THIRD QUARTER

MODULE NO. III

TOPIC: NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

LESSON PROPER

 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION consists of a very large number of cases and the measures of average (Mean, Median, Mode). Also
known as GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION.
 NORMAL CURVE it is the graph of normal distribution and it provides graphical representation on statistical values that are
needed is describing the characteristics of populations as well as in making decisions.

PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

1. The distribution curve is bell- shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about its center
3. The Mean, Median, and the Mode coincide at the center.
4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal axis, always approaching the axis bet never touching it.
That is, the curve is asymptotic the base line.
6. The under normal curve is 1. Thus, it represents the probability of proportion or percentage associated with the specific
sets of measurement values.

ADDITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

1. The graph is a continuous curve with the domain −∞ < x < + ∞ .

2. The graph is asymptomatic to the x-axis.
3. The maximum point on the curve occurs at x = µ.
4. The graph is symmetrical about the line at x= µ.

NOTE: STANDARD DEVIATION affects the height and weight. The larger the SD corresponds to a wider curve and the bigger the SD,
the smaller the value of the variables.

------------------- Point of reflection

-∞ +∞

�
PROPERTIES OF STANDARD DEVIATION

1. One Standard Deviation [68.3%) 2. Two Standard Deviation [ 95.4%]

 68. 3 % 95.4%

µ-σ µ+σ µ-σ µ+σ

3.Three standard deviation [ 99.7]

99.7%

µ-σ µ+σ

Note: If the given standard deviation is 68.3%, therefore it has only ONE standard deviation. Also, if the given standard deviation is
95.4 %, therefore it has TWO standard deviations. Lastly, if the given standard deviation is 99 .7 %, therefore it has THREE standard
deviations.

Example of Standard Deviation

1. Find the Standard Deviation where 99.7% of the score fall between 52 and 82?
52+ 82
µ= = 67
2
µ + 3σ =82
3σ = 82 – 67
3σ = 15
3 σ 15
=
3 3
σ =5

2. Assume that 68.3% of grade 11 have heights between 1.5 m and 1.7 m and data are normally distributed?
1.5+1.7
µ= = 2Type equation here .
2
µ + σ = 1.7
2 + σ = 1.7
σ = 1.7 – 2
σ = -.3

Note: In finding the standard deviation, always remember the properties of standard deviation which are 68.3%, 95.4%, 99.7% and
apply their corresponding formula to find the standard deviation.
 STANDARD NORMAL CURVE is a normal distribution that has a mean which is equal to 0 and standard deviation of 1.
USES OF NORMAL CURVE
 Used for describing distribution of scores
 Used in interpreting the standard deviation
 Used in making statements of probability
 The normal curve is essential ingredient of statistical decision making, whereby the researcher generalizes his or her result
from sample to populations.
 AREAS UNDER NORMAL CURVE: Areas under the normal curve can be found using the areas are going under the normal
curve.
 Z-SCORE: is a measure of relative standing. And it represents the distance between a given measurement X and the mean,
expressed in standard deviation. Lastly, it locates X either, within a SAMPLE or within a POPULATION.

(Refer to the Z-TABLE located in the next page of this module)

Note: The first two digits of the given is located on the VERTICAL AXIS and the third digit will be on the HORIZONTAL AXIS.( The
process is like locating ordered pairs in a cartesian plane.)

1. Z = 0.96 [0.3315] z value 2. Z= 1.74 [0.4591]

z 0.06 z 0.04
0.9 0.3315 1.7 0.4591
*First two digits (0.9), third digit (0.06)

3. Z = 2.18 [0.4854] 4. Z= 3.00 [ 0.4987]

z 0.06 z 0.00
0.9 0.3315 3.0 0.4987

5. Z= -2.47 [ 0.4932] 6. Z = -3.09 [ 0.4990]

z 0.07 z 0.09
2.4 0.4932 3.0 0.4990

7.Z = 0.03 [0.0120] 8. Z = 3.5 [0.4998]

z 0.03 z 0.00
0.0 0.0120 3.5 0.4998

9. Z =1.09 [ 0.3621] 10. Z = -1.09 [ 0.3621]

z 0.09 z 0.09
1.0 0.3621 1.0 0.3621

Note: For item 9 and 10, the given z- value are 1.09 and -1.09, the first one is positive and other one is negative.
As you can see their z- values are the same, therefore in finding the z-score disregard the negative sign because it is just the same to
positive sign.

