Republic of the Philippines

𝕾𝖚𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖆𝖔 𝖉𝖊𝖑 𝕾𝖚𝖗 𝕾𝖙𝖆𝖙𝖊 𝖀𝖓𝖎𝖛𝖊𝖗𝖘𝖎𝖙𝖞

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses how the experimental study was conducted. It includes

the Research Design used, the Subjects, Sampling Procedure, Research Locale, Date

Gathering Procedure and Statistical Treatment employed in analyzing data.

Research Design

This study used experimental design to determine which of the two methods;

either deductive or inductive method is the most effective to be used in teaching

Expansion of binomial expressions using binomial theorem and Pascal’s triangle. This

design measures the dependent variable at a subsequent time. The dependent variable

in this study was the achievement level of the students as measured between the

comparison of the subject’s pretest and post- test results. The independent variables

which were the two methods used in teaching, were expected to have an effect on the

dependent variable. This design determines the effect of the independent variable on

the dependent variable through providing a comparison of the respondents’ condition

before and after the test administration. This design determines the method that has

greater impact on the dependent variable through providing a comparison of the

subjects’ scores.
 Republic of the Philippines
𝕾𝖚𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖆𝖔 𝖉𝖊𝖑 𝕾𝖚𝖗 𝕾𝖙𝖆𝖙𝖊 𝖀𝖓𝖎𝖛𝖊𝖗𝖘𝖎𝖙𝖞
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph

Research Locale

This study was conducted at Surigao del Sur State University Main Campus for

the second semester of Academic Year 2015- 2016. It is situated at Rosario, Tandag,

Surigao del Sur.

It has five division campuses located in the towns of Tagbina, San Miguel,

Lianga, Cagwait and Cantilan. Particularly, the research locale for this study is the

Tandag Campus which is the main campus using two sections of College Algebra

classes of the College of Teacher Education.

Subjects

The subjects of this study were the first year students of College of Teacher

Education who were taking up College Algebra Course during the second semester,

Academic Year 2015- 2016. The chosen sample for Deductive Group were taught

during Saturday 1:00- 3:00 pm, the Inductive Group were also taught on the same day

at 3:00 – 5:00 pm.

Table 1

Distribution of Subjects

Sections Male Female Total No. of

Inductive Group 16 14 30
 Republic of the Philippines
𝕾𝖚𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖆𝖔 𝖉𝖊𝖑 𝕾𝖚𝖗 𝕾𝖙𝖆𝖙𝖊 𝖀𝖓𝖎𝖛𝖊𝖗𝖘𝖎𝖙𝖞
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph

Deductive Group 17 13 30

Total 33 27 60

Research Instrument

This study used a researcher-made test in College Algebra with expanding a

binomial expression using the Binomial Theorem and Pascal’s Triangle as subject

matter which was subjected under validity and reliability tests. It consist of 20 items

multiple choice test that include topics on Binomial theorem and Pascal’s triangle. A

Table of Specifications was formulated to guide the researchers in the construction of

the test items.

To test the validity of the questionnaire, content validity was conducted. In

content validity the researchers identified three experts in mathematics who had been

teaching mathematics for many years to check whether each item has relevance to the

topics, whether there is coherence on the statement and the proportion of questions

included in the entire instrument. The result of the content validation is found in the

Appendix F.

After the content validation of the test with the experts, a tryout of the content

validated questionnaire for reliability purposes was conducted to students who were

already through taking up College Algebra for item analysis. These were selected third
 Republic of the Philippines
𝕾𝖚𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖆𝖔 𝖉𝖊𝖑 𝕾𝖚𝖗 𝕾𝖙𝖆𝖙𝖊 𝖀𝖓𝖎𝖛𝖊𝖗𝖘𝖎𝖙𝖞
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph

year Bachelor of Elementary Education of the College of teacher Education in this

University. The result of the item analysis is found in Appendix G.

During the reliability procedure, the researchers used the internal consistency

method in which the examinee either passes or fails an item. A rating of (1) one is

assigned for correct answer and (0) zero for incorrect response. This method is

obtained by using the Kuder- Richardson Formula 20. The result of reliability procedure

for the questionnaire is found in Appendix H.

Sampling Procedure

From the five sections with a total of 43 students for Block A, 45 students from

Block B, 25 students from Block C, 45 students from Block D, and 17 from Block E first

year college students enrolled in College Algebra offered in the College of Teacher

Education, the researchers randomly chosen 60 students which were included in the

study using “fishbowl” random sampling technique. The researchers assigned names of

all those students which were written on pieces of papers and placed it in a container.

After this, the researchers randomly picked up 60 students which were needed as

subjects’ of the study. From the 60 students chosen, two groups or sections were made.

The first 30 students chosen were placed as first section and taught using Deductive

Method. The last 30 students chosen were placed as second section and taught using

Inductive Method.
 Republic of the Philippines
𝕾𝖚𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖆𝖔 𝖉𝖊𝖑 𝕾𝖚𝖗 𝕾𝖙𝖆𝖙𝖊 𝖀𝖓𝖎𝖛𝖊𝖗𝖘𝖎𝖙𝖞
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph

Data Gathering Procedure

From the five sections and a total of 175 first year college students enrolled in

College Algebra offered in the College of Teacher Education, the researchers randomly

chosen 60 students which were included in the study using “fishbowl” random sampling

technique. Two sections were randomly chosen from the five sections enrolled in

College Algebra. The two sections were also randomly assigned to the two methods of

teaching being identified using fishbowl random sampling technique.

The pretest that covers on the Binomial Theorem and the Pascal’s Triangle was

administered before the start of the formal instruction done on the first day of the

experimentation period. The students were oriented on how the class is to be conducted

for them to be responsive on the activities prepared for them.

In the Deductive Method, the researchers employed lecture method. During the

discussion, the lesson started with a definition giving formulas, then examples. After

which board exercises followed. The students were given the chance to ask questions

for clarification.

In the Inductive Method, the students were grouped into three groups. Each

group was provided with a sheet that directs them on how to do the given activities. The

instructional sheets contained explanation on how to undergo the given task and

provides problem exercises that they have to solve. They were allowed to ask questions

to the instructor- researcher if ever they wanted to clarify on something. The purpose of

this approach is to let students formulate ideas, questions, and conclusions from the

activities they performed using the appropriate instructional sheet given by the
 Republic of the Philippines
𝕾𝖚𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖆𝖔 𝖉𝖊𝖑 𝕾𝖚𝖗 𝕾𝖙𝖆𝖙𝖊 𝖀𝖓𝖎𝖛𝖊𝖗𝖘𝖎𝖙𝖞
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph

instructor- researcher. After covering the topic on how to expand binomial expression

with the use of Binomial theorem and Pascal’s Triangle, a posttest was administered to

both sections.