S. T er-M in aso va, L. Uzunova, O. K utina, J.

Yasinskaya
 b ) Brainstorm. W ork in groups of three. Make a spidergram of great problems
of the modern world. Share your ideas with your classmates.

c) W h y do you think that nature hates all sudden changes?

2. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

acid ['aesid] adj: acid rain. Acid rains destroy crops. Acid rains are dangerous both to
people and wildlife. Acid rains are a global problem.
deforestation [di:,fbristeijh] n: the process of cutting down trees from the area:
Deforestation is a serious environmental problem. Deforestation results in destruction of
natural environment o f flora and fauna. Growth o f cities caused deforestation.
environment [in'vaironmont] n: the natural world, such as land, water, air, plants, animals:
global environment; natural environment; to pollute environment; to protect environment.
People’s activities destroy the natural environment of our planet.
flooding ['flAdirj] n\ a situation when water from a river or rain covers large areas of
land: The flooding left thousands of people homeless. St Petersburg has flooding each
spring. Heavy rains resulted in flooding.
rubbish ['rAbiJ] tv. things that you throw away because they are no longer useful, such as
old food, paper, plastic, empty containers: The streets were dirty with rubbish. If we use
old containers again, it will reduce the everyday rubbish.
waste ['weist] v. to use more than you need: to waste time; to waste money; to waste
water; to waste natural resources. Switch o ff the lights, don’t waste energy. Why do you
waste money on lottery tickets?

4
I______________________________________________ Nature Hates H ll Sudden Changes

3. Answer the questions using the words from Exercise 2.

1. What can be polluted?

2. How can we protect nature/environment?
3. What can become rubbish?
4. What do people usually waste?
5. How can pollution change our environment?
6. Why is flooding/acid rain/deforestation dangerous to environment?

4. Match the parts of the sentences. W rite down the sentences into your exercise book.
Think and say what can be done to cope with each problem. W rite down your ideas
into the exercise book.

1. Global warming means that

2. Heavy traffic
3. Gases produced by factories
4. Chemicals used on crops in the countryside
5. Heavy rain and rising water levels in rivers
6. People produce too much waste
7. Burning oil, gas and coal
8. Deforestation

a) pollutes the air in cities and towns.

b) leads to global warming.
c) result in flooding.
d) the weather is becoming hotter and drier.
e) are dangerous to birds and animals.
f) create acid rains and destroy crops.
g) which pollutes the land and is dangerous to wildlife.
h) destroys homes of wildlife.

5. a) Look at the pictures and say what global problems are shown there.

b) Say what problem is the most dangerous to people. W h y do you think so?
6. а) Read the short texts and match them with the list of global problems of the world.

b) Explain in one sentence what each problem stands for.

W rite down the definitions into your exercise book.

G loba l P r o b le m s 1. Acid rain

2. Deforestation
A. Trees are very important for global health. They are part of our 3. Flooding
ecosystem, they give us different materials and resources, they 4. Pollution
are homes to the wild world of plants and animals. They make 5. Rubbish
air clean and they are so beautiful. However, people are quickly
cutting down forests for different reasons.
B. Big cities make about a ton of it for each family each year. To fight with wastes
new technologies and strict rules are introduced. For example, people should throw
their waste into differently coloured bins - for paper, glass, plastic. Second-hand things
are specially collected and are reused by poorer people. Owners of pet dogs must
clean up the droppings after their pets. There are special bins with words “dogs’ waste
only”.
C. It is one of the most serious pollution problems. What happens is this. First, factories
sent gases into the air. There they mix and are carried away for hundreds of miles by
the wind. Finally, they fall back to the earth when it rains or snows. When it happens,
it pollutes thousands of lakes and rivers, killing fish and other wildlife. It can also
destroy forests and land.
D. It happens when water cannot disappear or dry fast enough in rivers or after heavy
rains. It often happens after winter. For example, in Siberia snow turns into water while
rivers are still under ice.
E. We .give this name to waste products that get into the air, water, land and they can’t
be broken quickly by natural process. It harms the health of plants, animals, people.
To make it less dangerous governments make laws to protect the environment — we
need all to keep our environment clean and healthy.

7. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Share your point of view with
your classmates.

1. Modem lighting in streets and buildings makes it difficult for astronomers to study
the night sky.
2. The noise in the streets, inside houses, loud music, noise from transport have become
a great problem in cities.
3. Forests and parks form part of the city’s green zone, but different chemicals used in
the city in winter kill them.
4. Scientists say that mobile phones are dangerous if they are used longer than 20
minutes at a time.

8* . Put the verbs in the correct tense.

D a n g e r o u s T elep h o n es
Modern communications (1) (to influence) our lives in many ways. Since the 1980s the
mobile phone (2) (to prove) to be the most popular means of communication. It (3) (to
introduce) publicly in Chicago in 1983 and (4) (to be) a success from the start.
However, scientists (5) (to believe) that mobile phones shouldn’t (6) (to use) for more
than twenty minutes at a time because they may (7) (to develop) short-term memory
loss1.

1 short-term m emory loss — кратковременная потеря памяти

 Nature Hates HU Sadden Changes

Microbiologists (8) (to discover) that more than 2,000 thousand different
types of bacteria (9) (to live) on our telephones. They (10) (to make) people
ill with flu, cold, sore throats, earaches and many others. Bacteria life (11) (to
be) so active because of our dirty hands. Public telephone boxes (12) (to be)
very dangerous for our health. The special Cleaning Service (13) (to organize)
to clean telephone boxes. Town and city telephones in Great Britain (14) (to
clean) daily, often at 4 am, but in the country districts phones (15) (to receive)
weekly attention. The Cleaning Service also (16) (to remove) graffiti, (17) (to
wash) floors and glass panels. They (18) (to use) antiseptic sprays on the
mouthpieces.

A
Useful Language
w acid rain, deforestation, flooding, to protect, rubbish,
to waste

r
Homework
1. Ex. 2, 4 ^ 2 . Ex. 1 - 4
у

Lesson 52 1
5
4
3
2

1. Answer the questions using the new words from Exercise 2 on page 4.

1. Do you think that it is important to take care of nature? Why?

2. What environmental problems does your native city/town/place have?
3. Which problem is the most important for you? What can be done to solve it?
4. What can people do to make our world healthier and cleaner?
5. Have you ever heard the expression “to go green”? How do you understand it?

2. a) Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

advertise ['sedvo.taiz] v: to try to make people buy a product or service by giving

information about it on television, on the Internet, in newspapers: This book is advertised
in all women’s magazines. We need to advertise for a new gardener. The concert was
advertised all over the city.
consume [kon'sjicm] v. to eat or drink something, to use time, energy, resources: to
consume products; to consume time; to consume energy. Reduce meat you consume. He
consumes too much chocolate. The new system consumes less energy. It is time-consuming.
recycle [rk'saikl] v: to make old things, such as newspapers, bottles, usable again: to
recycle paper, glass, metal, plastic. Old materials can be recycled for children’s fancy-
party costumes. Japan recycles 40 per cent o f its old products.
reduce [ri'djuus] v. to make something smaller or less in size, in number; to cut down:
to reduce something to the minimum; to reduce the price; to reduce the calories in the
diet; to reduce pollution.
 b) Complete the sentences using the words from Exercise 2a.
1. Look at our bill! We ... too much energy!
2. Does this company ... its products on TV?
3. 60 per cent of Macdonald’s package bags are made from paper that was ... .
4. When the season is over, many shops ... the price of the old collection.
5. What product does your family ... the most?
6. You should ... chocolate in your diet if you want to become slim.

3. a) Word Building. Study the table. Give the Russian equivalents to the derivatives1.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

pollution pollute polluted —

recycling recycle recycled -

environment — environmental environmentally

reduction reduce reduced -

waste waste wasted

wasteful wastefully
protection protect protected —

advertisement advertise advertised —

consumer consume consumable consumably

consumption

b) Use the correct derivatives of the words in block letters.

1. ... in big cities is one of the most serious problems of the time. POLLUTE
2. ... products are much cheaper and their production saves materials RECYCLE
and energy.
3. Do you buy ... friendly products? ENVIRONMENT
4. Don’t use so much water to wash dishes. It is...! WASTE
5. Many kinds of animals need our ... PROTECT
6. ... diet will make you look healthier. REDUCE
7. What do these ... want us to buy? ADVERTISE
8. Tea is the most ... drink in our family. CONSUME

4. Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1. What kind of things do people put in the recycling bins?

2. Why do people use recycling bins?
3. Do you have recycling facilities in your town, city? Do you use them? Why/Why not?

1
 Nature Hates H ll Sudden Changes

5. a) Read the advertisements from magazines and say what they are about.

30
D YS
OF GREEN
Can you chang e th e w o rld in 30 days?
You can start by giving new life to old things.
Buying old things - but new to you -
is great for the planet,
because they don't need new energy
and resources to produce.
Together we can create a new environment.

b) Say what other programmes to protect and save nature you know.

6. a) Work in pairs. Learn how “green” your classmate is.

How Green Are You?

1 If you had a lot of old newspapers and empty bottles, would you
a) leave them outdoors?
b) put them in a rubbish bin?
c) recycle them?
2 If you could choose, which transport would you use in your everyday life?
a) a big, fast car
b) a motorbike
c) a bicycle
2 If you were in the middle of a city and wanted to go somewhere one or two
kilometres away, would you
a) take a taxi?
b) take a bus?
c) walk/cycle?
4 If you had a picnic on the beach, what would you do with your rubbish? Would you
a) leave your rubbish on the beach?
b) put your rubbish in the first bin you found?
c) take your rubbish home?
5 If you had 1,000$ to spend, would you
a) buy a fur coat?
b) go on a safari?
c) buy a pet?
6 If it were cold in your house, would you
a) turn up the heating?
b) do exercises to warm yourself?
c) put on an extra sweater?
b) Give advice to your classmate. Use the example.

'— t X A w i j o / c --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If I were you, I would rather ... than ... .
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

7. Listen to the text and choose the points mentioned in it from the list below. You
need these words to understand the text:

a tree hugger - з д . любитель деревьев

a green snob - з д . зеленый зануда
to give up — бросить, оставить идею, затею

W h at Does Going Green Mean?

1. Plant trees each autumn and spring.
2. Make great changes in your lifestyle to become green.
3. Have your own bags when you go shopping.
4. Don’t waste water when you clean your teeth.
5. Don’t waste electrical power.
6. Don’t throw away rubbish; recycle it.
7. Don’t sleep with the air conditioning on.
8. Use public transport rather than your own car.
9. Use baking soda to clean your house.

8. a) W ork in pairs. Read the text and discuss if you want to go green.

D o У-ои "И /ant to Q o g te e n ?

If you want to help the environment and want to start doing something, these habits1
will make it easier for you to go green. Read about the six habits now, and take actions
to improve and protect the environment.

1a habit - привычка
 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes

These are the six habits that will help you to go green.
1. Respect all forms of life and live in peace with nature.
2. Learn more about environment.
3. Practise the three "Rs" - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
4. Spread the environmental message and influence others.
5. Support local environmental activities and groups.
6. Use your rights as a citizen.
b) W ork in Chain. Continue the sentence.
► To be green means ... .

9. Write an essay “Is It Easy to Be Green?” W rite 180—200 words. Follow the plan.

Ш Ш Н П Ш Н Ш

1. Three “Rs” stand for reduce, reuse, recycle. Match the words with their
definitions and give examples of what can be reduced, reused or recycled.

