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Human resources

Chapter-5 (geography-NCERT)
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INTRODUCTION
▪ Humans are worlds greatest

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resources in every stream i.e.
health, education and
motivated people develop

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themselves as per their
development.
▪ They differ in their numbers,
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gender, education level, age
etc.
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Distribution and Density of Population
▪ People are spreaded across the earth surface

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is known as the pattern of population
distribution.
▪ 90% lives in 30% land and 60% worlds

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people stays in 10 countries with million of
peoples.
▪ Some lives in densely populated areas-south
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east asia,Europe,eastern Asia, north
America, north of equador(most-asia and
Africa)
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Densely populated

▪ It refers to people living in

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unit area as per square
km.(average is 51 person per

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square km.
▪ Highest density-south east,
south and central Asia, east
Asia.
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Factors affecting distribution of population

➢ Geographical

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❑ Topography -highest population is in ganga
plains, plains as they are suitable for
farming, service activities and industries.

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▪ Sparsely populated areas are mountain i.e.
Himalaya, Andes, alps.
❑ Climate-people avoid extreme climate very
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cold, hot i.e.-Sahara, polar region-
Russia,Canada,antarctica.
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topography

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climate

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❑ Soil-fertile plains i.e. ganga, Brahmaputra in
India and Chang jiang in China, Nile in
Egypt.

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❑ Water-river valley are densely populated as
compared not dessert people use to reside
where fresh water is available.

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❑ Minerals-abundance of i.e. diamonds, oil
leads to settling of people.
❑ Ex-Africa, middle east.
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❑ Social-areas with better housing education
and health facilities are most populated.
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❑ Cultural-places with
particular culture is densely

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populated i.e Vatican
city,jerulsalem,Varanasi.
❑ Economic-industrial and full

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of employment areas attracts
people to reside ex-Japan
Osaka, Mumbai.
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jerusalem Varanasi

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Osaka Mumbai

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Population Change
▪ Change in population of people during

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specific time refers to population
change.
❑ Birth and death rate -in 1800 large

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number of babies were born but died
early due to poor facilities.
❑ Population explosion -in 1804(reached
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1 billion)155 years later in
1959(reached 3 billion)in 1999-6
billion.
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❑ Natural growth rate -birth and death are
natural causes. Making a difference in birth
and death in a country called natural

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growth rate.
❑ Migration- where large number of people

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fled to another country.
❑ Immigrants- are those who leave a country
▪ Australia and US have gained population
through in-migration
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▪ Sudan has experienced a loss of population
due to out immigration.
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immigration migration

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Pattern of population change
▪ Population vary in every country due to

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birth and death rate.
▪ Kenya experienced high population
growth due to high population growth

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due to high growth in birth and death.
▪ United kingdom experienced slow
growth as both death and birth rates
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were low.

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Kenya United kingdom

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Population composition
▪ Population composition helps us to
understand how many female and males

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are which groups they belong, how
educated they were, what work they do,

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health condition etc.
▪ Ex- Japan, Bangladesh are densely
populated but Japan is more developed.
▪ Population pyramid-tells us how many
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women's and men's along with infants
survive.
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india Japan

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▪ Ex-in Japan low birth rates
makes the pyramid narrow
from the base.

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▪ Skilled and young people
are the backbone of any

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nation and India is lucky to
have such a resource.
▪ They must be educated and
productive for
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development.

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Exercise
1. Answer the following questions.

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(i) Why are people considered a resource?
Ans. Human beings are the most important of

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a nation, the resources of nature would not
have found any utility.human resource is the
ultimate resource.
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(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution
of population in the world?

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Ans. Population density depends on the climate and
topography of the place, like few people live in high
latitude areas, tropical deserts, mountainous

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terrains and forest areas, whereas a large number of
people reside in plains. Somewhere opportunities is
better some where not.
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(iii) The world population has grown very
rapidly. Why?

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Ans. The world population has grown very rapidly
because of the development in medical science
which has caused decrease in death rate.

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(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors
influencing population change.
Ans. Geographical factors: People prefer to live
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on plains more than mountains or plateaus.
From the agriculture point of view, fertile lands are preferred.
Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.
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Economic factors: People prefer to
industrial areas since they provide more
and better employment opportunities. Due

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to this, industrial cities are thickly
populated.

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(v) What is meant by population composition?
Ans. The structure of the population with various
respects like age, sex, literacy, occupations, health
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facilities, economic condition etc. is called
population composition.
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(vi) What are population pyramids ? How
do they help in understanding about the

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population of a country?

Ans. A population pyramid in which the

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base is broad and the top part is narrow
means that, Although a large amount of
birth take place, not all grow up to be
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adults and old, it means many die
before reaching these ages.
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2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which does the term population distribution

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refer to?
(a) How population in a specified area
changes over time.

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(b) The number of people who die in
relation to the number of people born in a
specified area.
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(c) The way in which people are spread
across a given area.
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(ii) Which are three main factors that cause
population change?

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(a) Births, deaths and marriages
(b) Births, deaths and migration
(c) Births, deaths and life expectancy

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(iii) In 1999, the world population reached
(a) 1 billion
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(b) 3 billion
(c) 6 billion
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(iv) What is a population pyramid?
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex

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composition of a population.
(b) When the population density of
an area is so high that people live in

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tall buildings.
(c) Pattern of population
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distribution in large urban areas.

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3. Complete the sentences below using
some of the following words.

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Sparsely, favorably, fallow, artificial,
fertile, natural, extreme, densely
• When people are attracted to an area it

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becomes___________ populated
• Factors that influence this include _______
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climate; good supplies of _________
resources and _________ land.

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