This allows them to pass through matter
India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor is one
including most atoms, with minimal interaction.
of the reasons for Hamas terrorist attack on Israel.
• Neutrinos have a mass much smaller than other
fundamental particles like electrons or quarks.
Key Highlights: • Neutrinos’ weak charge have made them difficult to
• The corridor will encourage and provide impetus to observe. They can only be seen when they interact
economic development through enhanced connectivity with other particles.
and economic integration between Asia, West Asia, the
• Neutrinos will help solve a number of scientific
Middle East and Europe.
mysteries like the origin of the cosmic rays which are
• During the Delhi G20 Summit, India, USA, UAE, Saudi known to contain neutrinos.
Arabia, France, Germany, Italy and the European
• Neutrinos are essential for understanding the origins
Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
of our universe
to establish the India-Middle East-Europe Economic
Corridor.
• The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor will Dark Pattern practices
consist of two separate corridors, the East corridor • Context: The Consumer Affairs Secretary has said
connecting India to West Asia/Middle East and the that the dark patterns practices carried out by airlines
Northern corridor connecting West Asia/Middle East to and travel portals can be called a “cybercrime.”
Europe.
• The project would involve the building of a railway Key Highlights:
line across the Arabian Peninsula through the United • A dark pattern refers to a design or user interface
Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia and develop shipping technique that is intentionally created to manipulate
connectivity to India and Europe on either end of this or deceive users into making certain choices or taking
corridor. specific actions that may not be in their best
• The corridor could be further developed to transport interest.
energy through pipelines and data through an optical • It is a deceptive practice employed to influence
fiber link. user behavior in a way that benefits the company
implementing it.
• Airlines uses false urgency to make customers feel
29th OCTOBER, 2023 they must pay an extra fee for a seat as all free seats
appear unavailable.
Ghost Particles or Neutrinos • Even if there are four or five available free seats, they
• Context: China is building the world’s largest are displayed at the bottom of the page making them
telescope called “Trident” below the South China harder to find.
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10 Week-4 22nd October - 31st October Crack GDPI like a GOD

• Passengers can click “skip” at the end of the seat • Amazon basin is the largest tropical forest on the
selection but they aren’t clearly told that they’ll be planet.
automatically assigned a free seat if they don’t pay It extends over 9 countries in South America: Brazil,
the extra fee. Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, French
• It encourages passengers to buy travel insurance by Guiana, Suriname and the Republic of Guyana.
using phrases like “I will risk my trip” if they decide • Borneo-Mekong-Southeast Asia Basin is the world’s
not to make the purchase. third largest carbon sink. It is composed of two sub-
• This creates a sense of fear suggesting that not getting regions, the island of Borneo and the Mekong River.
the insurance could be risky or harmful for the The Mekong River is one of the largest rivers in the
trip. world. It crosses six countries: China, Myanmar,
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Borneo is the
Parliamentary Committee recommendations: fourth largest island in the world. It is divided between
Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia.
• Airlines must display seat-wise airfares to ensure
transparency.
• Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) should Manual Scavenging
ensure proper implementation of the Aircraft Rules,
• Context: The Supreme Court has directed the Union
1934 to ensure that airlines earn only a reasonable
and state governments to ensure the complete
profit while pricing their tickets.
eradication of manual scavenging.
• Effective mechanism should be there to address
consumer grievances in a time-bound manner.
Key Highlights:
• Manual scavenging refers to the practice of manually
30th OCTOBER, 2023 cleaning, handling, and disposing of human excreta and
other waste materials from dry latrines, open
Brazzaville Declaration drains and sewers.
• Context: A Summit of Three basins is going to be held • In India, manual scavenging has been officially
at Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. banned since 1993.
• Over the past five years, 347 people have lost their
Key Highlights: lives while cleaning sewers and septic tanks in India.
• Brazzaville Declaration Signed in 2018 by Democratic Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Delhi accounted for
Republic of Congo (DRC), the Republic of Congo and
40% of these deaths.
Indonesia to protect the Cuvette Centrale region
in the Congo Basin, the world’s largest tropical
peatlands, from unregulated land use and prevent its Directives issued by the Supreme Court on
drainage and degradation. Manual Scavenging:
• Provide compensation of Rs 30 lakh to the families of
Three basins are: individuals who lose their lives while cleaning sewers.
• Congo Basin is the second-largest tropical forest in the • Those who suffer permanent disabilities during such
world in terms of area. It spans across six countries— work should receive a minimum compensation of Rs
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic 20 lakh and
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the • Those with other disabilities caused by sewer cleaning
Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. should receive Rs 10 lakh as compensation.
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• Climate targets for 2030 also known as NDCs for

31st OCTOBER, 2023 developed countries represent a 36 per cent
reduction in emissions compared to 2019.
Exercise KAZIND-2023 • This falls short of the 43 per cent reduction needed
• Context: Indian Army and Indian Air Force contingent on the global average to limit warming to 1.5°C.
departed for Kazakhstan to take part in the 7th edition • Moreover, developed countries are projected to emit
of Joint Military ‘Exercise KAZIND-2023’. 38% more carbon by 2030 than their commitments
suggest.
Key Highlights: • Around 83% of this overshoot in emissions will
• The Joint Exercise between India and Kazakhstan was be
instituted as ‘Exercise PRABAL DOSTYK’ in 2016. After caused by the U.S, Russia and European Union.
the second edition, the Exercise was upgraded to a • Only two Parties to the Paris Agreement, Belarus and
company-level exercise and renamed Norway are projected to meet their 2030 NDCs.
as ‘Exercise KAZIND’. • To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, developed
• The Exercise has been further upgraded as a Bi- nations aim to significantly ramp up emission
service Exercise this year by including the Air Force reductions post-2030.
component. • However, even if they achieve net-zero by 2050, they
• In this edition of the Exercise, both sides will practice are projected to consume a significant portion,
conduct of Counter Terrorism operations in a sub- around 40-50%, of the remaining carbon budget.
conventional environment under United Nations
mandate. 5G and 6G Technology
• It will provide an opportunity for both sides to gain • Context: The Department of Science and Technology
insight into the tactics, battle drills, and procedures (DST) Secretary has said that India has the potential
of each other, which is a prerequisite while operating to lead in 6G standardization by leveraging its
under the ambit of the United Nations. indigenous 5G technology.

Developed Countries Emission Key Highlights:

Trajectories • 5G provides speeds up to several gigabits per second
• Context: A Delhi-based think tank Council for Energy (Gbps) whereas 6G expected to offer speed
Environment and Water (CEEW) has published in the terabits per second (Tbps) range.
a study titled “Revealing Developed Countries’ • 5G utilizes technologies like massive MIMO,
Emission Trajectories”. beamforming and network slicing whereas 6G predicted
to integrate technologies such as AI-driven networks,
Key Highlights: advanced beamforming and quantum cryptography.
• Between 1990 and 2020, developed countries • 5G enables advancements in Internet of Things
managed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by (IoT), autonomous vehicles, AR/VR and smart cities
20% aligning with their collective target. whereas 6G expected to support more advanced
• However, a substantial part of this reduction occurred applications such as holographic communications,
due to events like the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 real-time AI and more sophisticated IoT.
and changes during the mid-1990s when former • 5G currently being deployed globally, with ongoing
Soviet countries transitioned to market economies. expansion and 6G expected to start commercial
• Developed countries are responsible for three-fourths deployment around the late 2020s to 2030 and
of current carbon emissions. beyond.
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