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Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 494

Songlin Sun Editor

Signal and Information

Processing, Networking
and Computers
Proceedings of the 4th International
Conference on Signal and Information
Processing, Networking and Computers
(ICSINC)
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Volume 494

Board of Series editors

Leopoldo Angrisani, Napoli, Italy
Marco Arteaga, Coyoacán, México
Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi, New Delhi, India
Samarjit Chakraborty, München, Germany
Jiming Chen, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Shanben Chen, Shanghai, China
Tan Kay Chen, Singapore, Singapore
Ruediger Dillmann, Karlsruhe, Germany
Haibin Duan, Beijing, China
Gianluigi Ferrari, Parma, Italy
Manuel Ferre, Madrid, Spain
Sandra Hirche, München, Germany
Faryar Jabbari, Irvine, USA
Limin Jia, Beijing, China
Janusz Kacprzyk, Warsaw, Poland
Alaa Khamis, New Cairo City, Egypt
Torsten Kroeger, Stanford, USA
Qilian Liang, Arlington, USA
Tan Cher Ming, Singapore, Singapore
Wolfgang Minker, Ulm, Germany
Pradeep Misra, Dayton, USA
Sebastian Möller, Berlin, Germany
Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Cun-Zheng Ning, Tempe, USA
Toyoaki Nishida, Kyoto, Japan
Federica Pascucci, Roma, Italy
Yong Qin, Beijing, China
Gan Woon Seng, Singapore, Singapore
Germano Veiga, Porto, Portugal
Haitao Wu, Beijing, China
Junjie James Zhang, Charlotte, USA
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering (LNEE) is a book series which reports the
latest research and developments in Electrical Engineering, namely:

• Communication, Networks, and Information Theory

• Computer Engineering
• Signal, Image, Speech and Information Processing
• Circuits and Systems
• Bioengineering
• Engineering.

The audience for the books in LNEE consists of advanced level students,
researchers, and industry professionals working at the forefront of their fields. Much
like Springer’s other Lecture Notes series, LNEE will be distributed through
Springer’s print and electronic publishing channels.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7818

Songlin Sun
Editor

Signal and Information

Processing, Networking
and Computers
Proceedings of the 4th International
Conference on Signal and Information
Processing, Networking and Computers
(ICSINC)

123
Editor
Songlin Sun
School of Information and Communication
Engineering
Beijing University of Posts
and Telecommunications
Beijing, China

ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
ISBN 978-981-13-1732-3 ISBN 978-981-13-1733-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1733-0

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018956814

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Preface

The 4th International Conference on Signal and Information Processing,

Networking and Computers (ICSINC 2018 Spring) provided a forum for
researchers, engineers, and industry experts to discuss recent development, new
ideas, and breakthrough in signal and information processing schemes, computer
theory, space technologies, big data, and so on.
We were honored to have the keynote speakers invited to present their out-
standing achievements and understanding on the following topics: Development on
the communication system of satellite, real-time transmission of high-definition
video, and the trend of industrial Internet.
ICSINC 2018 Spring received 72 papers submitted by authors. 36 papers were
accepted, and finally, 36 papers were included in the final conference proceedings.
The accepted papers were presented and discussed in seven regular technical ses-
sions and one workshop.
On behalf of the ICSINC 2018 Spring committee, we would like to express our
sincere appreciation to the TPC members and reviewers for their tremendous
efforts. Especially, we appreciate all the sponsors for their generous support and
advice, including Springer, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China Unicom Network Technology Research Institute, HuaCeXinTong. Finally,
we would also like to thank all the authors and participants for their excellent work
and cooperation.

Xinzhou Cheng
Yue Wang
ICSINC 2018 Spring General Chairs

v
Organization

Committee Members

International Steering Committee

Songlin Sun Beijing University of Posts

and Telecommunications, China
Takeo Fujii University of Electro-Communications, Japan
Ju Liu ShanDong University, China
Chenwei Wang DOCOMO Innovations (DoCoMo USA Labs),
USA

General Chairs

Xinzhou Cheng China Unicom Network Technology Research

Institute, China
Yue Wang Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System
Engineering, China

Technical Program Committee Chairs

Na Chen Beijing University of Posts and

Telecommunications, China
Lexi Xu China Unicom Network Technology Research
Institute, China

vii
viii Organization

Organizing Committee Chair

Qiang Liu Beijing University of Posts

and Telecommunications, China

General Secretary

Meixia Fu Beijing University of Posts

and Telecommunications, China
Organization ix

Sponsors

Springer

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

China Unicom

HuaCeXinTong
Contents

Wireless Communication Systems

A Multidimensional Feature Extraction Method Based
on Android Malware Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Fei Xue, Siqing You, Zhaoqun Qi, and Hongjie Liu
Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Based on Hierarchical
Merkle Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Siqing You, Fei Xue, Zhaoqun Qi, and Hongjie Liu
An Improved Covariance Spectrum Sensing Algorithm Establish
on AD Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Yaqin Chen, Xiaojun Jing, Junsheng Mu, and Jia Li
An Innovative Pilot Assignment Technique for Pilot Contamination
Suppression in TDD Massive MIMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Yasir Ullah, Songlin Sun, Na Chen, Amr Abdussalam, Meixia Fu,
and Irfanullah Khan

Algorithms Optimization and Implementation

Real-Time Vehicle License Plate Recognition Using Deep Learning . . . . 35
Meixia Fu, Na Chen, Xiaoying Hou, Heng Sun, Amr Abdussalam,
and Songlin Sun
License Plate Recognition System Based on Transfer Learning . . . . . . . 42
Zhen Zeng, Pan Gao, and Songlin Sun
Segmentation-Free Vehicle License Plate Recognition Using CNN . . . . . 50
Pan Gao, Zhen Zeng, and Songlin Sun
License Plate Segmentation Method Using Deep
Learning Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Amr Abdussalam, Songlin Sun, Meixia Fu, Heng Sun,
and Irfanullah Khan

xi
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xii Contents

License Plate Detection and Recognition Based on the YOLO Detector

and CRNN-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Heng Sun, Meixia Fu, Amr Abdussalam, Zhongjie Huang, Songlin Sun,
and Wenbo Wang
Recognition of Vehicle-Logo Based on Faster-RCNN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Zhongjie Huang, Meixia Fu, Kaili Ni, Heng Sun, and Songlin Sun

Satellites and Remote Sensing

Research on a Component-Based Universal Spacecraft Telemetry
System Design Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Yahang Zhang, Junhui Yu, and Jun Yuan
Design and Verification of Attitude and Orbit Control System Based
on Integrated Electronic Technology for Micro-small Satellite . . . . . . . . 95
Wenlan Tang
Design of OBDH Software Test Platform Based on QEMU . . . . . . . . . . 102
Yongquan Wei, Jianbing Zhu, Hongjun Zhang, and Zhenhui Dong
Study of High-Speed Serial Data Transmission of High-Resolution
Remote Sensing Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Yong-chang Li, Jun Zhu, Qi-peng Cao, Huan Yin, and Long-xu Jin
Reduced-Dynamic EKF-Based GPS+BDS Real-Time
Orbit Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Yang Jiang, Shujie Ma, Yue Wang, and Wen Zhao
Application of Satellite Interference Imaging Technology
in Building Safety Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Xu Hao, Bang-guo Hu, Tan Kun, Hou Wei, and Kong Peng
Precision Temperature Measurement Method for Spacecraft
Based on Reference Resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Yelong Tong, Xin Zhao, Leifu Ye, Yifan Li, Yupeng Zhou,
and Wenzhu Lin
Pointing Coordinate System Error Correction Method for Integration
of Laser Communication Terminal into Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Qiong Ling, Linna Ni, and Pengzhen Guo
The On Board Data Analysis About the Open Flag Current of Digital
Sun Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Yibing Li and Yuan Zhao
Dynamic Optimal Simulation and Analysis of the Load Chassis
of Fly-Around Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Jiaguo Zu and Beibei Wu
Contents xiii

Simulation Study of DSP’s Total Dose Resistance Circuit

Based on Step by Step Analysis Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Lijia Fan, Xiaoxi Li, and Xin Zhang
The Angular Momentum Management Method Based on CMGs
for the Fast Maneuvering Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Qi Zhu, Yongjun Lei, Ning Yao, and Mingyu Xie

Big Data Workshop

Analysis of LTE FDD Band 8 Terminal in LTE Network . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Jiajun Li, Yi Feng, Yiqun Li, and Meng Li
Discussion About the Application of Big Data in Information
Management System of Disease Control and Prevention Laboratory
in Guizhou Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Hua Guo, Quan Zhang, Bowen Gong, Yibing Zhou, Dong An,
Kuitong Xian, and Xu Mao
A Novel Algorithm of Geographical Portraits Based
on Telecommunication Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Yuhui Han, Xinzhou Cheng, Meng Ran, Lexi Xu, Chen Cheng,
and Jie Gao
A Novel Architecture and Machine Learning Algorithm
for the Prediction of User Equipment Replacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Changbo Zhu, Xinzhou Cheng, and Chen Cheng
Using Massive Mobile Signaling to Monitor the Highway Traffic . . . . . 221
Hongrun Gang, Li Fu, Chenghua Liu, and Zhigang Shen
Data Quality Management and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Xu Mao, Bowen Gong, Fei Su, Kaicheng Xu, Kuitong Xian, Donghua Liu,
and Hua Guo
User Perception Aware Telecom Data Mining and Network
Management for LTE/LTE-Advanced Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Lexi Xu, Xueqing Zhao, Yuting Luan, Baisong Ren, Xinzhou Cheng,
Yuhui Han, Fan Zhang, and Jie Gao
High-Speed Railway Mobile Communication Network Optimization
Based on Big Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Zhiqiang Chen, Jiajia Zhu, and Liang Liu
An Optimization and Effect Evaluation Scheme of Antenna Feeder
Parameters in LTE System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Yuan Fang, Yang Zhang, Ao Shen, Jinhu Shen, Guozhi Wang, Jimin Ling,
Zetao Xu, Pengcheng Liu, Bao Guo, Xiaochun Hu, and Tao Xie
xiv Contents

Centralization and Collaboration in 5G Ultra-dense

Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Ao Shen, Bao Guo, Yang Zhang, Yi Liu, Peng Cheng Liu, Ze Tao Xu,
Xiao Chun Hu, and Ji Xiang Liu
Research on Radio Network Value Based on Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Jin Hu Shen, Yi Liu, Tao Xiao, Bao Guo, Yang Zhang, Yuan Fang,
and Yu Xi Han
Using the Double Deck Technology to Improve Spectrum
Utilization and Achieve LTE Spread Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Zhong Guijun, Huang Jiucheng, and Zhiqiang Lv
Neighbor Cell List Optimization of LTE Based on MR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Zhiqiang Lv, Saibin Yao, Ling Li, Yongjia Qi, Chen Liu, Tongjie Li,
and Li Xu
The Method of Interference Recognition in Mobile
Communication Network Based on Deep Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Ao Shen, Yi Liu, Yang Zhang, Bao Guo, Ze Tao Xu, Jin Hu Shen,
and Yuan Fang
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Wireless Communication Systems
 A Multidimensional Feature Extraction Method
Based on Android Malware Detection

Fei Xue1,2, Siqing You1 ✉ , Zhaoqun Qi2, and Hongjie Liu2

( )

1
School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, China
[email protected], [email protected]
2
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Abstract. Due to its unique open source Android system has become a leader
in the field of smart phones, allowing researchers to conduct a multi-angle study
of the Android system. However, Android system has become malicious code
attacks preferred target because of its open source features. For the existing
detection scheme in terms of feature extraction due to the selection of too few
types of features, the selected features contribute little to the classification accu‐
racy of the classifier is not high and so on. This paper proposes a combination of
dynamic and static multidimensional mixed feature extraction scheme, compared
with the extraction scheme which only analyzes the authority and the function
call, this paper extracts twelve types of features, which reflect the behavior of
Android application from multiple perspectives and improve the comprehensive‐
ness of feature extraction.

Keywords: Malware detection · Android · Feature extraction

1 Introduction

With the development of mobile Internet, the payment methods of users have also
undergone tremendous changes. The payment methods have shifted from traditional
cash, bank cards, and credit cards and so on to mobile payment. With the promotion of
two-dimensional code technology, only need mobile phone users to complete the vast
majority of payments. However, while enjoying the convenience of mobile payment,
people unconsciously deposit more and more personal information on the mobile phone.
According to statistics, a total of 34.44 million Android devices were infected with
mobile payment virus during the year, accounting for 2.39% of the total virus package.
These viruses are mainly characterized by malicious deductions and privacy access, by
secretly sending CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell
Computers and Humans Apart) information on the user’s funds caused huge losses, a
serious threat to the user’s privacy and financial security.
At present, there are mainly two methods for detecting whether the Android software
is malware: static analysis or dynamic analysis. Static analysis refers to a method of
using the Android software extracted by reverse engineering [1] to infer the software
category to be tested without running the software, mainly involving semantic analysis
and feature analysis [2]. Dynamic analysis mainly through the observation of the

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

S. Sun (Ed.): ICSINC 2018, LNEE 494, pp. 3–8, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1733-0_1
4 F. Xue et al.

software running in the virtual machine behavior to distinguish whether the malicious
software [10].