*Note: If the question is finding the z-score, just do the reverse.

Examples:
1. The Z value is 0.3621, find the z- score, Answer: 1.09
2. The Z value is 0.0120, find the z- score, Answer: 0.03
3. The Z value is 0.4932, find the z- score, Answer: 2.74
4. The Z value is 0.4591, find the z- score, Answer: 1.74
5. The Z value is 0.3315, find the z- score, Answer: 0.96

Things to remember:
 You should always have with you the z-table
 You should know the process in locating the z score in the table (vice versa).

PROBABILITIES FOR THE STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

 The standard normal distribution will be very helpful in computing the probabilities associated with the normal random
variable. And to further simplify the process, a table was created to summarize the approximate areas under the standard
normal curve, given in four decimal places. This table of probabilities is also known as z- table.

The z- table
Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3304 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
3.1 0.4990 0.4991 0.4991 0.4991 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4993 0.4993
3.2 0.4993 0.4993 0.4994 0.4994 0.4993 0.4994 0.4994 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995
3.3 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4997
3.4 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4998
3.5 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998
3.6 0.4998 0.4998 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.7 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.8 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.9 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000
 NORMAL CURVE: The notations are used concerning the normal curve.
 P(a b) scores are between a and b.
  P(a≥ b ¿ scores are between a and b
 P(a≤ b ¿ scores are between a and b

STEPS TO FOLLOW IN FINDING THE AREAS UNDER THE STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE
1. Draw a bell shape
2. Located the given z- score in the bell shaped and draw straight line.
3. Identify the z- value in the table provided to you
4. Identify the “given word whether it is under “ RIGHT OR LEFT”. SHADE the area, if the word is under left [ shade from the
draw line to the left] and if the word is under right [ shade from the draw line to the right]. Also, if the word is BETWEEN
[ shade to the CENTER of the bell shape].
5. Solve the area

A MUST REMEMBER
 RIGHT [clue words under right] Case 1. Greater than, AT LEAST, MORE than, to the RIGHT, above
 LEFT [clue words under left] Case 2: LESS than, AT MOST, NO MORE than , NOT GREATER than, To the LEFT BELOW.

1. Find the area ABOVE = 1.00 [ 0.3413] 2. Find the area ABOVE Z= -1 [ 0.3413]

-1

Solution: 0.5 Solution: 0.5

-0.3413 +0.3413
0.1587 OR 15.87% 0.8413 OR 84.13%

STEP 1. The right side of the normal curve will be positive and the left side of the normal curve is negative. You draw a perfect bell
shaped, both sides should be equal.
STEP 2. The first given z-score [ Z-1.00] is 1 therefore it is located on the right side. in plotting the given z- score, you should do an
approximation (for example z= 1, therefore your line should be closer to 0) and you should always indicate what is the value of that
line. On the other hand, the second given is [ Z = -1.00] is -, therefore it is located on the left side.
STEP 3. You need to identify the z value (please refer to the z table), thus z=1.00[0.3413]
STEP 4. Since the given word “above” is under right, therefore from the draw line shade it to the right.
STEP 5:
*EXAMPLE 1: The area or measurement of the half of the bell shaped is 0.5, as you can see the shaded part does not totally cover the
half of the bell shaped, that is why you need to subtract 0.5 to the z-value which is 0.3413.
Solution: 0.5 – 0.3413 = 0.1587 or 15.87%
*EXAMPLE 2: The area or measurement of the half of bell shapes is 0.5, as you can see some part of the left side of the bell shape is
shaded and on the right side, it is totally shaded, that is why you need to add 0.5 to the z- value which is 0.3413.
Solution: 0.5 + 0.3413 = 0.843 or 84.13%

3.Below Z= 1.58 [0.4229] 4. LESS than Z= -1.5 [ .4332]

1.58 -1.5

Solution: 0.5 Solution: 0.5

+0.4429 -0.4332
0.9429 or 94.29% 0.0668 or 6.68%
Note: Follow the steps in solving.
5.AT MOST Z=2.89 [ 0.4981] 6. To RIGHT of Z = -2.99 [0.4986]
 2.89 -2.9

Solution: 0.5 Solution: 0.5

+0.4981 +0.4981
0.9981 or 99.81% 0.9986 or 99.86%

7.BETWEEN Z= -2[0.4772] and Z= - 1.5 [0.4332] 7.BETWEEN Z= -2[0.4772] and Z= - 1.5 [0.4332]

