1- What is safety?

Safety refers to the condition of being protected from harm, danger, or risk.
It involves practices, measures, and systems designed to prevent accidents,
injuries, or damage.

2-What are the responsibilities of an HSE Officer?

 Risk Assessment: Identifying and evaluating hazards to prevent
accidents.
 Regulatory Compliance: Ensuring adherence to health, safety, and
environmental laws.
 Training: Conducting safety training for staff to promote safe
practices.
 Incident Investigation: Investigating accidents to identify causes and
improve safety.
 Emergency Preparedness: Developing emergency procedures and
conducting drills.
 Documentation: Keeping accurate safety records and reports.
 Continuous Improvement: Monitoring and recommending safety
improvements.

3-What is a ‘Permit to Work’ Procedure / Work Permit System?

 Formal Written System: Used to identify and assess potential
hazards before starting work.
 Communication Tool: Serves as a means of communication
between supervisors, operation teams, maintenance teams, and contract
personnel.
 Work Preparation and Execution: Ensures that work is carried out
safely with all involved parties informed of risks and safety measures.
 Risk Control: Identifies risks and establishes safety measures to
protect workers and the environment.
 Procedure Sequence: Involves issuing work permits and specifying
safety requirements based on the type of work.
4-Explain Types of Work Permit normally used in oil & gas industry?
Types of Work permits: 5 types of work permit
1. Hot Work Permit (red)
2. Cold Work Permit (green)
3. Radiography Permit (yellow)
4. Vehicle/mobile plant entry work permit
5. Confined Space Entry Permit
(a) Cold Work Permit:
A document that specifies precautions identifies hazards and controls all work that
is not hot and radiographic in nature.
(b) Hot Work Permit:
A document that specifies precautions, identifies hazards and controls all work
involving actual naked flames, sparks or has potential for creating sparks or heat.
(c) Radiography Work Permit:
A document that specifies precautions identifies hazards and control all work
involving radiographic in nature.
(d) Vehicle / Mobile Plant Entry Permit:
A document that specifies precautions identifies hazards and controls all work
involving entry of a vehicle or mobile plant into a hazardous area.
(e) Confined Space Entry Permit:
A document that specifies precautions identifies hazards and controls all work
involving entry to an enclosure, which has limited means of entry or exit, not
designed for continuous occupancy.

5-Explain Each Work Permit Validity? (As per KOC)

Hot / Cold / Radiography Permit:
Valid for a maximum duration of seven consecutive days from the date of issue
subject to renewal by the permit issuer. Note: Validity Period for Cold or Hot work
permit in Non-Hazardous area can be extended for a maximum one month with
approval from concerned Team Leader.
Confined Space Entry Permit:
Valid for one continuous work shift or part thereof; however the permit is to be
renewed / re-endorsed in case of crew change, transfer of responsibility, work
suspension or as recorded in the permit.
Vehicle / Mobile Plant Entry Permit:
Valid for one continuous works shift for Vehicle entry, whereas for Mobile Plant
Entry it is valid for maximum 7 consecutive working days from the date of issue
subject to renewal by Permit Issuer.

6-Explain Each Work Permit Distribution? (As per KOC)

Work Permit will be made out in FOUR COMPIES
 The Original for worksite
 1 set copy for Permit Applicant
 2 ND copy of all permits (except cold work permit) forwarded to FIRE TEAM
by the permit issuer
 3 rd. copy shall be retained by the issuing authority.
Note: After completion of work and permit closure as per procedure… Original
kept on record with Permit Issuer. 1st copy shall be retained by the Permit
Applicant (for minimum 6 months). 3rd copy can be given to Worksite Supervisor
for their record

7-What is e-WP (Electronic Work Permit)? (As per KOC)

Electronic Work Permit (e-WP) is a web-based solution through KOC intranet to
manage electronically the authorization process of non-routine activities which are
carried out in KOC business as per Permit to Work Procedure (KOC.SA.004).
8-What important details a work permits gives?
It is a form, which is signed by higher responsible people to carry out the specific
job. It clearly states:
 What is to be done,  Where,  When and  what are the safety precautions to be
taken.

9- What is Cold work, Hot Work and Radiography work?

Cold Work: Any work that does not involve a source of ignition or naked flame or
does not have spark generating potential is classified as a Cold Work.
Hot Work: Any work which involves the use of naked or a source of ignition or
spark generating potential is classified as a Hot Work.
Radiography Work: Any work that involves the use of a radioactive source, shall
be covered by a radiography work.

10- What is the Excavation? And types of excavation?

Any man made cavity, cut, trench or depression on an earth surface formed by
earth removal.
Types of Excavation:
A. Manual Excavation: The excavation without using any powered equipment.
B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or
mechanical equipment.

11-. Explain about Excavation Notification?

Excavation notification is a document to notify concerned authorities, who have
responsibility and jurisdiction for safety and integrity of above ground and
underground services existing at the propose site of excavation.
 Excavation notification must be supported by a work permit.
 Excavation notification is valid for 90 days from the date of issued.
 Excavation notification is required for all excavations regardless of depth

12-What is EXCAVATION HAZARDS?

 Cave-in or Soil Collapse: The risk of trench walls collapsing, burying
workers.
 Underground Installations: Danger from hitting or damaging buried
pipelines, cables, or utilities.
 Drowning: Water seepage into trenches, leading to drowning hazards.
 Excavating Machinery: The risk of being struck by machinery or
heavy equipment operating near the trench.
 Flammable or Toxic Gas Release: Potential for hazardous gas
release, causing fire or health risks.