2 Related Work

Feature analysis primarily identifies malicious applications by matching features in the

malicious sample feature library [3]. Qin [4] and others compare the rights of the soft‐
ware to be tested with those of the feature library, and once the matching is successful,
the software is defined as malware. Wu [5] further found that the package name of the
application has non-repeatability; experiments show that adding the package name to
the signature database can further improve the detection accuracy of malware. Semantic
analysis primarily distinguishes malware by finding potential relationships between
features. Qiao [6] and others put forward the framework of CBM, and the algorithm
extracts the sequence of API calls of Android software as the analytical standard to make
up for the deficiency based on permission detection. Stowaway [7] based on this use of
Android application permissions and API calls to detect the correlation between mali‐
cious software. Desnos [8] and others further proposed to detect malware by calculating
the standard compression distance through the control flow chart of the Android soft‐
ware, the exception thrown out, and the like. TaintDroid [11] monitors the system in
real time based on application-level smudge tracking and software behavioral analysis,
but cannot track the application path for calls to third-party libraries [12]. Similar
dynamic detection tools include Asdroid [13] and Crowdroid [14]. Liu [15] added a
system interface function monitoring module based on TaintDroid to expand the detec‐
tion range of Android software behavior characteristics.
The static analysis method has a high degree of automation and fast analysis [9], but
there are some shortcomings in dealing with code confusion and software packers.
Compared with static detection technology, dynamic detection technology has a rela‐
tively large improvement in detection accuracy. However, dynamic detection tech‐
nology consumes a large amount of resources and cannot simulate the situation when
malicious software calls a malicious method. It is difficult to cover the Android Software
implementation of the entire path.
Based on the above problems, this paper presents a multi-dimensional feature extrac‐
tion scheme. First of all, it introduces the structure of APK files and the related decom‐
piling tools. Then, through analyzing the structure of APK files, it expatiates the reasons
for selecting each feature in static and dynamic aspects. Finally, by extracting the related
static feature attributes and dynamic features Attributes, and compared with the existing
feature extraction methods, verifying the feasibility and comprehensiveness of the
extraction scheme proposed in this paper.
 A Multidimensional Feature Extraction Method 5

3 Multi-dimensional Feature Extraction Schemes

3.1 APK Structure

APK (Android Package) is actually a compressed file that contains a variety of resource
files required for the Android application runtime, an APK file generated by the process
of compiling, packaging and signing three processes. APK can be decompressed soft‐
ware compression, modify the APK suffix named rar, WinRAR software will be able to
extract, after decompression can be found APK mainly by the four files shown in Fig. 1.

MANIGFEST.MF

CERF.SF
META_INF
CERT.RSA

lib armeabi

assets ConfiguraƟon

drawable
APK res
File layout

Classes.dex value

resources.arsc

META_INF

Fig. 1. APK file directory structure

The file shown in Fig. 1 stores various resources used in the running of the Android
software. The components cooperate with each other to jointly support the entire life
cycle of the Android software. Which AndroidManifest.xml file saved APK permis‐
sions, application name and other information, classe.dex file integrates all the bytecode
files, compressed APK file, in addition to the picture resources visible, the other files
are garbled form, so you need Use decompile tools to parse these files into readable
files.

3.2 Feature Selection

(1) Static Feature Extraction

Since Permission is the basis of malware for malicious behavior, the more permissions
are applied, the greater the potential harm that malicious programs can cause to users;
the uses-feature node describes the hardware features required by the application; the
6 F. Xue et al.

application tag is the most common in AndroidManifest.xml Important node, the label
declares the application’s components and properties; intent-filter describes the behavior
of the application of a behavior, action-related data and additional data to help Android
system to find the corresponding other components and establish communication; API
(Application Programming Interface) APIs are what determines the behavior of malware
because all actions, whether normal or malicious, are made by invoking a series of
different APIs. In summary, the paper selected a total of five types of static features.

(2) Dynamic Feature Extraction

This article chooses to monitor CPU occupancy time, the number of sending and
receiving SMS messages in a fixed time period, network traffic, memory consumption
and battery consumption and other parameters during the operation as a dynamic feature,
as shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Dynamic features

Feature attributes Description
cpu_time This application takes up the CPU time for a fixed amount of time
sms_count_receive The number of SMS messages the app receives for a fixed period of
time
sms_count_send The number of text messages sent by this app in a fixed period of time
battery_usage The battery consumption caused by this application for a fixed period
of time
memory_count The application’s memory footprint for a fixed period of time
networkFlow_receive Total traffic received by this application over the network for a fixed
period of time
networkFlow_send The total traffic sent by the application over the network for a fixed
period of time

By detecting the changes of these features during the running of the software, it is
extracted to form a mixed feature set together with static features.

4 Experiment

Statistical analysis of the feature extraction schemes appearing in these documents is

made in this paper. According to the frequency of use, the top five feature extraction
schemes are selected and recorded in order from highest to lowest in the table. Compared
with the features the extraction scheme is compared. The statistical results are shown in
Table 2.
According to the data in Table 2, this article has counted the number of feature
categories extracted by each scheme, and the statistical results are shown in Fig. 2. A
total of twelve categories of features are extracted, including five kinds of static features
and seven kinds of dynamic features. At the same time the static and dynamic features
of Android software are extracted in this paper. Compared with other schemes, the
 A Multidimensional Feature Extraction Method 7

feature extraction of this scheme is more comprehensive and prominent Android

software features.

Table 2. Summary graph of feature extraction scheme

Feature types This paper W Li Drebin Xiong ZuTao Xu Caixia Andromaly
Permission √ √ √ √ √
Hardware √ √
Application √ √
Intent √ √
API √ √ √ √ √
Website √
CPU √ √ √
Receive SMS √ √
Send SMS √ √
Battery √ √ √
RAM √ √ √
Touch screen √

Fig. 2. Comparison of the feature number

5 Conclusion

This paper mainly introduces a multidimensional hybrid feature extraction scheme,

followed by a static feature extraction scheme and dynamic feature extraction scheme,
and gives a detailed explanation of the reasons for feature selection. The feature extrac‐
tion scheme proposed in this paper is compared with the feature extraction scheme of
other researchers through experiments. The experimental results verify the necessity of
multidimensional feature extraction using the static and dynamic combination, and show
that this method can describe the features of the software more fully and are suitable for
the feature extraction of malware detection system.
8 F. Xue et al.

References

1. Feng, S.: Android Software Security and Reverse Analysis. Post and Telecom Press (2013)
2. Chen, L.: Research on Some Key Techniques in Malicious Code Detection. Yangzhou
University (2012)
3. Elfattah, M.M.A., Youssif, A.A.A., Sarhan, E.: Handsets malware threats and facing
techniques. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 2(12) (2012)
4. Qin, Z., Xu, Y., Liang, B., et al.: An android malware static detection method. J. Southeast
Univ. 43(6), 1162–1167 (2013)
5. Wu, Z.: Study on Static Detection Scheme of Android Malware. Nanjing University of Posts
and Telecommunications (2015)
6. Qiao, Y., Yang, Y., He, J., et al.: CBM: free, automatic malware analysis framework using
API call sequences. In: Knowledge Engineering and Management, pp. 225–236. Springer,
Berlin (2014)
7. Felt, A.P., Chin, E., Hanna, S., et al.: Android permissions demystified. In: ACM Conference
on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2011, Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp. 627–
638. DBLP, October 2011
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1201 (2012)
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65–71 (2012)
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realtime privacy monitoring on smartphones. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 32(2), 1–29 (2014)
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monitoring system. Netw. Secur. Technol. Appl. 10, 72–73 (2016)
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Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 1036–1046. ACM (2014)
14. Burguera, I., Zurutuza, U., Nadjm-Tehrani, S.: Crowdroid: behavior-based malware detection
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Characteristics. Ningbo University (2014)
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 Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Based
on Hierarchical Merkle Tree

Siqing You1,2(&), Fei Xue1, Zhaoqun Qi2, and Hongjie Liu2

1
School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University,
Beijing 101149, China
[email protected]
2
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology,
Beijing 100124, China

Abstract. Merkle, a well-known cryptographers, is the first to give the con-

ception of Merkle Tree authentication, which is that a complete binary tree is
used for authentication and signature of a large amount of data. In recent years,
Merkle Tree applied to wireless sensor network is a hot research subject, which
has already been paid much more attentions by many researchers. To handle a
large number of sensor nodes, Merkle Tree will cause several practical problems
such as high computing complexity, the huge memory consumption, high load
of communication, validation delay, etc. Grading Merkle tree effectively relieves
some of these problems. But with the rising number of sensor nodes and broader
geographical scope, wireless sensor networks based on grading Merkle Tree
have emerge a lot of problems such as scalability, robustness, flexibility,
security, etc. In this paper, wire sensor network struction based on hierarchical
Merkle Tree is proposed to solve the above problems.

Keywords: Merkle tree
Wireless sensor network
Robustness

Security

1 Introduction

Merkle Tree [1] mainly used for the authentication and signature in large amounts of
data, is a complete binary tree, which is a data structure widely used in the field of
information security and network security [2, 3]. In recent years, many investigators
have done some researches from two sides. On the one hand, the research focuses on
the structure of authentication tree such as the traversal operation of Merkle Tree [4],
insertion and deletion 2–3 tree [5], parallel authentication tree [6], Merkle Tree
assessment parameter cost-balance [7] and tree and chain mixed-structure Merkle Tree
authentication [8]. Literature [9] introduces the research on Merkle Tree authentication
path. Literature [10] proposes an effective distributed construction of authentication
tree. On the other hand, the research forces on the application of authentication tree.
The XML data format is authenticated by Merkle Tree [11]. Merkle Tree is used in the
micro-payment [12]. The application of Merkle Tree to the key-agreement protocol is
studied [13]. In recent years, the application of Merkle Tree to wireless network has
been studied by some scholars [14]. The application of Merkle Tree to wireless sensor

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

S. Sun (Ed.): ICSINC 2018, LNEE 494, pp. 9–15, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1733-0_2
10 S. You et al.

network security routing protocol has been a hot research area [15, 16]. The sensor
network optimal hash tree authentication strategy is put forward by Kondratieva and
Seo [17]. The sensor network security has been an active application area of Merkle
Tree [18]. In this paper, according to grading Merkle Tree structure [19], wire sensor
network protocol based on grading Merkle Tree is proposed to overcome the short-
comings of grading structure, such as single-point bottleneck, the difficulty in the
addition and revocation of sensor nodes, etc. So there are great improvements of
extensibility, robustness, flexibility and security by using this new method.

2 Symbol Definition and Description

(1) The number of sensor cluster area (RSCA) which Hierarchical Merkle Tree
wireless sensor network architecture (HMTWSNA) can receive is N. The number
of area user group (AUG) in the ith RSAA is ACi ð1  i  NÞ. The total number of
users in the wireless sensor network is U. The number of users in the i-th RSCA is
Ui ð1  i  NÞ. The jth area user group in the ith RSCA is expressed as
Groupði; jÞ ð1  i  N; 1  j  ACi Þ.
(2) In Groupði; jÞð1  i  N; 1  j  ACi Þ, the height of Merkle Tree is Heightði; jÞ
ðHeightði; jÞ 2 NÞ, the leaf node number of Merkle Tree is Innerði; jÞ ¼
2Heightði;jÞ  1, and the total number of Merkle Tree is Totalði; jÞ ¼ Leaf ði; jÞþ
Innerði; jÞ ¼ 2Heightði;jÞ þ 1  1.
Pi
AC Pi
AC
In Ui ¼ Groupði; jÞ þ Resi ¼ Leaf ði; jÞ þ Resi , where Resi is mobile sub-
j¼1 j¼1
scribers of the ith area.
(3) Authentication Path Length:

APLði; jÞ ¼ Heightði; jÞ þ 1ð1  i  N; 1  j  ACi Þ

(4) (Single strong collision-free hash function, H1 ðxÞH2 ðxÞ, uses SHA-1 in this paper.
(5) The private key information of each sensor node can be expressed as

PKUi ð1  i  NÞ; SKUi ð1  i  NÞ; SKUi ð1  i  NÞ:

maintains the private key information of each sensor node. Inside the each RSAA
corresponding the private key information of SAP is PKSAPi ð1  i  NÞ,
SKSAPi ð1  i  NÞ.
 Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Based on Hierarchical Merkle Tree 11

3 Introduction of Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Based

on Hierarchical Merkle Tree

A new wireless sensor network protocol is proposed and the specific communication
process is given. Its security is proved. The deficiencies of sensor network protocol
based on grading Merkle tree proposed last chapter can be improved by this new
scheme. First the definition is given as follows.
Definition 1 HMTWSNA (Hierarchy Merkle Tree Wireless Sensor Network
Architecture). It is composed of reactor core layer, sensor relay layer and Merkle tree
distributed layer. There are two high-energy core reactors. The sensor relay layer can
access reactor core layer through the sensor access point. Merkle tree distributed layer
is composed of many different sensor cluster heads. Each sensor cluster head represents
the user terminal which includes mobile users, PDA, LTC, etc.
Definition 2 RSAA (Receive Sensor Assemble Area). RSAA is the vertical structure
of HMTWSNA but the reactor core layer is not included in it. RSAA is composed of
sensor cluster head access point in the relay layer and different sensor cluster heads in
the distributed layer of Merkle tree. The sensor cluster head access points maintain a
revocation list database of sensor cluster nodes. This database can maintain the revo-
cation of users. These different sensor cluster heads can be divided into two categories
according to the frequency of use. One category is long-term users. These users have
common characteristics that they are on the network for a long time and their geo-
graphical locations are steady. Merkle tree is composed of the optimal fixed number of
sensor nodes in this area. So a Merkle tree is an AUG (Area User Group). The other
category is the temporary users who have the characteristics that they access the
network temporarily and their geographical locations are flexible and they often change
their geographical location in RSAA. So RSAA is composed of many AUG and mobile
users. The classical HMTWSNA is shown in Fig. 1.

