BMMT110 – A Level Mathematics 1

Topic 1B Notes: Algebra

This is an extract from the Edexcel S1 book. Go through and fully understand everything

A summary of key points is attached at the end!

After completing this topic, you should be able to:

1. simplify expressions and collect like terms,

2. apply the rules of indices,

3. multiply out brackets, and factorise expressions including quadratics,

4. solve a quadratic equation using factorisation, completing the square, quadratic formula,

5. solve simultaneous equations by elimination and by substitution,

6. solve linear and quadratic inequalities,

7. know the shape of the graph of y = ax ,

8. write an expression in logarithmic form, and use the laws of logarithms,

9. solve equations of the form ax = b,

10. change the base of a logarithm.

1
Chapter 1 Answers
Exercise 1A Exercise 1F
1 7x  y 2 10t  2r 1 a x5 b x2 c x4
3 8m  n  7p 4 3a  2ac  4ab d x3 1 e x5 f 12x0  12
5 6 x2 6 2m2n  3mn2 g

3x 2 h 5x i 6x1
7 2 x2  6 x  8 8 9 x2  2 x  1
2 a 5 b 9 c 3 d 116
9 6x2  12x  10 10 10c2d  8cd2
e 13 f 1 g 1 h 6
11 8x2  3x  13 12 a2b  2a 125
125
9
i  j  k 5 l 6449
13 3x2  14x  19 14 8x2  9x  13 64 4 6

15 a 4 b  14c 16 9d2  2c
17 20  6x 18 13  r2
Exercise 1G
1 27 2 
62 3 52
Exercise 1B 4 42 5 
310 6 3

1 x7 2 6 x5 3 2p2 7 3
 8 
65 9 72
4 3x2 5 k5 6 y10 10 127  11 37 12 95
7 5 x8 8 p2 9 2a3
13 235  14 2 15 193 
10 2p7 11 6a9 12 3a2b2
13 27x8 14 24x11 15 63a12
16 32y6 17 4a6 18 6a12
Exercise 1H
5 1 1
1  2 
Exercise 1C 5 11
1 9x  18 2 x2  9 x 2 5
3  4 
3 12y  9y2 4 xy  5x 2 5
5 3x2  5x 6 20x2  5x 5 1

2 6 1

4
7 4 x2  5 x 8 15y  6y3
13
9 10x2  8x 10 3 x3  5 x2 7  8 1
3
11 4x  1 12 2x  4 13
13 3 x3  2 x2  5 x 14 14y2  35y3  21y4 1  3 2  5

9  10 
15 10y2  14y3  6y4 16 4x  10 2 1
17 11x  6 18 7 x2  3 x  7 3  7
11  12 3  5

19 2x2  26x 20 9x3  23x2 2
5  3 (3  2
)(4  5
)
13  14 
2 11
Exercise 1D 5(2  5 )
1 4(x  2) 2 6(x  4) 15  16 5(4  14
)
1
3 5(4x  3) 4 2(x2  2)
11(3  11) 5  21

5 4(x2  5) 6 6x(x  3) 17  18 
7 x(x  7) 8 2x(x  2) 2 2
9 x(3x  1) 10 2x(3x  1) 14  187
 35  1189

19  20 
11 5y(2y  1) 12 7x(5x  4) 3 6
13 x(x  2) 14 y(3y  2) 21 1
15 4x(x  3) 16 5y(y  4)
17 3xy(3y  4x) 18 2ab(3  b)
19 5x(x  5y) 20 4xy(3x  2y) Mixed exercise 1I
21 5y(3  4z2) 22 6(2x2  5) 1 a y8 b 6 x7 c 32x d 12b9
23 xy(y  x) 24 4y(3y  x) 2 a 15y  12 b 15x2  25x3  10x4
c 16x2  13x d 9 x3  3 x2  4 x
3 a x(3x  4) b 2y(2y  5)
Exercise 1E c x(x  y  y2) d 2xy(4y  5x)
1 x(x  4) 2 2x(x  3) 4 a (x  1)(x  2) b 3x(x  2)
3 (x  8)(x  3) 4 (x  6)(x  2) c (x  7)(x  5) d (2x  3)(x  1)
5 (x  8)(x  5) 6 (x  6)(x  2) e (5x  2)(x  3) f (1  x)(6  x) 1
7 (x  2)(x  3) 8 (x  6)(x  4) 5 a 3 x6 b 2 c 6 x2

