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Vector Analysis

This document summarizes key concepts from a textbook on electromagnetics. It covers vector analysis topics like vector algebra, coordinate systems, and vector calculus operations including gradient, divergence and curl. It provides examples of applying these concepts to vector fields in various coordinate systems. Vector calculus theorems like divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem and Helmholtz's theorem are also summarized along with classifications of vector fields.

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Ishmail Tarawally
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
110 views

Vector Analysis

This document summarizes key concepts from a textbook on electromagnetics. It covers vector analysis topics like vector algebra, coordinate systems, and vector calculus operations including gradient, divergence and curl. It provides examples of applying these concepts to vector fields in various coordinate systems. Vector calculus theorems like divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem and Helmholtz's theorem are also summarized along with classifications of vector fields.

Uploaded by

Ishmail Tarawally
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetics (I)

Chapter 2 Vector Analysis


Vector algebra Coordinate systems Vector calculus

Maxwells Equations

Electromagnetics (I)

The governing equations for electromagnetic energy involves vector and scalar calculation.

Electromagnetics (I)

Vector Algebra

Electromagnetics (I)

Vector Addition and Subtraction

Electromagnetics (I)

Product of Vector
Multiplication by a scalar Dot (scalar) product Cross (vector) product

Electromagnetics (I)

Product of Vector
Multiplication by a scalar

Dot (scalar) product

Electromagnetics (I)

Product of Vector

Electromagnetics (I)

Product of Vector
Cross (vector) product
A new product perpendicular to the plane containing the two Vectors.

Electromagnetics (I)

Product of Three Vectors

Vector Triple Product

Electromagnetics (I)

Electromagnetics (I)

Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

Electromagnetics (I)

Metric Coefficients
A conversion factor, hi, is defined and used to convert a differential change of the coordinates,dui, into a change in length,dl, where ui may not be a length and thus a conversion factor is needed.

Electromagnetics (I)

Differential Length change, Area, and Volume

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Electromagnetics (I)

Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

(r, , z)

(r, , )

Electromagnetics (I)

Cartesian Coordinates

Electromagnetics (I)

Cartesian Coordinates

Electromagnetics (I)

Cylindrical Coordinates

Electromagnetics (I)

Cylindrical Coordinates

Electromagnetics (I)

Spherical Coordinates

Electromagnetics (I)

Spherical Coordinates

10

Coordinate Transformation
Cylindrical coordinateCartesian coordinate

Electromagnetics (I)

where

Coordinate Transformation
Cylindrical coordinateCartesian coordinate
Change of variables

Electromagnetics (I)

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Coordinate Transformation
Spherical coordinateCartesian coordinate
Change of variables

Electromagnetics (I)

Coordinate Transformation
Spherical coordinateCartesian coordinate

Electromagnetics (I)

12

Coordinate Transformation
Spherical coordinateCartesian coordinate
where

Electromagnetics (I)

similarly,

A sin

Electromagnetics (I)

Metric Coefficients

13

Electromagnetics (I)

Differential Length change, Area, and Volume

1/2

Electromagnetics (I)

Basic Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

14

Integrals Containing Vector Functions


Line Integrals
Integral of scalar functions

Electromagnetics (I)

Cartesian coordinate

Integral of vector function (scalar line integral)

Cartesian coordinate

Electromagnetics (I)

Scalar Line Integral

(i) In Cartesian coordinates.

15

Electromagnetics (I)

Scalar Line Integral


(ii) In cylindrical coordinates.

Electromagnetics (I)

Scalar Surface Integral

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Electromagnetics (I)

Scalar Surface Integral

Electromagnetics (I)

Vector Calculus

17

Electromagnetics (I)

Gradient

Electromagnetics (I)

Gradient

For Cartesian coordinate

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Electromagnetics (I)

Example 2-16
The electrostatic field intensity E is derivable as the negative gradient of a scalar electric potential V; that is, E = V. (a)

(b)

Electromagnetics (I)

Vector Fields
Field: directed field lines flux lines or streamlines (i) Direction of the vector field: directed line or curve. (ii) Magnitude of the field: density of the lines.

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Electromagnetics (I)

Divergence

Electromagnetics (I)

Expression for Divergence


front surface (expanded as Taylor series)

back surface

Similarly,

20

Electromagnetics (I)

Expression for Divergence


Recall

Divergence of a vector field

A = axAx + ayAy + azAz

Electromagnetics (I)

Divergence of a Vector Field


General orthogonal coordinates

Cartesian coordinates

Spherical coordinates

Cylindrical coordinates

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Electromagnetics (I)

Divergence Theorem

Recall

Electromagnetics (I)

Example 3-20

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Electromagnetics (I)

Vector Calculus

Electromagnetics (I)

Gradient

For Cartesian coordinate

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Electromagnetics (I)

Divergence

Divergence of a vector field

Electromagnetics (I)

Divergence of a Vector Field


General orthogonal coordinates

Cartesian coordinates

Spherical coordinates

Cylindrical coordinates

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Electromagnetics (I)

Divergence Theorem

Recall

Electromagnetics (I)

Curl
(Vortex source can cause a circulation of a vector field around the field)

25

Electromagnetics (I)

Expression for Curl

Electromagnetics (I)

Expression for Curl

Similarly,

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Expression for Curl

Electromagnetics (I)

Curl of a vector field in Cartesian coordinates

Curl of a vector field in general orthogonal curvilinear coordinates

Electromagnetics (I)

Expression for Curl


General orthogonal coordinates

Cartesian coordinates

Spherical coordinates

Cylindrical coordinates

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Electromagnetics (I)

Basic Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

Electromagnetics (I)

Example 2-21

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Electromagnetics (I)

Stokes Theorem

where

Electromagnetics (I)

Divergence Theorem

Recall

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Example 2-22

Electromagnetics (I)

For surface integral

Electromagnetics (I)

Example 2-22

30

Electromagnetics (I)

Two Null Identities


Identity I

Two Null Identities


Identity II

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Electromagnetics (I)

Identity II

Electromagnetics (I)

Vector Field Classification

32

Electromagnetics (I)

Helmholtzs Theorem

Electromagnetics (I)

Helmholtzs Theorem

33

Electromagnetics (I)

Helmholtzs Theorem

Electromagnetics (I)

Helmholtzs Theorem

34

Example

Electromagnetics (I)

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