The collection of sensor The collection of sensor

Merkle Tree nodes Merkle Tree nodes
Sensor access point 1 Sensor access point 2

The cluster regions of receiving

sensors Core reactor 1 Core reactor 2
Reactor core layer

Sensor access point 3

Sensor access point 5
Node revocation hash list
Sensor access point 4 Sensor repeated layer
Mobile user
The collection of sensor The collection of sensor
Merkle Tree nodes Merkle Tree nodes
The collection of sensor Merkle Tree nodes
Mobile user Merkle Tree cluster layer
Mobile user

Fig. 1. Structure of wireless sensor network protocol based on hierarchical Merkle tree
12 S. You et al.

4 HMTWSNA Communication Algorithm

HMTWSNA communication algorithms include the initialization of sensor access

points, the addition and revocation of members of RSAA, the addition and revocation
of temporary mobile users, the communication processes between RSAA. The algo-
rithms are described as follows.
Algorithm 1. Initialization of SAP
After the predeployment of the sensor network hardware devices, each AUG should be
initialized.
The method of InitSAP() is given as follows.

BroadcastParams(); Public parameters of broadcasting system include the root node

value of Merkle tree corresponding to each AUG, signature identification public key,
sensor node public key, etc.
InitRTDSDB(); initialization of data structure description block of revocation list
Algorithm 2. The addition of RSAA members
The addition of temporary mobile users。Temporary sensor nodes are allocated to
communicate. The AssignTempNode() is carried out by each AUG for Resi times.
Fixed user. The number of sensor node is fixed for each AUG and the sensor nodes
of the AUG correspond to Merkle tree node. AssignLeafNode() method is carried out
Pi
AC
Groupði; jÞ times totally. According to the traverse mechanism of optimal Merkle
j¼1
tree, the hash value of each root node and the certification path of each sensor node are
obtained at the same time to construct Merkle tree.
Algorithm 3. Revocation of RSAA members
In this paper, the Hash linked data structure is adopted to maintain the information of
sensor nodes revoked.
Definition 3 RTDSDB (Revoke table data structure description block). RTDSTDB
is a data structure in SAP of RSAA to maintain node revoke list. It includes information
of members revoked. These information can represent whether the communication
sensor node entities are valid. The entities in RTDSDB are deemed invalid.
 Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Based on Hierarchical Merkle Tree 13

The revocation of mobile user members. Because the number of sensor nodes
corresponding to mobile user members cannot reach the requirements of the number of
members in AUG, a Merkle tree can’t be constructed according to nodes logically.
Then mobile users can be revoked directly only if the information of the node corre-
sponding to the mobile user member sensor are not included in the computing infor-
mation when authenticate communication.
The revocation of members in AUG. The set of sensor nodes corresponding to each
member in AUG constitutes a Merkle tree logically. When the sensor nodes are
revoked, other nodes will be affected. So a revoke table data structure is maintained in
SAP. The number of sensor nodes in each AUG is assumed to be 8.
Algorithm 4. The communication between sensor nodes of different RSAA
The communication between RSAA needs core reactor to rely and SAP to transfer data
in different RSAA.
(1) Sensor node a in should communicate with sensor node b in. If node a in the
interior of AUG, formula (5)(6)(7) should be used then is sent to, if sensor node a
is a temporary node, formula (5)(6)(10) is used then is sent to.
(2) After receives the message from a formula (12) is used to calculate. Then is sent to
either of reactors in the creator core layer.
(3) After the core reactor receives the message above, it is decrypted by the public
key of. Then is sent to the objective.
(4) After corresponding to the objective receives the message, it relays the message to
the corresponding receiving sensor. If the receiving sensor is the node in the
interior of AUG, formula (8) should be used to correspond. If the receiving sensor
is the temporary node, formula (9) should be used to correspond. The response

5 HMTWSNA Comparing with Other Methods

The comparison results of three methods are shown in in Table 1

Table 1. Comparison of three methods

Basic Merkle Grading Merkle tree Hierarchical Merkle tree
tree
Memory consumption APL þ 1 P
AC Pi
AC
ðlbLeafi þ 1Þ þ AC ðLeaf ði; jÞlbLeafj þ 1Þ
i¼1 j¼1
þ Resj þ ACi
The amount of average lbLeaf P
AC P
N P
ACi
Leafi lbLeafi ð Leaf ði;jÞlbLeafj þ Resj Þ
node calculation i¼1 i¼1 j¼1
Leaf U
Network scalability Weak Medium Strong
The flexibility of sensor Rigid Medium Flexible
nodes
(continued)
14 S. You et al.

Table 1. (continued)
Basic Merkle Grading Merkle tree Hierarchical Merkle tree
tree
Package loss rate Depending on Depending on the Reducing the package loss
the network network environment rate under harsh
environment environment
Max tolerance package 0 0 Reverse authentication
loss packages can be lost
Time delay High Medium Less control information
can be transferred and
many computing can use
the local server
Single peer invalid Invincibility Invincibility Overcome
problem
Satisfy safe complete Dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction Satisfaction
condition sets

6 Conclusion

Based on basic Merkle Tree sensor network and grading Merkle Tree sensor network, a
new wireless sensor network system based on hierarchical Merkle tree is proposed. It
can improve four deficiencies of grading Merkle Tree sensor network. The scalability,
robustness, flexibility and security are improved a lot. Then the new system is applied
to wireless sensor network communication and the corresponding communication
algorithm is proposed. Finally, HMTWSNA is compared with other classical
structures.

References
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Research in Security and Privacy, pp. 122–136, April 1980
2. Ren, K., Shucheng, Yu., Lou, W., Zhang, Y.: Multi-user broadcast authentication in wireless
sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 58(8), 4554–4564 (2009)
3. Ren, K., Lou, W., Zeng, K., Moran, P.J.: On broadcast authentication in wireless sensor
networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 6(11), 4136–4144 (2007)
4. Liu, F., Cai, Y., Wang, C., Yan, C.: Research of traverse and application of Merkle
authentication tree. Comput. Eng. Appl. (2011)
5. Narasimha, M., Tsudik, G.: DSAC. Integrity for outsourced databases with signature
aggregation and chaining. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM CIKM International Conference
on Information and Knowledge Management, Bremen, Germany, 31 October–5 November
2005, pp. 235–236 (2005)
6. Eric-Hall, W., Jutla, C.S.: Parallelizable authentication trees. In: Preneel, B., Tavares, S.
(eds.) SAC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3897, pp. 95–109. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
7. Jakobsson, M., Leighton, T., Micali, S., Szydlo, M.: Fractal Merkle tree representation and
traversal. In: RSA Cryptographers Track, RSA Security Conference (2003)
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8. He, J., Xu, G., Fu, X., Zhou, Z.: A hybrid and efficient scheme of multicast source
authentication. In: Proceedings of Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software
Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing, vol. 2,
pp. 123–125 (2007)
9. Buchmann, J., Dahmen, E., Schneider, M.: Merkle tree traversal revisited. In: Buchmann, J.,
Ding, J. (eds.) PQCrypto. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5299, pp. 63–78.
Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
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hierarchies. In: International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, vol. 5, no. 3,
pp. 184–193 (2008)
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 An Improved Covariance Spectrum Sensing
Algorithm Establish on AD Test

Yaqin Chen1,2,3 ✉ , Xiaojun Jing1,2,3, Junsheng Mu1,2,3, and Jia Li4

( )

1
National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Network Security,
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
[email protected]
2
Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT),
Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
3
School of Information and Communication Engineering,
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
4
School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, USA

Abstract. Owing to no need for prior knowledge of signal, blind spectrum

sensing has received wide attention. Covariance Absolute Value (CAV) detection
algorithm, one of the most popular blind sensing algorithms, considers the corre‐
lation of signal samples. However, its detection performance is restricted by the
uncertain threshold calculation. To optimize the performance of CAV, we
propose a new method based on a new statistic and goodness of fit test. The
statistic is constructed from the off-diagonal of covariance matrix firstly, then
Anderson-Darling (AD) test is used to estimate the existence or absence of
primary user. The proposed method not only achieves blind detection but also
improves the sensing performance of CAV. Experimental results manifest the
effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Keywords: Blind spectrum sensing · Covariance absolute value · New statistic

Anderson-darling test

1 Introduction

As a vital technology in cognitive radio, spectrum sensing is devoted to the appearance

or absence detection of the primary user (PU) for possible improvement of spectrum
utilization [1]. Recently, Covariance spectrum detection algorithms are prevailing [2,
3]. Because they take the correlation of signal samples into consideration and do not
require the information about signal and noise.
CAV detection algorithm [4] as one of covariance detection has the advantages
mentioned above all. However, its capability is limited by the multiple approximate
solutions in the process of threshold estimation. To optimize its performance, some
methods have been proposed. [5] put forward a two-stage spectrum sensing algorithm
on the basis of energy and CAV detection. In [6], features are extracted from covariance
matrix and put into support vector machine to achieve the improvement of detection

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

S. Sun (Ed.): ICSINC 2018, LNEE 494, pp. 16–22, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1733-0_3
 An Improved Covariance Spectrum Sensing Algorithm Establish on AD Test 17

performance. Nevertheless, the above methods do not solve uncertain estimated

threshold in essence.
To fundamentally improve the performance of spectrum sensing, some literatures
prefer to use the goodness of fit testing [7, 8]. The goodness of fit testing, a nonparametric
hypothesis testing problem, consists of Anderson-Darling (AD), Cramervon Mises(CM)
and Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS). What’s more, [8] verifies the superiority of AD test.
Thus, this paper puts forward a modified covariance matrix-based spectrum sensing
scheme. It constructs new statistics from the off-diagonal elements of covariance matrix
firstly, and then AD test is used to determine the existence or absence of PU.
The structure of this paper is as follows. In Sect. 2, the system model of spectrum
sensing and CAV is introduced. Section 3 gives the construction of statistics and the
process of AD test. Experimental results and analysis are given in Sect. 4 and conclusion
are drawn in Sect. 5.

2 Theoretical Principle

2.1 Spectrum Sensing

The core role of Spectrum sensing is to obtain the state of PU, which can be presented
as follows [9]

(1)

Where, H0 and H1 separately represent the absence and existence of PU. y(k), s(k)
and n(k) indicate the signal obtained by SU, signal of PU and noise. K denotes the
samples.
The testing performance of sensing algorithm can be measured by the detection
probability Pd and the probability of false alarm Pfa, which are formulated as

Pd = P( H1 ||H1 ) (2)

Pfa = P( H1 ||H0 ) (3)

Obviously, a good detection method has large Pd and small Pfa. However, these two
indicators are mutually restricted. In practice, the receiver operating characteristic curve
(ROC) is used as the main measure.