1) to treat waste materials so that they can be used again a) to reduce

2) to use something again for a different purpose b) to reuse
3) to make something smaller or less in size, importance c) to recycle

11
2. Read some G reen L iv in g Tips and discuss them in a group. Act out a dialogue
with your classmate.

3 R - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

1. Wash plastic bags with hot soapy water and use them
again.
2. Reuse paper that has been used on only one side. Turn
the paper over and print on the back.
3. Use empty glass jars as containers in the garage, workshop,
or in your workplace.
4. Use gift bags again.
5. Cut old worn clothing into dust rags for dusting, cleaning
or washing.

3. Listen to the article from a magazine and explain the following words:

recycled, reclaimed1, up-cycled, cradle-to-cradle1

2, eco-friendly.
Read the text out loud.

E c o -L a b e l s
What’s the difference between up-cycled and recycled? And does reclaimed really mean
anything? Whenever you see any of these labels3, it means that our natural resources are
saved. However, it is not easy to be eco-friendly.
Recycled products, for example, are made from different materials thrown into a recycling
box. They are old magazines and newspapers, plastic milk containers, glass bottles, old
clothes. Thanks to modern technologies these things are changed into a new product.
Recycling often results in lower quality goods4, as when printer paper is turned into
newsprint.
Reclaimed products are made from old materials. These can be bricks from an old
building for constructing a new home; or handbags designed from old boat sails; anything
that results in a second life.
Manufacturers use this term “up-cycled” when high-quality products are made from
lower-quality goods. It helps keeping materials in use. It happens when you throw away
your old, worn T-shirt or an old TV set in a shop and the company will up-cycle them
into new ones.
Cradle-to-cradle idea is that the life and afterlife of products are planned from beginning
to end, having a zero-waste system. Often, the product (like a rug or a pair of shoes) is
designed to be returned to the manufacturer and made into a new thing.

4. a) Look at the pictures on page 13 and say what things you can give a second life
if you buy them.

b) Think about other things which can get a second life. W rite down your ideas
into the exercise book.

1reclaim ed [ri'kleimd] - востребованный опять

2 a cradle f'kreidl] - колы бель, истоки, начало
3 a label [’leibl] - ярлы к
4 quality ['kwobtij goods - качественный товар, продукт
 Nature Hates НИ Sudden Changes

a toy plastic truck

a plastic water bottle

a football

5. Match the parts of the sentences.

1. Recycling paper has been the greatest success

2. Plastic is the hardest material to recycle
3. Metal is another important material
4. 20 per cent of glass is recycled and is used for many other things

a) because there are so many different kinds of this material; only

two per cent of it is usually recycled.
b) because it is the easiest material to recycle; it has been turned
into birthday cards, boxes, hundreds of other things.
c) for example, for making new bottles or new design of buildings.
d) making new things from old car parts or aluminium cans saves
much energy; it is also much cheaper than mining1 it.

1to mine - добывать

г шш
г |U | б
О. Look at the list of some environmental problems and possible ways of solving them.
Find the solutions a —g to the problems 1—5. Share your ideas with your classmates.

1. We produce too much rubbish.

2. We use too many natural resources (oil, gas, wood, metal, coal).
3. We pollute the atmosphere.
4. We waste too much water.
5. We cut down too many forests.

a. Buy recycled products.

b. Use other energy resources (wind, water, solar power).
c. Reuse glass, paper, plastic.
d. Don’t let water running while you are cleaning teeth or washing dishes.
e. Go on foot, use bicycles or public transport for short journeys.
f. Plant more trees.
g. Don’t wash every day.

7. a) Listen to the following text and give a title to it. Explain your choice,
V’^
b) Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.

1. The Americans consume about ... .

2. The Americans produce about ... .
3. America is rich in ... .
4. Only about one million of Native Americans lived ... .
5. In the 20th century the Americans began thinking about their ... .
6. American children are taught at school how ... .

1I c o f lIII
U9C1 ll 1 nndu
Ld llgll age
л cradle-to-cradle, eco-friendly, reclaimed, to recycle,
recycled, to reduce, to reuse, up-cycled

U
nun im
i ip
cwwu
A ir L
n
____ j шшшш И Р Я И И и
(4) 1- No. 41 2. Ex. 3, 4 ^ 3. Ex. 1 -4

4. Project Work: “What Do People Throw Away?”

Observe what people throw away. Visit a fast-food
restaurant and count containers that are thrown away
from one person’s meal. Visit a supermarket and study
the way food is packed. What can be done to be less
wasteful? Give your ideas to your classmates.

J
 Nature Hates HU Sadden Changes

Lesson 5 4

1. Project. Present your project: “W hat Do People Throw Away?”

GRAMMAR

■ Countable and Uncountable Nouns

(Revision)

a piece of cake; • a tube of toothpaste;

a glass/bottle of water; • a can of cola/fanta;
a jar of honey/jam; • a carton of milk;
a packet of tea/rice; • a slice of cheese/ham;
a loaf/slice of bread; • a lump of sugar;
a kilo of meat/cheese; • a pile of rubbish.
a bar of chocolate/soap;

2. a) Fill in gaps with a noun to indicate quantity.

a ... of tea a ... of bread

a ... of meat a ... of chocolate
a ... of sugar a ... of cola
a ... of rubbish a ... of milk
a ... of jam a ... of toothpaste

b) W ork in pairs. Ask and answer questions as in the example.

<— 1 1 ...............
How much tea do you drink every day?
I usually consume four cups of tea per day.3
0
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
J

3. Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. The piles of rubbish was/were seen from the window.

2. There is/are some orange jam on the table. Help yourself!
3. Why is/are there two open tubes of toothpaste in the bathroom?
4. There was/were five cans of cola in the fridge, some fanta was/were on the table.
5. Milk is/are rich in protein.
6. This cheese costs/cost more than that one.
7. Plastic was/were invented in the 19th century.
8. News from home has/have come so suddenly.
9. Good advice is/are needed!
10. Oranges was/were first grown in Asia.

15
4. Study the following chart. Say what products are the most/the least consumed by
people. W h y do you think there is so much waste in consumption? W hat products
can be reduced in our diet? W h at products are the most important for our healthy
diet?

Consumed and Wasted

Products Bought (per person per Wasted (per person per

year) year)

Meat 47 kg 16 kg

Chicken, turkey 32 kg 12 kg

Fish and sea products 7 kg 2 kg

Eggs 12 kg 2 kg

Butter 2 kg 0,3 kg

Milk 76 kg 16 kg

Cheese 13 kg 2 kg

Nuts 4 kg 0,4 kg

Fresh vegetables 59 kg 18 kg

Fresh fruit 35 kg 10 kg

Sugar, honey 55 kg 11 kg

Bread 78 kg 16 kg

5. a) W ork in pairs. Act out a dialogue using the tips below.

• what products his/her family consumes the m ost/the least;

• what products are usually wasted and why;
• consumption of what products can be reduced;
• if more balanced diet in the family can save the family money/time/health.
b ) W rite the questions and answers to them into the exercise book.

6 * . W ork in Chain. Make a sentence of your own using the words advertising,
recycling, reduction, consum ption and their derivatives. Follow the example.

<— t>cOivvijoJiL ---------------------------------

Sugar consumption:
1. Why don’t you want to reduce sugar consumption?
2. Do you want me to consume more cakes and sweets?
3. Sugar is good for the brain. Besides, I am a sweet tooth, etc.
 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes

7. Complete the text.

W T t a t is a ca lorie?
A calorie is a unit of energy we get from food. Well, we eat
to (1) ... our body with energy. Thanks to this (2) ... we live,
move, act, think. When food is eaten, it becomes combined
with oxygen1 in the body cells2 and energy is given off.
Each type of (3) ... has some number of calories. For
example, one gram of protein3 provides four calories, but
one gram of fat provides nine calories. The number of
calories the (4) ... needs depends on the work it has to
do. Children and teenagers usually (5) ... more calories
than adults because they are growing and active in their
lifestyle. Studies need more energy than (6) ... work. People
who are worried about getting (7) ... pay a lot of attention
to the number of calories they have in food. The body uses up
what food it needs and (8) ... some for future use. The body can
have about one-third of the number it needs each day. The rest becomes fat!

1. a) give b) provide с) produce

2. a) calories b) activity с) energy
3. a) meals b) products с) food
4. a) body b) people с) men
5. a) produce b) consume с) eat
6. a) physical b) social с) intellectual
7. a) thin b) slim с) fat
8. a) has b) saves с) gets

8. Listen to the text “How to Feed the Planet?” and complete the sentences with the
correct information.
1. By 2045 there will be ... living on our planet.
2. People don’t have enough ... for their needs.
3. Agriculture must become ... .
4. Poor countries must take more care of their ... .
5. Rich countries must reduce the ... of meat.
6. People shouldn’t buy ... than they need.

9. a) Listen to the text and read it out loud.

b) Give a title to the story. Explain your choice.

During its short history the United States have provided a home for millions of people
of every race, nationality and religion. However, their life has not always been easy. In the
1930s, during the Great Depression, dusty winds came to the central states and spoilt
the land.
John Steinbeck (1902-1968) is a famous American writer. One of the best books of
the author is the novel "The Grapes of Wrath" written in 1939. This book tells the story
of an Oklahoma farming family, the Joads. They had to leave their farm because of
environmental and economic situation. So they moved to California.

1oxygen ['nksicfe(9)n] - кислород

2cells [selz] - клетки Библиотека
3protein [’prnutiin] - белок
МАОУ СОШ № 31
Инв. №
17
■* =

Then, as now, California was the biggest producer of fruit in

the United States and one of the biggest in the world. The Joads
arrived in California and could see that the land was fertile, good
for crops. And yet, they saw people dying from hunger and ripe
crops destroyed every day.
Steinbeck wrote that the year was heavy with produce. And the
men were proud that their knowledge could produce such rich
crops. Little sour apples had grown large and sweet; old grape that
was growing among the trees and fed birds, had grown a thousand
types, red, black, green, pink, yellow. Each type tasted different and
nice. The men who worked at the experimental farms had selected
new fruit: nectarines, forty kinds of plums. And they always worked,
John Steinbeck
(1 9 0 2 -1 9 6 8 ) selecting, changing, producing.
But why were people hungry having such rich crops? Steinbeck
continued, “And first the cherries ripen. Cent and half a pound.
Hell, we can’t pick them for that. Black cherries and red cherries, full and sweet, and
the birds eat half of each cherry... And the pears grow yellow and soft. Five dollars a
ton. Five dollars for forty fifty-pound boxes. Trees arecultivated - pick the fruit, put
it in boxes, take to factories, put in cans - forty boxes for five dollars. The canned
pears do not spoil. They will be good to eat for years. We can’t do it. And the yellow
fru it falls heavily to the ground and splashes on the ground.”
John Steinbeck described one of the
darkest pages in the history of the USA -
men who could cultivate and produce more,
were not ready to let hungry people eat
their, produce. They had to keep the
price. People had walked miles to pick
oranges on the ground. But this could
not be done. Oranges cost twenty cents a
fruit! So, let the crops rot1 2!

c) Answer the questions.

1. Why did the Joads arrive in California?

2. What was produced in California?
3. How much did fruit cost? Was it cheap or expensive?
4. Were people ready to pay for fruit? Why?
5. What happened to the crops?

Hom ework
(D 1. No. 44

2. Ex. 5, 9 ^ 3. Ex. 1 -4

1“The Grapes of W rath” «Гроздья гнева»

2rot — гнить

I
 Nature Hates /HI Sudden Changes

1. Listen to the following statements made by different people about the places where
they live. Tick in the chart in your Workbook and say if they are happy with their
local environment, not pleased or worried about it. Give reasons for your answers.

2. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

endanger [m'deincfea] v. to put someone or something into the situation of danger: Many
wild animals are endangered because o f pollution. Deforestation endangers our planet.
habitat ['haebi.taet] n: a type of place that an animal normally lives in or a plant normally
grows in: natural habitat. Rainforests are a natural habitat for thousands of species.
Pollution endangers wildlife habitat.
extinct [ik'stirjkt] adj: an extinct animal or plant is a species that does not exist any
longer: extinct species. The Tasmanian tiger became extinct in 1936. Because o f pollution
many wild species will become extinct.
rainforest ['rem,ft)rist] v: a forest in a tropical region of the world where it rains a lot:
the Amazon rainforests; areas of rainforests. Rainforests are important environmental areas
and many people want them to be protected.
sanctuary [’saerjktfuori] n: a special area where animals live in a natural environment
protected from people: a wildlife sanctuary. Opening new sanctuaries can help to save
endangered species.
species (species) ['spi:/i:z] n: a plant or an animal group with common characteristics:
a rare tropical species; an endangered species. Over 120 species o f birds live in this
region. Amur tigers are an endangered species.
survive [so'vaiv] v. to continue to live, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation:
Sanctuaries help endangered species to survive. Deforestation doesn’t give chances to
wildlife species to survive. People will not survive if they don’t protect the environment.

3. Match the parts of the sentences.

1. If people don’t protect the environment

2. If industry endangers wildlife
3. If a new sanctuary is open
4. If rainforests are not destroyed for economic needs
5. If scientists don’t find the solution
6. If we survive this environmental problem

a) the natural habitats of many species of flora and fauna will

disappear.
b) we will be less wasteful with natural resources.
c) the giant panda will become extinct.
d) then many endangered species of wildlife will be protected.
e) they will suffer from the pollution.
f) the air on our planet will be cleaner.

19
4. Word Building, a) Study the chart and remember how the derivatives from the
new words are formed.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

— endanger endangered —
survival survive surviving —
extinction — extinct —

b ) Derive the words.

1. The (survive) of the Earth depends on the human activity of Man.
2. The black rhino is endangered with (extinct).
3. The red wolf is an (endanger) species, only 200 animals live in a sanctuary.

5.Use the chart below to talk about some of global problems —their consequences1
and possible ways of solution. Follow the example.

'— 111
Growth of towns and cities results in/leads to the destruction of the natural habitat
of many species. This problem can be reduced/solved/overcome by opening new
national parks, for example.
________________________________________________________________ _______________ у

Problems Consequence How to protect

Growth of towns and Open national parks.
cities Natural habitat is Stop the development of
destroyed. towns and cities.

Deforestation / destruction Plant new forests.

of rainforests
Hunting Species are Have laws to protect animal
endangered. rights.
Don’t buy wild animal
products.
Pollution of the environment Environment becomes Have laws to protect nature.
unhealthy.
Growth of agriculture Animals and birds lose Develop more productive
their homes. agricultures
Farmers use chemicals Have better crops saving
to protect crops. system.

6. a) Read the text and answer the questions.

• Why are rainforests important for people?

• Why are they cut down?

1consequences [’knnsikwansiz] - последствия

 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes

R a in f o r e s t s
The rainforests have about 50 per cent of all the plants
and animals species on earth. The rainforests have given
people medicine that saves lives from many illnesses.
They provide us with exotic fruit such as oranges, lemons,
bananas. We can’t imagine our diet without chocolate and
coffee. No one can really say what else we can discover
in the rainforests.
Yet, from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s, more than
one million species disappeared from the world’s tropical
rainforests, the size of these forests became smaller from
4.7 to 4.2 billion acres.
Are these forests really important to everyone on earth?
Why are they cut down?
Rainforests are important for people in four ways: firstly, they provide the development of
economy; secondly, they ensure scientific interest; thirdly, they are environmentally necessary;
and the last, but not the least, they represent recreational value (реабилитационная
ценность). Can people do anything to protect them?
b) Study both sides of the problem: the environmental value of rainforests and
the needs of the people who are cutting them down. Fill in the chart in your
Workbook. W rite down the paragraphs in your exercise book.

7. A motto of the environmental movement in the United States is “Think globally,

act locally”. W hy do you think they chose this as a motto? How do they relate?
What can people do to protect wildlife, save the environment?

8. a) Listen to the text and read it. W here do you think we may read such a text?
What kind of information does it have: advertising/entertaining/ethic? Read it out
loud.

Land... What else can give you so much pleasure

now and for years to come?
This land is far from the crowds and the rat race of
cities, away from noise and pollution. It is nature in an
unspoiled state.
Each ranch is 40 acres or more. It is really a very
wide territory. It is located up in the mountains of
Colorado’s glorious Sangre de Cristo1 range - the heart
of the Rockies, where deer, eagles, wild turkey and
other birds and animals still live.
You can build here if and when you want. You may
use it as a base for vacations, for skiing, hunting,
fishing, hiking, camping and all kinds of outdoor sports
and family fun.
It is a perfect place to make your American dream true. Here you will taste life. You will
understand that it is worth living.
The company Forbes Wagon Creek Ranch is happy to share this land with you and your
family. This territory covers over 400 square miles of unspoiled paradise2 in Colorado.
Ranches here start at $30,000. It is not a small amount. But unlike paintings or new
cars, you can share it with your nearest and dearest and enjoy America the beautiful.

Sangre de Cristo - Кровь Христа

2paradise [’paeradais] - рай

21
 b ) Answer the questions to the text.
1. Where is the land situated?
2. What kind of country is it?
3. What can attract people to this place?
4. What can people enjoy doing there?
5. This country is called “unspoiled”. Do you think it will still be unspoiled after new
settlers buy ranches? Why?

U seful Language
^ to endanger, extinct, a habitat, a rainforest,
a sanctuary, species, to survive

(J ) 1. No. 46

2. Ex. 2, 4, 5 ^ 3. Ex. 1-4

i
S’s s o n 56
I
1. Read the following definitions and guess the words.

1. A special area where animals live in a natural environment protected from people.
2. A plant or an animal group with common characteristics.
3. To continue to live, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation.
4. To put someone or something into the situation of danger.
5. A type of place that an animal normally lives in or a plant normally grows in.
6. A forest in a tropical region of the world where it rains a lot.
7. An animal or a plant that doesn’t exist any more.

2. Fill in the gaps using the words from exercise 2 on page 19.

1. We can find a list of ... species in the Red Book.

2. The quickly changing environment makes many species ... .
3. California is known for rare ... of plants.
4. What is the natural ... for camels?
5. People must save ... for scientific needs.
6. Species can’t ... if their habitat is destroyed.
7. ... provide protection to wildlife.

3. W hy are animals in danger? Put the words from the box in the correct category.

Hunting Danger to habitat Pollution

( ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
farm ing/agriculture ■ deforestation ■ flooding ■ climatic changes ■ fu r
■ housing/growth of cities ■ industrial waste ■ rubbish ■ motorways/roads
■ over-fishing ■ hunting
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________/
 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes

4. Change the short dialogues into Reported Speech. W rite them down into your
exercise book.

1. A: What can be done to protect endangered species?

В: I think, we can join environmental organizations for a start.

2. A: What is the best way to help animals in danger?

B: We should never buy products made from such animals.

3. A: I am sure that it is a bad taste to wear a fur coat, even an old one!
B: Have you joined "Friends of the Earth” or “Animal Rights”?

4. A: Oh, your handbag is so fashionable! Is it made from alligator skin?

B: No, it is man-made. I never buy leather things.

5. Listen to the text. Agree or disagree with the statements below.

You will need this word to understand the text:

to adapt [o'daept] - приспосабливаться

When a n im a ls b e c o m e ex tin ct,

1. Nature makes animal species slowly change.
2. There are "successful” and “unsuccessful” species.
3. Some animals can quickly adapt to a new habitat.
4. Animals become extinct because of the pollution.
5. People have hunted some species to extinction.

6. a) Read the advertisement and say

• what it advertises;
• where it invites;
• what the purpose is;
• what you need to join the project;
• how long it will last;
• if you’d like to join it, why.

Work on the Wild Side!

Africa — Amazon — Borneo — Bahamas — Fiji

• Volunteers needed for 10 week Biodiversity

GREENFORCE research expeditions
• No experience necessary. Full training provided

Web site: www.greenforce.org

23
 b) W rite down your answers in the exercise book.

7. a) Read the text from the book of a famous British writer Arthur Conan Doyle
“The Lost W o rld ” and say:

• why Professor Challenger travelled to the Amazon;

• what made the Professor continue his journey after all material for his scientific
work had been collected.
b) Find the description of the Tost world’ and say what made it protected.
c) Listen to the extract from the text and read it out loud.

“ The Lost W orld” was published in 1912. The novel

described an expedition to the Am azon in South Am erica
where prehistoric animals (dinosaurs and other extinct
species) still survived. Edward Malone, a reporter for the
Daily Gazette, goes to his news editor to get a dangerous
and adventurous mission to impress the woman he loves,
Gladys Hungerton. He is sent to interview Professor George
Edward Challenger, who has attacked four or fiv e other
journalists, who wanted to learn more about his journey
to South Am erica. A ft e r some arguments with Malone,
Challenger tells the reporter about his discovery o f dinosaurs
in South Am erica.

T h e L o s t W orld
Professor Challenger began his story, “ Maybe you know, young man, that two years
ago I made a journey to South America. The object of my journey was scientific. You must
know - or maybe, in this half-educated age you don’t know, — that the country round
some parts of the Amazon is still not fully explored. It was my business to visit this little-
known country and to examine its fauna, which provided me with materials for my work
upon zoology. I was returning, my work was done, when I happened to spend a night at
a small Indian village. They had some need for my medical services, and I followed the
chief to one of the huts. When I entered, I understood that the man who needed my
help had died. He was, to my surprise, not Indian, but a white man; I may say, a very
white man, for he was fair-haired. He was a stranger to Indians, and had come to the
village through the woods alone.
The man had some luggage and I examined it. His name was written upon it - Maple
White, Lake Avenue, Detroit, Michigan. It is a name to which I am prepared always to
lift my hat. The man had been an artist and a poet. There were some commonplace
pictures of the river, a box of paints and coloured chalks, some brushes, a cheap gun.
His personal equipment he had either lost or had none. Among his things there was a
sketchbook. Here it is. I hand it to you now and I ask you to take it page by page and
to examine the contents." ф
I opened the first page. Nothing special — it had nothing but a picture of a very fat
man. “Jimmy Colver”, written below it. Several pages were filled with small sketches of
Indians and their ways, studies of women and their babies, some animal drawings. At last
I came across a picture of a rock with a great tree on its top.
“Well," asked Challenger.
“ It is no doubt curious, but I am not geologist enough to say that it is wonderful,” said I.
“Wonderful!" he repeated. “It is unique. No one on earth has ever dreamed of such a
possibility. Now the next.”
I turned it over and gave a cry of surprise. There was a full-page picture of the most
extraordinary creature that I had ever seen.
“Well, what do you think of that?” cried the Professor.
 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes

"It is monstrous - grotesque.”