13-Enlist precaution to be taken prior to taken to and during excavation work? OR

What is the safety precautions required for a safe excavation?

 EOD Clearance: Obtain Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD)

clearance before starting any excavation work in the KOC area.

 Distance from Pipelines:

 5 meters from hydrocarbon-carrying pipelines.

 3 meters from non-hydrocarbon pipelines, cables, and other
services.

 Ladder Safety:

 For excavations deeper than 1 meter, the ladder must extend at

least 1 meter above the edge.
 Provide ladders every 7.5 meters of lateral travel.
 Excavated Material Placement: Place excavated material at least 1
meter from the edge for depths up to 1.2 meters, increasing the distance
for deeper excavations.

 Machinery Safety: Keep heavy equipment and machinery at least 3

meters away from the edge of the excavation.

14- What is confined space?

 A confined space is an area with limited entry and exit that isn't meant for
continuous occupancy.
 It may contain dangerous substances like flammable or toxic gases, low
oxygen, or extreme temperatures.
 Examples include tanks, pipes, pits, trenches (over 1.2 meters deep), and
process vessels.

15-What are the Confined Space Hazards?

 Oxygen Deficiency – Insufficient oxygen levels can cause

asphyxiation.
 Presence of Toxic or Hazardous Gases – Gases like H2S, CO, and
NH3 pose serious health risks.
 Flammable or Combustible Materials – Hydrocarbons, sludge, and
other materials can lead to fires or explosions.
 Electrical Hazards or Moving Machinery – Contact with electricity
or machinery can result in serious injuries.

 Limited Entry/Exit and Restricted Access – Difficult access

increases the risk of accidents or delays in emergency situations.

16-What is the procedure for entering a confined space hazards? Or what are the
important PRECAUTIONS for confined space?
 obtain a permit and ensure complete isolation and safety checks.
 Pre-task meeting with entrants and assign a safety attendant.
 Use proper safety equipment (body harness, gas testing, and proper
lighting).
 Trained attendants and emergency preparedness are essential for
safety.

 Barricade the area with clear warning signs.

17-Q. What you know about working in a confined space entry? OR Explain about
confined space entry?

Definition: A confined space is a place with limited entry and exit, not designed
for continuous employee occupancy (e.g., tanks, pits, vessels).

Confined Space Entry Procedure:

 obtain a permit and ensure proper isolation.

 Regular gas testing to check for hazards.
 Use respiratory protection if needed.
 Conduct a pre-task meeting and make sure entrants understand the
risks.
 always have a standby attendant and logbook.
 Entrants must wear a body harness with a lifeline.

 Use safe electrical equipment and barricade the area.

18-Explain H2S? OR What is H2S and its characteristics explain?

 H2S is a toxic, flammable, colorless gas with a rotten egg smell.

 It is heavier than air, so it can accumulate in low areas.
 Exposure limits: 10 ppm for normal work, 100 ppm for emergency
rescue.
 Safety: Always use breathing protection when exposure exceeds 10
ppm.
 Health risk: It can cause headaches, eye irritation, and be fatal at
higher concentrations.

19-What are prominent H2S HAZARDS?

 H2S causes irritation in eyes and respiratory system.

 It leads to symptoms like dizziness, headaches, and nausea.

 High exposure can cause unconsciousness, brain damage, or

fatality.

20-Explain the precautionary measures to be taken while approaching

H2S prone area?

 Escape masks and gas detectors are essential for safety.

 Wear breathing apparatus when working in H2S areas and always
work in pairs.
 Know the wind direction and avoid low-lying areas.

 Always place warning signs in H2S areas and report any presence
to supervisors for immediate action.

21-How to treatment of persons affected by H2S?

To treat someone affected by H2S gas:

1. Wear proper safety gear: Anyone helping the victim must wear a
breathing apparatus (BA) with positive pressure.
2. Move the victim to fresh air: Quickly move the person to a safe
area, away from the gas, and preferably upwind of the leak.
3. Start resuscitation if needed: If the person isn’t breathing,
immediately begin artificial respiration or use a resuscitator if
 available. Continue until the person starts breathing on their own
or medical help arrives.
4. Call for medical help: Always get medical assistance as soon as
possible.

22-Define TLV-TWA, STEL and IDLH?

1. TLV-TWA (Time-Weighted Average): This is the average

concentration of a harmful substance in the air over an 8-hour
work shift (40 hours a week) that workers can safely breathe
without needing protective gear.
2. TLV-STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit): This is the maximum
amount of a substance that a person can be exposed to for up to 15
minutes at a time. A worker can be exposed up to 4 times in an 8-
hour shift, but there must be at least a 1-hour break between
exposures.
3. IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health): This is the
concentration of a substance that can be very harmful or even fatal
if someone breathes it. In these situations, special air-supplied
respirators are required for safety.

For different gases, the limits are:

GAS TLV- TWA STEL (PPM) IDLH (PPM)
(PPM)
Hydrogen 10 15 100
Sulphide (H2S)
Sulphur Dioxide 2 5 100
(SO2)
Ammonia (NH3) 25 35 300
Chlorine (Cl2) 0.5 1 10
Carbon Monoxide 25 20 1200
(CO)
23-What is Flash Point (FP)?
Flash Point (FP) is the lowest temperature at which a gas or vapor can briefly
catch fire if exposed to a spark or flame. It’s the point where the substance starts to
release enough vapor to form a flammable mixture with air.

