According to Scrivener (2004), the progression of a teacher from being merely

an explainer to an involver and finally an enabler reflects a shift towards

optimal teaching efficiency. This transition emphasizes the importance of not
just delivering knowledge, but engaging students more actively in their learning
process and fostering independence.

1. Explainer:

● At this stage, the teacher focuses on presenting information and

explaining concepts clearly. While this is important for transmitting
foundational knowledge, the role is largely teacher-centered. The
students may become passive recipients, relying on the teacher to provide
information without fully engaging in deeper learning activities.

2. Involver:

● Moving to an involver role, the teacher begins to engage students more

actively in the learning process. This includes interactive activities,
group work, and opportunities for students to explore topics themselves.
The focus shifts towards student participation and active learning,
where learners are encouraged to take a more proactive role in their own
education.
● The teacher’s role is to facilitate understanding by creating an
environment where students can practice, discuss, and apply what they’ve
learned.

3. Enabler:

● As an enabler, the teacher reaches the highest level of teaching

efficiency. The goal here is to guide students toward autonomy and
self-directed learning. Instead of being the sole source of knowledge, the
teacher empowers students to take control of their learning, offering tools,
resources, and strategies for independent problem-solving.
● This role supports the development of critical thinking, independent
research skills, and confidence in learners, helping them become
lifelong learners.
Discussion:

This transition is significant because it moves away from a teacher-centered

approach to a more learner-centered model. While explaining is necessary to
introduce new concepts, involving students actively in the learning process
allows them to internalize knowledge more effectively. Finally, enabling
students to learn independently fosters long-term retention and prepares them
for real-world challenges, where they need to rely on their own skills and
knowledge.

In Scrivener's framework, this move towards becoming an enabler is not just

about efficiency in delivering content but also about maximizing student
learning outcomes by nurturing their ability to think critically, engage
meaningfully, and become self-sufficient learners.

4o
Vous avez dit :
what is the proverb that explain teach me and i forget ivolve me and i learn
ChatGPT a dit :

ChatGPT

The proverb you're referring to is often attributed to Benjamin Franklin and

goes:

"Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I

learn."

This proverb highlights the importance of active participation in learning. It

suggests that people learn best when they are directly involved in the process,
rather than just passively receiving information. This aligns with modern
educational approaches that emphasize active learning and student
engagement.

4o
Vous avez dit :
how does shifts in teacher centerdeness and students senterdeness happened
throughout history and what are the factors that helped in such process
ChatGPT a dit :
ChatGPT

The shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning has evolved over

centuries, influenced by educational philosophies, psychological theories,
technological advancements, and societal changes. Here's a brief overview of
how this shift has happened throughout history and the key factors involved:

1. Teacher-Centered Education:

● Ancient Times - 19th Century:

○ For much of history, education was teacher-centered. In this
model, the teacher was the primary authority, responsible for
transmitting knowledge to students, who were seen as passive
recipients.
○ Socratic Method (Ancient Greece): While somewhat dialogic, this
method was still heavily teacher-driven, with Socrates leading the
discussions.
○ Medieval and Renaissance Periods: Education in monasteries and
early universities followed a lecture model where the teacher was
the "sage on the stage," focusing on rote learning and
memorization.
○ Industrial Revolution: In the 19th century, education systems
mirrored industrial models with a focus on standardized
instruction. Students were expected to follow orders and
memorize information.

2. Early Shifts Toward Student-Centered Learning:

● 19th Century - Early 20th Century:

○ The progressive education movement, led by thinkers like John
Dewey, began to challenge the rigid, authoritarian structures of
traditional education. Dewey advocated for experiential learning,
where students actively engage with their environment and reflect
on their experiences.
○ Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky (early 20th century) introduced
cognitive development and constructivist theories. Piaget
emphasized that children learn by interacting with their
environment, while Vygotsky highlighted the importance of social
interaction and the Zone of Proximal Development in learning.
 ○ The early 20th century saw the rise of Montessori education,
developed by Maria Montessori, which put emphasis on student
autonomy, self-directed learning, and creating environments
where students could explore and discover independently.

3. The Cognitive and Humanistic Revolutions:

● Mid-20th Century:
○ The mid-20th century witnessed a further shift toward
student-centered education due to the rise of cognitive
psychology. Jerome Bruner’s discovery learning theory
suggested that learners construct knowledge through experiences
rather than passively absorbing information.
○ Carl Rogers and his humanistic approach emphasized the
emotional well-being of students and the importance of creating a
non-threatening learning environment where students feel
motivated and respected.
○ Behaviorism (e.g., Skinner) focused on measurable outcomes but
also encouraged interactive learning through reinforcement and
feedback loops. However, it was still somewhat teacher-driven.

4. Modern Student-Centered Education:

● Late 20th Century - Present:

○ In the 1980s and 1990s, constructivist approaches became more
dominant. The teacher's role shifted from being the "dispenser of
knowledge" to the facilitator of learning. Students were seen as
active participants, responsible for their own learning.
○ The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in
language education is an example of the shift, where the emphasis
moved from grammar instruction to interaction and real-world
communication.
○ Technology became a significant driver in student-centered
learning. The rise of computers, the internet, and educational
software allowed for more personalized and interactive learning
experiences. Online learning platforms, gamification, and
mobile learning have allowed students to access information and
learning resources at their own pace and style.
Factors that Influenced the Shift:

1. Educational Philosophies:
○ Thinkers like Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky, and Montessori
challenged the traditional teacher-centered model by advocating for
learning by doing, social interaction, and individualized
education.
2. Psychological Theories:
○ Theories in cognitive development and constructivism (e.g.,
Bruner, Vygotsky) reshaped our understanding of how students
learn, emphasizing active learning and the social nature of
education.
3. Technological Advancements:
○ The rise of the internet, educational technology, and digital
resources has given students more control over their learning.
Platforms like Khan Academy, Coursera, and Duolingo offer
personalized learning experiences, where students can learn at their
own pace, independently of traditional classroom structures.
4. Changing Societal Needs:
○ The shift from an industrial society to an information society
changed the skills needed in the workforce. Today’s employers
value critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration,
which are best fostered through student-centered approaches.
5. Globalization:
○ Intercultural communication and collaboration are more
important than ever, requiring students to be active participants in
their learning and development. Student-centered approaches
prepare learners for real-world engagement.

Conclusion:

The shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning happened

gradually, influenced by changing educational philosophies, advances in
psychology, technological innovations, and evolving societal needs. Today,
student-centered learning dominates contemporary education, with teachers
acting as facilitators and students taking an active, autonomous role in their
own learning process.

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