“But what made him draw such an animal?”
“What is your explanation?”
"Only one - this creature exists! That is sketched from life. Look here, you see that
plant behind the animal. Don’t you see that the man did it on purpose? To show the size
of the creature!”
"Good heavens!”
“There is an excellent illustration here which would interest you. A Jurassic Dinosaur.”
The Professor took a book down from a shelf and handed it to me. I was puzzled as I
looked at the picture. In this reconstructed animal of a dead world there was a very great
resemblance1 to the sketch of the unknown artist. Then Challenger showed me a bone. It
was about six inches long and thicker than my thumb. “To what creature can this bone
belong?” asked the Professor. I examined it with care but my knowledge was not enough
to say anything.
"We will now leave the dead American and return to my story. You can imagine that
I could not come away from the Amazon after what I had seen. I decided to find that
place and Indian legends became my guide. You have heard of Curupuri, haven’t you?"
“Never.” “Curupuri is the spirit of the woods, something terrible, something to be avoided.
None can describe its shape or nature, but it is the word of terror along the Amazon.
Now all tribes agree as to the direction in which Curupuri lives. It was the same direction
from which the American had come. Something terrible lay that way. It was my business
to find out what it was.”
He gave me a photograph.
“I believe it is the same place as the painted picture,” said I.
“It is the same place,” the Professor answered. "I found traces of the American’s camp.
I explored some of this huge rock but couldn’t find any way to scale2 it. It appeared to
be very large; neither to the east nor to the west could I see any end to the green cliffs.
Below, it is a swampy3, jungly region, full of snakes, insects, and fever. It is a natural
protection to this unique country.”

•-

‘ resemblance [ri'zembbns] - сходство

2scale [skeil] - забраться
3swampy ['swnmpi] - болотистый

25
8. Complete the sentences according to the story above.

1. Professor Challenger hated journalists because they wanted ... .

2. Professor was invited into an Indian hut to ... .
3. Challenger examined the luggage of the stranger and understood that ... .
4. It was the picture of an extinct dinosaur that made the scientist ... .
5. The Native Indians were afraid of ... .
6. Professor couldn’t explore the lost world because ... .

Л
Homework
w ( ® ) 1. No. 48

2. Ex. 4, 6, 7 ^ 3. Ex. 1-4

1. Discuss the story “The Lost W o rld ” by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

• Speak about Professor Challenger — his interests and expedition to the Amazon;
• Speak about the traveller Maple White — his interests and journey to the Amazon;
• Speak about the reporter Edward Malone — his visit to the professor;
• Speak about the lost world — its location and species.

l GRAMMAR

■ Conditional III - Unreal Past

Conditional III is used to express imaginary situations which are contradictory to

the facts in the past. It is also used to express regrets or criticism.

If-c lau se Main clause

If + Past Perfect would/could/might + Perfect Infinitive
If they had told us about the expedition, we would have joined them.
Если бы они рассказали нам об экспедиции, мы бы к ним присоединились.
(Но они не рассказали об экспедиции, поэтому мы ничего не знали и не
присоединились к ним; ничего уже нельзя изменить.)
If he had read this advertisement, he wouldn’t have missed his chance.
Если бы он прочитал это объявление, он бы не упустил свой шанс.
(Но он это объявление не прочитал, и шанс был упущен; ничего изменить
нельзя.)

J
 Nature Hates HU Sadden Changes

2. Read the sentences and compare types of Conditionals.

Type of Example Use

Conditional
Conditional 1 If people throw rubbish into water, the A general truth, a fact
water will become dirty, polluted.
Conditional II If people threw rubbish into water, the A real or very probable
water would become polluted. situation in the present
or future
Conditional III If people had thrown rubbish into An imaginary, untrue
water, the water would have become situation
polluted. (But now it is clean,
unpolluted.)

3. Match the parts of the sentences.

1) If professor Challenger hadn’t travelled to the Amazon

2) If professor Challenger hadn’t been invited to the white traveller
3) If professor Challenger hadn’t studied the notes of the traveller
4) If it hadn’t been the beginning of the season of rains
5) If the Indians hadn’t been afraid of the forest spirit
6) If the place hadn’t been protected by the rainforest

a) he wouldn’t have learnt about the lost world.

b) the habitat of the lost world would have been destroyed long ago.
c) he wouldn’t have seen the pictures of the extinct animals.
d) they would have settled far in the jungle.
e) he would have had more time to explore the lost world.
f) he wouldn’t have collected material for his work.

4. Change the following sentences into Conditional III according to the example.

— — .... ..................................

It rained heavily yesterday and we stayed at home.

If it hadn’t rained heavily yesterday, we wouldn’t have stayed at home.
________________________________________ ______________________________________ 1

1 People used more lands for agriculture and destroyed the wildlife habitat.
2. Scientists changed the current (течение) of the river and destroyed the ecological
system in the region.
3. The children found a fox cub in the forest and brought it .home.
4. There were very rare rains last summer ancf" crops were poor.
5. Professor Challenger explored some species in the Amazon region and found the notes
5. Choose the correct sentences.

1 If I hadn’t watched this film, I wouldn’t have understood the article.

a) I didn’t understand the article.
b) I have watched the film.

2 If they hadn’t made a journey to Egypt, they wouldn’t have seen the pyramids.
a) They travelled to Egypt.
b) They didn’t see the pyramids.

If Jane hadn’t wasted so much time last year, she would have already finished her
research work.
a) Jane hasn’t finished her research work yet.
b) Jane didn’t waste time last year.

^ If farmers hadn’t used chemicals to grow crops last season, the insects would have
destroyed the crops.
a) The insects destroyed the crops.
b) The farmers used chemicals to protect their crops from insects.

5 If hunters had killed all foxes, you wouldn’t have seen any foxes in the forest.
a) Hunters killed all the foxes.
b) You have seen a fox in the forest.

6 If I had left for my country house yesterday, I would have seen the starfall.
a) I didn’t see any star fall yesterday.
b) I was in my country house yesterday.

6. Use your imagination and complete the sentences using the example. W rite the
sentences into the exercise book.

If I had missed the train ...

If I had missed the train, I wouldn’t have travelled to the Urals.1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

1. If I hadn’t read this article ... .

2. If he hadn’t been here earlier ... .
3. If she hadn’t learned English at school ... .
4. If it hadn’t rained yesterday ... .
5. If they hadn’t had practice in acting ... .
6. If we had bought a present ... .
7. If the scientist had learned about the experiment... .
8. If people had developed a healthier way of industry ... .

7. a) Read the text about environmental organizations and put 5 questions to each
item (A —D). Then act out dialogues in pairs.
 Nature Hates H ll Sudden Changes

E n v ir o n m e n ta l O rg a n iz a tio n s
A. An environmental organization is an organization that tries to protect, analyse or
monitor the environment against its misuse and pollution. The organization may be
a charity1, a trust2, a non-governmental organization or a government organization.
Environmental organizations can be global, national, regional or local. Some of
the environmental problems that are of interest to environmental organizations are
pollution, waste, natural resources and climate change. Green politics is a political
ideology which places high importance on environmental problems and Green parties
have developed environmental policy at a government level.

B. Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization

with offices in over 40 countries and with its head office in
Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was founded in Vancouver,
Canada in 1971. Greenpeace focuses its work on worldwide
problems such as global warming, deforestation, overfishing,
pollution, toxic waste.
G n e e w e A ce
C. The Green Party o f Russia has more than a 10-year-long
history. It was first organized as “ Kedr” ecological movement
of Russia in 1992 when a group of scientists and ecologists
decided to protect the environment and people from negative
aspects of civilization. Soon the movement got wide support
from the population in many regions of Russia. Today the
Green Party of Russia has its branches in 58 regions of the
country and with more than 12 thousand members.

D. Friends of the Earth was founded in 1969 in the United

States. David Brower, its leader, tried to challenge the
construction of nuclear power plants (атомная электростанция).
In 1971 it became an international network with a meeting of
representatives from the USA, Sweden, the UK and France.
Friends of the Earth puts environmental problems in their
social, political and human rights aspects. The priorities of
Friends of the Earth internationally are: deforestation, climate
changes and energy, protecting human and environmental
friends of
rights, protecting the planet’s disappearing biodiversity, the earth
Antarctica.
b) Answer the questions.
1. What interests environmental organizations?
2. Environmental organizations can be global, national, regional or local. How do the
activities of such organizations differ? Try to give examples.
3. What environmental organizations in Russia/your native place do you know? What is
their activity?
4. What environmental problems are important for your place?
5. How do you think you and your classmates can take part in the work of a local
environmental organization?

'a charity [’tfasrati] - благотворительная организация

2a trust - трастовая компания
8. Read the following statements and rate them according to their importance. Then
choose the three most important goals and explain your choice in the written form.

'— ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I believe that getting the official basis for environmental protection in Russia
is the most important goal because one man or one little group of people can’t
fight against the government and its policy — they will be sent to prison for
antigovernmental activity.

1. To get the official basis for environmental protection in Russia;

2. To provide good living for all Russian people, to have advanced health and social
systems;
3. To provide environmental studies and education;
4. To protect animals, birds, rare species;
5. To introduce energy saving and other high technologies in industry and agriculture;
6. To organize cooperation between state and public organizations in ecological projects,
public health and security1;
7. To introduce and develop innovative ideas for environmental well-being.

1. Listen to the text and answer the question “Do animals have rights?” W h at makes
you think so?

D o A n im a ls H a v e R ig h ts ?
Mohandas Gandhi, a famous Indian philosopher of the 20th century, said, “The greatness
of a society and its moral progress can be judged2 by the way it treats its animals.”
In the ancient world animals were treated differently. In
Egypt some species, especially cats, were like earthly gods.
The Old Testament3 book gives Adam more power than any
other creature - over the fish in the sea, and the birds in
the air, and over wild and domestic animals, and all over
the earth. This helps to explain why it was not until 1822
that the first animal protection law was adopted45, a bill to
7
6
protect horses and domestic animals passed by the British
Parliament.

1security [sikjuarati] - безопасность

2 to judge [флф] - судить, оценивать
3 the Old Testament ['testamantj - Ветхий Завет
4 to adopt ['adopt] a law [lo:j - принять закон
_____________________________________________ Nature Hates HU Sadden Changes

Two years later the Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty1 to Animals
was founded.
A new era of animal rights thinking began with Animal Liberation, a 1975
Animal
book by Austrian philosopher Peter Singer, who argues that people and Liberation
animals have an equal interest in avoiding pain. Others say that any right
goes together with a duty2, while animals can’t be expected to understand
their duties. W *'

2. Complete the sentences using Conditional II. PETER SINGE I

1. If I were a politician, I would ... .
2. If people thought more about animal feelings ... .
3. If the society took care about domestic animals and pets ... .
4. If animals didn’t feel pain ... .
5. If animals could speak ... .

3. Complete the sentences using Conditional III.

1. If Peter Singer hadn’t written the book about animal rights ... .
2. If the British Parliament hadn’t adopted a bill to protect domestic animals ... .
3. If people had thought about life of animals ... .
4. If there hadn’t been cats in Egypt ... .
5. If the English hadn’t loved horses so much ... .

4. Open the brackets using the correct tense forms.

1. Cruella (to eat) her fruit salad when Nanny Butler (to come) in and (to say) something
to Mrs Dearly. Mrs Dearly (to look) surprised and (to hurry) out of the room.
2. “Ladies and gentlemen,” (to say) Nanny, “puppies (to arrive) earlier than expected. Mr.
and Mrs. Dearly (to ask) you to remember that Missis (to be) never before a mother.
She (to need) absolute quiet.”
3. There (to be) silence at the table. Then the guests (to rise) and (to leave) the house.
All except Cruella de Vil. When she (to reach) the hall, she (to go) to Nanny who (to
say) goodbye to the guests.
4. Nanny (not to say) ... where the dog was but Cruella (to hear) voices upstairs and (to
run). This time she (to wear) a black satin dress with pearls and a white fur coat.
She (to keep) it round her all through the evening, although the room (to be) very
warm.

