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sem_9,10 (Discrete random variables.)

The document outlines various problems related to the distribution of discrete random variables, including calculations involving probabilities, expected values, and variances. It covers scenarios such as bridge hands, contagious disease spread, typographical errors, and lottery ticket purchases. Additionally, it includes exercises on Poisson and binomial distributions, as well as the construction of distribution laws and functions.

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daddadw406
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4 views

sem_9,10 (Discrete random variables.)

The document outlines various problems related to the distribution of discrete random variables, including calculations involving probabilities, expected values, and variances. It covers scenarios such as bridge hands, contagious disease spread, typographical errors, and lottery ticket purchases. Additionally, it includes exercises on Poisson and binomial distributions, as well as the construction of distribution laws and functions.

Uploaded by

daddadw406
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEMINAR LESSON 9

Basic laws of distribution of discrete random variables.

1. Machuca’s favorite bridge hands are those with at least two aces. Determine the
number of times he should play in order to have a chance of 90% or more to get at
least two favorite hands? Recall that a bridge hand consists of 13 randomly selected
cards from an ordinary deck of 52 cards.
2. A town of 100,000 inhabitants is exposed to a contagious disease. If the probability
that a person becomes infected is 0.04, what is the expected number of people who
become infected?
3. Every week the average number of wrong-number phone calls received by a certain
mail-order house is seven. What is the probability that they will receive (a) two wrong
calls tomorrow; (b) at least one wrong call tomorrow?
4. Suppose that, on average, in every three pages of a book there is one typographical
error. If the number of typographical errors on a single page of the book is a Poisson
random variable, what is the probability of at least one error on a specific page of the
book?
5. Suppose that children are born at a Poisson rate of five per day in a certain hospital.
What is the probability that (a) at least two babies are born during the next six hours;
(b) no babies are born during the next two days?
6. From an ordinary deck of 52 cards we draw cards at random, with replacement, and
successively until an ace is drawn. What is the probability that at least 10 draws are
needed?
7. In 500 independent calculations a scientist has made 25 errors. If a second scientist
checks seven of these calculations randomly, what is the probability that he detects
two errors? Assume that the second scientist will definitely find the error of a false
calculation.
8. The box contains 7 standard and 3 defective parts. They take out the parts sequentially
until the standard one appears, without returning them back. 𝜀 - the number of
defective parts extracted. Sketch the distribution law of a discrete random variable,
calculate its expectation, variance, mean square deviation, draw a graph of the
distribution function.
9. The random variable X is distributed according to Poisson's law with the parameter λ
= 0.8. Compute: write out a formula for calculating the probability 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑚); find
the probability 𝑃(1 ≤ 𝑋 < 3);find 𝐸 (2𝑋 + 5) and 𝑉𝑎𝑟(5 − 2𝑋).
10. A random variable X has a geometric distribution with parameter p = 0,2. Construct a
distribution series of a random variable X. Construct a distribution polygon.
Determine the mathematical expectation, variance, and the mean square deviation of
the value X.
11. The probability of winning the lottery is p. One decided to buy one ticket from each
draw until he wins. a) find the probability that he will participate in the nth draw. b)
calculate the average number of tickets purchased. c) assuming that the prize is a
tenges, and the price of one ticket is b tenges, calculate the average prize.
12. The average number of erroneous connections per telephone subscriber per unit of
time is 8. What is the probability that for this subscriber the number of erroneous
connections will be more than 4?
13. There are 16 people in the national shooting team of the university, 6 of them are first
graders. Two members of the national team are chosen at random. Make up the
distribution law of a discrete random variable X is the number of first graders among
the selected ones. Find the numerical characteristics of this random variable, the
function 𝐹(𝑥) and sketch its graph.
14. There are 10% of defective products in the batch. 5 products were selected at random.
X is the number of defective products among the selected ones. The discrete random
variable X is distributed according to the binomial law: Make up the distribution law
of a random variable X. Find the distribution function, plot its graph. Calculate the
numerical characteristics of M(X), D(X), σ(X)).
15. The distribution function of a random variable X is given by

0 𝑥<0
𝑥
0≤𝑥<1
4
1
𝐹(𝑥) = 1≤𝑥<2
2
1 1
𝑥+ 2≤𝑥<3
12 2
{ 1 𝑥≥3

Compute the following


𝑃 (𝑋 < 2)
𝑃 (𝑋 = 2)
𝑃 (1 ≤ 𝑋 < 3)
3
𝑃 (𝑋 > )
2
𝑃(𝑋 = 5/2)
𝑃(2 < 𝑋 ≤ 7)

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