24-What is Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT)?

Is the minimum temperature at which a solid, liquid, or gas will spontaneously
catch fire and burn without needing a spark or flame.

25- What are LEL/LFL and UEL/UFL?

LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) or Lower Flammable Limit:

This is the lowest concentration of gas or vapor in the air that can catch
fire if a spark is introduced. Below this concentration, the mixture is too
lean to burn.

UEL (Upper Explosive Limit) or Upper Flammable Limit:

This is the highest concentration of gas or vapor in the air where the
mixture will still burn. Above this concentration, the mixture is too rich
to burn.

Note:

 Gas detectors usually measure % LEL, and when the reading

reaches 100%, it means the mixture is at the LEL and can
potentially ignite.
 For combustible dust, if it blocks vision from a distance of 5 feet
or less, it is considered to be at the LEL (e.g., sulfur or coke dust).

26-What is scaffolding?
Scaffolding is a temporary platform used to support workers and
materials while they work on construction, maintenance, or demolition
tasks.

Types of scaffolding:

1. Permanent scaffolding: Built to stay in place for a long time.

2. Hanging scaffolding: Attached to a structure and hangs down.
3. Suspended scaffolding: Platforms that are suspended from above
and can be raised or lowered.
4. Mobile scaffolding: Scaffolding on wheels that can be moved
easily.

27-What are the points to be checked while green tagging erected scaffolding?

Points to check when green tagging scaffolding:

Before using a scaffold, check the tag. A green tag means the scaffold is
safe to use, while a red tag means it's not safe, and a yellow tag means
it can only be used for scaffolding work.

Things to check on the scaffold:

1. Ground level and stability: Ensure the ground is firm and even.
2. Sole plate: A base plate to distribute weight.
3. Base plate: Supports the scaffold posts.
4. Standards: Vertical posts of the scaffold.
5. Ledger: Horizontal bars that connect the standards.
6. Transom: Horizontal bars that support the planks.
7. Couplers: Connect scaffold tubes together.
8. Planks (boards): The surface where workers stand.
9. Toe boards: Prevent tools or materials from falling off the
scaffold.
10. Bracing: Provides support and stability.
11. Guard rails: Safety rails at the edge to prevent falls.
 12. Mid rail: A rail halfway up the scaffold to add extra safety.
13. Outriggers: Additional support to stabilize the scaffold.
14. Ladders: Ensure safe access to the scaffold.

28-What is Potential Hazards of scaffolding?

Risks of scaffolding collapse:

1. Falling from height: Workers can fall if the scaffold isn't secure.
2. Falling objects: Tools or materials can fall and injure people
below.
3. Slip and trip hazards: Wet or uneven surfaces can cause
accidents.
4. Pinch points or sharp edges: Workers might get caught or cut by
sharp parts of the scaffold.
5. Openings without guardrails: Gaps without safety rails can lead
to falls.
6. Erection during bad weather: Building scaffolding in storms,
high winds, rain, or poor visibility is unsafe.
7. Blocked emergency access: Scaffolds shouldn’t block escape
routes or walkways.

29-What is the cause of scaffolding failure?

Common causes of scaffolding accidents:

1. Unsecured ladder: A ladder that isn't properly fastened can slip.

2. Unsuitable or faulty materials: Using the wrong or damaged
materials can cause the scaffold to fail.
3. Narrow or uneven platform: If the scaffold platform is too
narrow or uneven, it’s unsafe to work on.
4. Missing guard rails or toe boards: Without guard rails or toe
boards, there’s a risk of falling or objects dropping.
 5. Improperly secured scaffold: If the scaffold isn’t securely
attached or braced to the building, it can collapse.
6. Overloading the scaffold: Placing too much weight on the
scaffold can cause it to break.

30- What is the precaution during scaffolding erection?

Here’s a simple summary of the key points for safe scaffolding erection
and use:

1. Supervision: Scaffolding must be set up and taken down by a

competent person (scaffolding supervisor).
2. Tags:
o Red tag = Dangerous, Do not use.
o Green tag = Scaffold is safe and ready to use.
3. Scaffold setup:
o 1-inch gap (25mm) between boards.
o Guardrails, midrails, and toe boards must be installed.
o Guard rails should be 0.9m to 1.15m high and fitted to the
inside of scaffold posts.
o Toe boards should be 6 inches (15cm) high and secured.
4. Ground and leveling:
o Use sole plates on soft ground.
o Base plates with screw jacks help level the scaffold.
o Ensure all standards (vertical posts) are straight.
5. Safety:
o Cross bracing or diagonal braces are needed to secure the
scaffold.
o Ladders must be provided for access, with a 4:1 ratio and an
angle of 75°.
o Ladder should rise 1 meter (42 inches) above the platform.
6. Work conditions:
o No work should be done on scaffolds during storms, high
winds, or poor visibility.
 7. Clear access:
o Scaffolds must not block access to emergency equipment,
fire exits, or other important areas.
8. Tightening:
o All scaffold couplers must be securely tightened.

These points ensure the scaffold is built safely and is ready for use
without any hazards.

31-What are the Hazards Associated with Electricity?