5. Read the dialogue and change it into Reported Speech. W h a t problem is discussed
here? W hat do you think about it?

Cruella opened the door and looked at three puppies.

“But they are mongrels3 - all white, no spots at all!” she cried.
“You must drown4 them at once.”
“Dalmatians are always born white,” said Mr Dearly, looking at
Cruella. "The spots come later.”
“And we wouldn’t drown them even if they were mongrels,” said
Mrs Dearly.

'cruelty ['kruralti] - жестокость

2rights and duties - права и обязанности
3a mongrel ['тлрдгэЦ - дворняжка
4to drown [draun| - топить

31
 “ It’s quite easy,” said Cruella. “ I have drowned dozens and dozens of my cat’s kittens.
She always chooses some outdoor cat for their father so they are never worth keeping.”
“Surely you leave her one kitten?” said Mrs Dearly.
“ If I had done that, I would be overrun with cats,” said Cruella. “Are you sure these
awful little rats are real Dalmatian puppies?”
“Quite sure,” answered Mr Dearly. "Now please go away. You are making Missis unhappy.”
And Missis felt unhappy. Even with the Dearlys there to protect her and her puppies,
she was a little afraid of this tall woman with black-and-white hair.

6. Read the advertisement and say

• what kind of information it gives to readers: informative, entertaining, positive,

negative, educative etc;
• why bears are kept in the farms;
• why the World Society for the Protection of Animals1 (WSPA) is asking for money;
• what you feel after you have read the advertisement;
• if you would like to help WSPA.

15 GBP3 Could Close It for Good

This bear is one of the thousands kept in China’s factory farms.

Every day he is “milked” of his bile through an open wound to
produce Chinese medicine.
To collect bile, the bear has to be cut with a knife twice a day.
Many bears have bile dropping from their wounds4 all the time.
I
And some of them live in such pain up to 10 years.
WSPA can only end this pain with your help. For just 15 GBP,
you can help continue our work against this practice and stop H is bile2 is milked
cruelty to animals around the world. through an open wound

7. W rite a personal letter to your friend about the advertisement above. Use the given
hints to write your letter:

• ask your friend what he thinks about the problem;

• how it can be solved;
• if he/she has ever come across such information before.

W rite 120—140 words.

1W orld Society for the Protection of An im als — Всемирное общество охраны

животных
2bile [bail] - ж е л ч ь
3GBP (от англ. Great Britain Pound) - фунт стерлингов, денежная единица
Соединённого Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
4wound [wu:nd] — колотая или резаная рана

32

■
 Nature Hates НИ Sudden Changes

8. Listen to the text “W hite Rats”. In what experiments are the white rats used by
scientists? Say what items of those listed below are mentioned in the text.

1) to test new food; 7) to test the level of noise pollution;

2) to test the influence of cigarettes; 8) to test new chemicals;
3) to test the influence of alcohol; 9) to test new medical operations;
4) to test the level of air pollution; 10) to test new medicine;
5) to test the level of water pollution; 11) to test reaction in space;
6) to test the level of land pollution; 12) to test the level of radiation.

9. Say if it is cruel to make scientific experiments on animals. Why? Give your

reasons.

nuiiiunui VI

A (k ) 1. No. 49

2. Ex. 5. 7 V 3. Ex. 7 -4

B son 591
4
3
2

1. Listen and practise reading the following words; guess their meaning.

a) Cargo, philosophical, cigarette, sarcasm, vivisection, humanised, physiology, chemical,

rhythm, modification, llamas, scalpel, artistic, stimulate, extreme limit, plasticity, negroid,
mentally;
b) convincing, creature, surgery, appeal, perhaps, justification, infliction, remorseless.

2. Let’s discuss the following.

1. Why do scientists use animals for their experiments?

2. What animals are usually used in experiments?
3. Is it possible not to make scientific experiments on animals?
4. Can such experiments help people survive? How?

33
 3. a) Read an episode from the book “The Island of Doctor Moreau” by Herbert Wells.
Say what kind of experiments the scientist had been making. Try to explain why
his story sounds horrible.

b) Listen to the text and read it out loud.

Docrtor M o r e a u E x p la in s
(A fter H erbert Wells)
“And now, Prendick, I will explain," said Doctor Moreau, so soon as we had eaten and
drunk. He sat, lit a cigarette and looked through the little window out at the night sky. I
sat as far away from him as possible, the table between us and the revolvers at hand.
His story was simple and convincing1 Now and then there was some sarcasm in his
voice. The creatures I had seen were not men, had never been men. They were animals
- humanised animals - the result of vivisection2.
“I’m puzzled why the things I have done here have not been done before. I have no
doubt you have heard of these things?” said Moreau. “Surgery3 can do better things than
that. It’s not simply the form of an animal I can change. The physiology, the chemical
rhythm of the creature may also be made to undergo modification.”
“ But,” said I, “these things - these animals talk!” He laughed back, “A pig may be
educated.” I asked him why he had taken the human form as a model. “It’s just by
chance. I might have worked to form sheep into llamas4, and llamas into sheep. I suppose
there is something in the human form that appeals to the artistic turn of mind more
powerfully than any animal shape can,” explained Moreau. He was silent, for a minute
perhaps. “These years! How they have passed by! And here I have wasted a day saving
your life, and am wasting an hour explaining myself!"
“But,” said I, “ I still do not understand. Where is your justification for inflicting all this
pain?”5

1convincing [kan'vinsioj - убедительный

2vivisection [.vivi'sekjh] - вивисекция, живосечение
3 surgery ['s3:cfe3rij - хирургия
4 llam a ['1а:тэ] - лам а
5W h ere is your ju stification [.cfeAstifi'keiJn] fo r in flic tin g all this pain?” - Где ваше
оправдание причинения боли?

34
 Nature Hates rill Sudden Changes

“It is just this question of pain that parts us. What is pain?” He drew a little penknife,
as he spoke, from his pocket, opened it and, then, he drove the penknife into his leg.
“No doubt you have seen that before. It doesn’t hurt. But what does it show? Pain is
our medical adviser to warn us and stimulate us1. All living flesh2 is not painful, nor is all
nerve. Plants do not feel pain; the lower animals - it’s possible that such animals as the
starfish do not feel pain.... You see, I went on with my research just the way it led me.
I wanted to find out the extreme limit of plasticity in a living shape3. The study of Nature
makes a man at last as remorseless4 as Nature."
Doctor Moreau kept silent for some time and then went on. “ It is nearly eleven years
since we came here, I and Montgomery and six Kanakas. I remember the green stillness of
the island and the empty ocean around us as though it was yesterday. The place seemed
to be waiting for me. I went to work here upon what I had brought with me. I began with
a sheep, and killed it after a day and a half by a slip of the scalpel; I took another sheep
and made a thing of pain and fear. And left it. Sheep were no good for man-making.
“Then I took a gorilla I had, and upon that, working with care, I made my first man. All
the week, night and day, I was making it. It was mostly the brain5 that needed changing.
It was a negroid type® when I had done him. I spent many days educating him. I taught
him some English, gave him ideas of counting, even made him read the alphabet. But he
was slow - though I’ve met with slower idiots. He began with a clean sheet, mentally;
had no memories left in his mind of what he had been.”

4. Put the sentences in the correct order.

1. Doctor Moreau and his people arrived at the island eleven years ago.
2. Doctor Moreau started his experiments with sheep; he wanted to humanise them.
3. The first man made by the doctor was of a negroid type.
4. Moreau was sure that lower animals did not feel pain.
5. While doctor Moreau was telling his story, his voice sounded with sarcasm.
6. It took the doctor a long time to teach the newly made man to understand simple

believe that animals could talk,

ising the correct tense.

The Island of Doctor Moreau is a science fiction novel written

by Herbert Wells in 1896. It (1) (to tell) from the point of view
of a man named Edward Prendick who (2) (to shipwreck), and
(3) (to save) by a passing boat, and then (4) (to leave) at
the ship’s destination by the crew along with the ship’s cargo
of exotic animals. The island (5) (to be) home to a scientist
named Doctor Moreau, who (6) (to do) cruel experiments on the
animals, he (7) (to import), trying to create human beings out
of animals. The novel (8) (to deal) with numerous philosophical
themes, including the need to take responsibility for the things
we create, the question of what (9) (to make) a man a man, the cruelty of nature and of
man, and the dangers of trying to control nature.

‘ Pain is our medical adviser to warn us and stim ulate us. - Б оль — это наш
медицинский советчик, который предупреждает нас и стимулирует нас.
2living flesh - живая плоть
3to find out the extreme lim it o f plasticity [plae'stissti] in a liv in g shape — найти
крайний предел пластичности живой формы
‘ remorseless [ri'mo:sbs] - жестокий, беспощадный
5brain - мозг
6a negroid [’ni:groid] type - представитель негроидной расы

35
1. If Edward Prendick (to shipwreck), he (to see) exotic animals on board the ship.
2. If Edward Prendick (to save) by the ship, he (to meet) Doctor Moreau.
3. If Edward Prendick (to arrive) at the island, he (to learn) about vivisection.
4. If people (to try) to control nature, they (to suffer) from sudden changes.
5. If people (to take) responsibility for things they had created, there (to happen) so many
environmental problems.

7. Have you read any books by Russian authors dealing with the problem of
vivisection? Find the book “The Heart of a Dog” at public-library.narod.ru/Mikhail
Bulgakov and read Chapter One of the book.

8. Agree or disagree with the following statements. W rite down your ideas into the
exercise book.

1. Science can’t develop if scientists don’t do their research on animals.

2. The experiments on animals have saved millions of human lives.
3. Animals don’t feel pain.
4. It is better to have experiments on animals than on people.
5. If people care about animals and their rights, it’s better to protect their habitats and
not to use their fur for coats.

n U I I I U n U I r\
J,
(D 1. No. 52

2. Ex. 7, 8 ^ 3. Ex. 1-4

7
 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes
-

1. Discuss Chapter One from “The Heart of a Dog” by Mikhail Bulgakov,

a) Use exercise 5 on page 35 as an example and speak about the book.

Mikhail Bulgakov, a famous Russian writer;

"The Heart of a Dog”, a science fiction novel, 1925;
Professor Preobrazhensky, famous for his experiments on animals;
stray1 dog Sharik, found by Professor at the doorway;
Sharik, operated on, turned into a human - Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov;
Sharikov, taught some etiquette2 by professor, no result;
Sharikov, hates cats, hunts cats, turns professor’s life into hell;
Professor makes one more operation, turns Sharikov back into Sharik;
common ideas with “ Doctor Faustus”, “ Frankenstein”, “The Island of Doctor Moreau”;
concentrates on philosophical and ethical issues, research and responsibility3 for
discoveries and innovations;
firstly published in English, 1968;
firstly published in Russian, 1987.

*b) Choose the correct item according to chapter one.

1 What happened to the dog?

a) It was kicked by the cook.
b) It was hungry.
c) It was hurt with hot water.
2 Why did the dog feel that it was dying?
a) The dog didn’t have grass to cure itself.
b) It didn’t have any food to keep alive.
c) It was very cold outdoors.
3 Why was the dog lying at the doorway?
a) It wanted to be fed.
b) It pressed the scalded side to the cold wall.
c) It was not so cold at the doorway.
4 What did the dog think about cooks?
a) All cooks were greedy.
b) Not all cooks were as bad.
c) All cooks were human rubbish.
5 What did the dog think about people?
a) There were three types of people: comrades, citizens and gentlemen.
b) Only gentlemen wore overcoats.
c) People’s eyes could tell much.

