Topic: ANTEBELLUM U.S.

(1790-1860)
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KEY CONCEPTS Key Concept 5.1: Intensified by expansion and deepening Key Concept 5.2: The United States became more connected with the
Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, regional divisions, debates over slavery and other world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere,
agriculture, and commerce powerfully economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.
accelerated the American economy, civil war.
precipitating profound changes to U.S. society
and to national and regional identities.

CONTEXTUALIZATION  
(Connection to immediate past)
TERM DEFINITION (when, where, who, what) Class notes
SIGNIFICANCE (How & Why?)
Antebellum U.S.  1789-1860 A new national culture emerged that combined American elements,
 Period from end of Revolutionary War to prior European influences, and regional cultural sensibilities.
beginning of Civil War.
Entrepreneurs helped to create a market revolution in production and
commerce, in which market relationships between producers and consumers
came to prevail as the manufacture of goods became more organized.
Market Revolution Market Revolution
 1790-1860
 Increase in demand for agricultural and manufactured
goods at a national scale.
 Increase in factories, improvements in transportation
and trade

Erie Canal
 1820’s transportation project,
 connected NYC, Hudson River to Great Lakes and the
midwestern states (Minn, Ill, Mich, Ohio, Indiana)
 Connected the West to global commerce

Erie Canal -"Clinton's big ditch"

“nativist movement” “nativist movement”


American Party
American Party 
“Know Nothing Party”

“Know Nothing Party”

Large numbers of international migrants moved to industrializing northern

cities, while many Americans moved west of the Appalachians, developing
thriving new communities along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
The Age of Reason 

Deism 

Unitarians Unitarians

Shakers
Shakers 

Second Great Awakening 

 The rise of democratic and individualistic beliefs, a response to rationalism,
and changes to society caused by the market revolution, along with greater
social and geographical mobility, contributed to a Second Great Awakening
among Protestants that influenced moral and social reforms and inspired
utopian and other religious movements.

Joseph Smith Joseph Smith


Brigham Young
Brigham Young 
Mormons

Mormons

Oberlin College

Maine Law of 1851 Maine Law of 1851 Americans formed new voluntary organizations that aimed to change
 individual behaviors and improve society through temperance and other
American Temperance Society reform efforts.
American Temperance Society 
Cult of Domesticity Cult of Domesticity women’s rights movement sought to create greater equality and
 opportunities for women, expressing its ideals at the Seneca Falls
Susan B. Anthony Convention.

Seneca Falls Convention “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are
 created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
Declaration of Sentiments inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
 happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving
their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of
Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who
suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of
a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to
Susan B. Anthony effect their safety and happiness.”

Seneca Falls Convention

Declaration of Sentiments
Transcendentalism Transcendentalism Liberal social ideas from abroad and Romantic beliefs in human
 perfectibility influenced literature, art, philosophy, and architecture.
Henry David Thoreau

On Civil Disobedience


Henry David Thoreau

On Civil Disobedience
Abolitionist Movement Abolitionist Movement Antislavery efforts increased in the North, while in the South, although the
 majority of Southerners owned no slaves, most leaders argued that slavery
Frederick Douglass was part of the Southern way of life.
Frederick Douglass 
Sojourner Truth

Harriet Tubman

Underground Railroad


Enslaved blacks and free African Americans created communities and

strategies to protect their dignity and family structures, and they joined
political efforts aimed at changing their status.

Sojourner Truth - “Ain’t I a woman”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V090_BhJw3Y

Harriet Tubman
Underground Railroad Abolitionist and antislavery movements gradually achieved emancipation in
the North, contributing to the growth of the free African American
 population, even as many state governments restricted African Americans’
rights. Antislavery efforts in the South were largely limited to unsuccessful
slave rebellions.

Gabriel Prosser Gabriel Prosser


Denmark Vesey
Denmark Vesey 
Nat Turner

Nat Turner Gag Resolution


Gag Resolution
American Colonization Society 
William Lloyd Garrison 

“I am accused of using hard language. I admit the charge. I have not been
able to find a soft word to describe villainy or to identify the perpetrator of
it. The man who makes a chattel of his brother - what is he? The man who
keeps back the hire of his laborers by fraud - what is he?”
William Lloyd Garrison

HISTORICAL COMPLEXITY POINT Slave societies Versus Societies with slaves Readings:
Amsco Chapter:
Degrees of abolitionism. Pageant Chapter:

Defenders of slavery based their arguments on racial

doctrines, the view that slavery was a positive social good,
and the belief that slavery and states’ rights were protected
by the Constitution.

How to research: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNu26dHGDtY

Khan Academy Website

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-history

HELPFUL REVIEW VIDEOS BY HEIMLER

PERIOD 4 (1800-1848)
The MARKET REVOLUTION in America—INDUSTRIALIZATION [APUSH Review Unit 4 Topic 5] Period 4: 1800-1848
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDzhYGT3Tmg
The MARKET REVOLUTION'S Effect on SOCIETY [APUSH Review Unit 4 Topic 6] Period 4: 1800-1848
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oK-wET62n-Y
America's Industrial Revolution and Market Revolution - YouTube
The Development of AMERICAN Culture [APUSH Review Unit 4 Topic 9] Period 4: 1800-1848 - YouTube
The SECOND Great Awakening [APUSH Review Unit 4 Topic 10] Period 4: 1800-1848
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GvF6wUQzL4
An Age of REFORM [APUSH Review Unit 4 Topic 11] Period 4: 1800-1848 - YouTube
Religion (The 2nd Great Awakening) and Reform (Temperance) in 19th Century America - YouTube
Transcendentalism and the Hudson River School [An American Culture of Our Own] - YouTube
African Americans in the Early Republic [APUSH Review Unit 4 Topic 12] Period 4: 1800-1848 - YouTube
The SOCIETY OF THE SOUTH in the Early Republic [APUSH Review Unit 4 Topic 13] Period 4: 1800-1848
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRJfKwAUfwo&list=RDCMUC_bOoi0e3L3SJ1xx5TZWHPw&index=20

Why Southerners Thought Slavery Was a Good Idea - YouTube

APUSH Unit 4 REVIEW [Period 4: 1800-1848]—Everything You NEED to Know - YouTube