Dr.

Aswini Kumar Ray

Asst. Librarian, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan
[email protected]

Library Cataloguing tools (AACR2)

Catalogue Codes, and their evolution

The catalogue code means a set of rules with defined terminology designed for cataloguing
purposes and rules means single provision to carry out cataloguing work.

Evolution of catalogue codes

Development of Catalogue Codes After the beginning of the 17th century, Sir Thomas Bodley
evolved a catalogue code for the Oxford University Library. The important modern catalogue
codes are described as follows:

British Museum Code (1841) The earliest code of cataloguing which has exerted considerable
influence over the subsequent codes is Panizzis 91 rules printed as prefatory matter in the British
Museum Catalogue of 1841. Rules for Compiling the Catalogue of Printed Books, Maps and
Music.

Charles C. Jewett Code (1852) The American libraries seriously considered the need to bring
out a code of cataloguing rules. Jewett, Librarian of the Smithsonian Institute prepared a code of
39 rules in 1852.

Cutter’s Rules (1876) Charles Ammi Cutters published rules for a Dictionary Catalogue (RDC)
containing 205 rules from Washington these were considered the standard for dictionary
catalogue.
The Prussian Instructions-PIN Code (1899) The rules for the alphabetical catalogues of the
Prussian libraries gave a significant contribution to cataloguing rules. PIN may be taken to be the
second important code of a non-local nature. It was designed originally for compiling a union
catalogue of the then German State Libraries.

Dziatzka Code (1886) Prof. K. Dziatzka, a German librarian published his code Special features
of the code are:- one is that It does not accept the principle of corporate authorship, entry being
made under title, and secondly The grammatical arrangement of title entries is preferred.

Anglo-American Code (1908) The American Library Association (1876) and Library
Association (1877) issued independent set of rules in respectively. Both decided to issue a
combined code to secure greater uniformity in cataloguing between English speaking areas in
1908.

Vatican Code (1931) In 1927, the Vatican Library was offered aid by the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace to compile a new catalogue for its collection and a team of American
Librarians consisting J.C.M Hanson and W.W. Bishop compiled a catalogue of Printed Books
Published in Italian in 1931.

ALA Rules (1949) ALA Cataloguing 174 Rules for Author and Title Entries. Rules for
Descriptive Cataloguing in the Library of Congress. Both Library Associations (LA & ALA)
cooperated in preparation for a new joint code but due to outbreak of war, British participation
was discontinued.

Classified Catalogue Code (1964) Unique contribution of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan from India
which can be claimed as universal code. It is the first code complete in every respect for a
classified catalogue. The subject approach has been recognized as the dominant one in CCC.
AACR-1 (1967) Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules It was prepared by the ALA, The Library
of Congress, The Library Association (London) & The Canadian Library Association. It was
edited by Semour Lubetzky from 1956-62, but later on due to difference of opinion on rules for
institution, he resigned and Mr. C Sumner Spalding completed the work in 1962-65.

AACR-2 (1978) It is prepared by ALA, The British Library, the Canadian Committee on
Cataloguing, The Library Association and the Library of Congress and is edited by Michael
Gorman and Paul W. Winkler. It led to the introduction of a number of new medias, all these
have necessitated a revised code of AACR.

Card Form catalogue

This is a form of catalogue where the entries are made and arranged on cards of uniform size of
12.5 cm x 7.5 cm and kept in drawers of catalogue cabinet.

Advantages Card Form Catalogue

 The catalogue allows inserting and withdrawal of cards this keeps it up to date.
 The users can be easily guided on the use of the cards.
 Entries prepared on cards is easier to consult and handle by the users.
 Card catalogue is more durable from other physical forms.
 The cards can be arranged in any desired order by the cataloguer.
 Cooperative cataloguing is possible in this form of a catalogue.
 This form is more economic to maintain and cards can be changed at any time.
 The cards also can Present a neat appearance since they are of the same size.

Disadvantages Card Form Catalogue

 This form of catalogue occupies much space of the library.