1stray [strei] — уличный

2etiquette [’etiket] - этикет
3responsibility [ri'spnnsa'bibti] - ответственность
 QDmflG
[ _

H 6 What did the dog think about Philip Philipovich?

a) Не was clever.
b) He was an unpleasant gentleman.
c) He wasn’t afraid of anyone.
7 What made the dog follow Philip Philipovich?
a) The man gave the dog some sausage.
b) The man called the dog to follow him.
c) The man understood that it was a stray dog.
8 Why did the man call the dog with him?
a) The man was looking for some stray dog.
b) The man felt pity for the dog.
c) The man saw that the dog was sick.
9 Why didn’t the dog like the name of Sharik?
a) It was a stupid name.
b) Sharik must be well fed and fat.
c) He was sick and hungry.

2. Study the titles of advertisements below and say what attractions await tourists in
Florida. Match the points of the advertisement with the pictures given below.
 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes

3. Read the text about Florida. Choose the best headings from the list for each part
of the text. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.

1. Wilderness Is Attractive for Eco-tourists.

2. Nature and Weather Welcome Tourists in Florida.
3. Florida Is a Habitat of Species.
4. It takes Time to Explore the Beauty of the State.
5. Natural World of Florida Is under Protection.

ITLANTIC
A. Florida has always been popular with holidaymakers * " " r „ '
OCEAN

in the world. Sun, sea, sand and nice weather

make it one of the most visited places on the FLORIDA .СПпд,

planet. At least six million people camp in Florida

each year. More than 11,000 miles of rivers and
waterways, fresh water lakes and national parks G u lf o f M e xico
attract tourists. 1,200 miles of sand beaches are
washed by tropical and subtropical waters. No city
in Florida is more than 75 miles away from either
the Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico.

B. Yet, it is not only Orlando city that attracts more visitors than any other
amusement park in the United States. Eco-tourists come to Florida for hiking
and biking, birdwatching and wildlife viewing, boat tours. The river Everglades,
or "the river of grass”, is the habitat to 300 species of birds, 25 kinds of
orchids and 36 endangered animal species such as the American alligator
and the Florida panther. Florida’s ecosystem is famous for its bird population,
and being home to alligators, snakes and
marsh rabbits. Eco-tourists interested in the
rescue and protection of sea animals can
visit the Turtle Hospital and the Dolphin
Research Center in the city of Marathon.
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
protects more than 55 types of coral and
more than 600 species of fish.

C. Hiking in Florida is unlike in other parts of the country. There are no

mountains in the state, but it doesn’t mean hiking isn’t a challenge. Hikers
must be prepared for all sorts of weather from rain to freezing and all
kinds of environmental habitat. The Florida Trail is longer than 1,400 miles
running between Miami and Naples to the soft white sands of the beach.
It connects wilderness areas and public lands. There are also nearly 150
shorter trails for day hikers not far from cities.

D. Becoming one with nature and taking in the beauty of the outdoors is
easy in the Sunshine State, as Florida is often called. Many national
parks of the state welcome tourists with primitive camping, no electricity
and adventures of the wilderness.

39
 1. 13 new national parks (to open) in Russia by 2020.
2. Specially protected natural zones (to plan) to save wildlife.
3. New sanctuaries (to organize) on the Russian Kuril Islands in the Pacific Ocean and in
the Russian Murmansk region in the future.
4. Protected sea zones (to create) within the area of over one million hectares last year.
5. The creation of the Moscow National Park (to discuss) in 1909.
6. Russian wilderness (to protect) in numerous zapovedniks.

5. W ork in groups. Discuss the questions. W h at regions of Russia are famous

for their natural beauty? W here are the national parks open? W hy are national
and natural parks, botanical gardens, reserves and sanctuaries important for the
country?

v"* 6. Listen to the text about K arelia twice and fill in the blanks. You will need these
words to understand the text:

p r o fita b le ['profitobl] - в ы год н ы й (эк он ом и ч ески )

a m a m m a l ['maeml] - м лек оп и та ю щ ее

Karelia region needs both (1) ... and tourist (2) ... . Nowadays there
are about (3) ... . protected territories in this republic. The first
reserve Kivach was founded in (4) ... . It is famous for its 2 0 0 -
250 (5) — ... pine trees. The Kivach reserve is the (6) ... to over
600 species of plants, 202 species of (7) ... and 48 species of
(8) ... . The (9) ... of ecotourism will help this region economically.

7 * . Complete the text with the correct words on page 41.

When you (1) ... Moscow in your mind, you probably see Red Square, with St Basil’s
Cathedral, the Kremlin towers, while a 200-year-old (2) ... is probably the last thing that
comes to mind. Yet, within the city limits of Moscow you can find a (3) ... national park
that covers 118 square kilometres (46 square miles). Losiny Ostrov, or Moose Island, is
sometimes called the (4) ... of Moscow. Even on a hot summer day, all it takes is a short
walk into the woods to find fresh, cool air and (5) ... from the city noise. People living in
this district tell of losi (the Russian equivalent of moose that gave the park its name)
wandering out onto the city streets. (6) ... under the tsars as a hunting ground, the land
became Russia's first national park in 1983, as a site for (7) ... , education and research
and a (8) ... for many locally rare species. This treasure is but one of the 32 national
parks in Russia, which are organized to protect everything from an (9) ... monastery town
and its surrounding woods and lakes to the shores and waters of the magnificent Lake
Baikal. The parks are the younger cousins of the 93 famous Zapovedniks, which have
mostly been kept off-lim its to all but a few scientists in order to protect (10) ... species
and keep whole ecosystems intact.
 Nature Hates /III Sudden Changes
-

1. a) imagine b) picture c) draw d) think

2. a) wood b) park c) forest d) wildland
3. a) unique b) beautiful c) thick d) ancient
4. a) heart b) recreation c) wonder d) lungs
5. a) distance b) escape c) walk d) isolation
6. a) protected b) defended c) guided d) kept
7. a) resort b) holiday c) recreation d) rest
8. a) park b) sanctuary c) zoo d) rainforest
9. a) old b) historical c) ancient d) wonderful
10. a) extinct b) rare c) wild d) endangered

8. a) Read the letter. Say where George lives and where he spent his winter holidays.

Dear Mike,
I am glad to receive your letter again. You
wrote about Russian winter joy: skiing, skating,
sledging. Frankly speaking, I have no idea of
real snow. I t never snows in my country! But we
also had much fun during our Christmas holidays.
My schoolmates and I travelled to Yellowstone
National Park! I think it's a journey of my life.
We enjoyed hiking, camping, boating, fishing,
sightseeing... You know, Yellowstone became a
national park in 1872 fo r its unique beauty
and wildlife. There are many mountain lakes, canyons, rivers and
mountain ranges in the park. We also had an opportunity to watch
different species of mammals, birds and reptiles. By the way, I
took many photos of endangered animals in their natural habitat.
Now I am thinking of taking part in one of the contests about
wildlife held by the National Geographic Magazine.
What about Russia, have you got any national
parks in your country? What are they famous
for? How are endangered animals protected in
Russia?
I am looking forward to hearing from you as
soon as possible.
Best wishes,
George

b) Write an answer to the letter from exercise 8a.

Homework
(J ) 1. Ex. 8b 2. Ex. 1 -4

3. Project Work: "The Place of Great Natural Beauty

in Russia".
J

41
1. a) Listen to the poem and say how the author feels about life in the city and in
the country. Read the poem out loud.

T h e C ity , th e C o u n tr y
In the city where the colours run dry,
Or in the country where farmers grow rye1.
In the city where there are fees2,
Or in the country where beauty is free.
In the city where there are loud crowds,
Or in the country where you can watch clouds.
In the city where there are polluting cars,
Or in the country where you can see stars.
In the city where you seal the deal3,
Or in the country where you can heal4.
In the city where space is tight,
Or in the country where you hold the hand in the moonlight. к-
Anonym ous

b) Use the example below and compare the city and the country.

'— .......
The author says that the colours in the city run dry. To my mind, the grey colour
of city buildings and streets is compared to the bright colours of nature - yellow
rye fields, here or maybe, green forests and fields.
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Work in groups of three. Using the words in the box on page 43, fill in the
chart with advantages and disadvantages of city/country life. Then rate them
according to their importance. Exchange your results with your classmates’.

City Life C ountry Life

advantages disadvantages advantages disadvantages

1rye [rai] - рожь

2fee — плата
3seal the deal - подписать сделку
4heal — исцелиться (зд.)
 Nature Hates rill Sudden Changes

f-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
busy life ■ loneliness ■ polluted/fresh air ■ piles of rubbish ■ stone
jungles ■ nice view ■ shopping ■ sports 'facilities ■ cultural centres
■ noise ■ traffic jams ■ natural/man made environment ■ wildlife
■ all modern conveniences (gas, electricity, hot and cold running water
etc.) ■ employment/ unemployment ■ healthy/unhealthy environment
■ entertainment ■ high/low prices

_______________________________________________________________________________J

3. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the words.

a slum [skm] n\ a poor area in a town/city where the houses are in a very bad condition:
slum clearance, slum landlord. There are no slums left in the centre o f St Petersburg. If
you happened to travel to Asia, you could see slums and piles o f rubbish not far from
fashionable hotels. In London Oliver Twist lived in the slums.
a suburb ['sAb3:b] n: an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where
there are many houses, usually for middle-class people: bedroom suburb; garden suburb;
in the suburbs; live in the suburbs; fashionable suburbs. Nowadays all big cities o f Great
Britain are surrounded by suburbs. W ell-to-do Englishmen move to suburbs when they
marry. It takes you only 30 minutes to get from the suburb to the city centre by train.
a crowd [kraud] n\ a large number of people at the same place: a crowd o f football
fans; a crowd of 200; to follow the crowd; go with the crowd; to stand out in the crowd;
the wrong crowd; The boys disappeared in the crowd. You can see crowds o f people here
on Sundays. Crowds of dirty and hungry children were playing near the slums.
employment [im'pbimont] n\ work that you are regularly paid to do for a person or
company: to find employment; to provide employment; out o f employment; employment
with a local company. Have you found any employment? The development o f suburbs gave
employment to thousands of poor people.
convenience [kan'vm ions] n: a condition that makes it easier to do something and
helps you to avoid wasting time or effort: at your convenience; modern conveniences. You
can enjoy all modem conveniences in suburbs. There are such modern conveniences as
telephone, cold and hot running water, electricity, television, the Internet and others.
entertainment [.enta'teinm ont] n: performances that people enjoy: to provide entertainment;
to everyone’s entertainment. Cinema, theatre, disco party, concerts are ju st a few from a
long list of entertainment. You can enjoy different kinds o f entertainment at our leisure
centre. In cities you have both employment and entertainment.