2.2 CAV Sensing Model

Assume that noise is a Gaussian signal of independent and identically distributed with
a mean zero and variance 𝜎n2.
Supposing the smoothing factor is M, the vectors and covariance matrixes of signal
and noise can be written as [9].
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
He had told me I should not be permitted to live long, not more than three days,
and bade me choose whether I would die by poison or the sword. O the agonies
of that moment! Great God! thou seest my sufferings! I often viewed, with a
momentary hope of escaping, the high grated windows of my prison—all things
within the compass of possibility I was resolved to try, and with an eager
desperation I climbed towards the casements, but my foot slipped, and falling
back to the floor, I was stunned by the blow. On recovering, the first sounds I
heard, were the steps of a person entering my prison. A recollection of the past
returned, and deplorable was my condition. I shuddered at what was to come.
The same man approached; he looked at me at first with pity, but his
countenance soon recovered its natural ferocity. Yet he did not then come to
execute the purposes of his employer: I am reserved to another day—Great God,
thy will be done!
Adeline could not go on. All the circumstances that seemed to corroborate the
fate of this unhappy man, crowded upon her mind the reports concerning the
abbey—the dreams which had forerun her discovery of the private apartments—
the singular manner in which she had found the MS—and the apparition, which
she now believed she had really seen. She blamed herself for not having yet
mentioned the discovery of the manuscript and chambers to La Motte, and
resolved to delay the disclosure no longer than the following morning. The
immediate cares that had occupied her mind, and a fear of losing the manuscript
before she had read it, had hitherto kept her silent.
Such a combination of circumstances, she believed, could only be produced by
some supernatural power, operating for the retribution of the guilty. These
reflections filled her mind with a degree of awe, which the loneliness of the large
old chamber in which she sat, and the hour of the night, soon heightened into
terror. She had never been superstitious, but circumstances so uncommon had
hitherto conspired in this affair, that she could not believe them accidental. Her
imagination, wrought upon by these reflections, again became sensible to every
impression; she feared to look round, lest she should again see some dreadful
phantom, and she almost fancied she heard voices swell in the storm which now
shook the fabric.
Still she tried to command her feelings so as to avoid disturbing the family; but
they became so painful, that even the dread of La Motte's ridicule had hardly
power to prevent her quitting the chamber. Her mind was now in such a state,
that she found it impossible to pursue the story in the MS. though, to avoid the
tortures of suspense, she had attempted it. She laid it down again, and tried to
argue herself into composure. What have I to fear? said she; I am at least
innocent, and I shall not be punished for the crime of another.
The violent gust of wind that now rushed through the whole suite of apartments,
shook the door that led from her late bedchamber to the private rooms so
forcibly, that Adeline, unable to remain longer in doubt, ran to see from whence
the noise issued. The arras which concealed the door was violently agitated, and
she stood for a moment observing it in indescribable terror; till believing it was
swayed by the wind, she made a sudden effort to overcome her feelings, and
was stooping to raise it. At that instant she thought she heard a voice. She
stopped and listened, but every thing was still; yet apprehension so far overcame
her, that she had no power either to examine or to leave the chamber.
In a few moments the voice returned: she was now convinced she had not been
deceived, for, though low, she heard it distinctly, and was almost sure it repeated
her own name. So much was her fancy affected, that she even thought it was the
same voice she had heard in her dreams. This conviction entirely subdued the
small remains of her courage, and sinking into a chair she lost all recollection.
How long she remained in this state she knew not; but when she recovered, she
exerted all her strength, and reached the winding staircase, where she called
aloud. No one heard her; and she hastened, as fast as her feebleness would
permit, to the chamber of Madame La Motte. She tapped gently at the door, and
was answered by Madame, who was alarmed at being awakened at so unusual
an hour, and believed that some danger threatened her husband. When she
understood that it was Adeline, and that she was unwell, she quickly came to her
relief. The terror that was yet visible in Adeline's countenance excited her
inquiries, and the occasion of it was explained to her.
Madame was so much discomposed by the relation, that she called La Motte from
his bed, who, more angry at being disturbed than interested for the agitation he
witnessed, reproved Adeline for suffering her fancies to overcome her reason.
She now mentioned the discovery she had made of the inner chamber and the
manuscript, circumstances which roused the attention of La Motte so much, that
he desired to see the MS. and resolved to go immediately to the apartments
described by Adeline.
Madame La Motte endeavoured to dissuade him from his purpose; but La Motte,
with whom opposition had always an effect contrary to the one designed, and
who wished to throw further ridicule upon the terrors of Adeline, persisted in his
intention. He called to Peter to attend with a light, and insisted that Madame La
Motte and Adeline should accompany him. Madame La Motte desired to be
excused, and Adeline at first declared she could not go; but he would be obeyed.
They ascended the tower, and entered the first chambers together, for each of
the party was reluctant to be the last; in the second chamber all was quiet and in
order. Adeline presented the MS. and pointed to the arras which concealed the
door. La Motte lifted the arras, and opened the door; but Madame La Motte and
Adeline entreated to go no further—again he called to them to follow. All was
quiet in the first chamber: he expressed his surprise that the rooms should so
long have remained undiscovered, and was proceeding to the second, but
suddenly stopped. We will defer our examination till to-morrow, said he, the
damps of these apartments are unwholesome at any time; but they strike one
more sensibly at night. I am chilled. Peter, remember to throw open the windows
early in the morning, that the air may circulate.
Lord bless your honour, said Peter, don't you see I can't reach them; besides, I
don't believe they are made to open; see what strong iron bars there are; the
room looks for all the world like a prison: I suppose this is the place the people
meant, when they said nobody that had been in ever came out. La Motte, who
during this speech had been looking attentively at the high windows, which if he
had seen them at first he had certainly not observed, now interrupted the
eloquence of Peter, and bade him carry the light before them. They all willingly
quitted these chambers, and returned to the room below, where a fire was
lighted, and the party remained together for some time.
La Motte for reasons best known to himself, attempted to ridicule the discovery
and fears of Adeline, till she with a seriousness that checked him, entreated he
would desist. He was silent; and soon after, Adeline, encouraged by the return of
daylight, ventured to her chamber, and for some hours experienced the blessing
of undisturbed repose.
On the following day, Adeline's first care was to obtain an interview with Peter,
whom she had some hopes of seeing as she went downstairs: he, however, did
not appear; and she proceeded to the sitting-room, where she found La Motte
apparently much disturbed. Adeline asked him if he had looked at the MS. I have
run my eye over it, said he, but it is so much obscured by time that it can
scarcely be deciphered. It appears to exhibit a strange romantic story; and I do
not wonder that after you had suffered its terrors to impress your imagination,
you fancied you saw spectres and heard wondrous noises.
Adeline thought La Motte did not choose to be convinced, and she therefore
forbore reply. During breakfast she often looked at Peter (who waited) with
anxious inquiry; and from his countenance was still more assured that he had
something of importance to communicate. In the hope of some conversation with
him, she left the room as soon as possible, and repaired to her favourite avenue,
where she had not long remained when he appeared.
God bless you! Ma'mselle, said he, I'm sorry I frighted you so last night.
Frighted me, said Adeline; how was you concerned in that?
He then informed her that when he thought Monsieur and Madame La Motte
were asleep, he had stolen to her chamber door, with an intention of giving her
the sequel of what he had begun in the morning; that he had called several times
as loudly as he dared; but receiving no answer, he believed she was asleep, or
did not choose to speak with him, and he had therefore left the door. This
account of the voice she had heard, relieved Adeline's spirits; she was even
surprised that she did not know it, till remembering the perturbation of her mind
for some time preceding, this surprise disappeared.
She entreated Peter to be brief in explaining the danger with which she was
threatened. If you'll let me go on my own way, Ma'am, you'll soon know it; but if
you hurry me, and ask me questions here and there, out of their places, I don't
know what I am saying.
Be it so, said Adeline; only, remember that we may be observed.
Yes. Ma'mselle, I'm as much afraid of that as you are, for I believe I should be
almost as ill off; however, that is neither here nor there, but I'm sure if you stay
in this old abbey another night it will be worse for you; for, as I said before, I
know all about it.
What mean you, Peter?
Why, about this scheme that's going on.
What then, is my father——?—Your father! interrupted Peter; Lord bless you, that
is all fudge, to frighten you: your father, nor nobody else has ever sent after you;
I dare say he knows no more of you than the Pope does—not he. Adeline looked
displeased. You trifle, said she; if you have any thing to tell, say it quickly; I am
in haste.
Bless you, young lady, I meant no harm, I hope you're not angry; but I'm sure
you can't deny that your father is cruel. But as I was saying, the Marquis de
Montalt likes you; and he and my master (Peter looked round) have been laying
their heads together about you. Adeline turned pale; she comprehended a part of
the truth, and eagerly entreated him to proceed.
They have been laying their heads together about you. This is what Jaques the
Marquis's man tells me: Says he, Peter, you little know what is going on: I could
tell all if I chose it; but it is not for those who are trusted to tell again. I warrant
now your master is close enough with you. Upon which I was piqued, and
resolved to make him believe I could be trusted as well as he. Perhaps not says
I; perhaps I know as much as you, though I do not choose to brag on't; and I
winked.—Do you so? says he, then you are closer than I thought for. She is a fine
girl, says he,—meaning you Ma'mselle; but she is nothing but a poor foundling
after all, so it does not much signify. I had a mind to know further what he
meant—so I did not knock him down. By seeming to know as much as he, I at
last made him discover all; and he told me—but you look pale, Ma'mselle, are
you ill?
No, said Adeline in a tremulous accent, and scarcely able to support herself; pray
proceed.
And he told me that the Marquis had been courting you a good while, but you
would not listen to him, and had even pretended he would marry you, and all
would not do. As for marriage, says I, I suppose she knows the Marchioness is
alive; and I'm sure she is not one for his turn upon other terms.
The Marchioness is really living then! said Adeline.
O yes, Ma'mselle! we all know that, and I thought you had known it too.—We
shall see that, replies Jaques; at least, I believe that our master will outwit her.—I
stared; I could not help it.—Aye, says he, you know your master has agreed to
give her up to my Lord.
Good God! what will become of me? exclaimed Adeline.
Aye, Ma'mselle, I am sorry for you; but hear me out. When Jaques said this, I
quite forgot myself: I'll never believe it, said I, I'll never believe my master would
be guilty of such a base action; he'll not give her up, or I'm no Christian.—Oh!
said, Jaques, for that matter, I thought you'd known all, else I should not have
said a word about it. However, you may soon satisfy yourself by going to the
parlour door, as I have done; they're in consultation about it now, I dare say.
You need not repeat any more of this conversation, said Adeline; but tell me the
result of what you heard from the parlour.
Why, Ma'mselle, when he said this, I took him at his word, and went to the door,
where, sure enough, I heard my master and the Marquis talking about you. They
said a great deal which I could make nothing of; but, at last, I heard the Marquis
say, You know the terms; on these terms only will I consent to bury the past in
ob—ob—oblivion——that was the word. Monsieur La Motte then told the Marquis,
if he would return to the abbey upon such a night, meaning this very night,
Ma'mselle, every thing should be prepared according to his wishes;—Adeline shall
then be yours, my Lord, said he—you are already acquainted with her chamber.
At these words Adeline clasped her hands, and raised her eyes to heaven in silent
despair.—Peter went on. When I heard this, I could not doubt what Jaques had
said.—Well, said he, what do you think of it now?—Why, that my master's a
rascal, says I.—It's well you don't think mine one too, says he.—Why, as for that
matter, says I——Adeline, interrupting him, inquired if he had heard any thing
further. Just then, said Peter, we heard Madame La Motte come out from another
room, and so we made haste back to the kitchen.
She was not present at this conversation then? said Adeline. No, Ma'mselle; but
my master has told her of it, I warrant. Adeline was almost as much shocked by
this apparent perfidy of Madame La Motte, as by a knowledge of the destruction
that threatened her. After musing a few moments in extreme agitation, Peter,
said she, you have a good heart, and feel a just indignation at your master's
treachery—will you assist me to escape?
Ah, Ma'mselle! said he, how can I assist you? besides, where can we go? I have
no friends about here, no more than yourself.
O! replied Adeline in extreme emotion, we fly from enemies; strangers may prove
friends: assist me but to escape from this forest, and you will claim my eternal
gratitude; I have no fears beyond it.
Why as for this forest, replied Peter, I am weary of it myself; though when we
first came I thought it would be fine living here, at least, I thought it was very
different from any life I had ever lived before. But these ghosts that haunt the
abbey—I am no more a coward than other men, but I don't like them; and then
there is so many strange reports abroad; and my master—I thought I could have
served him to the end of the world, but now I care not how soon I leave him, for
his behaviour to you, Ma'mselle.
You consent then to assist me in escaping? said Adeline with eagerness.
Why as to that, Ma'mselle, I would willingly, if I knew where to go. To be sure I
have a sister lives in Savoy, but that is a great way off; and I have saved a little
money out of my wages, but that won't carry us such a long journey.
Regard not that, said Adeline; if I was once beyond this forest, I would then
endeavour to take care of myself, and repay you for your kindness.
O! as for that, Madam——Well, well, Peter, let us consider how we may escape.
This night—say you this night—the Marquis is to return? Yes, Ma'mselle, to-night
about dark. I have just thought of a scheme:—my master's horses are grazing in
the forest; we may take one of them, and send it back from the first stage: but
how shall we avoid being seen? besides if we go off in the daylight, he will soon
pursue and overtake us; and if you stay till night, the Marquis will be come, and
then there is no chance. If they miss us both at the same time too, they'll guess
how it is, and set off directly. Could not you contrive to go first, and wait for me
till the hurly-burly's over? Then, while they're searching in the place under
ground for you, I can slip away, and we should be out of their reach before they
thought of pursuing us.
Adeline agreed to the truth of all this, and was somewhat surprised at Peter's
sagacity. She inquired if he knew of any place in the neighbourhood of the abbey,
where she could remain concealed, till he came with a horse. Why yes, Madam,
there is a place, now I think of it, where you may be safe enough, for nobody
goes near; but they say it's haunted, and perhaps you would not like to go there.
Adeline, remembering the last night, was somewhat startled at this intelligence;
but a sense of her present danger pressed again upon her mind, and overcame
every other apprehension. Where is this place? said she; if it will conceal me, I
shall not hesitate to go.
It is an old tomb that stands in the thickest part of the forest, about a quarter of
a mile off the nearest way and almost a mile the other. When my master used to
hide himself so much in the forest, I have followed him somewhere thereabouts,
but I did not find out the tomb till t'other day. However, that's neither here nor
there; if you dare venture to it, Ma'mselle, I'll show you the nearest way. So
saying he pointed to a winding path on the right. Adeline, having looked round
without perceiving any person near, directed Peter to lead her to the tomb: they
pursued the path, till turning into a gloomy romantic part of the forest, almost
impervious to the rays of the sun, they came to the spot whither Louis had
formerly traced his father.
The stillness and solemnity of the scene struck awe upon the heart of Adeline,
who paused and surveyed it for some time in silence. At length Peter led her into
the interior part of the ruin, to which they descended by several steps. Some old
abbot, said he, was formerly buried here, as the Marquis's people say; and it's
like enough that he belonged to the abbey yonder. But I don't see why he should
take it in his head to walk; he was not murdered, surely!
I hope not, said Adeline.
That's more than can be said for all that lies buried at the abbey though, and——
Adeline interrupted him: Hark! surely I hear a noise, said she; Heaven protect us
from discovery! They listened, but all was still; and they went on. Peter opened a
low door, and they entered upon a dark passage, frequently obstructed by loose
fragments of stone, and along which they moved with caution. Whither are we
going? said Adeline.—I scarcely know myself, said Peter, for I never was so far
before, but the place seems quiet enough. Something obstructed his way; it was
a door which yielded to his hand, and discovered a kind of cell obscurely seen by
the twilight admitted through a grate above. A partial gleam shot athwart the
place, leaving the greatest part of it in shadow.
Adeline sighed as she surveyed it. This is a frightful spot, said she: but if it will
afford me a shelter, it is a palace. Remember, Peter, that my peace and honour
depend upon your faithfulness; be both discreet and resolute. In the dusk of the
evening, I can pass from the abbey with least danger of being observed, and in
this cell I will wait your arrival. As soon as Monsieur and Madame La Motte are
engaged in searching the vaults, you will bring here a horse; three knocks upon
the tomb shall inform me of your arrival. For Heaven's sake be cautious, and be
punctual!
I will, Ma'mselle, let come what may.
They re-ascended to the forest; and Adeline fearful of observation, directed Peter,
to run first to the abbey, and invent some excuse for his absence, if he had been
missed. When she was again alone, she yielded to a flood of tears, and indulged
the excess of her distress. She saw herself without friends, without relations,
destitute, forlorn, and abandoned to the worst of evils; betrayed by the very
persons to whose comfort she had so long administered, whom she had loved as
her protectors, and revered as her parents! These reflections touched her heart
with the most afflicting sensations, and the sense of her immediate danger was
for a while absorbed in the grief occasioned by a discovery of such guilt in others.
At length she roused all her fortitude, and turning towards the abbey
endeavoured to await with patience the hour of evening, and to sustain an
appearance of composure in the presence of Monsieur and Madame La Motte.
For the present she wished to avoid seeing either of them, doubting her ability to
disguise her emotions: having reached the abbey, she therefore passed on to her
chamber. Here she endeavoured to direct her attention to indifferent subjects,
but in vain; the danger of her situation, and the severe disappointment she had
received in the character of those whom she had so much esteemed and even
loved, pressed hard upon her thoughts. To a generous mind few circumstances
are more afflicting than a discovery of perfidy in those whom we have trusted,
even though it may fail of any absolute inconvenience to ourselves. The
behaviour of Madame La Motte in thus, by concealment, conspiring to her
destruction, particularly shocked her.
How has my imagination deceived me! said she; what a picture did it draw of the
goodness of the world! And must I then believe that every body is cruel and
deceitful? No—let me still be deceived, and still suffer, rather than be condemned
to a state of such wretched suspicion. She now endeavoured to extenuate the
conduct of Madame La Motte, by attributing it to a fear of her husband. She
dares not oppose his will, said she, else she would warn me of my danger, and
assist me to escape from it. No—I will never believe her capable of conspiring my
ruin; terror alone keeps her silent.
Adeline was somewhat comforted by this thought. The benevolence of her heart
taught her, in this instance to sophisticate. She perceived not, that by ascribing
the conduct of Madame La Motte to terror, she only softened the degree of her
guilt, imputing it to a motive less depraved but not less selfish. She remained in
her chamber till summoned to dinner, when, drying her tears, she descended
with faltering steps and a palpitating heart to the parlour. When she saw La
Motte, in spite of all her efforts she trembled and grew pale; she could not
behold even with apparent indifference the man who she knew had destined her
to destruction. He observed her emotion, and inquiring if she was ill, she saw the
danger to which her agitation exposed her. Fearful lest La Motte should suspect
its true cause, she rallied all her spirits, and with a look of complacency answered
she was well.
During dinner she preserved a degree of composure that effectually concealed
the varied anguish of her heart. When she looked at La Motte, terror and
indignation were her predominant feelings; but when she regarded Madame La
Motte, it was otherwise: gratitude for her former tenderness had long been
confirmed into affection, and her heart now swelled with the bitterness of grief
and disappointment. Madame La Motte appeared depressed and said little. La
Motte seemed anxious to prevent thought, by assuming a fictitious and unnatural
gaiety: he laughed and talked, and threw off frequent bumpers of wine: it was
the mirth of desperation. Madame became alarmed, and would have restrained
him; but he persisted in his libations to Bacchus till reflection seemed to be
almost overcome.
Madame La Motte, fearful that in the carelessness of the present moment he
might betray himself, withdrew with Adeline to another room. Adeline recollected
the happy hours she once passed with her, when confidence banished reserve,
and sympathy and esteem dictated the sentiments of friendship: now those
hours were gone for ever; she could no longer unbosom her griefs to Madame La
Motte, no longer even esteem her. Yet, notwithstanding all the danger to which
she was exposed by the criminal silence of the latter, she could not converse with
her, consciously for the last time, without feeling a degree of sorrow which
wisdom may call weakness, but to which benevolence will allow a softer name.
Madame La Motte in her conversation appeared to labour under an almost equal
oppression with Adeline: her thoughts were abstracted from the subject of
discourse, and there were long and frequent intervals of silence. Adeline more
than once caught her gazing with a look of tenderness upon her, and saw her
eyes fill with tears. By this circumstance she was so much affected, that she was
several times upon the point of throwing herself at her feet, and imploring her
pity and protection. Cooler reflection showed her the extravagance and danger of
this conduct: she suppressed her emotions, but they at length compelled her to
withdraw from the presence of Madame La Motte.

