Cross Product or Vector Algebra 149

CROSS PRODUCT OR Vector Product

VECTOR PRODUCT
vectors a and
cross product of two b, denoted by a x
Iector
or
angle between a and b and ñis a unit
vector b,is given by a x b
where0
is
form a right
hand system. perpendicular
to a and b
and
=la llb| sin 9 ñ,
b
and ñ
is a vector quantity, whose magnitude is, |a x b| = la|lbl sin 9. direction is such that n
d,

anglebetween
a and b. then sin 0 =
g/0is =0 la||b|
xa
a x b-
fora, and b, a -b x a,i.e. cross product of twO
vectorsa
(b x c)* (a x b) x c, in general. vectors is not
commutative.
s
For
a , b and
c, a x
For
Distributhiveproperty:
For vectors a. b and c, a x(b + c)= a x b+ a
E
xc
z8For a and b, a xb= 0 a = 0, b = 0 or allb
vectors
non-zero vectors a and b
wantto show
that twO are parallel, then we should
show that a xb = 0.
9 f
Geometrically,| a x b|represents the area of a paralelogram whose adjacent sides are along a and b.
we

ned. triangle whose sides are along a and bis given by 1 |a x b\.
Areaof a
whose diagonals are along d, and d, is given by 1 |dh x
11. parallelogram dzl.
Areaof a
parallelogram whose one side and one diagonals are along vectors a and bis |a x b|.
12
ap
Areaof X, yand | Z-axes respectively, then
13
are vectors along
=i0, k x R - 0, i x j =k;j xk=i; kxi=j.
ixi=0, j xj ) = (2ax b)= (aa x nb), where a and b are given vectorS.
scalar2,, a(ax b
15Fora
t+ b,j +C,k,then a xb
Hi=ai +b,j + C,k;b =a,i = a xb is â
perpendicular to a and b la xb|
17 Unit vector n
b. then we take +ñ.
find unit vectors perpendicular to a and b, then wefind k û.
0If we
haveto
of magnitude k units and perpendicular to vectors a and find kn.
: vector
haveto find a units and perpendicular to vectors a and b,then we
nIf we of magnitude k
have tofind vectors
()f we

Vectors/ Multiplication of Vector

Type of Vectors/ Addition of Vector / Section Formula
Vector/ /Components of a
by aScalar
0, ki =0 (1Mark)

Questions 3kis
6i -2)+ [CBSE
Choice magnitudeofthe vector
MCØs Multiple 2. The
2023]
(d) 12
= a,i +a,j + a,k and (6)5 (c) 7
andBDareits
LIvo vectors a
b,k are collinear if [CBSE2023] (a) 1
is a
parallelogramand AC [CBSE2023(C)]
b=b,i+ b,j + 3. IfABCD BDis: (d) 2BD
0 then A +
(a) ab,t a,b, + ab, = diagonals, (b) 24B (c) 2BC
(c)a, = b, a, = b, ay = b, (a) 2D
(b)
b;
(a) a +a, ta, = b, + b, +
 Product
(Mathematics)-12.
Scalar
(148 Chapterwise CBSE PYQs Productor
Dot SCALAR
PRODUCT
PAODUCTOR c
or
DOT Vector
where
e is
vectors a
and b. then their scalar 1.
given b and
betweentwWO a,

the angle b
vectors. If e is la||b| cos .
x

Scalar or dot product of two

a

bya .b = 2.
i sa
or dot product, denoted by
a.b is given If
0
3.
4 .For
a,

5 .For
vec

6 .Fora
a.b is a scalar quantity.
PROD
UCTS 7 .Distri

(a.b).c is not defined. 8 .ForV

vectors a andb.a-b = b:a. 9. Ifwe

bommutative property: For 10. Geo

-(b-c) is
not hold as a not defined.
associative property does 11. Are
a. b, c.,
Associative property: For vectors
a-c. 12. Ar
SCAL
AR c: a-(b + c) = a-b +
property: For vectors a. b.
DIstributive 13. Ar

= (a)-b = la-b), where 2 is a scalar. 14. If

For vectors a and b; a-(ab)
a= 0. b = 0 or a L b. 15. F
TO For vectors a and b: a-b = 0
16.
is equal to the square of its magnitude.
For vector a, a-a = a2= |a |2. i.e. square of a vector
RELA
TED 17.
a-b
Projection of a along b is and projection vector of a along b is

a-b
Angle between a andb is given by cos 0 = where is the angle between a and b.
RES
ULTS
If i, j, k are unit vectors along x, y and z-axes respectively, then i = j' = K= 1; i-j = 0, -k
= 0.k-i =0
If a = a,i + 6,j + c,k and b = a, + b,j + G,k,
then a -b = a,a, + b,b, + C,C.
If aLb, (or a is orthogonal to b)
then a-b =0 ’ a,a, + b,b, + C,Cy = 0