Common Electrical Hazards:

1. Inadequate wiring: Poorly installed or faulty wiring.

2. Exposed electrical parts: Wires or components that are
uncovered, posing a risk of electric shock.
3. Bad insulation: Wires with damaged or missing insulation,
increasing the risk of electric shock.
4. Underground systems: Hazards related to buried electrical cables
and tools.
5. Overloaded circuits: Circuits with excessive power, increasing
the risk of fires.
6. Damaged power tools/equipment: Broken or faulty tools and
equipment that can cause injuries or electric shocks.
7. Wrong PPE and tools: Using improper personal protective
equipment or tools for the job.
8. Overhead powerlines: Risk of coming into contact with high-
voltage powerlines.
9. Wet conditions: All electrical hazards are more dangerous in wet
or rainy conditions.

These risks must be carefully managed to ensure safety.

32-What are the Precautions to be taken to avoid electrocution?

1. Work Permit: Always use a work permit for electrical tasks.

2. Authorized Personnel: Only qualified and authorized people
should perform electrical work.
3. Insulating Mats: Use safety mats in front of high-voltage
equipment.
4. Grounding: Ensure all equipment is grounded and has GFCI or
ELCB protection.
5. Inspection: Always inspect electrical tools and equipment before
use.
6. Lock-out/Tag-out: Use lock-out/tag-out procedures when working
on electrical equipment.
7. Use Proper PPE: Wear the correct personal protective equipment.
8. Disconnect Power: Turn off power when not in use or when
changing parts.
9. Distance from Power Lines: Maintain a safe distance from
overhead power lines.

These are the key safety precautions to prevent electrocution.

33-What are safety precautions you will take for a temporary electrical
connection?

Safety Precautions for Temporary Electrical Connections:

1. Guard or Isolate Wiring: Protect or elevate temporary wiring to

prevent contact with workers or equipment.
2. Clearance: Ensure a minimum of 3 meters (10 feet) clearance
above walkways for circuits carrying 600V or less.
3. Insulated Wires: Ensure all wires are insulated from their support
structures.
4. Safe Lighting: Use properly insulated festoon lighting with cords,
lamp sockets, and connections.
 5. Approved Extension Cords: Use only approved and appropriate
extension cords for the job.
6. Avoid Exposed Sockets: Do not leave empty light sockets or
broken bulbs exposed.

35-Explain Fire Triangle?

The Fire Triangle shows the three things needed to start a fire:

1. Oxygen (Air)
2. Fuel
3. Heat (Source of ignition)

If any one of these is missing, a fire cannot happen.

36-What is the different class of fire/types of fire?

Classes of Fire:

1. Class A: Fires from solid materials like wood, paper, fabric,

rubber.
2. Class B: Fires from liquids like petrol, oil, or paint.
3. Class C: Fires from gases like propane, LPG, acetylene.
4. Class D: Fires from metals like sodium, potassium, magnesium
(requires special extinguishers).
5. Class E: Fires involving electrical equipment like wires or
appliances.

Each class of fire requires a specific method to extinguish it safely.

37-Which type of fire extinguisher is used for each class of fire? Safety ineterview
sheet
38-What is fire extinguishing principle?

Fire Extinguishing Principles:

1. Starving: Removing the fuel so that there's nothing left to burn

(e.g., turning off valves).
2. Smothering: Removing oxygen to stop combustion (e.g., using a
fire blanket, foam, or sand).
3. Cooling: Reducing the temperature of the fuel so it can't produce
combustion vapors (e.g., water spray).
4. Inhibiting the Flame Chain Reaction: Stopping the chemical
reaction in the flame zone (e.g., using dry chemical extinguishers
or inert agents).

The goal is to eliminate one or more components of the Fire Triangle to

stop the fire.

39-What is transmission of heat? Or What are the methods / modes for fire can
spread?

Methods of Heat Transfer and Fire Spread:

1. Conduction: Heat moves from one object to another through

direct contact (e.g., touching a hot surface).
2. Convection: Heat moves through a liquid or gas (e.g., hot air
rising).
3. Radiation: Heat travels through heat rays without needing a
medium (e.g., feeling the heat from a fire even if you're not
directly touching it).

These methods can cause fire to spread, and they are responsible for
starting, continuing, and putting out most fires.
40-Define Near Miss, Incident & accident? What is different between Incident &
Accident?

Definitions:

1. Near Miss: Any unexpected event that couldn’t have caused

injury, illness, or damage.
o Example: A water tanker tilts but doesn’t cause any damage.
2. Incident: Any unexpected event that could or couldn’t have
caused injury, illness, or damage .
o Example: A worker slips but doesn't fall or get injured.
3. Accident: An unplanned event that causes injury, death, or damage
to people, property, or the environment.
o Example: A car crash causes injury to people or damage to
vehicles.

Difference Between Incident & Accident:

 All accidents are incidents, but not all incidents are accidents.
 An accident causes harm (injury, damage), while an incident may
not result in harm but has the potential to do so.

41-What are Unsafe Acts & Unsafe Conditions?

Unsafe Acts:

Actions that violate safety procedures or lack safety precautions, which

can lead to accidents.

 Example: Working at height without fall protection.

Unsafe Conditions:

Physical conditions or environments that could cause accidents.

  Example: Working in a deep trench without proper sloping or
shoring.

Key Difference:

 Unsafe Acts are actions taken by people that can cause harm.
 Unsafe Conditions are hazardous physical environments or
situations that increase the risk of accidents.

42-Q. What is the different Hazardous Area Classification? (as per KOC) -What
you mean by Hazardous Area? What is Zone 0, 1 and 2.