CHAPTER XI

Thou! to whom the world unknown

With all its shadowy shapes is shown;
Who seest appall'd th' unreal scene,
While fancy lifts the veil between;
Ah, Fear! ah, frantic Fear!
I see, I see thee near!
I know thy hurry'd step, thy haggard eye
Like thee I start, like thee disorder'd fly!
COLLINS.

Adeline anxiously watched from her chamber window the sun set behind the
distant hills, and the time of her departure draw nigh: it set with uncommon
splendour, and threw a fiery gleam athwart the woods and upon some scattered
fragments of the ruins, which she could not gaze upon with indifference. Never,
probably, again shall I see the sun sink below those hills, said she, or illumine this
scene! Where shall I be when next it sets—where this time to-morrow? sunk
perhaps in misery! She wept at the thought. A few hours, resumed Adeline, and
the Marquis will arrive—a few hours, and this abbey will be a scene of confusion
and tumult: every eye will be in search of me, every recess will be explored.
These reflections inspired her with new terror, and increased her impatience to
be gone.
Twilight gradually came on, and she now thought it sufficiently dark to venture
forth: but before she went, she kneeled down and addressed herself to Heaven.
She implored support and protection, and committed herself to the care of the
God of mercies. Having done this, she quitted her chamber, and passed with
cautious steps down the winding staircase. No person appeared, and she
proceeded through the door of the tower into the forest. She looked around; the
gloom of the evening obscured every object.
With a trembling heart she sought the path pointed out by Peter, which led to the
tomb: having found it, she passed along forlorn and terrified. Often did she start
as the breeze shook the light leaves of the trees, or as the bat flitted by
gamboling in the twilight; and often, as she looked back towards the abbey,
thought she distinguished amid the deepening gloom the figures of men. Having
proceeded some way, she suddenly heard the feet of horses, and soon after a
sound of voices, among which she distinguished that of the Marquis; they
seemed to come from the quarter she was approaching, and evidently advanced.
Terror for some minutes arrested her steps; she stood in a state of dreadful
hesitation: to proceed was to run into the hands of the Marquis; to return was to
fall into the power of La Motte.
After remaining for some time uncertain whither to fly, the sounds suddenly took
a different direction, and wheeled towards the abbey. Adeline had a short
cessation of terror; she now understood that the Marquis had passed this spot
only in his way to the abbey, and she hastened to secrete herself in the ruin. At
length, after much difficulty, she reached it, the deep shades almost concealing it
from her search. She paused at the entrance, awed by the solemnity that reigned
within, and the utter darkness of the place; at length she determined to watch
without till Peter should arrive. If any person approaches, said she, I can hear
them before they can see me, and I can then secrete myself in the cell.
She leaned against a fragment of the tomb in trembling expectation, and as she
listened, no sound broke the silence of the hour. The state of her mind can only
be imagined by considering that upon the present time turned the crisis of her
fate. They have now, thought she, discovered my flight; even now they are
seeking me in every part of the abbey. I hear their dreadful voices call me; I see
their eager looks. The power of imagination almost overcame her. While she yet
looked around, she saw lights moving at a distance; sometimes they glimmered
between the trees, and sometimes they totally disappeared.
They seemed to be in a direction with the abbey; and she now remembered that
in the morning she had seen a part of the fabric through an opening in the
forest. She had therefore no doubt that the lights she saw proceeded from
people in search of her: who, she feared, not finding her at the abbey, might
direct their steps towards the tomb. Her place of refuge now seemed too near
her enemies to be safe, and she would have fled to a more distant part of the
forest, but recollected that Peter would not know where to find her.
While these thoughts passed over her mind, she heard distant voices in the wind,
and was hastening to conceal herself in the cell, when she observed the lights
suddenly disappear. All was soon after hushed in silence and darkness, yet she
endeavoured to find the way to the cell. She remembered the situation of the
outward door and of the passage, and having passed these, she unclosed the
door of the cell. Within it was utterly dark. She trembled violently, but entered;
and having felt about the walls, at length seated herself on a projection of stone.
She here again addressed herself to Heaven, and endeavoured to reanimate her
spirits till Peter should arrive. Above half an hour elapsed in this gloomy recess,
and no sound foretold his approach. Her spirits sunk; she feared some part of
their plan was discovered or interrupted, and that he was detained by La Motte.
This conviction operated sometimes so strongly upon her fears, as to urge her to
quit the cell alone, and seek in flight her only chance of escape.
While this design was fluctuating in her mind, she distinguished through the
grate above a clattering of hoofs. The noise approached, and at length stopped
at the tomb. In the succeeding moment she heard three strokes of a whip; her
heart beat, and for some moments her agitation was such, that she made no
effort to quit the cell. The strokes were repeated: she now roused her spirits, and
stepping forward, ascended to the forest. She called Peter; for the deep gloom
would not permit her to distinguish either man or horse. She was quickly
answered, Hush! Ma'mselle, our voices will betray us.
They mounted and rode off as fast as the darkness would permit. Adeline's heart
revived at every step they took. She inquired what had passed at the abbey, and
how he had contrived to get away. Speak softly, Ma'mselle; you'll know all by and
by, but I can't tell you now. He had scarcely spoke ere they saw lights move
along at a distance; and coming now to a more open part of the forest, he set off
on a full gallop, and continued the pace till the horse could hold it no longer.
They looked back, and no lights appearing, Adeline's terror subsided. She
inquired again what had passed at the abbey when her flight was discovered.
You may speak without fear of being heard, said she, we are gone beyond their
reach, I hope.
Why, Ma'mselle, said he, you had not been gone long before the Marquis arrived,
and Monsieur La Motte then found out you was fled. Upon this a great rout there
was, and he talked a great deal with the Marquis.
Speak louder, said Adeline, I cannot hear you.
I will, Ma'mselle—
Oh! heavens! interrupted Adeline, What voice is this? It is not Peter's. For God's
sake tell me who you are, and whither I am going?
You'll know that soon enough, young lady, answered the stranger, for it was
indeed not Peter; I am taking you where my master ordered. Adeline, not
doubting he was the Marquis's servant, attempted to leap to the ground; but the
man, dismounting, bound her to the horse. One feeble ray of hope at length
beamed upon her mind; she endeavoured to soften the man to pity, and pleaded
with all the genuine eloquence of distress; but he understood his interest too well
to yield even for a moment to the compassion which, in spite of himself, her
artless supplication inspired.
She now resigned herself to despair, and in passive silence submitted to her fate.
They continued thus to travel, till a storm of rain accompanied by thunder and
lightning drove them to the covert of a thick grove. The man believed this a safe
situation, and Adeline was now too careless of life to attempt convincing him of
his error. The storm was violent and long, but as soon as it abated they set off on
full gallop; and having continued to travel for about two hours, they came to the
borders of the forest, and soon after to a high lonely wall, which Adeline could
just distinguish by the moonlight, which now streamed through the parting
clouds.
Here they stopped: the man dismounted, and having opened a small door in the
wall, he unbound Adeline, who shrieked, though involuntarily and in vain, as he
took her from the horse. The door opened upon a narrow passage, dimly lighted
by a lamp, which hung at the further end. He led her on; they came to another
door; it opened, and disclosed a magnificent saloon splendidly illuminated, and
fitted up in the most airy and elegant taste.
The walls were painted in fresco, representing scenes from Ovid, and hung above
with silk, drawn up in festoons, and richly fringed. The sofas were of a silk to suit
the hangings. From the centre of the ceiling, which exhibited a scene from the
Armida of Tasso, descended a silver lamp of Etruscan form; it diffused a blaze of
light that, reflected from large pier glasses, completely illuminated the saloon.
Busts of Horace, Ovid, Anacreon, Tibullus, and Petronius Arbiter, adorned the
recesses, and stands of flowers placed in Etruscan vases breathed the most
delicious perfume. In the middle of the apartment stood a small table spread with
a collation of fruits, ices, and liqueurs. No person appeared. The whole seemed
the works of enchantment, and rather resembled the palace of a fairy than any
thing of human conformation.
Adeline was astonished, and inquired where she was; but the man refused to
answer her questions; and having desired her to take some refreshment, left her.
She walked to the windows, from which a gleam of moonlight discovered to her
an extensive garden, where groves and lawns, and water glittering in the
moonbeam, composed a scenery of varied and romantic beauty. What can this
mean! said she: Is this a charm to lure me to destruction? She endeavoured, with
a hope of escaping, to open the windows, but they were all fastened; she next
attempted several doors, and found them also secured.
Perceiving all chance of escape was removed, she remained for some time given
up to sorrow and reflection; but was at length drawn from her reverie by the
notes of soft music, breathing such dulcet and entrancing sounds as suspended
grief and awaked the soul to tenderness and pensive pleasure. Adeline listened in
surprise, and insensibly became soothed and interested; a tender melancholy
stole upon her heart, and subdued every harsher feeling: but the moment the
strain ceased, the enchantment dissolved, and she returned to a sense of her
situation.
Again the music sounded—music such as charmeth sleep—and again she
gradually yielded to its sweet magic. A female voice, accompanied by a lute, a
hautboy, and a few other instruments, now gradually swelled into a tone so
exquisite as raised attention into ecstasy. It sunk by degrees, and touched a few
simple notes with pathetic softness, when the measure was suddenly changed,
and in a gay and airy melody Adeline distinguished the following words:

SONG.

Life's a varied, bright illusion,

Joy and sorrow—light and shade;
Turn from sorrow's dark suffusion,
Catch the pleasures ere they fade.

Fancy paints with hues unreal,

Smile of bliss, and sorrow's mood;
If they both are but ideal,
Why reject the seeming good?

Hence! no more! 'tis Wisdom calls ye,

Bids ye court Time's present aid;
The future trust not—Hope enthralls ye,
"Catch the pleasures ere they fade."
The music ceased; but the sounds still vibrated on her imagination, and she was
sunk in the pleasing languor they had inspired, when the door opened, and the
Marquis de Montalt appeared. He approached the sofa where Adeline sat, and
addressed her, but she heard not his voice—she had fainted. He endeavoured to
recover her, and at length succeeded; but when she unclosed her eyes, and
again beheld him, she relapsed into a state of insensibility; and having in vain
tried various methods to restore her, he was obliged to call assistance. Two
young women entered; and when she began to revive, he left them to prepare
her for his reappearance. When Adeline perceived that the Marquis was gone,
and that she was in the care of women, her spirits gradually returned; she looked
at her attendants, and was surprised to see so much elegance and beauty.
Some endeavour she made to interest their pity; but they seemed wholly
insensible to her distress, and began to talk of the Marquis in terms of the
highest admiration. They assured her it would be her own fault if she was not
happy, and advised her to appear so in his presence. It was with the utmost
difficulty that Adeline forbore to express the disdain which was rising to her lips,
and that she listened to their discourse in silence. But she saw the inconvenience
and fruitlessness of opposition, and she commanded her feelings.
They were thus proceeding in their praises of the Marquis, when he himself
appeared; and waving his hand, they immediately quitted the apartment. Adeline
beheld him with a kind of mute despair while he approached and took her hand,
which she hastily withdrew; and turning from him with a look of unutterable
distress, burst into tears. He was for some time silent, and appeared softened by
her anguish: but again approaching and addressing her in a gentle voice, he
entreated her pardon for the step which despair, and, as he called it, love had
prompted. She was too much absorbed in grief to reply, till he solicited a return
of his love; when her sorrow yielded to indignation, and she reproached him with
his conduct. He pleaded that he had long loved and sought her upon honourable
terms, and his offer of those terms he began to repeat; but raising his eyes
towards Adeline, he saw in her looks the contempt which he was conscious he
deserved.
For a moment he was confused, and seemed to understand both that his plan
was discovered and his person despised; but soon resuming his usual command
of feature, he again pressed his suit, and solicited her love. A little reflection
showed Adeline the danger of exasperating his pride by an avowal of the
contempt which his pretended offer of marriage excited; and she thought it not
improper, upon an occasion in which the honour and peace of her life was
concerned, to yield somewhat to the policy of dissimulation. She saw that her
only chance of escaping his designs depended upon delaying them, and she now
wished him to believe her ignorant that the Marchioness was living, and that his
offers were delusive.
He observed her pause; and in the eagerness to turn her hesitation to his
advantage, renewed his proposal with increased vehemence—To-morrow shall
unite us, lovely Adeline; to-morrow you shall consent to become the Marchioness
de Montalt. You will then return my love and——
You must first deserve my esteem, my Lord.
I will—I do deserve it. Are you not now in my power, and do I not forbear to take
advantage of your situation? Do I not make you the most honourable proposals?
—Adeline shuddered: If you wish I should esteem you, my Lord, endeavour, if
possible, to make me forget by what means I came into your power; if your
views are indeed honourable, prove them so by releasing me from my
confinement.
Can you then wish, lovely Adeline, to fly from him who adores you? replied the
Marquis with a studied air of tenderness. Why will you exact so severe a proof of
my disinterestedness, a disinterestedness which is not consistent with love? No,
charming Adeline! let me at least have the pleasure of beholding you till the
bonds of the church shall remove every obstacle to my love. To-morrow——
Adeline saw the danger to which she was now exposed, and interrupted him.
Deserve my esteem, Sir, and then you will obtain it: as a first step towards which,
liberate me from a confinement that obliges me to look on you only with terror
and aversion. How can I believe your professions of love, while you show that
you have no interest in my happiness?—Thus did Adeline, to whom the arts and
the practice of dissimulation were hitherto equally unknown, condescend to make
use of them in disguising her indignation and contempt. But though these arts
were adopted only for the purpose of self-preservation, she used them with
reluctance, and almost with abhorrence; for her mind was habitually impregnated
with the love of virtue, in thought, word, and action; and while her end in using
them was certainly good, she scarcely thought that end could justify the means.
The Marquis persisted in his sophistry. Can you doubt the reality of that love,
which to obtain you has urged me to risk your displeasure? But have I not
consulted your happiness, even in the very conduct which you condemn? I have
removed you from a solitary and desolate ruin to a gay and splendid villa, where
every luxury is at your command, and where every person shall be obedient to
your wishes.
My first wish is to go hence, said Adeline; I entreat, I conjure you, my Lord, no
longer to detain me. I am a friendless and wretched orphan, exposed to many
evils, and I fear abandoned to misfortune: I do not wish to be rude; but allow me
to say, that no misery can exceed that I shall feel in remaining here, or indeed in
being any where pursued by the offers you make me. Adeline had now forgot her
policy: tears prevented her from proceeding, and she turned away her face to
hide her emotion.
By Heaven! Adeline, you do me wrong, said the Marquis, rising from his seat and
seizing her hand; I love, I adore you; yet you doubt my passion, and are
insensible to my vows. Every pleasure possible to be enjoyed within these walls
you shall partake,—but beyond them you shall not go. She disengaged her hand,
and in silent anguish walked to a distant part of the saloon: deep sighs burst
from her heart, and almost fainting she leaned on a window-frame for support.
The Marquis followed her: Why thus obstinately persist in refusing to be happy?
said he: recollect the proposal I have made you, and accept it while it is yet in
your power. To-morrow a priest shall join our hands—Surely, being, as you are, in
my power, it must be your interest to consent to this? Adeline could answer only
by tears; she despaired of softening his heart to pity, and feared to exasperate
his pride by disdain. He now led her, and she suffered him, to a seat near the
banquet, at which he pressed her to partake of a variety of confectionaries,
particularly of some liqueurs of which he himself drank freely: Adeline accepted
only of a peach.
And now the Marquis, who interrupted her silence into a secret compliance with
his proposal, resumed all his gaiety and spirit, while the long and ardent regards
he bestowed on Adeline overcame her with confusion and indignation. In the
midst of the banquet, soft music again sounded the most tender and
impassioned airs; but its effect on Adeline was now lost, her mind being too
much embarrassed and distressed by the presence of the Marquis to admit even
the soothings of harmony. A song was now heard, written with that sort of
impotent art by which some voluptuous poets believe they can at once conceal
and recommend the principles of vice. Adeline received it with contempt and
displeasure; and the Marquis perceiving its effect, presently made a sign for
another composition, which, adding the force of poetry to the charms of music,
might withdraw her mind from the present scene, and enchant it in sweet
delirium.
 SONG OF A SPIRIT.

In the sightless air I dwell,

On the sloping sun-beams play;
Delve the cavern's inmost cell,
Where never yet did daylight stray.

Dive beneath the green sea waves,

And gambol in the briny deeps;
Skim every shore that Neptune laves,
From Lapland's plains to India's steeps.

Oft I mount with rapid force

Above the wide earth's shadowy zone;
Follow the day-star's flaming course
Through realms of space to thought unknown:

And listen oft celestial sounds

That swell the air unheard of men,
As I watch my nightly rounds
O'er woody steep and silent glen.

Under the shade of waving trees,

On the green bank of fountain clear,
At pensive eve I sit at ease,
While dying music murmurs near.

And oft on point of airy clift,

That hangs upon the western main,
I watch the gay tints passing swift,
And twilight veil the liquid plain.

Then, when the breeze has sunk away,

And ocean scarce is heard to lave,
For me the sea-nymphs softly play
Their dulcet shells beneath the wave.

Their dulcet shells! I hear them now,

Slow swells the strain upon mine ear
Now faintly falls—now warbles low,
Till rapture melts into a tear.

The ray that silvers o'er the dew,

 And trembles through the leafy shade,
And tints the scene with softer hue,
Calls me to rove the lonely glade;

Or hie me to some ruin'd tower,

Faintly shewn by moonlight gleam,
Where the lone wanderer owns my power
In shadows dire that substance seem.