-2 -1.5 1 2
overlapping
Solution: 0.4772 Solution: 0.4772
-0.4332 -0.4332
0.0440 or 4.40% 0.1359 or 13.59%

Explanation: The steps in solving is just the same (step 1 – step 4). As you can see on example 7, the givens are both negative thus
they are located on the left side, same through with example 8, both are positive that is why they are located on the right side. Now,
the word given is “between”, so the SHADING IS FROM THE DRAW LINE TO THE CENTER ONLY. Again, observe the shaded region and
as you can see there are overlapping. So, here’s what you are going to do:

EXAMPLE 7 SOLUTION: The Z- value of -2 which is 0.4772 and it should be subtracted to the z- value of -1.5 which 0.4332. This
process of solving is only applicable if there are overlapping.
EXAMPLE 8 SOLUTION: The z-value of 2 which is 0.4772 and it should be subtracted to the z-value of 1 which is 0.3413.
Note: In solving, do not just subtracted, observe the shaded region.
9. BETWEEN Z=2[0.4772] and Z= -3 [ 0.4987] 10.

-3 2 -0.59 2.98

Solution: 0.4987 Solution: 0.4987

+0.4772 +0.2224
0.9759 or 97.59% 0.7210 or 72.10%

Explanation: Follow the steps in solving, since the given is between, shade it to the center. As you can see there are no overlapping
thus you just get the sum of both z value of the two givens. This process of solving is only applicable if the givens are appositive and a
negative number.

11. Greater than P(Z¿0.08) [0.0319] 12. Less than P(Z¿ -2.34) [0.4904]
 0.08 -2.34
Solution: 0.5 Solution: 0.5
-0.0319 - 0.4904
0.4681 or 46.81% 0. 0096 or .96%

13. Between P(-1.43 ¿ Z ¿ 1.85) 14. Between P(-2.33 ¿ Z ¿ -0.05)

-1.43 1.85 -2.33 -0.05

Note: (-1.43 ¿ Z ¿ 1.85): Read as z is greater than -1.43 but less than 1.85
Solution: 0.4236 Solution: 0.4901
+0.4678 -0.0199
0.8914 or 89.14% 0.4702 or 47.02%

15. Less than P(Z ¿ 2.83) [0.4977] 16. Greater than P(Z¿-1.44) [0.4251]

1.83 -1.44
Solution: 0.5 Solution: 0.5
+0.4977 +0.4251
0.9977 or 99.77% 0.9251 or 92.51%

Prepared by:
J.A.L
 THIRD QUARTER
MODULE NO. III

Z- SCORE FROM ANY NORMAL VARIABLE

Given a normal random variable X with the Mean and Standard Deviation. Each value of x of the variable can be transformed into
z-scores using the formula.

x−μ
Formula: Z=
σ

EXAMPLES:
1. Random variable x has a mean of 4 and standard deviation of 2. Find the corresponding z-scores of x = 7?
Given : μ=4 x=7 σ =2
x−μ
Z=
σ
7−4
Z=
2
3
Z= or 1.5
2

2. A data set of respiratory has mean of 18 breadth per minute and standard deviation of 1. Solve for the z-scores of x = 17?
Given: μ=18 x = 17 σ =1
x−μ
Z=
σ
17−18
Z=
1
−1
Z=
1
Z= -1
Note: If the question is “Find the corresponding z-scores ONLY”, this is the process of getting the z-score using the formula.

SOLVING PROBLEMS IN NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

 GIVEN: μ=70 x = 80 σ =10 *≥:greater than or equal to [ shade to the RIGHT]

1. P (x≥ 80 ¿

STEP 1: Z-value
x−μ
Z=
σ
80−70
Z=
10
10
Z= or 1
10
Z ≥[0.3413]

STEP 2. SHADING

STEP 3. SOLUTION:
 0.5
−0.3413 Note: Find first the z- value using the formula, second place the z- value on the
0.1587∨15.87 %
Bell shaped, third do the shading and lastly.

2. P(x ≤ 5) Given : μ =6 x=5 σ =1.4 *≤ less than or equal to [shaded to the LEFT]

ACTIVITY :
1. Given: μ=10.2 σ =1.8 P(3.72 ≤ x ≤ 12¿

2. Given: μ=10.2 σ =1.8 P(x≥ 15)

3. Given: μ=16 σ =2.5 P(17 ≤ x≤ 15)

Prepared by:
J.A.L