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The Internet of Things

The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT), detailing its characteristics, functional blocks, and the importance of understanding both physical and logical designs for efficient systems. It also covers Virtual Reality (VR), explaining its types, applications, and how it creates immersive experiences. Additionally, it describes smart systems, their functioning, examples, and the technologies that enable them.

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harmeetkhatri22
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12 views

The Internet of Things

The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT), detailing its characteristics, functional blocks, and the importance of understanding both physical and logical designs for efficient systems. It also covers Virtual Reality (VR), explaining its types, applications, and how it creates immersive experiences. Additionally, it describes smart systems, their functioning, examples, and the technologies that enable them.

Uploaded by

harmeetkhatri22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices that

communicate with each other and with the cloud. Some characteristics
of IoT include:
 Connectivity: IoT devices need to be connected to the internet to
function.
 Scalability: IoT systems can handle large amounts of data and
generate useful analysis.
 Real-time data processing: IoT devices can process data in real
time.
 Interoperability: IoT devices can communicate with each other and
with the cloud.
 Sensing: IoT devices can collect data using sensors, such as those
that measure temperature, pressure, location, and more.
 Dynamic nature: IoT systems are dynamic and can adapt to
changing conditions.
 Security: IoT systems need to be secure to protect user data.
 Intelligence: IoT systems can use data to make intelligent
decisions.
 Identity: IoT systems can identify devices and users.

The functional blocks of an Internet of Things (IoT) system are the


components that enable the system to sense, act, communicate, and
manage data.
Functional blocks
 Sensors: Collect data from the environment
 Processors: Analyze the data collected by the sensors
 Applications: Provide a user interface to view and analyze the data
 Gateways: Connect devices to the network
 Databases: Store data collected by the sensors
 Services: Monitor and control devices, publish and delete data, and
restore the system
 Security: Use authentication and other functions to secure the
system
 Management: Provide functions to manage the IoT system
How it works
1. Sensors collect data from the environment
2. The data is shared via the cloud and integrated with software
3. The software analyzes the data and transmits it to users via an app or
website
Physical design
 Focuses on the hardware, including sensors and network
infrastructure
 Describes how to assemble or configure specific solutions
 Involves storing and retrieving objects efficiently
 Is more graphical than textual
Logical design
 Focuses on the system's architecture, including data flow, protocols,
and software functionalities
 Is more conceptual and abstract than physical design
 Defines functions, features, and relationships
 Can be textual, graphic, or both
Understanding the design
 Understanding the physical and logical design of IoT is important
for designing and implementing efficient, reliable, and scalable IoT
systems
 Developers and businesses can use this understanding to create IoT
solutions that meet their specific needs

Types of VR
Fully immersive
Immersive VR system is closest to the virtual environment. It provides
the experience of highest level of immersion. This VR system is
expensive than others. It provides the closest feeling of being in virtual
world. This VR system comprises of three elements — a plausible and
richly detailed virtual world to explore, and a powerful computer that can
detect where you are going and adjust your experience accordingly,
hardware linked to the computer that fully immerses you in the virtual
world when you roam around.
Non-immersive
Non-immersive is the least immersive VR system and is non expensive.
It is also known as desktop VR system because the gadgets used are
limited to glasses and display monitors. An architect might build a
detailed 3D model of a new building to show the clients who can explore
it on a desktop by moving the mouse. This scenario can be considered as
a non immersive VR.
Semi–immersive
Semi–immersive provides a high level of immersion but the tools and
gadgets used are not so advanced and costly.

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated environment that


simulates reality, allowing users to interact with it. It's created using
computer hardware and software, and users can interact with it using
devices like headsets, goggles, or gloves.
How it works
 3D images: VR uses 3D images to create a simulated environment.
 Motion sensors: Motion sensors track the user's movements and
adjust the view on the screen in real time.
 Force-feedback: Force-feedback devices provide the sensation of
touch, allowing users to pick up and manipulate objects in the
virtual environment.
What it's used for
 Entertainment: VR is used in video games, where users can
immerse themselves in the game and control characters.
 Education: VR is used in medical, safety, and military training.
 Business: VR is used in virtual meetings.
History of VR
 Jaron Lanier coined the term "virtual reality" in 1987.

VR is important because it offers new ways to learn, train, and


experience entertainment. It allows people to practice skills in a safe
environment.
Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that creates a simulated
environment, allowing users to feel like they are in a different place or
world. VR puts you inside a computer-generated world that feels real. It
does this by using special equipment that covers your eyes and
sometimes your ears called VR Headset.
Virtual reality (VR) has many applications, including in entertainment,
education, healthcare, and more.
Entertainment
 Gaming: VR gaming provides an immersive experience where
players can interact with virtual characters and environments
 Cinematics: VR can create cinematic experiences that are more
engaging and immersive

Education
 Medical training: VR can help specialists practice precise
operations without being in an emergency
 Engineering: VR can be used to design architectural models
 Exploring the human body: VR can help students explore the
human body systems
Healthcare
 Communication: VR can help doctors share knowledge with
patients and vice versa
 Disease awareness: VR can help patients and doctors become more
aware of diseases and potential interventions

Tourism
 Marketing: VR can be used to demonstrate tourist destinations,
resorts, and hotels
Architecture
 Imagining buildings: VR can help people imagine how a building
or room will look
 Interior design: VR can help interior designers do their work
Automotive
 Design and engineering: VR can help reduce the need for physical
prototypes.

Smart systems are systems that can sense, analyze, and act on
their environment to make decisions. They can be electronic or
computer systems that use data to make predictions or adapt to their
environment.
How do smart systems work?
 Sensing: Smart systems use sensors to gather data about their
environment
 Analyzing: Smart systems analyze the data they gather to
understand their environment
 Acting: Smart systems use actuators to perform actions based on
their analysis
 Controlling: Smart systems use control systems to manage their
actions and the environment
What are some examples of smart systems?
 Autonomous vehicles
Smart systems can recognize traffic signs, road users, and other
external factors to drive autonomously
 Smart homes
Smart systems can use home automation devices to control lighting,
cleaning, and maintenance
 Smart watches
Smart systems can monitor health automatically
 Smart irrigation systems
Smart systems can water lawns only when needed and with the exact
amount of water needed
What technologies are used in smart systems?
 Artificial intelligence
 Machine learning
 Cyber-physical systems
 Edge/cloud computing
 Big data analytics
 Internet of Things (IoT) technologies

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