In thrilling sounds that murmur woe,

And pausing silence makes more dread;
In music breathing from below
Sad, solemn strains, that wake the dead.

Unseen I move—unknown am fear'd!

Fancy's wildest dreams I weave;
And oft by bards my voice is heard
To die along the gales of eve.

When the voice ceased, a mournful strain, played with exquisite expression,
sounded from a distant horn; sometimes the notes floated on the air in soft
undulations—now they swelled into full and sweeping melody, and now died
faintly into silence, when again they rose and trembled in sounds so sweetly
tender, as drew tears from Adeline, and exclamations of rapture from the
Marquis: he threw his arm round her, and would have pressed her towards him;
but she liberated herself from his embrace, and with a look, on which was
impressed the firm dignity of virtue, yet touched with sorrow, she awed him to
forbearance. Conscious of a superiority which he was ashamed to acknowledge,
and endeavouring to despise the influence which he could not resist, he stood for
a moment the slave of virtue, though the votary of vice. Soon, however, he
recovered his confidence, and began to plead his love; when Adeline, no longer
animated by the spirit she had lately shown, and sinking beneath the languor and
fatigue which the various and violent agitations of her mind produced, entreated
he would leave her to repose.
The paleness of her countenance and the tremulous tone of her voice were too
expressive to be misunderstood; and the Marquis, bidding her remember to-
morrow, with some hesitation withdrew. The moment she was alone she yielded
to the bursting anguish of her heart; and was so absorbed in grief, that it was
some time before she perceived she was in the presence of the young women
who had lately attended her, and had entered the saloon soon after the Marquis
quitted it; they came to conduct her to her chamber. She followed them for some
time in silence, till, prompted by desperation, she again endeavoured to awaken
their compassion: but again the praises of the Marquis were repeated: and
perceiving that all attempts to interest them in her favour were in vain she
dismissed them. She secured the door through which they had departed, and
then, in the languid hope of discovering some means of escape, she surveyed her
chamber. The airy elegance with which it was fitted up, and the luxurious
accommodations with which it abounded, seemed designed to fascinate the
imagination and to seduce the heart. The hangings were of straw-coloured silk,
adorned with a variety of landscapes and historical paintings, the subjects of
which partook of the voluptuous character of the owner; the chimney-piece, of
Parian marble, was ornamented with several reposing figures from the antique.
The bed was of silk, the colour of the hangings, richly fringed with purple and
silver, and the head made in form of a canopy. The steps which were placed near
the bed to assist in ascending it, were supported by cupids apparently of solid
silver. China vases filled with perfume stood in several of the recesses, upon
stands of the same structure as the toilet, which was magnificent, and
ornamented with a variety of trinkets.
Adeline threw a transient look upon these various objects, and proceeded to
examine the windows, which descended to the floor and opened into balconies
towards the garden she had seen from the saloon. They were now fastened, and
her efforts to move them were ineffectual: at length she gave up the attempt. A
door next attracted her notice, which she found was not fastened; it opened
upon a dressing-closet, to which she descended by a few steps: two windows
appeared, she hastened towards them; one refused to yield, but her heart beat
with sudden joy when the other opened to her touch.
In the transport of the moment, she forgot that its distance from the ground
might yet deny the escape she meditated. She returned to lock the door of the
closet, to prevent a surprise, which, however, was unnecessary, that of the bed-
room being already secured. She now looked out from the window; the garden
lay before her, and she perceived that the window, which descended to the floor,
was so near the ground, that she might jump from it with ease: almost in the
same moment she perceived this, she sprang forward and alighted safely in an
extensive garden, resembling more an English pleasure ground, than a series of
French parterres.
Thence she had little doubt of escaping, either by some broken fence, or low part
of the wall; she tripped lightly along, for hope played round her heart. The clouds
of the late storm were now dispersed, and the moonlight, which slept on the
lawns and spangled the flowerets yet heavy with rain drops, afforded her a
distinct view of the surrounding scenery; she followed the direction of the high
wall that adjoined the chateau, till it was concealed from her sight by a thick
wilderness, so entangled with boughs and obscured by darkness, that she feared
to enter, and turned aside into a walk on the right; it conducted her to the
margin of a lake overhung with lofty trees.
The moonbeams dancing upon the waters, that with gentle undulation played
along the shore, exhibited a scene of tranquil beauty, which would have soothed
a heart less agitated than was that of Adeline: she sighed as she transiently
surveyed it, and passed hastily on in search of the garden wall, from which she
had now strayed a considerable way. After wandering for some time through
alleys and over lawns, without meeting with any thing like a boundary to the
grounds, she again found herself at the lake, and now traversed its border with
the footsteps of despair:—tears rolled down her cheeks. The scene around
exhibited only images of peace and delight; every object seemed to repose; not a
breath waved the foliage, not a sound stole through the air: it was in her bosom
only that tumult and distress prevailed. She still pursued the windings of the
shore, till an opening in the woods conducted her up a gentle ascent: the path
now wound along the side of a hill where the gloom was so deep, that it was
with some difficulty she found her way: suddenly, however, the avenue opened to
a lofty grove, and she perceived a light issue from a recess at some distance.
She paused, and her first impulse was to retreat; but listening, and hearing no
sound, a faint hope beamed upon her mind, that the person to whom the light
belonged, might be won to favour her escape. She advanced, with trembling and
cautious steps, towards the recess, that she might secretly observe the person,
before she ventured to enter it. Her emotion increased as she approached; and,
having reached the bower, she beheld, through an open window, the Marquis
reclining on a sofa, near which stood a table, covered with fruit and wine. He was
alone, and his countenance was flushed with drinking.
While she gazed, fixed to the spot by terror, he looked up towards the casement;
the light gleamed full upon her face, but she stayed not to learn whether he had
observed her, for, with the swiftness of sound, she left the place and ran, without
knowing whether she was pursued. Having gone a considerable way, fatigue at
length compelled her to stop, and she threw herself upon the turf, almost fainting
with fear and languor. She knew, if the Marquis detected her in an attempt to
escape, he would, probably, burst the bounds which she had hitherto prescribed
to himself, and that she had the most dreadful evils to expect. The palpitations of
terror were so strong, that she could with difficulty breathe.
She watched and listened in trembling expectation, but no form met her eye, no
sound her ear; in this state she remained a considerable time. She wept, and the
tears she shed relieved her oppressed heart. O my father! said she, why did you
abandon your child? If you knew the dangers to which you have exposed her,
you would, surely, pity and relieve her. Alas! shall I never find a friend! am I
destined still to trust and be deceived?—Peter too, could he be treacherous? She
wept again, and then returned to a sense of her present danger, and to a
consideration of the means of escaping it—but no means appeared.
To her imagination the grounds were boundless; she had wandered from lawn to
lawn, and from grove to grove, without perceiving any termination to the place;
the garden-wall she could not find, but she resolved neither to return to the
chateau, nor to relinquish her search. As she was rising to depart, she perceived
a shadow move along at some distance: she stood still to observe it. It slowly
advanced and then disappeared; but presently she saw a person emerge from
the gloom, and approach the spot where she stood. She had no doubt that the
Marquis had observed her, and she ran with all possible speed to the shade of
some woods on the left. Footsteps pursued her, and she heard her name
repeated, while she in vain endeavoured to quicken her pace.
Suddenly the sound of pursuit turned, and sunk away in a different direction: she
paused to take breath; she looked around, and no person appeared. She now
proceeded slowly along the avenue, and had almost reached its termination,
when she saw the same figure emerge from the woods and dart across the
avenue: it instantly pursued her and approached. A voice called her, but she was
gone beyond its reach, for she had sunk senseless upon the ground: it was long
before she revived: when she did, she found herself in the arms of a stranger,
and made an effort to disengage herself.
Fear nothing, lovely Adeline, said he, fear nothing: you are in the arms of a
friend, who will encounter any hazard for your sake; who will protect you with his
life. He pressed her gently to his heart. Have you then forgot me? continued he.
She looked earnestly at him, and was now convinced that it was Theodore who
spoke. Joy was her first emotion; but, recollecting his former abrupt departure, at
a time so critical to her safety and that he was the friend of the Marquis, a
thousand mingled sensations struggled in her breast, and overwhelmed her with
mistrust, apprehension, and disappointment.
Theodore raised her from the ground, and while he yet supported her, let us fly
from this place, said he; a carriage waits to receive us; it shall go wherever you
direct, and convey you to your friends. This last sentence touched her heart:
Alas, I have no friends! said she, nor do I know whither to go. Theodore gently
pressed her hand between his, and, in a voice of the softest compassion, said,
My friends then shall be yours; suffer me to lead you to them. But I am in agony
while you remain in this place; let us hasten to quit it. Adeline was going to reply,
when voices were heard among the trees, and Theodore, supporting her with his
arm, hurried her along the avenue; they continued their flight till Adeline, panting
for breath, could go no further.
Having paused a while, and heard no footsteps in pursuit, they renewed their
course: Theodore knew that they were now not far from the garden wall; but he
was also aware, that in the intermediate space several paths wound from remote
parts of the grounds into the walk he was to pass, from whence the Marquis's
people might issue and intercept him. He, however, concealed his apprehensions
from Adeline, and endeavoured to soothe and support her spirits.
At length they reached the wall, and Theodore was leading her towards a low
part of it, near which stood the carriage, when again they heard voices in the air.
Adeline's spirits and strength were nearly exhausted, but she made a last effort
to proceed and she now saw the ladder at some distance by which Theodore had
descended to the garden. Exert yourself yet a little longer, said he, and you will
be in safety. He held the ladder while she ascended; the top of the wall was
broad and level, and Adeline, having reached it, remained there till Theodore
followed and drew the ladder to the other side.
When they had descended, the carriage appeared in waiting, but without the
driver. Theodore feared to call, lest his voice should betray him; he, therefore,
put Adeline into the carriage, and went in search of the postillion, whom he
found asleep under a tree at some distance: having awakened him, they returned
to the vehicle, which soon drove furiously away. Adeline did not yet dare to
believe herself safe; but, after proceeding a considerable time without
interruption, joy burst upon her heart, and she thanked her deliverer in terms of
the warmest gratitude. The sympathy expressed in the tone of his voice and
manner, proved that his happiness, on this occasion, almost equalled her own.
As reflection gradually stole upon her mind, anxiety superseded joy: in the tumult
of the late moments, she thought only of escape; but the circumstances of her
present situation now appeared to her, and she became silent and pensive: she
had no friends to whom she could fly, and was going with a young chevalier,
almost a stranger to her, she knew not whither. She remembered how often she
had been deceived and betrayed where she trusted most, and her spirits sunk:
she remembered also the former attention which Theodore had shown her, and
dreaded lest his conduct might be prompted by a selfish passion. She saw this to
be possible, but she disdained to believe it probable, and felt that nothing could
give her greater pain than to doubt the integrity of Theodore.
He interrupted her reverie, by recurring to her late situation at the abbey. You
would be much surprised, said he, and, I fear, offended that I did not attend my
appointment at the abbey, after the alarming hints I had given you in our last
interview. That circumstance has, perhaps, injured me in your esteem, if, indeed,
I was ever so happy as to possess it: but my designs were overruled by those of
the Marquis de Montalt; and I think I may venture to assert, that my distress
upon this occasion was, at least, equal to your apprehensions.
Adeline said, she had been much alarmed by the hints he had given her, and by
his failing to afford further information concerning the subject of her danger; and
—She checked the sentence that hung upon her lips, for she perceived that she
was unwarily betraying the interest he held in her heart. There were a few
moments of silence, and neither party seemed perfectly at ease. Theodore, at
length, renewed the conversation: Suffer me to acquaint you, said he, with the
circumstances that withheld me from the interview I solicited; I am anxious to
exculpate myself. Without waiting her reply, he proceeded to inform her, that the
Marquis had, by some inexplicable means, learned or suspected the subject of
their last conversation, and, perceiving his designs were in danger of being
counteracted, had taken effectual means to prevent her obtaining further
intelligence of them. Adeline immediately recollected that Theodore and herself
had been seen in the forest by La Motte, who had, no doubt, suspected their
growing intimacy, and had taken care to inform the Marquis how likely he was to
find a rival in his friend.
On the day following that on which I last saw you, said Theodore, the Marquis,
who is my colonel, commanded me to prepare to attend my regiment, and
appointed the following morning for my journey. This sudden order gave me
some surprise, but I was not long in doubt concerning the motive for it: a servant
of the Marquis, who had been long attached to me, entered my room soon after I
had left his lord, and expressing concern at my abrupt departure, dropped some
hints respecting it, which excited my surprise. I inquired further, and was
confirmed in the suspicions I had for some time entertained of the Marquis's
designs upon you.
Jaques further informed me, that our late interview had been noticed and
communicated to the Marquis. His information had been obtained from a fellow-
servant, and it alarmed me so much, that I engaged him to send me intelligence
from time to time, concerning the proceedings of the Marquis. I now looked
forward to the evening which would bring me again to your presence with
increased impatience: but the ingenuity of the Marquis effectually counteracted
my endeavours and wishes; he had made an engagement to pass the day at the
villa of a nobleman some leagues distant, and, notwithstanding all the excuses I
could offer, I was obliged to attend him. Thus compelled to obey, I passed a day
of more agitation and anxiety than I had ever before experienced. It was
midnight before we returned to the Marquis's chateau. I arose early in the
morning to commence my journey, and resolved to seek an interview with you
before I left the province.
When I entered the breakfast room, I was much surprised to find the Marquis
there already, who, commending the beauty of the morning, declared his
intention of accompanying me as far as Chineau. Thus unexpectedly deprived of
my last hope, my countenance, I believe, expressed what I felt, for the
scrutinizing eye of the Marquis instantly changed from seeming carelessness to
displeasure. The distance from Chineau to the abbey was at least twelve leagues;
yet I had once some intention of returning from thence, when the Marquis should
leave me, till I recollected the very remote chance there would even then be of
seeing you alone, and also, that if I was observed by La Motte, it would awaken
all his suspicions, and caution him against any future plan I might see it
expedient to attempt; I therefore proceeded to join my regiment.
Jaques sent me frequent accounts of the operations of the Marquis; but his
manner of relating them was so very confused, that they only served to perplex
and distress me. His last letter, however, alarmed me so much, that my residence
in quarters became intolerable; and, as I found it impossible to obtain leave of
absence, I secretly left the regiment, and concealed myself in a cottage about a
mile from the chateau, that I might obtain the earliest intelligence of the
Marquis's plans. Jaques brought me daily information, and, at last, an account of
the horrible plot which was laid for the following night.
I saw little probability of warning you of your danger. If I ventured near the
abbey, La Motte might discover me, and frustrate every attempt on my part to
save you; yet I determined to encounter this risk for the chance of seeing you,
and towards evening I was preparing to set out for the forest, when Jaques
arrived, and informed me that you was to be brought to the chateau. My plan
was thus rendered less difficult. I learned also, that the Marquis, by means of
those refinements in luxury, with which he is but too well acquainted, designed,
now that his apprehension of losing you was no more, to seduce you to his
wishes, and impose upon you by a fictitious marriage. Having obtained
information concerning the situation of the room allotted you, I ordered a chaise
to be in waiting, and with a design of scaling your window, and conducting you
thence, I entered the garden at midnight.
Theodore having ceased to speak:—I know not how words can express my sense
of the obligations I owe you, said Adeline, or my gratitude for your generosity.
Ah! call it not generosity, he replied, it was love. He paused. Adeline was silent.
After some moments of expressive emotion, he resumed; But pardon this abrupt
declaration; yet why do I call it abrupt, since my actions have already disclosed
what my lips have never, till this instant, ventured to acknowledge. He paused
again. Adeline was still silent. Yet do me the justice to believe, that I am sensible
of the impropriety of pleading my love at present, and have been surprised into
this confession. I promise also to forbear from a renewal of the subject, till you
are placed in a situation where you may freely accept, or refuse, the sincere
regards I offer you. If I could, however, now be certain that I possess your
esteem, it would relieve me from much anxiety.
Adeline felt surprised that he should doubt her esteem for him, after the signal
and generous service he had rendered her; but she was not yet acquainted with
the timidity of love. Do you then, said she in a tremulous voice, believe me
ungrateful? It is impossible I can consider your friendly interference in my behalf
without esteeming you. Theodore immediately took her hand and pressed it to
his lips in silence. They were both too much agitated to converse, and continued
to travel for some miles without exchanging a word.