Ife is the angle between a =a,i +b,j +

c,k and b=a,i +b,j+ C,k, then cos a,a, +b,b, t+ CC
=
|Vaf+ bË +c Vaf +bË +cd
 (Mathematics)-12.
(b) 8a +7b
150) Chapterwise CBSE PYQs
vectorsa-25 (a) 4d + 76 5
position - 76 (d) a + 46
4. Let Pand Qbe two pointswith position vector of a (c) 4d rhombus whose diagonals
and 2a + respectively. The Oexternally
in
5. ABCD
is a
point which divides the join of
the ratio 3: 2 is:
P and[CBSE 2023(C)1 EB + EC + ED equals
Then E¢ + (b)AD
(a) 0
(c) 2BC int[eC(a)rHSseEc,t2AD2Y21
at E

vector of the
(2 Marksy
Type Questions Write the position point w
Very Short Answer
vectorswhi3ach -di videx
VSA 12. position
condition the join of points with: 1.
6. Three vectors a b and c satisfy the 2a +36 in the
ratio 2
a +b+c = 0. Evaluate the quantity
H=a· b + b. c +¢.a If
la|= 3. lb|=4 13. Write
the number
both
of vectors of
the vectors a=2
(uniCBSEt 20Ian6d
and |c|=2.
[CBSE 2023] perpendicularto
6=j+k. +j+2klengtandh
direction [CBSE 20l6
7. If a, b and c are three vectors such that |a|=
vector in the
|6|=24, |c| = 25 and a + b +c = 0, then find 14. Findthe unit of
the vectors 2i + 3j
-kand 4i -3j +2k. the sum of
perpendicular ICuniBSEt 2015)
the value of a . + b.c + c .a.
[CBSE 2023(C)] areemutually
15. If â,b and
8. If the sum of twounit vectors is a unit vector, prove
that the magnitude of their difference is /3.
16.
then find the value of |2å t b +l.
Write a unit vectorin the direction of the[CBSE 2015) vectors,
[CBSE 2019]
vectors a = 2i +j -5k andb=2i +j sum of the
9. If the points with position vectors 10 +3j, 12i - 5j
and i + 11i are collinear, find the value of .
[CBSE 2017(C)] [CBSE
17. Find the value ofp for which the vectors
3i
20l41
10. Find the position vector of a point which divides the and i -2pj + 3k are parallel. +2} +k
join of points with position vectors a - 2b and 2a + b [CBSEbL2014)
18. If a and b are perpendicular vectors, |a
externally in the ratio 2: 1. [CBSE 2016]
and Ja = 5, find the value of b|.
11. The two vectors i+k and 3i -j+ 4k represent the
19. Find a vector in the direction of [CBSE 2014)
two sides AB and AC, respectively of a A4BC. Find
the length of the median through A. [CBSE 2016] which has magnitude 21 units.
vector 2i -3j +6k
|CBSE 2014)
SA Short Answer Type Questions
(3 Marks)
20. If a=i+ +3k and b=2i +4- 5k represent two 21. If a, b, care unit vectors such that
adjacent sides of a parallelogram, find unit vectors a+b+c=i
parallel to the diagonals of the parallelogram. then write the value of a b +bc+ca.
[CBSE 2020] |CBSE 2016)
Dot Product or Scalar Product

MCOs Multiple Choice Questions

(1 Mark)
22. If a, b and (a + b)are all
unit vectors and 0 is the angle
2T betweenaand b, then the value of 0is:
(a) 3 (b) [CBSE 2023(C)|
23. If i. i.k are unit (c) 3
vectors along three mutually (d) 6
(a) i"j = 1 perpendicular directions, then
(b) ixj=1 [CBSE 2020]
(c) i-k=0
(a) ixk=0
 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Vector Algebra (151
magnitude of.each of
VSA
the tWO vectors a and
magnitude
the
the same Such that the 26. If a (2 Marks)
having

60° and their

angle =i+j-of a4konandb.
projection
at E,
2AD0201
6,
between
themis
scalar product is

[CBSE 2018)
9
27. Find the b=+64+3k,
projection the vector
of
then find the
ICBSE 20151
eöand|a|=5,|B|==6and c|=9, then vector 2i
28. Write the3j + 6k. i +3j + k on the
and b.
angle between a
Ks) ind
the
[CBSE 2018(C)1 Vector . projection of [CBSE 2014)
vectori+Ë+k along the
ianddes ShorttAnswer Tyype Questions [CBSE 20141
SA
l6] 7 and
b
otwo vectors such that a + b |ÀL (3 Marks)
Bth (a + 26) is perpendicular to a. 33. If a =
And
that
prove --2k and b
b in the form of b =i+2 -3k, then express
then [CBSE 2022]ios = b, + b, where b, is
l6) i+5j, 3i +2j - 3k and i -6j krespec- to a and b, is parallel
vectors of points A, B, Cand
S
of are
tively
the position
the angle between the straight lines AB 34. If a, b and c are
perpendicular to a. [CBSE 2017]
thenfind
mutually
equal magnitudes, find theperpendicular
D, whether AB and CD are collinear or vectors Ot
S CD. Find
and
[CBSE 20191 2a + b+2c makes with the angles which the vector
le not.
and - be three vectors such that \a | = 1, vectors a, b and c .
a,b [CBSE 2017(C)]
ILLet and,|cl=3. If the projection of b along a 35. Vectors a, b c and
isil=2
equal arec=7.
tothe projection of c along a andb,c arela |=3,|b|=5 and| such that
Findathe
+b+ c =0
angle and
between
perpendicular
-tooeach other,then:find | 3a -26 + 2c|.
a and b.
[CBSE 20191 [CBSE 2014]
are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal 36. The scalar product of the vector a = i+j+k
with a unit vector along the sum of the vectors
+ is equally
+ b +c
magnitudes,sshowthatthe vector a b = 2i + 4-5k and c = i +2+ 3k is equal to
b and c. Also, find the angle which one. Find the value of and hence find the unit
inclinedto a.
makes with a or b or c. [CBSE 2017] vector along b + c. [CBSE 2014]