4. Match some problems of cities with their effects.

1) traffic jams a) poor health

2) slums b) very slow traffic
3) overcrowding c) poor living conditions
4) pollution d) housing in a bad condition

5. a) Listen and practise reading the following words.

industry, crystal, triumph, progressive, produce, steam engines, cloths, carriage,

pottery

43
 b) Choose the word which has a general meaning for all the words in a line.
1. Crystal, metal, glass, material, woolen, wooden, iron, cotton.
2. Wood, coal, iron, water, resource, oil, gas.
3. Machines, engines, heavy industry, iron ships.
4. Railway, steam engines, carriages, transport.
5. Pottery, furniture, clocks, goods, cloths.
c) Match the synonyms.
triumph exhibit
modern engineering
represent greatness
engines progressive

6. a) Listen to the text and say

• when and why suburbs appear;

• what role the Great Exhibition in London played in the development of suburbs;
• how city and town life of that time is characterized.
b) Read the text out loud.

S u b u r b s in E n gla n d
In 1851 Queen Victoria opened the Great Exhibition of the
Industries of All Nations inside the Crystal Palace in London. Nothing
like that had ever been seen before. It was the triumph of the
British engineering. The Crystal Palace represented everything that
was modern and progressive. The exhibition showed the world the
greatness of the British industry. No other nation could produce as
much at that time. Britain became powerful because it had enough
natural resources for the development. Britain began to produce
such new heavy industry goods as iron ships and steam engines.
It also produced traditional goods like woolen and cotton cloths.
The best example of Britain’s industrial power in the nineteenth
century was its railway system. Thanks to this new form of transport six million people
visited the GreatExhibition. People from all over England arrived to see the exhibition.
Visitors couldcome in for only a shilling. Many of them had never visited London before.
They were shown the best goods from all over the world - India, Australia, New Zealand
and Canada, the USA and France, Russia and Turkey, South Africa and China. Great Britain
was proud to exhibit carriages and engines, clocks, furniture, cloths and pottery.
By 1840 railway had connected London with almost all
big towns of the country. It took only one night to transport
fresh fish or raspberries from Scotland to London. The middle
class Londoners soon took the advantage of the railway
and moved to suburbs. Suburbs were a copy of the country
village with all the advantages of the town. In 1850-1880
London became surrounded by suburbs.
The escape of the middle class to the suburbs is easily
understood. The cities and towns of that time were an
unhealthy and overcrowded place to live. Slums, dirty water,
diseases, polluted air, piles of rubbish, noise were illustrations
of city life.

44
 Nature Hates HU Sadden Changes

7. Match the following words with their characteristics:

heavy, traditional, progressive, modern, engineering, powerful; exhibition

triumph, greatness, development, power; industry
slums, diseases, rubbish, noise. city

%. \nswer the questions using information from the text “Suburbs in England” .

1. Why did the Great London Exhibition attract many visitors?

2. How could people from different parts of the country reach London?
3. What advantage did people get with the development of the railway system?
4. What is a suburb?
5. What families moved from the city to the suburbs?
6. Why do many English families prefer living in the suburbs rather than in a city/town?

9. Make up sentences with the following pairs of words and write them down into
your exercise book.

■ slum — suburb
As a rule, there are no slums in suburbs because only w e a lth y /w e ll-to -d o fam ilies
live in suburbs.

1) slum - suburb 4) suburb —employment

2) crowd — suburb 5) suburb — conveniences
3) crowd — slum 6) suburb —entertainment

' Useful Language

A a slum, a suburb, a crowd, employment, convenience,
entertainment
-

0 1. No. 56

2. Ex. 1, 3, 9 ^ 3. Ex. 1-4

J

esson 62

1> Read the following definitions and guess the words.

• a condition that makes it easier to do something and helps you avoid wasting time
or effort
• work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or a company
• a poor area in a town/city where the houses are in a very bad condition
• performances that people enjoy
• a large number of people at the same place
• an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where there are many
houses, usually for middle-class people

45
2. a) Listen to the text and say if the author has a positive or a negative attitude to
city life.

The city is terrible and the city is beautiful. To understand what the city means you
must think hard. For strangers, it is either a stone jungle or a human zoo. For those
who live there, it is a habitat. The city has laws which are alternative to nature. The
city attracts with numerous possibilities1: employment, career, independence, education,
entertainment, conveniences... While the countryside looks slow, relaxing, out-of-date, the
city is busy and dangerous. The city makes
your body and mind move quickly to survive.
In the country your life follows only the call
of nature. If you are sociable, easy going and
ambitious, the city is for you. If you are afraid
of crowds, then city life is not your cup of tea.
We can compare the city with a garden where
not only unique plants but different characters
are collected. Thus, to be intolerant means to
be unsuitable for cities. And yet, I feel that the
city is my home, which gives me pleasure and
happiness, for I want to enjoy its bright colours
and historical sights, its libraries and theatres.
And I value its busy mad life.

b) Read the text above and write down in your exercise books adjectives and nouns
which help describe:
• city
• countryside
• city residents
• country residents

3. Match the antonyms:

1) mad a) safe
2) slow b) intolerant
3) relaxing c) unsociable
4) out-of-date d) quick
5) sociable e) terrible
6) tolerant f) reasonable
7) dangerous g) fashionable
8) beautiful h) busy

4. Make three statements about city/country lifestyles using the words from Exercise 3.
Follow the example.

'— ------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is im portant to be tolerant in cities because people of different cultures and

religions live in the sam e place. It will help avoid many troubles.

____________________________________________________________ 4

1possibilities [.poss'bibtiz] - возможности

 Nature Hates HU Sudden Changes

5. Look at the pictures and write down how you feel about these places.

• The old town centre

• The countryside

a four-lane highway - автобан

chewing gum - жвачка
a glob - комок жвачки
to flatten ['flaetn] onto the surface - втоптать в поверхность

Is This Civilization?
1. Civilization is a nice four-lane highway, gas .......... stands and ... boards.
2. Railroads and fast-food cafes are called human ... .
3 ..........Burger Kings, Mega malls, ... , ............. are landmarks of civilization.
4. Much money is spent to clean up ... .
5. People throw chewing gum on ... and its ... are seen everywhere.

7. Can you name the largest cities in Russia/in the world? Do you know how big their
population is? Make a list of five biggest cities in Russia/ in the world. Compare
your list with Chart 1 and Chart 2 on page 48. W h at information gives you a
surprise? Use the given constructions to express your surprise.I

I have never thought t h a t ...

It has never come into my mind t h a t ...
I have never expected that ...
W hat surprises m e is t h a t ...
Chart 1
Top Ten Cities of Russia (2011)

# City Population
1 Moscow 13,750,000
2 Saint Petersburg 4,039,745
3 Novosibirsk 1,419,007
4 Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) 1,287,573
5 Nizhny Novgorod 1,284,164
6 Samara 1,134,730
7 Omsk 1,129,281
8 Kazan 1,104,738
9 Rostov-na-Donu 1,074,482
10 Chelyabinsk 1,062,919

Chart 2
Top Cities of the World (2011)

# City Population Country

1 Tokyo 34,100,000 Japan
2 Mexico City 22,650,000 Mexico
3 Seoul 22,250,000 South Korea
4 New York 21,850,000 United States
5 San Paolo 20,200,000 Brazil
6 Mumbai 19,700,000 India
7 Delhi 19,500,000 India
8 Los Angeles 17,950,000 United States
9 Shanghai 17,900,000 China
10 Jakarta 17,150,000 Indonesia
11 Osaka 16,800,000 Japan
12 Ко 1kata 15,550,000 India
13 Cairo 15,450,000 Egypt
14 Manila 14,850,000 Philippines
15 Karachi 14,100,000 Pakistan
16 Moscow 13,750,000 Russia
17 Buenos Aires 13,400,000 Argentina
18 Dhaka 13,100,000 Bangladesh
Г # C ity P opulation
Nature Hates HI1 Sudden Changes

C ountry
19 Rio de Janeiro 12,100,000 Brazil
20 London 11,950,000 United Kingdom

8. Compare Chart 2 and Chart 3. W here are the most populated countries situated?
W hat climate do they have? Are these countries industrial or agricultural? Are
they rich in natural resources? Do they have a high/middle/low level of life? How
is their population expected to change by 2050?

Chart 3

TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST POPULATION

2000 2011 2050

Country
Population Population Expected Pop.

China 1,268,853,362 1 ,3 3 6 ,7 1 8 ,0 1 5 1,303,723,332

India 1,004,124,224 1 ,1 8 9 ,1 7 2 ,9 0 6 1,656,553,632

United States 282,338,631 3 1 3 ,2 3 2 ,0 4 4 439,010,253

Indonesia 213,829,469 2 4 5 ,6 1 3 ,0 4 3 313,020,847

Brazil 176,319,621 2 0 3 ,4 2 9 ,7 7 3 260,692,493

Pakistan 146,404,914 1 8 7 ,3 4 2 ,7 2 1 276,428,758

Bangladesh 130,406,594 1 5 8 ,5 7 0 ,5 3 5 233,587,279

Nigeria 123,178,818 1 5 5 ,2 1 5 ,5 7 3 264,262,405

Russia 146,709,971 1 3 8 ,7 3 9 ,8 9 2 109,187,353

Japan 126,729,223 1 2 6 ,4 7 5 ,6 6 4 93,673,826

TOP TEN Countries 3 ,6 1 8 ,8 9 4 ,8 2 7 4 ,0 5 4 ,5 1 0 ,1 6 6 4 ,9 5 0 ,1 4 0 ,1 7 8

Rest of the World 2,466,012,769 2 ,8 7 5 ,5 4 4 ,9 8 8 4,306,202,522

TOTAL 6 ,0 8 4 ,9 0 7 ,5 9 6 6 ,9 3 0 ,0 5 5 ,1 5 4 9 ,2 5 6 ,3 4 2 ,7 0 0

9*. Brainstorm. Work in groups of 3 - 4 people. Choose any country/continent and

make a list of 5—10 global problems which they are likely to face in the nearest
future. Exchange your ideas with other groups.
Lesson 63 Project W ork
Lesson 64 Test 4

49
NATIONAL EXAM TRAINING
Lesson 65
P art 1. Listening
T a s k 1_______________________________________________________________________________________
Вы услышите 5 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями
каждого говорящего 1—5 и утверждениями, данными в списке A —F. Используйте
каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз.
В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите
свои ответы в таблицу.

A Genetically modified products can help feed the planet.

В The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous.
C The effects of genetic engineering on our health are unknown.
D The customers should be informedwhich products are genetically engineered.
E The public has the right to know the facts about genetic engineering technology.
F Scientists should stop experiments in this field.

Говорящ ий 1 2 3 4 5

У тверж д ение

T a s k 2_______________________________________________________________________________________
Вы услышите разговор двух людей. В заданиях А1—А6 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

А1 1 2 3
A2 1 2 3
АЗ 1 2 3
А4 1 2 3
А5 1 2 3
А6 1 2 3

А1 Doctor Gaaz used to be a successful and prosperous man.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 Doctor Gaaz devoted his life to solving social problems.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3 The doctor invested his own money to improve the conditions in the Butyrskaya prison.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4 The doctor founded a hospital for the homeless and the sick.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5 The doctor became poor by the end of his life.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 There are always fresh flowers on his monument in the hospital yard.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
z
____________________
Part 2. Reading
National Exam Training

T e x t 1 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Прочитайте текст. Установите соответствие между заголовками A —F и пронумеро­
ванными абзацами текста 1—5. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую
букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

A. Good Business D. Teddy Bears

B. Pages of History E. Practical Activity
C. The Land of Great Species Variety F. The Most Charming Species

1. Australia is a unique country that occupies a whole continent; and a third of this
continent is under deserts. The eucalyptus is certainly the king of trees there - or
rather, with its 500 species. A small wonder! The local mimosa, for instance, is
represented by as many as 600 species. You want lizards? Here they are, 450 species!
Snakes? 160 species will be more than enough! Freshwater turtles are found in 15
varieties, and there are 6 species of sea turtles. Add to this two crocodile species.
It is much more complex with the birds: 330 local species and 470 migrant ones.