CHAPTER XII
 And hope enchanted smiled and waved her golden
hair,
And longer had she sung—but, with a frown,
Revenge impatient rose.
ODE TO THE PASSIONS.

The dawn of morning now trembled through the clouds, when the travellers
stopped at a small town to change horses. Theodore entreated Adeline to alight
and take some refreshment, and to this she at length consented. But the people
of the inn were not yet up, and it was some time before the knocking and the
roaring of the postillion could rouse them.
Having taken some slight refreshment, Theodore and Adeline returned to the
carriage. The only subject upon which Theodore could have spoke with interest,
delicacy forbade him at this time to notice; and after pointing out some beautiful
scenery on the road, and making other efforts to support a conversation, he
relapsed into silence. His mind, though still anxious, was now relieved from the
apprehension that had long oppressed it. When he first saw Adeline, her
loveliness made a deep impression on his heart: there was a sentiment in her
beauty, which his mind immediately acknowledged, and the effect of which, her
manners and conversation had afterwards confirmed. Her charms appeared to
him like those since so finely described by an English poet:

Oh! have you seen, bathed in the morning dew,

The budding rose its infant bloom display?
When first its virgin tints unfold to view.
It shrinks, and scarcely trusts the blaze of day.

So soft, so delicate, so sweet she came,

Youth's damask glow just dawning on her cheek.
I gaz'd, I sigh'd, I caught the tender flame,
Felt the fond pang, and droop'd with passion weak.

A knowledge of her destitute condition and of the dangers with which she was
environed, had awakened in his heart the tenderest touch of pity, and assisted
the change of admiration into love. The distress he suffered, when compelled to
leave her exposed to these dangers, without being able to warn her of them, can
only be imagined. During his residence with his regiment, his mind was the
constant prey of terrors, which he saw no means of combating but by returning
to the neighbourhood of the abbey where he might obtain early intelligence of
the Marquis's schemes, and be ready to give his assistance to Adeline.
Leave of absence he could not request, without betraying his design where most
he dreaded it should be known; and at length with a generous rashness, which
though it defied law was impelled by virtue, he secretly quitted his regiment. The
progress of the Marquis's plan he had observed with trembling anxiety, till the
night that was to decide the fate of Adeline and himself roused all his mind to
action, and involved him in a tumult of hope and fear, horror and expectation.
Never till the present hour had he ventured to believe she was in safety. Now the
distance they had gained from the chateau without perceiving any pursuit,
increased his best hopes. It was impossible he could sit by the side of his beloved
Adeline, and receive assurances of her gratitude and esteem, without venturing
to hope for her love. He congratulated himself as her preserver, and anticipated
scenes of happiness when she should be under the protection of his family. The
clouds of misery and apprehension disappeared from his mind, and left it to the
sunshine of joy. When a shadow of fear would sometimes return, or when he
recollected with compunction the circumstances under which he had left his
regiment, stationed as it was upon the frontiers, and in a time of war, he looked
at Adeline, and her countenance with instantaneous magic beamed peace upon
his heart.
But Adeline had a subject of anxiety from which Theodore was exempt: the
prospect of her future days was involved in darkness and uncertainty. Again she
was going to claim the bounty of strangers—again going to encounter the
uncertainty of their kindness; exposed to the hardships of dependance, or to the
difficulty of earning a precarious livelihood. These anticipations obscured the joy
occasioned by her escape, and by the affection which the conduct and avowal of
Theodore had exhibited. The delicacy of his behaviour, in forbearing to take
advantage of her present situation to plead his love, increased her esteem and
flattered her pride.
Adeline was lost in meditation upon subjects like these, when the postillion
stopped the carriage, and pointing to part of a road which wound down the side
of a hill they had passed, said there were several horsemen in pursuit! Theodore
immediately ordered him to proceed with all possible speed, and to strike out of
the great road into the first obscure way that offered. The postillion cracked his
whip in the air, and set off as if he was flying for life. In the meanwhile Theodore
endeavoured to reanimate Adeline, who was sinking with terror, and who now
thought, if she could only escape from the Marquis, she could defy the future.
Presently they struck into a by lane screened and overshadowed by thick trees.
Theodore again looked from the window, but the closing boughs prevented his
seeing far enough to determine whether the pursuit continued. For his sake
Adeline endeavoured to disguise her emotions. This lane, said Theodore, will
certainly lead to a town or village, and then we have nothing to apprehend: for,
though my single arm could not defend you against the number of our pursuers,
I nave no doubt of being able to interest some of the inhabitants in our behalf.
Adeline appeared to be comforted by the hope this reflection suggested: and
Theodore again looked back: but the windings of the road closed his view, and
the rattling of the wheels overcame every other sound. At length he called to the
postillion to stop; and having listened attentively without perceiving any sound of
horses, he began to hope they were now in safety. Do you know whither this
road leads? said he. The postillion answered that he did not, but he saw some
houses through the trees at a distance, and believed that it led to them. This was
most welcome intelligence to Theodore, who looked forward and perceived the
houses. The postillion set off. Fear nothing, my adored Adeline, said he, you are
now safe; I will part with you but with life. Adeline sighed, not for herself only,
but for the danger to which Theodore might be exposed.
They had continued to travel in this manner for near half an hour, when they
arrived at a small village, and soon after stopped at an inn, the best the place
afforded. As Theodore lifted Adeline from the chaise, he again entreated her to
dismiss her apprehensions, and spoke with a tenderness to which she could reply
only by a smile that ill concealed her anxiety. After ordering refreshments, he
went out to speak with the landlord; but had scarcely left the room when Adeline
observed a party of horsemen enter the inn yard, and she had no doubt these
were the persons from whom they fled. The faces of two of them only were
turned towards her, but she thought the figure of one of the others not unlike
that of the Marquis.
Her heart was chilled, and for some moments the powers of reason forsook her.
Her first design was to seek concealments but while she considered the means,
one of the horsemen looked up to the window near, which she stood, and
speaking to his companions they entered the inn. To quit the room without being
observed was impossible; to remain there, alone and unprotected as she was,
would almost be equally dangerous. She paced the room in an agony of terror,
often secretly calling on Theodore, and often wondering he did not return. These
were moments of indescribable suffering. A loud and tumultuous sound of voices
now arose from a distant part of the house, and she soon, distinguished the
words of the disputants. I arrest you in the king's name, said one; and bid you,
at your peril, attempt to go from hence, except under a guard.
The next minute Adeline heard the voice of Theodore in reply. I do not mean to
dispute the king's orders, said he, and give you my word of honour not to go
without you; but first unhand me, that I may return to that room; I have a friend
there whom I wish to speak with. To this proposal they at first objected,
considering it merely as an excuse to obtain an opportunity of escaping; but after
much altercation and entreaty his request was granted. He sprang forward
towards the room where Adeline remained; and while a sergeant and corporal
followed him to the door, the two soldiers went out into the yard of the inn to
watch the windows of the apartment.
With an eager hand he unclosed the door; but Adeline hastened not to meet him,
for she had fainted almost at the beginning of the dispute. Theodore called loudly
for assistance; and the mistress of the inn soon appeared with her stock of
remedies, which were administered in vain to Adeline, who remained insensible,
and by breathing alone gave signs of her existence. The distress of Theodore was
in the mean time heightened by the appearance of the officers, who, laughing at
the discovery of his pretended friend, declared they could wait no longer. Saying
this, they would have forced him from the inanimate form of Adeline, over whom
he hung in unutterable anguish, when fiercely turning upon them he drew his
sword, and swore no power on earth should force him away before the lady
recovered.
The men, enraged by the action and the determined air of Theodore, exclaimed,
Do you oppose the king's orders? and advanced to seize him: but he presented
the point of his sword, and bade them at their peril approach. One of them
immediately drew. Theodore kept his guard, but did not advance. I demand only
to wait here till the lady recovers, said he;—you understand the alternative. The
man already exasperated by the opposition of Theodore, regarded the latter part
of his speech as a threat, and became determined not to give up the point: he
pressed forward; and while his comrade called the men from the yard, Theodore
wounded him slightly in the shoulder, and received himself the stroke of a sabre
on his head.
The blood gushed furiously from the wound: Theodore, staggering to a chair,
sunk into it, just as the remainder of the party entered the room; and Adeline
unclosed her eyes to see him ghastly pale, and covered with blood. She uttered
an involuntary scream, and exclaiming, They have murdered him, nearly
relapsed. At the sound of her voice he raised his head, and smiling held out his
hand to her. I am not much hurt said he faintly, and shall soon be better, if
indeed you are recovered. She hastened towards him, and gave her hand. Is
nobody gone for a surgeon? said she with a look of agony. Do not be alarmed,
said Theodore, I am not so ill as you imagine. The room was now crowded with
people, whom the report of the affray had now brought together; among these
was a man who acted as physician, apothecary, and surgeon to the village, and
who now stepped forward to the assistance of Theodore.
Having examined the wound, he declined giving his opinion, but ordered the
patient to be immediately put to bed; to which the officers objected, alleging that
it was their duty to carry him to the regiment. That cannot be done without great
danger to his life, replied the doctor; and—
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