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Language Model Adaptation

Language model adaptation is a process in natural language processing (NLP) that adjusts existing models to improve performance on specific types of text. Various techniques for adaptation include model interpolation, topic-dependent models, self-adaptive models, unsupervised adaptation, and using web data. These methods allow models to better understand and predict language in different contexts or domains.

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11 views10 pages

Language Model Adaptation

Language model adaptation is a process in natural language processing (NLP) that adjusts existing models to improve performance on specific types of text. Various techniques for adaptation include model interpolation, topic-dependent models, self-adaptive models, unsupervised adaptation, and using web data. These methods allow models to better understand and predict language in different contexts or domains.

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sonyglp9392
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LANGUAGE MODEL

ADAPTATION
2

WHAT WE”LL DISCUSS?

• WHAT IS LANGUAGE MODEL


ADAPTATION?
• TECHNIQUES

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3

WHAT IS LANGUAGE MODEL


ADAPTATION?
• Language model adaptation is a process in
NLP where we adjust an existing language
model to perform better on a new, specific type
of text or context.
• This is important when the data used to train
the model is different from the data where the
model will actually be used.

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4

TECNIQUES

1. Model Interpolation (Mixture Models)


2. Topic-Dependent Models
3. Self-Adaptive Models (Trigger Models)
4. Unsupervised Adaptation
5. Using Web Data

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MODEL INTERPOLATION
• Also called as Mixture Models.

• This method combines two or more models: one trained on a large, general dataset
(background model) and another trained on a smaller, specific dataset (in-domain model).

Example:
• A model trained on general news might predict the next word in "The doctor prescribed" with
probabilities that favor common words.
• A specific model trained on medical texts would favor words like "medication" or "treatment."
• The adapted model uses a combination of both to make more accurate predictions in
medical contexts.
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TOPIC DEPENDENT MODELS


This method involves creating different language models for different topics and then
dynamically choosing which model to use based on the context.

Example:
• For a document about technology, use a model trained on tech articles.
• For a document about health, use a model trained on health articles.

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SELF ADAPTIVE MODELS


• Also called as Trigger Models.

• This technique adapts the model dynamically based on the words that have already
been seen in the text.

Example:

In a financial document, seeing the word "stock" increases the likelihood of subsequently
seeing "market," "price," or "exchange."

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UNSUPERVISED ADAPTATION
• This method uses the output of a language model or speech recognizer as additional
data for adaptation, even if the output isn't perfect.

Example:

• A speech recognizer generates a transcript of spoken language.

• Even if the transcript has errors, it can still provide useful information to adapt the model
to the speaker's style or vocabulary.

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USING WEB DATA


• This technique involves querying the internet for additional data relevant to the specific
domain and incorporating this data into the language model.

Example:

• If you're adapting a model to understand a new slang or jargon, you can collect recent
tweets or forum posts using that slang and use them to update your model.

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