Std: XI

Fluid Mechanics
(1) A plane is level, fight at a constant speed and each wing has an area of 30 m2. During flight the speed of
the air is 216 kmh-1 over the lower wing surface and 252 kmh-1 over the upper wing surface of each wing of
aeroplane. Take density of air = 1 kgm-3 and g = 10 ms-2. Pressure difference on each wing of aeroplane
is …. Nm-2.

(2) The level of water in a tank is 5.0 m high. A hole of area 20 cm2 is made in the bottom of the tank. The
rate of leakage of water from the hole is …..

(3) If the velocity head of a stream of water is equal to 20 cm, them its speed of flow is ….. m s-1 (g = 10 ms-
2
)

(4) At what speed, the velocity head of water is equal to pressure head to 40 cm of Hg? (g = 9.8 ms-2)

(5) If two liquids of same mass having densities 1 and 2 are mixed together, then the density of mixture is
 = ……

(6) A plate of area 10 cm2 is placed over a plate. A layer of glycerine of 1 mm thickness is lying between
two plates. To move the upper plate with velocity 10 ms-1 the required external force is ……(glycerine = 20
Poise)

(7) The relative velocity of two parallel layers of water is 6 cms-1. If the perpendicular distance between the
layers is 0.1 cm, then velocity gradient will be …. s-1.

(8) Water flows with a velocity 5 cm s-1 through a tube of radius 10 mm. If coefficient of viscosity of water
at room temperature is 0.01 poise then water moves with …… (density of water = 103 kgm-3)

(9) Water enters in a horizontal pipe of radius 2.0 cm with a velocity of 1 ms-1 . If the water comes from the
nozzle with a velocity of 4 ms-1, then radius of the nozzle is …. cm.

(10) Glycerine flows steadily through a horizontal tube of length 1.5 m and radius 1.0 cm. If the amount of
glycerine collected per second at one end is 4.0 × 10-3 kg s-1, what is the pressure difference between the two
ends of the tube?
(Density of glycerine = 1.3 × 103 kg m-3 and viscosity of glycerine = 0.83 Pa s). [You may also like to check
if the assumption of laminar flow in the tube is correct].

(11) A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its two wings has an area of 25 m2. If the speed
of the air is 180 km/h over the lower wing and 234 km/h over the upper wing surface, determine the plane’s
mass. (Take air density to be 1 kg m-3).

(12) Two rain drops of equal volume, falling terminal velocity 10 cm s−1, merge while falling and forms a
larger drop. Find the terminal velocity of the larger drop.

(13) In Millikan’s oil drop experiment, what is the terminal speed of an uncharged drop of radius 2.0 × 10-5
m and density 1.2 × 103 kg m-3? Take the viscosity of air at the temperature of the experiment to be 1.8 × 10-
5
Pa s. How much is the viscous force on the drop at that speed? Neglect buoyancy of the drop due to air.

(14) The velocities of cylindrical layers of liquid flowing through a tube, situated at distance 0.8 cm and
0.82 cm from the axis of the tube are 3 cm s−1 and 2.5 cm s−1 respectively. Find the viscous force acting
between these layers if the length of the tube is 10 cm and the co-efficient of viscosity of the liquid is 8
poise.
(15) The cross section area of the larger and the smaller piston of a hydraulic press is 1 cm2 and 22 cm2
respectively. Obtain the mass require to balance the mass of 200 kg kept on the smaller piston.
Solution

Q - 1 : Section A ( Answer The Following For 1 mark ) [9]

(1) A plane is level, fight at a constant speed and each wing has an area of 30 m2. During flight the speed of the air is
216 kmh-1 over the lower wing surface and 252 kmh-1 over the upper wing surface of each wing of aeroplane. Take
density of air = 1 kgm-3 and g = 10 ms-2. Pressure difference on each wing of aeroplane is …. Nm-2.

Solution : Here, (i ) P =
1
2
( )
 V22 − V12 = 650 Nm− 2

(2) The level of water in a tank is 5.0 m high. A hole of area 20 cm2 is made in the bottom of the tank. The rate of
leakage of water from the hole is …..

Solution : Here, volume of water coming out per second = 2gh  A = 2 10 −2 m 3 s −1

(3) If the velocity head of a stream of water is equal to 20 cm, them its speed of flow is ….. m s -1 (g = 10 ms-2)

Solution : Here v = 2 gh = 2 ms −1

(4) At what speed, the velocity head of water is equal to pressure head to 40 cm of Hg? (g = 9.8 ms-2)

y2
Solution : Here, = Hρ  v = 10.32 ms −1
2g

(5) If two liquids of same mass having densities 1 and 2 are mixed together, then the density of mixture is  = ……

2ρ1ρ 2
ρ + ρ2
Solution: 1

(6) A plate of area 10 cm2 is placed over a plate. A layer of glycerine of 1 mm thickness is lying between two plates.
To move the upper plate with velocity 10 ms-1 the required external force is ……(glycerine = 20 Poise)

Solution : A = 10 cm2 dx = 0.1 cm

dv = 1000 cm/s  = 20 Poise

F =  A dv/dx = 20 ´ 10 ´ 1000/0.1 = 200 ´103 dyne

(7) The relative velocity of two parallel layers of water is 6 cms-1. If the perpendicular distance between the layers is
0.1 cm, then velocity gradient will be …. s-1.