d 12 x 3
9 (x  5)(x  2) 10 (x  5)(x  4) 6 a 4

9 b 3 37
5
4913
11 (2x  1)(x  2) 12 (3x  2)(x  4)
7
13 (5x  1)(x  3) 14 2(3x  2)(x  2) 7 a  
b 45
15 (2x  3)(x  5) 16 2(x2  3)(x2  4) 7
17 (x  2)(x  2) 18 (x  7)(x  7) 3
8 a  b 2
1
19 (2x  5)(2x  5) 20 (3x  5y)(3x  5y) 3
21 4(3x  1)(3x  1) 22 2(x  5)(x  5) 30  851

c 33
6 d 
23 2(3x  2)(x  1) 24 3(5x  1)(x  3) 7
Chapter 2 Answers
Exercise 2A 5
y
1 y 28
14
24
12
20
10
16
8
12
6
8
4
4
2
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x x1
2
4
x0

2 y
22 6 y
18 30
14
10 20
6
2 10

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
x0 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x

10
x  112
3 y
8
6
4
2
7 y
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
40
x0

30

4 y 20

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
4 10
8
12
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
16
10
x0 x   34
 Chapter 2 Answers

3 29  3
8
y 5 x     6 x  1  2

2 2 2
20 1 1  29
7 x     8 No real roots
8 8
3 39 4 26 
15 9 x     10 x    
2 2 5 5

10
Exercise 2E
3  5

5 1 , 0.38 or 2.62
2
3  17

2 , 0.56 or 3.56
2
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
3 3  3
, 1.27 or 4.73
5
5  33

4 , 5.37 or 0.37
2
x  1
5  31
5 , 3.52 or 0.19
9 y 3
80 1  2
6 , 1.21 or 0.21
2
70
9  53
60 7 , 0.12 or 1.16
14
50 2  19
8 , 0.47 or 1.27
40 5
1
30 9 2 or  
4
20 1  78
10 , 0.71 or 0.89
10 11

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1 Exercise 2F
x 2
1 a y
Exercise 2B
1 x  0 or x  4 2 x  0 or x  25 (0, 2)
3 x  0 or x  2 4 x  0 or x  6
5 x  1 or x  2 6 x  1 or x  4
7 x  5 or x  2 8 x  3 or x  2 (2, 0) x
9 x  3 or x  5 10 x  4 or x  5 (1, 0) 0
11 x  6 or x  1 12 x  6 or x  2
13 x  12 or x  3 14 x  13 or x  32
b y
15 x  23 or x  32 16 x  32 or x  52
17 x  13 or x  2 18 x  3 or x  0
19 x  13 or x  1 20 x  2 or x  2


5
21 x    22 x  3  13
 (0, 10)
3
1  11 
23 x   24 x  1 or x  76
3
25 x  12 or x  73 26 x  0 or x  161 0 x

Exercise 2C
1 (x  2)2  4 2 (x  3)2  9 c y
3 (x  8)2  64 4 (x  12)2  14
5 (x  7)2  49 6 2(x  4)2  32
7 3(x  4)2  48 8 2(x  1)2  2
9 5(x  2)2  20 10 2(x  54)2  285
11 3(x  32)2  247 12 3(x  16)2  112
(5, 0) 0 (3, 0) x
Exercise 2D
1 x  3  22 2 x  6  33

(0, 15)
3 x  5  30
 4 x  2  6

 Chapter 2 Answers

d y j y

(0, 4)
(0, 3) (4, 0) (12 , 0)
(3, 0) 0
( 12 , 0) x 0 x

e y 2 4

3 4
( 32 , 0) (1, 0)
0 x
Mixed exercise 2G
1 a
(0, 3) y
20
16
f y 12
8
4
(0, 10)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 x
0 4
( 23 , 0) ( 52 , 0) x x  3
b
y
12
g y 8
4
(1, 0) 0 ( 5 , 0) x
3
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
4
8
(0, 5) 12
x  34

h 2 a y  1 or 2 b x  23 or 5
y
5  7

c x  15 or 3 d 
2
5  17

3 a , 0.44 or 4.56
(0, 0) 0 ( 13, 0) x 2
3
b 2  7
, 4.65 or 0.65

3  29

c , 0.24 or 0.84
10
5  73

i y d , 2.25 or 0.59
6

4 a y
(0, 7)