 With this form of only one user can consult catalogue at a time.
  This catalogue is not portable.

 It can only be consulted within the library where it is.

 With this form marking cards and cabinets are too expensive.
 The readers can also easily take out the cards and take them.
 Most users do not know how to consult it.
AACR 2

Kinds of Entries

 Main Entries
 Added Entries (subject added)
 Author Added Entries, Title Added Entries, Series added Entries, etc.

Entry

An entry is a record of information for a specific purpose. Ranganathan defined an entry as

ultimate unit record in a catalogue or documentation list.

Format of an entry

Frist indention
Second indention
Main line
Outline

Main Entries

Main entry is the basic entry and it gives the maximum information about the bibliographical
details of the document being catalogued.
Main entry is defined as a specific entry giving maximum information about the whole of a
document.
Main entry is the first entry which is made when cataloguing information materials.

Sections of the main entry

The sections of main entry of classified catalogue consist of the following sections and the
details of each section of main entry is discussed below:

 Leading section
It is recorded on the leading line from the first vertical it consists of the call number of the
document. After class number, the book number is to be written after leaving a double space or
below class number.

Call No.

 Heading section
It starts from the second vertical on the next line of leading line. Continuation of this section if
needed will commence at the first vertical then full stop. This section includes Entry element
(name of author written backwards).

Surname, Forename

 Material type section

This section will start on the first line from second vertical. This section has material types like
text for text book format material.
 Text.

 Title section
This section will start on the next line from second vertical. This section is further divided into
following Title, subtitle, edition statement, town of publishing, name of the publisher, copy right
year.

Surname, Forename

Title : subtitle / authors name ._ edition statement ed. __ Place of

Publication : Name of the publisher, Year of publication.

 Material description/ details section

This section will start on the third line after second line from second vertical. This section is
further divided into following number of roman pages, number of Arabic pages, illustrations,
size of document.

roman pages, number of Arabic pages p., illustrations ill. : size cm.
  Note section
This section will start on the next line note section will commence from the second vertical and
continuation if any will commence from the first vertical. 6 kinds of notes that is the name of the
series, name of the Editor of the series, the series number, references, indexes, bibliographies,
appendixes, ISBN.

the name of the series, name of the Editor of the series, the series
number.
References.
Indexes.
Bibliographies.
Appendixes.
ISBN.

 Tracing

It is divided into two halves known as left half and the right half respectively. The right half is
again to be divided into three convenient parts, known as upper part, the middle part, and the
lower part.
 1. Subject name I.second author II.title of book III.Series title

Functions of main entry

 The main entry helps in locating the books.

 It gives maximum information about the bibliographical details of the book.

 It works as a key to all the added entries.

 It’s tracing area helps to assistant cataloguer to prepare added entries.

 It helps in tracing for added entries for the same information materials.

 There is only one main entry for each document thus it can be used for inventory.

 Reveal the number of documents in a particular subject acquired by the library.

Added Entries

Definition Added entries are a secondary entries or other entries made after than the main entry.

Types of Added Entries

The following types of added entries according to AACR 2 code are prepared:

 Title added entry

 Subject added entry
 Series added entry
 Author reference added entry
 Second author added entry
 Editors added entry

Functions of Added Entries

It allows the reader to access the document if he or she knows the subject.

 Gives options to readers when they are searching for information.

 It helps to identify and determine the subjects of the book.

 It helps in avoiding duplication of subject entries.

 Book index entries serve author, collaborator, title and series approach of the readers.

 Reader can know the total number of books on a particular subject, author, series

 One cross reference index entry is prepared which limits the number of index entries.

 Cross reference index entries direct the users from one heading to another
Subject added entries

Subject added entries are made for all subjects that are associated with the title of the book.