Solution: 60

(8) Water flows with a velocity 5 cm s-1 through a tube of radius 10 mm. If coefficient of viscosity of water at room
temperature is 0.01 poise then water moves with …… (density of water = 103 kgm-3)

Solution: streamline flow

(9) Water enters in a horizontal pipe of radius 2.0 cm with a velocity of 1 ms-1 . If the water comes from the nozzle
with a velocity of 4 ms-1, then radius of the nozzle is …. cm.

Solution: 1

(10) Glycerine flows steadily through a horizontal tube of length 1.5 m and radius 1.0 cm. If the amount of glycerine
collected per second at one end is 4.0 × 10-3 kg s-1, what is the pressure difference between the two ends of the
tube? (Density of glycerine = 1.3 × 103 kg m-3 and viscosity of glycerine = 0.83 Pa s). [You may also like to check if the
assumption of laminar flow in the tube is correct].
Solution : 9.8 × 102 Pa

Length of the horizontal tube, l = 1.5 m; Radius of the tube, r = 1 cm = 0.01 m

Diameter of the tube, d = 2r = 0.02 m; Glycerine is flowing at a rate of 4.0 × 10-3 kg s-1.

M = 4.0 × 10-3 kg s-1; Density of glycerine, ρ = 1.3 × 103 kg m-3; Viscosity of glycerine, η = 0.83 Pa

M 4.0 10 −3
V= = = 3.08 × 10 -6 m 3 s -1
 1.3 10 3
Volume of glycerine flowing per sec:

According to Poiseville’s formula, we have the relation for the rate of flow:

pr 4
V=
8l Where, p is the pressure difference between the two ends of the tube

−6
V8l = 3.08  10  0.83  1.5 = 9.8 × 10 2 Pa
p= 4
r   (0.01)4

Reynolds’ number is given by the relation:

4V 4  1.3 10 3  3.08  10 −6

Reynolds’ number is about 0.3. Hence, the flow is laminar.

(11) A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its two wings has an area of 25 m2. If the speed of the air
is 180 km/h over the lower wing and 234 km/h over the upper wing surface, determine the plane’s mass. (Take air
density to be 1 kg m-3).

Solution : The area of the wings of the plane, A = 2 × 25 = 50 m2

Speed of air over the upper wing, V2 = 234 km/h = 65 m/s; Density of air, ρ = 1 kg m-3

Pressure of air over the lower wing = P1; Pressure of air over the upper wing= P2

The upward force on the plane can be obtained using Bernoulli’s equation as:

2
1
2
1
2
( )
P1 + V12 = P2 + V22  P1 − P2 =  V22 − V12 .....................(i )
1

The upward force (F) on the plane can be calculated as:

(P1 − P2 ) A =
1
2
( )
 V22 − V12 A [ U sin g equation (i) ]

=
1
2
( )
 1  (65 )2 − (50 )2  50 = 43125 N

Using Newton’s force equation, we can obtain the mass (m) of the plane as:

43125
F = mg  m = = 4400 .51 kg  4400 kg
9.8

Hence, the mass of the plane is about 4400 kg.

(12) Two rain drops of equal volume, falling terminal velocity 10 cm s−1, merge while falling and forms a larger drop.
Find the terminal velocity of the larger drop.

Solution : Let the radius and volume of each drop be r and V respectively. When they merge and form a larger drop,
its volume V' will be double the volume of each one of them. (As the mass and density remain constant).
Let the radius of the bigger drop so formed, be R.

Let the terminal velocity of the smaller drop be v and that of the larger drop be v'.

(13) In Millikan’s oil drop experiment, what is the terminal speed of an uncharged drop of radius 2.0 × 10-5 m and
density 1.2 × 103 kg m-3? Take the viscosity of air at the temperature of the experiment to be 1.8 × 10-5 Pa s. How
much is the viscous force on the drop at that speed? Neglect buoyancy of the drop due to air.

Solution : Terminal speed = 5.8 cm/s; Viscous force = 3.9 × 10-10 N

Density of the uncharged drop, ρ = 1.2 × 103 kg m-3

Viscosity of air,  = 1.8 × 10-5 Pa s;

Density of air (ρo) can be taken as zero in order to neglect buoyancy of air.

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s2

Terminal velocity (v) is given by the relation:

v=
2r 2  ( −  0 ) g
=
( )(
2
)
2  2.0  10 −5 1.2  10 3 − 0  9.8
9 9  1.8  10 −5

= 5.807  10 −2 m s −1 = 5.8 cm s −1

Hence, the terminal speed of the drop is 5.8 cm s-1.

The viscous force on the drop is given by: F = 6rv

 F = 6  3.14  1.8  10 −5  2.0  10 −5  5.8  10 −2 = 3.9  10 −10 N

Hence, the viscous force on the drop is 3.9 × 10-10 N.

(14) The velocities of cylindrical layers of liquid flowing through a tube, situated at distance 0.8 cm and 0.82 cm from
the axis of the tube are 3 cm s−1 and 2.5 cm s−1 respectively. Find the viscous force acting between these layers if the
length of the tube is 10 cm and the co-efficient of viscosity of the liquid is 8 poise.

Solution : r1 = 0.8 cm, r2 = 0.82 cm, v = 3 - 2.5 = 0.5 cm s−1, x = distance between the layers = 0.02 cm, L = 10 cm

(15) The cross section area of the larger and the smaller piston of a hydraulic press is 1 cm2 and 22 cm2 respectively.
Obtain the mass require to balance the mass of 200 kg kept on the smaller piston.

Solution : 4400 kg