Hazardous Area Classification:

A Hazardous Area is an area where a flammable atmosphere (gas,

vapor, or dust) may be present, either during normal operations or in
abnormal conditions.

Zones in Hazardous Areas:

1. Zone 0: An area where a flammable atmosphere is continuously

present or present for a long time (typically more than 1000
hours/year).
o Example: Inside a fuel storage tank.
2. Zone 1: An area where a flammable atmosphere is likely to occur
under normal operations (typically between 10 and 1000
hours/year).
o Example: Around pump seals or valves in refineries.
3. Zone 2: An area where a flammable atmosphere is not likely to
occur during normal operations and, if it does, it will only last for
a short time (typically less than 10 hours/year).
o Example: A room with electrical equipment that might leak
gas briefly.

Summary:
  Zone 0: Flammable atmosphere always or most of the time.
 Zone 1: Flammable atmosphere occasionally.
 Zone 2: Flammable atmosphere rarely, and for a short period.

43-. Incase of Fire, Accident, Gas leak or Explosion what you will do? How you
will safeguard your people at the site incase of any leak? Whom & How do you
communicate this emergency.

In case of Fire, Accident, Gas Leak, or Explosion:

1. Notify: Inform the nearest fire station or Burgan fire station with
clear details of the incident.
2. Stop Operations: Turn off all running equipment.
3. Evacuate: Evacuate personnel to the assembly area, moving in the
crosswind direction. Transport will take people to a safe area.
4. Head Count: Section heads or timekeepers will check if anyone is
missing.
5. First Aid & Medical Care: Injured individuals will receive first
aid and be sent to the nearest medical center.
6. Emergency Officer: The appointed Senior Safety Officer will
manage the emergency and provide instructions.
7. Work Permits: All work permits will be automatically void
during the emergency.
8. Wait for Further Instructions: People will remain in the safe
area until instructed by the Emergency Officer/KOC to return or
stay safe.

This is a quick and clear process to ensure safety and proper

communication during an emergency.

44-Q. Enlist precaution to be taken prior to start the WELDING and GRINGDING
works on the pipeline inside GC & why it is required? OR Explain Safety
Precaution for a Hot Work? OR What are the safety precautions you will take for a
hot work

Safety Precautions for Hot Work (Welding & Grinding):

1. Hot Work Permit: Always obtain a valid hot work permit before
starting.
2. Fire Protection:
o Use fire blankets to cover welding points, especially inside
GC or refinery areas.
o Keep a pressurized firewater hose nearby and wet the area.
o Remove combustibles from the work area.
3. Gas Testing: Regularly check for gas leaks in the area.
4. Fire Extinguisher: Ensure a valid fire extinguisher is readily
available.
5. Fire Watcher: Have a certified fire watcher present.
6. Equipment Inspection: Inspect all tools and equipment before
use.
7. Electrical Safety:
o Ensure welding machines are connected to GFCI/ELCB and
grounded with static earthing devices.
o Use insulated cables and check equipment for good
condition.
8. Secure Work Area: Ensure equipment and pipes are on a firm
base to avoid accidents.
9. Cover Potential Leak Areas: Ensure valves, flanges, and drains
with gas leaks are covered.

45- What are the Safety Precautions taken GAS WELDING & CUTTING?

 Hot Work Permit: Always get a valid hot work permit.

 Gas Testing: Regularly check for gas leaks.
 Flashback Arrestors: Install at both hose ends to prevent backfire.
 Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation, especially in confined spaces.
 Fire Safety: Keep fire extinguishers nearby and remove
combustibles.
 Fire Watcher: Have a trained fire watcher present.

 Equipment Inspection: Check all equipment (hoses, regulators, etc.)

before starting.

46-What are the welding and cutting hazards?

 Toxic Gases & Fumes: Harmful fumes from welding can affect
health.
 Fire & Explosion: Sparks or hot materials may ignite flammable
materials.
 Electrical Shock: Risk from arc welding equipment.
 Burns: Heat can cause burns during the process.

 Eye Injury: Flying particles or UV radiation can harm eyes.

47-What will be your action if someone informs you about accident?

Action if Informed About an Accident:

1. Get Information: Ask for the location and details of the accident.
2. Reach the Location: Upon arrival, assess the situation.
o If someone is injured, administer first aid and evacuate them
to the nearest medical center.
3. Report the Incident: Notify the nearest fire station (e.g., Burgan
Fire Station) with clear location and accident details.
4. Inform Relevant Authorities: Report to the client’s HSE
Specialist and the concerned project manager.
5. Accident Investigation: Investigate the accident, prepare a report
with a sketch and supporting documents, and submit it to the
client’s HSE Department.
 6. Major Accidents (Explosion, Fire, Gas Leak): Seek immediate
help from the fire station, follow evacuation procedures, and
ensure everyone is safe.

48-What is the Pyrophoric Scale?

Pyrophoric Scale:

 What it is: Pyrophoric scale is Iron Sulphide (FeS2) that forms

inside pipelines or piping systems.
 How it forms: It occurs when Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) or other
sulfur compounds react with iron.
 Hazard: It’s highly flammable and can ignite spontaneously
when exposed to air (due to an exothermic reaction).
 How to handle it: To safely manage it, you should douse it with
water and keep it wet until it is safely disposed of.
 Where it's found: It’s commonly found in pipelines or equipment
carrying H2S or other sulfur-containing gases or liquids.

49-What is the MSDS?