(0, 4)
(1, 0) (7, 0)
0 x (1, 0)
(4, 0) 0 x
 Chapter 2 Answers

b y d y

(1, 0)
( 32 , 0) 0 x
(0, 0)
0 (7 12 , 0) x
(0, 3)

c y
5 a p  3, q  2, r  7

3
7
(0, 6) b 2 

(3, 0) ( 12 , 0) 6 1  13

0 x
7 x  5 or x  4
Chapter 3 Answers
Exercise 3A Mixed exercise 3F
1 x  4, y  2 2 x  1, y  3 1 x  4, y  312
3 x  2, y  2 4 x  412, y  3 2 (3, 1) and (215, 135)
5 x  23, y  2 6 x  3, y  3 3 b x  4, y  3 and x  223, y  13
4 x  112, y  214 and x  4, y  12
5 a x  1012 b x  2, x  7
Exercise 3B 6 3x4
1 x  5, y  2 2 x  512, y  6 7 a x  5, x  4 b x  5, x  4
3 x  1, y  4 4 x  134, y  14 8 a x  212
b 12  x  5
c 12  x  212
Exercise 3C 9 k 315
1 a x  5, y  6 or x  6, y  5 10 x  0, x  1
b x  0, y  1 or x  45, y  35 11 a 1 13  b x  1  13
, x  1  13

c x  1, y  3 or x  1, y  3 12 a x  4, x  9 b y  3, y  3
d x  412, y  412 or x  6, y  3 13 a 2x  2(x  5)  32 b x(x 5)  104
e a  1, b  5 or a  3, b  1 c 1012  x  13
f u  112, v  4 or u  2, v  3
2 (11, 15) and (3, 1)
3 (116, 412) and (2, 5)
4 a x  112, y  534 or x  3, y  1
b x  3, y  12 or x  613, y  256
5 a x  3  13 , y  3  13  or x  3  13
,
y  3  13 
b x  2  35 , y  3  25  or x  2  35
,
y  3  25 

Exercise 3D
1 a x4 b x7 c x  212
d x 3 e x  11 f x  235
g x  12 h x1 i x 8
j x  117
2 a x3 b x1 c x 314
d x  18 e x3 f x  425
g x4 h x  7 i x 12
j x  34
3 a x  212 b 2x4 c 212  x  3
d No values e x4

Exercise 3E
1 a 3x8 b 4  x  3
c x  2, x  5 d x 4, x  3
e 12  x  7 f x  2, x  212
1
g 
2 x 112 h x  13, x  2
i 3  x  3 j x  212, x  23
k x  0, x  5 l 112 x 0
2 a 5  x  2 b x  1, x  1
1
c 2x1
 d 3  x  14
3 a 2x4 b x3
c 14  x  0 d No values
e 5  x  3, x  4 f 1  x  1, 2  x  3
4 a 2  k  6 b 8  p  0
Chapter 3 Answers
Exercise 3A 3 a 3 loga x  4 loga y  logaz
1 a b 5 loga x  2 loga y
y y (1.7)x
c 2  2 loga x
4 d loga x  12 loga y  loga z
y4 1 1
2  2 loga x
e  
3
2
Exercise 3E
1
1 a 6.23 b 2.10 c 0.431 d 1.66
e 3.22 f 1.31 g 3.24 h 0.0617
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x i 1.42 j 0.542
2.6 2 a 0, 2.32 b 1.26, 2.18 c 1.21
b x  2.6 d 0.631 e 0.565, 0.712 f x0
g x2 h x  1
2 a y  (0.6)x
y
4 Exercise 3F
3 1 a 2.460 b 3.465 c 4.248
y2 d 0.458 e 0.774
2 2 a 1.27 b 2.09 c 0.721
1 3 a 12, 512 b 116, 14 c 2.52

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x Mixed exercise 3G
1.4 1 x  1, x  0
2 a 2 loga p  loga q b loga p  4, loga q  1
b x  1.4 1p 3p
3 a 4 b 4 1
3 y 4 a 9 b 12 c 1, 9
9
4 5 b 2.32
3 6 x  232, y  2141
1

2 7 3, 9
y  1x 8 13, 2
1 9 (4, 16) or (16, 4)
3 3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x 11 b x   , y  
4 2
12 b  14,  32 d 0.585

Exercise 3B
1 a log4 256  4 b log3 (19)  2
c log10 1 000 000  6 d log11 11  1
e log0.2 0.008  3
2 a 24  16 b 52  25
1
c 9 3
2 d 51  0.2
e 105  100 000
3 a 3 b 2 c 7 d 1 e 6
1
f 
2 g 1 h 2 i 10 j 2
4 a 625 b 9 c 7 d 2

Exercise 3C
1 1.30 2 0.602
3 3.85 4 0.105
5 1.04 6 1.55
7 0.523 8 3.00

Exercise 3D
1 a log2 21 b log2 9 c log5 80
d log6 (6841) e log10 120
2 a log28  3 b log6 36  2 c log12 144  2
d log8 2  13 e log10 10  1