Author Added Entries

 Added entries are made for two and three author books
 Editors added entry is made for one to three editors’ books without authors
 Compilers added entries are made for two or three books without authors added entries
 In-case the books has more than three authors or editors or compilers we make no added
entry for it.
Title Added Entries

 Title Added entry are for main title

 Title Added entry for parell title
 Title added entry is made for title proper.
Series added entries

 Series Added entry are for main series title

 Series Added entry for parell series title

 Series added entry is made for title proper

 Title proper of series

  Statements of responsibility relating to series

 Numbering within series

 Subseries

 More than one series

Processes followed in Cataloguing according to AACR 2

 Choice of access points

 Descriptive Cataloguing
 Subject Analysis using Subject Heading (such as sears list of Subject Headings)
 Authority Control
 Punctuations used in descriptive Cataloguing etc.

Three Levels of Description

 First level of description provides the minimum information which is necessary to

identify a given document. It is shown in the following schematic illustration: Title
proper/first statement of responsibility, if different from main entry heading in from or
number or if there is no main entry heading. -Edition statement. -Material (or type of
publication) specific details. -First publisher, etc., date of publication, etc. -Extent of
item. Notes. -Standard number.

 The second level is a standard description which includes all the data which is necessary
for description of documents. It is shown in the following schematic illustration: Title
proper [general material designation] = Parallel title: other title information/first
statement of responsibility; each subsequent statement of responsibility. -Edition
statement/first statement of responsibility relating to the edition. -Material (or type of
publication) specific details. -First place of publication, etc.: first publisher, etc., date of
publication, etc -Extent of item: other physical details; dimensions.- (Tile proper of
series/statement of responsibility relating to series, ISSN of series; numbering within the
series. Title of subseries, ISSN of subseries; numbering within subseries). Note(s). –
Standard number.

 The third level provides information covering every descriptive element described in
this code which are applicable to the particular item that is catalogued are to be included.
The choice of level of description would depend upon the objectives of a cataloguing and
requirements of a particular library. In most of the libraries the second level of
description is adopted regarding it as a standard description.

Punctuations used in AACR 2

 Title and statement of responsibility area

 Precede the title of a separate part, supplement, or section by a full stop, space (. )
 Enclose the general material designation in square brackets ([]).
 Precede a parallel title by a space, equals sign, space ( = ).
 Precede other title information by a space, colon, space ( : ).
 Precede the first statement of responsibility by a space, diagonal slash, space ( / ).
 Precede each other statement of responsibility by a space, semicolon, space ( ; ).

Edition Area

 Precede this area by a full stop, space, dash, space (. — ).

 Replace words with standard abbreviations. New ed. (New Edition) Rev. ed.
 Replace words with numbers where appropriate.
 Precede a statement of responsibility following an edition statement by a space, diagonal
slash, space ( / ).
Publication, Distribution, Etc., Area

 Precede this area by a full stop, space, dash, space (. — ).

 Precede a second place of publication, etc., by a space, semicolon, space ( ; ).
 Precede the name of a publisher, etc., by a space, colon, space ( : ).
 Precede the date of publication, etc., by a comma, space (, ).

Physical Description Area

 Precede this area by a full stop, space, dash, space (. — ) or start a new paragraph.

 Record the number of roman pages use small romans and coma for example xv,

 Record the number of Arabic pages use small p for example 15 p.

 Precede the other details like dimensions by a space, colon, space ( : ).

 Other details pictures or illustrations use abbreviation “ill.”

 If all the illustrations are coloured, give “col. ill.”. If some of the illustrations are
coloured, give “ill. (some col.)”.

 Precede the dimensions by a space, semicolon, space ( ; 15 cm.).

 Precede the statement of accompanying materials by a space, plus sign, space ( + ).

 Series Area

 Precede this area by a full stop, space, dash, space (. — ).

 Enclose each series statement in parentheses (( )).
 Precede a statement of responsibility relating to a series by a space, slash, space ( / ).
 Precede the numbering within a series by a space, semicolon, space ( ; ).
 Precede the title of a subseries by a full stop, space (. ).

Note Area

 Precede each note by a full stop, space, dash, space (. — ) or each as a paragraph

 Separate any introductory word of a note from the rest by a colon, space (: ).