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet):

 Definition: It is a document that provides detailed information

about the physical and chemical properties of chemicals.
 Contents: It includes information about the health, safety, fire,
reactivity, and environmental hazards of the substance, as well
as the necessary precautions for handling it.
 Source: MSDS is provided by the manufacturer of the chemical.
50-What is the JSA?

JSA (Job Safety Analysis):

 Definition: A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a safety tool used to

identify and assess hazards associated with a specific job or task
before it begins.
 Purpose: It helps to define the job, equipment, tools, hazards, and
the preventive measures to be taken.
 Process:
o Completed before starting any new job.
o Filled out by supervisory staff.
o Discussed with the HSE Department.
o Signed by all involved to confirm understanding of the job
and safety measures.

51- What is EOD and what will be your responsibility if an EOD identified?

EOD stands for Explosive Ordinance Disposal.

 If an EOD is identified or an unidentified object is found, mark the

area to secure it and keep workers away.
 Assign a watchman if possible and inform the local fire station
with clear details.
 Stop all activities in the area until the KOC Ordinance Disposal
Squad clears it.

52- Define Lock out Tag out (LOTO) System?

Lockout Tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure to prevent the accidental

release of energy during maintenance or servicing.
  It involves locking off energy sources with a padlock and attaching
a tag with a "do not operate" warning.
 Only the person who applied the lock and tag should remove them.
 Ensure a valid isolation permit is obtained before performing
lockout/tagout.

53-Define Chemical Hazard Identification Tag?

Chemical Hazard Identification Tag (or Hazardous Material

Classification Tag) is a warning tag that informs about the hazards of a
material, such as fire, health, reactivity, or specific risks.

 It is color-coded:
o Red for fire hazard
o Blue for health hazard
o Yellow for reactivity
o Specific hazards (e.g., oxidizer, acid, corrosive) are also
indicated.

54-What are the general precautions to be taken before and during using
an ABRASIVE WHEEL?

Precautions for Using an Abrasive Wheel:

1. Check Speed: Ensure the spindle speed doesn’t exceed the

maximum speed marked on the wheel.
2. Secure the Wheel: Fit the wheel properly on the spindle and
tighten the nut without distorting the flange.
3. Protective Guard: Always have a protective guard in place for the
rotating wheel.
 4. Inspect the Wheel: Before use, check for cracks or defects by
performing a sound-test (ring-test).
5. Don’t Adjust While Rotating: Never adjust the wheel while it’s
spinning. Disconnect tools before changing the wheel.
6. Use Protective Gear: Wear eye and face protection (goggles, face
shield) and respiratory protection if needed.
7. Proper Rest Adjustment: For bench-mounted wheels, ensure the
wheel rest is adjusted close to the wheel.
8. Tag Damaged Wheels: Remove and tag any damaged or cracked
wheels with “Do Not Use.”
9. Signage: Place a sign near fixed abrasive wheels to warn workers.

These precautions ensure safe operation and reduce the risk of accidents
when using abrasive wheels.

55- What is safety precaution to be taken prior to start & during the
WORK AT HEIGHT & why it is required?

Safety Precautions for Work at Height:

1. Planning & Supervision: Ensure work is planned, organized, and

properly supervised.
2. Safe Access: Make sure the worksite has safe access/egress points
with fall protection.
3. Training: Workers should be trained on fall hazards and safety
measures.
4. Fall Protection Gear: Use safety harnesses, nets, or other fall
arrest systems.
5. Full Body Harness: Always secure the worker’s full-body harness
to a stable anchor.
6. Secure Tools: Ensure tools and equipment are fastened to prevent
accidental falls.
7. Barricades & Warnings: Use barriers and post danger signs
around the work area.
 8. Man Basket: Keep all body parts inside the man basket and wear a
helmet and fall protection.
9. Roof Work: For roofing above 6 feet, use safety harnesses, nets,
and guardrails.

56-What are the safety PRECAUTIONS to be taken while performing

LIFTING OPERATION?

Key Safety Precautions for Lifting Operations:

1. Load Security: Ensure the load is securely slung, and check the
load’s security once raised a few inches.
2. No Movement Under Load: Never allow workers beneath the
suspended load.
3. Crane Inspection: Ensure the crane and lifting equipment are
inspected and validated regularly.
4. SWL and Capacity: Verify that the crane's Safe Working Load
(SWL) and hook capacity are clearly marked and not exceeded.
5. Protect Slings: Protect slings from sharp edges with proper
packing, and never use damaged or worn-out slings.
6. Barricade Swing Area: Ensure the crane’s swing radius is
barricaded to avoid accidental entry into the danger zone.

57-What are the Potential HAZARDS while performing LIFTING

OPERATION?

Potential Hazards during Lifting Operations:

1. Hit or Crush by Hanging Load: Workers may be struck or

crushed by the load being lifted.
2. Falling Objects: Objects can fall from the lifted load, posing a
danger.
 3. Collapse of Lifting Equipment: Overloading the crane or lifting
equipment can cause collapse.
4. Crane Overturning: Improper positioning or overloading may
lead to crane overturning.
5. Failure of Lifting Gear: Lifting equipment like wire ropes, hooks,
shackles, and chains may fail under stress.

58-What is Rigging & Slinging?

Rigging & Slinging is the process of safely lifting and moving heavy
materials using equipment like cranes, wire ropes, hooks, shackles, and
chain pulleys. It involves proper selection and handling of slings and
rigging gear to ensure safe transportation and placement of loads.

