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Anp imp questions gtu sem 5

IEEE 802.11, commonly known as Wi-Fi, is a set of standards for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) that facilitates communication over radio frequencies like 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. It includes key features such as Medium Access Control (MAC) for collision avoidance, various physical enhancements for speed, and security protocols like WPA2. The document also discusses the significance of IEEE 802.11 in modern wireless communication and its applications in home networking, enterprise solutions, and public Wi-Fi hotspots.

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9 views

Anp imp questions gtu sem 5

IEEE 802.11, commonly known as Wi-Fi, is a set of standards for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) that facilitates communication over radio frequencies like 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. It includes key features such as Medium Access Control (MAC) for collision avoidance, various physical enhancements for speed, and security protocols like WPA2. The document also discusses the significance of IEEE 802.11 in modern wireless communication and its applications in home networking, enterprise solutions, and public Wi-Fi hotspots.

Uploaded by

Veer Gohil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IEEE 802.

11 Overview
IEEE 802.11 is a s,,\ ol standards for Wireless Local Area Networks (WlANs). wmmonly known as Wi-
fi, that allow devices lo wmmunicate 1Wer radio frequencies such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHL It is
widely used forw irelE5s wmmunicalion in homes, businesses, and public arNs.

Key Features and Protocols


l. Medium Atco,u Control (MAC) :
uses CSMAJCA 10 avoid data collisions and ensures efficienl 1rar,smission with tedlniques like
frame aggregotior> and dynamic ftequency selection (DFS).

2. Physical ~er £nh.anci,ments:


lncorporai,s MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) for increa5ed speed. OFDM for better
spectral efficiency, and beam forming for focused signal mmsmission.

3. Advanced 51.a.ndards:

• 802.11n: Introduced MIMD. achieving speeds up to 600 Mbps.

• 802.11ac: Improved speeds with wider channels and better MIMD.

• 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6): Focuses on efficiency ir high-density environments with OFDMA and
TWT for power saving.

4. Security:
Ensures secure communication with protocols like WPA2/WPAl. 802.lli. and robust encryption
{AES).

Applications
Wid~ly used in home networking. enterprise solution;, 10T (e.g, smarl homes). and public Wi · Fi
hotspots. Advanced features lil:e 802.11r enable seamless roaming, while 802.11" <Upports wirel.,.;s
me<;h networking.

Significance
IEEE 802.11 is vital for modem wireless communica1ion, offering high-
1

@) ,' Data Plane,and:Control Plane in:$.0 _--


' • ! •
·"~Defined
·,.\
~etworkin.g,1 (SDN)
•~;if..:-:;,,\·;~---.' :
~
In the context,of.So~'~!I~ ~~ ~N~~tlg1(~D~_)! ~ P,lane,a~ f~~IIPlane are two critical
l~yers that worlc,tgg_f ~~~ -~ -- . _ b ~,fl~~~ aodleffici~nt network ma'!!~ ntenJ. Here's a detailed
explanation1slli~b_~ ~ I !~M 7: -;-m!~ ii[ ·-~ . ··~':::J~
-,\-·,i}~r -

•- L;it,;i;,.,,_+,,
• ThelO~\a P.lane, also known " 1Jhe,ff}rwqrt/ing,plane, is responsible for the actual transmission of
data packets through ,the,network.

• It handles tasks such as:

• Packet forwarding

• Routing

• Data filtering

• Quality of Service (QoS) enforcement

• In SON, the Data Plane is typically implemented on network devices such as switches and
routers, which carry out the instructions provided by the Control Plane.

• It operates at a lower level, focusing solely on data transfer without making decisions about the
.J, I

path or policy.
Example: When a packet arrives at a switch, the Data Plane forwards it to the next hop based on
rules configured l:5y the Control Plane.

2. Control Plana

• The Control Plane is the decision-making laytt,of.theinetwork. It is responsible for managing


and controlling how data packets are forwarded!by ttie Data Plane.

• Functions indude:

·• Path computatio n and routing

• Policy enforceme nt

• Networlct~pology discovery

• Traffic engineerin g

• In SDN, the Control Plane is centralized in a software-based SON controller, which


communic ates with all devices in the network.

• This separation of control logic from the hardware simplifies network manageme nt and enables
programmability.

Example: The SON controller dynamically decides the best path for packets based on network
conditions and configures the forwarding rules on the switches.
Key Differences

Data Plane
Control P.l■ne
Function Packet forward ing ,P,ath1!nd1policydecision
Location Networ k devices (e.g., switches, routers) 1
~~r1traljzed SDN controller
- 1 1

Focus Execution of instructions · Cll!~tion.of,instructions


Flexibility Fixed, hardware-specific . f ~are~ efine d; 1programmable
1ble
1able

1. Sc.I. mi.-
9111
_. • ed control simpli the addition of new devices.
2. Flexibility: Chang e~ in network policies an be implemented dynamically withou
t altering
hardware.

3. Cost Efficiency: Uses commodity hardw re with centralized, software-bas


ed control.
4. Innovation: Enables new network functi nalities such as traffic engine
ering, security automation,
and fault recovery.

By decoupling the Data Plane and Control Pl ne, SON transforms traditio
nal networks into agile,
programmable systems suitable for modern pplications.

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