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Algorithm

The document provides an overview of algorithms, defining them as step-by-step procedures for solving problems. It covers the history, characteristics, properties, and types of algorithms, as well as guidelines for writing them. Examples of algorithms and pseudocode are also included to illustrate their application.

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abdulhanna627
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2 views

Algorithm

The document provides an overview of algorithms, defining them as step-by-step procedures for solving problems. It covers the history, characteristics, properties, and types of algorithms, as well as guidelines for writing them. Examples of algorithms and pseudocode are also included to illustrate their application.

Uploaded by

abdulhanna627
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome

Algorithm
Content
 What is algorithm
 History of algorithm
 How to write an algorithm
 Purpose
 Diagram
 Characteristics of algorithm
 Properties of algorithm
 Types of algorithm
 examples
What is Algorithm?

 An algorithm is a well-defined procedure that allows a computer to


solve a problem.
 An algorithm is a set of step by step instructions that describe how to
perform a task.
History of Algorithm

 An algorithm (AL-go-rith-um)is procedure or formula for solving a


problem.
 The word derives from the name of the mathematician
,Muhammad Ibn-Musa-al-Khwarizmi, who was part of the royal
court in Baghdad.
How to write an algorithm?

 Keep in mind that algorithm is a step-by-step process.


 Depending upon programming language, include syntax where
necessary.
 Include variables and their usage.
 If they are any loops, try to give sub number lists.
 Try to give go back to step number if loop or condition fails.
 Use jump statement to jump from one statement to another.
Purpose
 For solving complex problems effectively and effectively.
 They help for the automation process and make them more reliable
fasten and easier.
 It make task possible which is difficult or impossible for human and
computer.
Characteristics of Algorithm

 The characteristics of a good algorithm are :


 Precision - the steps are precisely stated(defined).
 Uniqueness – results of each step are uniquely defined and only
depend on the input and the result of the preceding steps.
 Finiteness – the algorithm stops after a finite number of instructions
are executed.
Properties of algorithm

 An algorithm must have five properties :


 Input specified
 Output specified
 Definiteness
 Effectiveness
 Finitenesss
Types of algorithm
 Algorithm types we will consider include :
 Simple recursive algorithms.
 Backtracking algorithms.
 Divide and conquer algorithms.
 Dynamic programming algorithms.
 Greedy algorithms.
 Branch and bound algorithms.
 Brute force algorithms.
 Randomized algorithms.
Example :
 Delaited algorithm:
 Step1:input M1,M2,M3,M4.
 Step2:GRAND ?(M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
 Step3:if (GRADE<50)
 Then
 Print “FAIL”
 Else
 Print “PASS”
 End if
Example:

 Pseudocode:
 Input the length in feet (Lft)
 Calculate the length in cm (Lcm) by multiplying LFT with 30
 Print length in cm (LCM)
Example :

 Algorithm:
 Step1: Input Lft
 Step2: Lcm ?Lft x 30
 Step3: Print Lcm.
Presented by :

 Awais ishfaq
thank
you…..

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