59-Explain about Compress Gas Cylinders?

Compressed Gas Cylinders:

1. Cylinder Testing: Compressed gas cylinders must be tested to

ensure they can handle pressures higher than their normal
maximum pressure when filled. Contractors may need to provide
proof of this testing.
2. Cylinder Connections: Cylinders must have connections that
comply with standards like ANSI B 57.1-1975 or equivalent to
ensure proper and safe valve outlet and inlet connections.
3. Storage of Cylinders:
o Outside Storage: Cylinders should be shaded if stored
outdoors to protect from extreme temperatures.
o Inside Storage:
 Should be kept in a dry, well-ventilated, and well-
protected area.
  Cylinders must be stored at least 6 meters (20 feet)
away from combustibles to minimize fire risks.

60-What is dead man switch and what is the use of it?

Dead Man Switch:

 Function: Cuts off the flow from the sandblasting nozzle if the
operator loses control.
 Safety Feature:
o Automatically shuts off when the nozzle is dropped or
released.
o Ensures protection for the operator and surrounding property.
 Additional Features:
o Grounding: Nozzle shell is grounded to prevent electrical
shocks.
o Airline Spray Guns: Operate at high pressure (2,000–2,500
psi). If dropped, the safety mechanism shuts off the gun.
o Safety Catch: Keeps the spray gun off when not in use.

61- Explain PPE?

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment):

 Purpose: Protects employees from workplace hazards.

 Specificity: Different jobs require different types of PPE.
 Effectiveness: PPE is effective only if used properly.
 Role: Acts as a barrier between hazards and the human body.

62-What is Housekeeping?

 "A place for everything, and everything in its place."

 Should be maintained before, during, and after the job.
  Waste materials and rubbish pose fire and accident hazards.

63-What is Non-Hazardous Waste?

Unwanted materials or substances, other than hazardous ones, can exist

in the form of:

 Solids
 Sludge
 Slurry
 Liquids

Exceptions include:

 Hazardous materials that are regulated and require special

handling.

64- What is Hazardous Waste?

Hazardous Waste is any waste (solid, sludge, slurry, or liquid) that is:

 Combustible
 Explosive
 Inflammable
 Corrosive
 Reactive
 Toxic

65-What is Reduction Minimization?

Reduction Minimization is the process of reducing the quantity of
waste produced through:

 Review of operational practices

 Better inventory control
 Optimal use of raw materials

a. Re-use:
Reusing a material more than once.

b. Recycling:
Reprocessing waste into the same or a different product (e.g., oils, glass,
paper, plastics).

c. Recovery:
Obtaining materials or energy from waste for further use or reuse.

66- What is defensive driving?

Defensive Driving:

 Avoid Accidents: Drive safely, even if others make mistakes or

the weather is bad.
 Be Alert: Stay focused and aware of potential dangers.
 Look Ahead: Spot problems early by looking far ahead.
 Plan for Traffic Issues: Think ahead and stay prepared for
possible traffic problems.
 Drive Safely: Avoid contributing to accidents and respect traffic
rules.

67- Write in detail about construction waste management and safe

disposal

 Good housekeeping must be maintained during daily operations.

  Identify, classify, and document all waste streams in a waste
register.
 Disposal sites must be approved and designed by KOC.
 The subcontractor handling waste disposal must be licensed and
approved.
 Environmental incidents such as spills or discharges must be
properly managed and documented.
 Waste materials should be disposed of only in areas approved by
the Kuwait government.

68-Q. Enlist 5 main responsibilities of PERMIT APPLICANT.

1. Enter all required information in the permit before submitting for

approval.
2. Specify any preparatory work in the permit application.
3. Advise all personnel on their responsibilities under the work
permit system.
4. Ensure the worksite supervisor understands their responsibilities
before starting the job.
5. Ensure safety gears and appliances required for the work are
available.

69-Enlist 5 main responsibilities of PERMIT ISSUER.

1. Identify all hazards associated with the proposed work.

2. Ensure the work site is safely prepared, examined, and all
precautions are in place before work begins.
3. Cross-refer work permits that may interact or affect each other.
4. Ensure work is in a safe and acceptable condition:
o When work is suspended.
o Before restarting.
o When returning to normal operation.
 5. Properly follow shift change hand-over, ensuring permit
endorsement and transfer of responsibility.

70-Enlist 5 main responsibilities of WORK SITE SUPERVISOR.

1. Has detailed working knowledge of procedures related to the work

activity.
2. Does not start any job requiring a work permit until it is authorized
and issued.
3. Understands the limitations and restrictions of the work permit to
ensure safe work practices.
4. Ensures all members of the work party follow safe practices and
are aware of the limitations, restrictions, and hazards.
5. Ensures all precautions specified in the work permit are taken.

71-Q. What is the minimum height of the elevation requires the need of
fall protection? ( Safety harness, Safety belt etc.)
1.8 Mtr. or 6 ft.

72-What are the fall protection systems?

Safety belt  Safety harness  Lifeline  Safety Net  Guard rail system

73- In which situation a chin strap for Helmet is compulsory?

High windy times & Working at height.

74-What is the P.P.E. used for working personnel near or above water?
Life jacket

75-What are the criteria for selection of the respirators?

Physical, chemical & Toxic properties of the atmosphere
 Type of contaminant

 TLV

 Respiration hazard

 IDLH (Immediate Dangerous to Life/Health) of Concentration

 Eye irritation potential

76- What is SCBA?

