Md.

Abdul Malek
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
 AC Voltage Controller
An AC voltage controller produces a variable AC voltage from a
fixed AC supply voltage.

Application:
1. Industrial heating
2. On-load transformer connection changing
3. Light controls
4. Speed control of polyphase induction motors
5. Many more
Performance Parameters
• ac Voltage Controllers

On-Off Phase Three Phase

controllers controllers bidirectional
controllers

Single Phase Single Phase

unidirectional bidirectional Three Phase
controllers controllers unidirectional
controllers
• ac Voltage Controllers On-Off Controller

VS
G
1

Vm
+
+

R t
VS G Vo
2 VG1



t
Usually two types: VG2

On-Off Control t

Phase Control n m
Vo

t
• ac Voltage Controllers On-Off Controller : Output voltage

G
1 n m
Vo

R
VS G
2

t

2
td t 
n 1
  
2 2
Vr m s V sin
m  n 2π 0
m

n
Vr m s  VS
mn
 On–off Control

Fig. : Single phase AC voltage

controller.
 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
vs

Vm

0 ωt
π 2π
vg1k
0 α ωt
vg2k
0 ωt
vo π+α
Vm
0 α π 2π ωt

io
Vm/R
0 α π 2π ωt
Fig. : Single-phase full-wave controller. vSW

0 π ωt
2π
On–off Control
On–off Control
On–off Control
 Single-phase Half-wave Controller
vs

Vm

0 ωt
π 2π
vg1k
0 ωt
α
vo
Vm

α
0 π ωt
2π
io
Vm/R
0 α π 2π ωt

Fig. : Single-phase half-wave controller. vSW

0 π 2π ωt
Single-phase Half-wave Controller
 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
vs

Vm

0 ωt
π 2π
vg1k
0 α ωt
vg2k
0 ωt
vo π+α
Vm
0 α π 2π ωt

io
Vm/R
0 α π 2π ωt
Fig. : Single-phase full-wave controller. vSW

0 π ωt
2π
Single-phase Full-wave Controller
 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
vs

Vm

0 ωt
π 2π
vg1k
0 α ωt
vo π+α
Vm
0 α π 2π ωt

io
Vm/R
0 α π
Fig. : Single-phase full-wave controller. 2π ωt
 Single-phase Full-wave Controller
vs
Vm

0 ωt
π 2π
vg1k
0 α ωt
vg2k
0 ωt
vo π+α
Vm
0 α π 2π ωt
io
Fig. : Single-phase full-wave controller
with RL load. 0 π β 2π ωt
vL

0 π ωt
2π
vSW

0 π ωt
2π
[Muhammad-H.-Rashid]-Power-electronics---
devices
Three-phase Full-wave Controller

Fig. : Three-phase full-wave controller.

 Three-phase Full-wave Controller
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

Firing Sequence
0 ωt T1= 𝛼
7𝜋
T2= +𝛼
3
2𝜋
van vcb vbc T3= +𝛼
vab vac vba vca 3
3Vm/2 T4= π+𝛼
T1 T1 π+α 4π/3+α 2π
ωt 4𝜋
+𝛼
0 α π/3+α T4 T4 T5=
3
5𝜋
vbn T6= +𝛼
3

T3 T3 ωt
0
T6 T6 2π/3+α π+α 4π/3+α

vcn
T5 T5
0 ωt
T2 T2 2π

Fig. : Input-output waveform of three-phase full-wave controller with R load

for α=π/3 (π/3≤α<π/2). 21
 Three-phase Full-wave Controller
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

Firing Sequence
𝜋
ωt T1= 𝛼, + 𝛼
0 3
7𝜋 8𝜋
T2= + 𝛼, +𝛼
3 3
2𝜋
van vca vcb vab vac vbc vba vca T3= + 𝛼, π+𝛼
3
4𝜋
T1 T1 π+α 4π/3+α 2π T4= π+𝛼, +𝛼
3
ωt
0 α π/3+α T4 T4 T5=
4𝜋
+ 𝛼,
5𝜋
+𝛼
3 3
5𝜋
vbn T6= + 𝛼, 2π+𝛼
3
T3 T3 ωt
0
T6 T6 2π/3+α π+α

vcn
T5 T5
0 ωt
T2 T2 4π/3+α 2π

Fig. : Input-output waveform of three-phase full-wave controller with R load

for α=π/2. 22
 Three-phase Full-wave Controller
vi vcb vab vac vbc vba vca vcb

Firing Sequence
𝜋
ωt T1= 𝛼, + 𝛼
0 3
7𝜋 8𝜋
T2= + 𝛼, +𝛼
3 3
2𝜋
van vac T3= + 𝛼, π+𝛼
vca vcb vab vbc vba 3
4𝜋
T4 T1 T1 π+α 2π T4= π+𝛼, +𝛼
3
ωt
0 α π/3+α T5=
4𝜋
+ 𝛼,
5𝜋
+𝛼
T4 3 3
5𝜋
vbn T6= + 𝛼, 2π+𝛼
3
T6 T6 T3 T3
0 ωt
2π/3+α π+α

vcn
T5 T5 T2 T2
0 ωt
2π

Fig. : Input-output waveform of three-phase full-wave controller with R load

for α=2π/3 (π/2<α<5π/6).. 23