Cross Product or Vector Product

Questions (2 Marks)
VSA Very Short Answer Type
40. If a=i +Ë +k, ab=l and axb=j -k, then find
+ 3k and b = 2i + 3i
I. For the vector a = i -2j [CBSE 20221
aand a xb is
-sk,verifiy that the anglebetween vectorsi-2j+3k and
[CBSE 2023(C)] 41. If 0is the angle between two [CBSE 20181
3i - 2j+k, find sin .
|a| =3, |b|= 3 between the vectors axb and b xa.
vectors a and b are such that 42. Write the angle [CBSE 2017(C)]
NIf the the angle between
and a x b is a unitvector, then find and |a|=5,then write
a and b.
[CBSE 2023] 43. If(axb' +(a-b) =225 [CBSE 2017(C)]
sides the value of | b|. write
39. Findthe area of a parallelogram whose adjacent laxb+|a-bf=400 and |a = 5, then
by the vectors a =i-j+ 3k and 44.If [CBSE 2016]
are determined [CBSE 2023] the value ofb
b=2i -7j + k.
 (Mathematics)-12 value of the following:
(152) Chapterwise CBSE PYQS Write the
ixi+k) +j x(k + i)) + kx(i +)
46.
adjacent sides
45. Find the area of a parallelogram whose and 4j + 2k.
de represented by
the vectors 2i- 3k [CBSE 2015] [CBSE 2I41
(3 Marks)
SA Short Answer Type Questions 53. Find the
area of a parallelogram ABCD
47. If a and b are unit vectors and 0isthe
angle between AB and the
diagonal DB
5i + 7k and 2i + 2j
+ 3k
are given by
side whose
respectively. the vectors
show[CBSE.that 201y
=-l[CBSE 2022]
them, then prove that sin If a
>xb=cXd:and a x c =bxd.,
ABC with 54. is parallel to b-c. where a d and b +c. a-à
48. Using vectors, find the area of the triangle
5, -1).
vertices A(1, 2, 3), B(2, -1, 4) and C(4, [CBSE 2020]
adjacent sides of a [CBSE 20161
49. Leta =4i +5j-&,b=i- 4i +5k and c= 3i +j k.
Find a vector d which is perpendicular to both
55. The two
4j-5k and 2i +2j + 3£. Find
2i -
vectors parallel to its diagonals.
paral ethelothegrtwoam uniaret
Using
C and b and d .a = 21. [CBSE 2018] vectors, find the area of the
parallelogram. diagonal
S0. Show that the points A, B, C with position vectors
56. If r = xi tyj +zk, find (rxi).(rxi.
[CBSE, 20l6)
2i - j+k, i- 3j- Sk and 3i -4j 4k respectively.
are the vertices of a right-angled triangle. Hence find
[CBSE 2018(C)]
57. If a =i+2j + k, b = 2i + i and
[CBSE 201S]
the area of the triangle.
c=33i - 4-sk,
then find a unit vector perpendicular to
51. Find the area of a parallelogram ABCD whose side both of the
AB and the diagonal AC are given by the vectors vectors (a - b) and (c -b).
3i +Ë + 4k and 4i + 5k respectively. [CBSE 2017]
58. Find a unit vector perpendicularr to both ofi
[CBSE 20IS)
the vectorS
52. If a=2i+j-k, b=4Ë -j+k, find avector c such
that a Xc=b and ac =6. [CBSE 2017]
a +b and a -b where a
=i+j+k,b:=i+[CBSE)+sk.2014)
SOLUTIONS
1. (6), a = aji +ayj +a;k
B = b,i +byj +b,k 4. (a), P(a-26), Q(2a + b)
Ifaandb are collinear
a || b 3:2 externally or 3 :-2 internally
i.e., or -3:2 internally
b b, b,
2. (c), Let V= 6-2i +3k :2(a -25) +3(2ã +b)
3-2
Magnitude of given vector is
| | = va+b'+c -2a +46 + 6a +36
1 -=4a +76
| | = V6) +(-2)°+ (3)²
= /36 + 4+9 = /49 = 7 5. (a), as EB = -E and EÃ =-E
3. (c), AC= AB + BC D
D C
’ AC = AB + AD
.)
BD = AD - AB
...)
A
AC +BD =24D =2B (: A
AD = BC)
EA+ EB +E +E =0