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus.

77-What are the contents of SCBA?

 Compressed air cylinder  Full face piece

 Air supply hose  Pressure regulator

 Low pressure alarm  Pressure gauge

78- What are the Escape Respirators?

 Air Purifying Respirators ( Filter/Canister Type)
 SCBA(Self contained Breathing Apparatus

79-What is SCUBA?
Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

80-What is the function of the Escape Respirators?

Providing sufficient time to a person for escape from a suddenly occurring
Respiratory hazards
81- what is the function of Air purifying Respirators?
It remove the contaminant from the air by absorbing and or filtering.

82-What’s the normal rating for SCBA?

3 Minutes to 60 Minutes.

83-Q. Air purifying respirators can be used in Oxygen deficient

atmosphere? Say ‘Yes or No.
No If „ no „ Ask Why? Ans: It will only cleans the air , so when oxygen deficient
atmosphere ,it can't supply the additional air to compensate.

84- When performing the grinding work by hand grinding M/C , What
are the hazards will u expect?
 Eye injuries due to flying particles (metal chips)

 Wheel bursting

 Electric shock

 Cloth caught

85-What are the P.P.E. required for fabrication work?

 Cover all
 Helmet
 Safety shoe
 Hand gloves
 Face shield/Goggles.
 

86- What is intrinsically safe concept?

 The electrical equipment, which will be used in the hazardous atmosphere.
Must be intrinsically safe and certified.
 Intrinsically safe electrical equipment‟s spark will not expose in the
atmosphereit will be confined in the equipment itself.

87-What are the parameters of Risk management?

1. Identify 2. Evaluate 3. Recover 4. Mitigate 5. Prevent

88-Describe 2 types of Co2 system and their applications?

A. CO2 is contained in a pressure cylinder and is released by a squeeze trigger
mechanism through a horn type applicator, which is using for electrical fire.

B. Plain water expelled by pressure released from a CO2 cartridge, which is using
for normal fire.

89- What is flash back arrester?

It is a valve, which is protecting cylinders from backfire. It calls NRV (non-return
valve)

90- Define HAZAN, QRA AND HAZOP.

 HAZAN - Hazardous Analysis
 QRA - Quantified Risk Analysis
 HAZOP - Hazardous Operation
 HAZCH - Hazardous Chemical
 HAZAMAT - Hazardous Material
91- What is your understanding about HSE awareness? Write in full
details.
Promoting and disseminating the health safety and environment programs.

92- How do you implement HSE during construction through

commissioning of the project and on what basis?

To implement HSE during construction through commissioning:

1. Identify Major Hazards: Ensure all potential hazards that could

harm people, the environment, or property are identified at each
stage of the project.
2. Implement Control Measures: Introduce suitable control
measures to mitigate risks and prevent accidents.
3. Recovery Measures: Develop recovery and emergency response
plans in case of accidents or incidents.
4. Enforce Safety Rules: Strictly enforce safety procedures and
ensure compliance at all stages.
5. Training & Awareness: Provide necessary training to workers on
HSE procedures and make sure they are aware of safety risks.
6. Regular Inspections: Conduct regular safety inspections and
audits to ensure compliance with HSE standards.

Basis: Enforcing safety rules and procedures.

93- What is your concept of safety review of documents and drawings?

Safety Review of Documents and Drawings:

 Purpose: Identify hazards early to reduce risks.

  Goal: Ensure safety measures are part of the design.
 Benefit: Provides a reference to avoid errors and protect workers
and the environment.

94- What is SHORING?

Shoring is a support to prevent trench collapsing. If side of the trenches is unstable,
soft or chances to collapse then shoring is essential. It is to be made by
COMPETENT PERSONS.

95-What is Fire?
Fire is a chemical reaction of oxygen, heat, fuel and burning material, met together
will start the fire.

96- What is Hazard?

Something has the potential to cause harm.

97- What is Risk?

The chance or probability that a hazard will cause harm.

98- What is purpose of safety?

To save the life and protect the property.

99- What is the Isolation?

Temporary disconnection from the source of energy or hazard to ensure safety
during maintenance or repair work. It involves separating equipment or systems
from their energy source (e.g., electricity, gas, water) to prevent accidents or
exposure to hazards.

100- What is the maximum allowable limit for LEL?

For Hot Work less than 1 preferable „0‟ and for Cold Work up to 20

101- Flammable range of Ammonia?

 For Ammonia (NH3) LEL – 15% and UEL – 28% by volume in air.
 Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT) is 651.57C (1204 F) – Gas.
 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) – 25 PPM.
 The Short Time Exposure Limit (STEL) – 35 PPM. Toxicity of Ammonia:
 It is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs and all moist
parts of the body.

102- Explosive rang for H2S?

 LEL-4.5% UEL-45.5%
 Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT) – 260C (500 F)
 Threshold Limit Values (TLV) exposure is 10PPM

103- Function of Insulation?

Insulation will keep the heat of product, without insulation oil will be wax.

104- What is pipeline/ what is the purpose of pipeline?

It is a media to transport oil or gas from one location to another location.

105- What are welding and cutting?

Welding: A process where two or more metals are joined together by applying
heat, and sometimes pressure, to melt and fuse them.

Cutting: The reverse process, where metal is separated or sliced by applying heat
or mechanical force to the material.
106- What is the Work at height?
Work at height is an activity at an elevated location of more than 1.8 meters (6
feet) high from the working ground level.