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4. NORMAL RANDOM VARIABLES

The document explains the normal probability distribution, highlighting its properties such as being bell-shaped, symmetrical, and having a total area of 1. It introduces the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7% Rule), which states that for normally distributed data, approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the data falls within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations from the mean, respectively. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of these concepts in real-world scenarios.

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Mikaella Martizano
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6 views19 pages

4. NORMAL RANDOM VARIABLES

The document explains the normal probability distribution, highlighting its properties such as being bell-shaped, symmetrical, and having a total area of 1. It introduces the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7% Rule), which states that for normally distributed data, approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the data falls within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations from the mean, respectively. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of these concepts in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

Mikaella Martizano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMAL

DISTRIBUTIONS
(The Empirical Rule)
Normal Probability Distribution is a probability
distribution of continuous random variables.
Many random variables are either normally
distributed or, at least approximately normally
distributed.

Examples: Height and weight


PROPERTIES OF
NORMAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
● The distribution curve is
bell-shaped
● The curve is symmetrical about its
center.
● The mean, median, and mode
coincide at the center
● The tails of the curve flatten out
indefinitely along the horizontal
axis but never touch it.
(the curve is asymptotic to the base
50% 50% line)
● The area under the curve is 1. thus,
it represents the probability or
proportion or the percentage
associated with specific sets of
measurement values
Factors that affect the curve of the normal
distributions:

● The change of value of the mean shifts the graph of the


normal curve to the right or to the left.

● The standard deviation determines the shape of the


graphs (particularly the height and width of the curve).
When the standard deviation is large, the normal curve
is short and wide, while a small value for the standard
deviation yields skinnier and taller graph.
THE EMPIRICAL
RULE
The Empirical Rule is also referred to as the
68-95-99.7% Rule. What it tells us is that for a
normally distributed variable, the following are true:

● Approximately 68% of the data lie within 1


standard deviation of the mean.
Pr(μ-σ <X<μ+σ)
● Approximately 95% of the data lie within 2
standard deviations of the mean.
Pr(μ - 2σ <X<μ +2σ)
● Approximately 99.7% of the data lie within 3
standard deviations of the mean.
Pr(μ-3σ < x < μ +3σ)
Example 1: The scores of the Senior High School
students in their Statistics and Probability
quarterly examination are normally distributed
with a mean of 35 and a standard deviation of 5.

Answer the following questions:


a. What percent of the scores are between 30 to
40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?
a. What percent of the scores are between 30 to 40?

68%

Answer: The scores that fall between 30 to 40 is


approximately 68% of the distribution.
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?

Answer: The scores corresponding to 95% of the


distribution are scores from 25 to 45.
Example 1: What is the frequency and relative frequency of babies weights
that are within:

μ = 6.11
σ = 1.63
μ = 6.11 σ = 1.63
μ = 6.11 σ = 1.63
Pr(μ-σ < X < μ+σ)
μ = 6.11 σ = 1.63
Pr(μ-2σ < X < μ+2σ)
μ = 6.11 σ = 1.63
Pr(μ-3σ < X < μ+3σ)

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