2. As for the animal kingdom, the kangaroo is known far and wide, of course. Yet the
most famous - the pet of all of mankind, we might say - is the koala, a tree-dwelling
animal that resembles a small bear. A female koala carries her cub in a pouch. This
tiny creature holds tight onto the mother’s neck dripping the juice of eucalyptus leaves.
A sight like that will make even a heart of stone melt!

3. However, the koala population, that used to run into millions, has now dropped off
to 400,000 only. Something that has made the Australians anxious. They flew off into
forests to gather eucalyptus leaves - no, not to feed the "teddy bears” with. Dried up
and smoothed, each leaf was fitted into a brooch bearing the inscription, “ I have saved
the koala!”

4. Sold for a dollar a piece in Australia, Japan and the United States, these items brought
in 4 million. This money was used to finance environmental studies and to protect the
habitat of this animal living on eucalyptus leaves.

5. The Europeans discovered Australia only in 1770. That year Captain Cook landed on
the eastern coast - just where the koalas happen to live. James Cook described it as
the “Great South Land”, or Terra Australis in Latin. That is where the name Australia
comes from. In 1879 the first on the continent and one of the first in the world the
Royal National Park was founded there. It was densely populated by the koalas.
T ext 2
Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1—А6
соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о
чем в тексте не сказано, то есть, на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного,
ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated).

Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey is one of the most beloved family films. It is a
1993 American remake of the 1963 film which was based on the best selling novel The
Incredible Journey by Sheila Burnford.
The story tells the audience about the adventures of three pets - Chance, an American
bulldog, Shadow, an older golden retriever, and Sassy, a Himalayan cat. The family where
the animals live, goes on a trip to San Francisco. Three pets are left at a ranch
belonging to Kate, a family friend.
However, the animals think they have been abandoned, and Shadow begins to worry
about the family, so he decides to go and find them. Sassy and Chance follow him.
They head for the rocky mountainous wilderness, with Shadow leading by instinct. After a
night spent in fear of the woodland noise, the group stops to catch breakfast at a river.
Two bear cubs steal Chance’s fish, and the group quickly runs from their angry mother.
At another river, Sassy refuses to swim across to follow the dogs, running along the river
until she reaches a path of wood that seems to cross its breadth. Halfway across, it
breaks apart and she falls in. Shadow jumps in to try to save her, but she goes over
a waterfall. Shadow and Chance search for her along the bank, but as night falls, they
mourn their loss and continue without her.
A half-drowned Sassy is rescued from the river by a man who lives in the woods.
He nurses the cat back to health. Without Sassy, the dogs struggle to catch fish from
the river. A mountain lion begins hunting them. Chance spots the mountain lion while
he’s fishing. He tells Shadow, but Shadow doesn’t believe him until he sees it himself.
The mountain lion follows them to the edge of a cliff. Chance tells Shadow where he
has buried everything at home. When Chance mentions that the remote control is buried
under the seesaw, Shadow sees a rock shaped like a seesaw, which gives him an idea.
Shadow comes up with a plan to defeat the mountain lion. While Shadow acts as the
bait, Chance waits until the mountain lion steps onto the end touching the ground, and
jumps on the other end, sending the mountain lion flying over the cliff and into the river.
The Mountain Lion retreats, filled with humiliation and irritation at its defeat. Sassy hears
them barking in celebration and follows the sound to rejoin them.

Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey is a book written by a Canadian writer

A1
Sheila Burnford.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 The film tells us about the adventures of two dogs and one cat.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3 The pets try to steal breakfast from bear cubs.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4 Sassy falls into the waterfall.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5 The dogs can’t catch fish from the river.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated _
A6 Sassy finds the dogs when they begin to bark at the mountain lion.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
 National Exam Training

A1 1 2 3
A2 1 2 3
A3 1 2 3
A4 1 2 3
A5 1 2 3
A6 1 2 3

Lesson 66
Part 3. The Use of English
1. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные
заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

The dragon is a reptilian (1) ... so Mesozoic that the human CREATE
(2) ... needed 70 million years to give it form. IMAGINE
Dragons are (3) ... symbols of luck in the Far East and symbols of GENERAL
evil in the West.
In myths and legends, the dragons and serpents, or snakes, were
often synonymous.
In many tales dragons are (4) ... and are linked with the underworld GUARD
and with oracular (5) ... . KNOW
The dragon of medieval imagination combines air, fire, water and
earth (6) ... . SYMBOL
It is often shown as a fire-breathing creature with eagle legs, bat
wings and a snake-like tail.

2. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст с пропусками. В номерах 1—10 пред­

ставлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами ответа.

Nowadays the attitude toward the cultural and historical heritage is (1) ... , getting a
greater (2) ... in the eyes of the people. Not long ago people were (3) ... with museum
rooms, photographs, imitations of (4) ... objects. Notices nearby usually said, “Don’t (5) ... ".
Today visitors are more and more often offered real, (6) ... machines by others. The more
(7) . a country, the faster this process. As a result, many people came to realize a
simple fact: even a (8) ... technological past may soon (9) ... .
1. a) moving b) changing c) varying d) working
2. a) price b) value c) cost d) idea
3. a) content b) please c) enough d) ready
4. a) ancient b) old c) priceless d) expensive
5. a) play b) move c) take d) touch
6. a) virtual b) hands out c) hands on d) functional
7. a) progress b) developing c) speed d) race
8. a) richer b) industrial c) developed d) cultural
9. a) late b) last c) new d) recent
10. a) disappear b) appear c) run away d) come back

53
 3. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова в скобках так, чтобы
они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами.

We (1) (to welcome) by a girl wearing a 19th-century dress and a bonnet, its ribbons
(2) (to tie) under her chin. In the past century, girls like this (3) (to work) here at the
textile factories. You realize, of course, that you (4) (to talk) to a national park ranger,
and that all this is only make-believe, but you (5) (to join) the game, (6) (to look) at the
bright eyes under the bonnet and (7) (to listen) to every word. “ I (8) (to be) Sara Page,”
the girl (9) (to say), “I (10) (to be) born here in 1803 on a farm. My father (11) (to want)
to give my brother an education, so I (12) (to have) to go to work at the factory. I (13)
(to live) in a hostel, on Sundays I (14) (to go) to church, just like my employers (15) (to
promise) my father...”

Part 4. W riting
(Cl)
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking friend, Ben.

... I want to be a scientist and would like to discover a new

medicine to cure cancer. That is why I am interested in Ecology,
Biology, Chemistry and other Science subjects. What school subjects
interest you? Have you already chosen an occupation fo r your
future? Which subjects will you need fo r your exams and why? ...

W rite him a letter and answer his 3 questions.

W rite 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Lesson 67
P art 5. Speaking
На карточке представлены два задания для устного ответа: С2 — тематическое
монологическое высказывание; СЗ — диалог.

T ask 1 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(С 2 ) S tu d e n t C ard

Give a talk about the place where you live. Remember to say
• what kind of place it is (a city/town/village) and what it looks like;
• what it’s famous for;
• what places you would like to show to your guests, why.
You have to talk for 1.5—2 minutes. The teacher w ill listen until you have finished.
Then she/he w ill ask you some questions.

54
 National Exam Training

Task 2 ___________________________________________________________________________

(C 3 ) S t u d e n t C ard (2 -3 m in u te s)
You and your friend are discussing the environmental situation in your city/town.
Discuss the following environmental problems and choose the one you both find to be
the most serious.
• air pollution;
• deforestation;
• rubbish;
• noise.
You begin the conversation. The teacher w ill play the part of your friend. Remember to:
• be active and polite;
• find out the attitude of your friend and take it into account;
• discuss all the options;
• give good reasons.

Lessons 68, 69 Hom e R e a d in g

 Man Cannot
C Live by Bread
Alone

1. Choose from the list below the activities that you prefer doing in your leisure time
and put them in order of priority.

• Watch TV • Go to art galleries and museums

• Go to the cinema • Play musical instruments
• Read books • Do sports
• Go fishing • Take care of pets
• Go cycling • Walk with friends
• Go camping • Chat with friends on the phone
• Surf the net • Go to the theatre
• Play online games • Communicate through social networks

2. Work in pairs. Explain to your partner the choice of the three activities on the
list you have written down. Follow the example below.

'— jojl, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Firstly. I love going fishing. This is the most interesting activity I have ever done
in my leisure time. While fishing you enjoy the quiet beauty of nature and the
excitement of catching fish.
Secondly. I am keen on doing sports. Mountain skiing is the most breathtaking
activity I have ever done in my leisure time. While mountain skiing vou enjoy the
speed, the air and freedom.
Finally. I am a theatre fan. Theatre is the most unusual place I have ever been
to. While watching a performance in the theatre you forget your everyday problems
and live the life of other people.
____________________________________________________________________________ /

3. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

assem ble [o'sembl] v. to make something by putting all the separate parts together: The
boy assembled the model o f the plane in ju st three hours. Little kids love to assemble
lego cities.
co m prehension [.kompri'henfn] n : the ability to understand something: The people
in the office didn’t have the comprehension o f what I was trying to explain to them.
Comprehension task was given to the pupils to check how well they understood the text.
_________________________________________ /Иan Cannot Live by Bread Alone

self-expression [,selfik'sprefn] n\ the expression of your feelings or thoughts, especially

through activities such as painting, writing, or acting: Clothes style is a way o f self-
expression for people o f all ages. Participation in school out o f class activities is a great
way of self-expression.
master ['masto] v: 1. to learn a skill or a language so well that you have no difficulty
with it: / never quite mastered the art o f making presentations in public. By the end of
her 5th year o f studying English at a language university she had mastered it very well.
2. to manage to control a strong emotion: He had learned to master his fear o f heights.
appreciate [a'piifieit] v: 1. to understand the importance or value of something: He did
not fully appreciate the importance of mastering a foreign language.
2. to thank someone in a polite way or to say that you are grateful for something they
have done: Thanks so much for your help, I really appreciate it.
3. to understand how good or useful someone or something is: I’m not a professional,
but I appreciate fine works of art.
convince [kan'vins] v: 1, to make someone believe that something is tru e ;1to convince
somebody of something, Maria had convinced herself that he didn’t love her. 2. [to
persuade someone to do something: to convince somebody to do something. They tried to
convince him to buy a cheaper car.

to appreciate (2) ■ comprehension ■ to master (2) ■ self-expression

i to assemble ■ to convince

____________________________________________________________________________ /

4. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

1. I would ... if you could help me with Maths.

2. The little girl was afraid of darkness. She couldn’t ... her fear and cried every night.
3. The ... of the book depends on how well you know the ancient history.
4. To ... the Chinese language is a very challenging task.
5. Only when he became older did he ... the importance of reading.
6. Many little kids are LEGO fans and are ready to ... it for hours.
7. Art is a way of ... for many people.
8. He didn’t ... me that it was a good decision.

5. Listen to the 3 teenagers talking about their hobbies and fill in the chart in your
Workbook. You need these words to understand the text:

clumsy ['kUmzi] — неуклюжий

passion ['paejh] — сильное увлечение

6. Retell one of the stories you have heard about the children’s hobbies to your
classmates. Use the chart in your Workbook.

7. W rite about the three activities you are keen on. Use Exercise 2 as an example. Be
sure to use new words from Exercise 3.

57
8 . Reading is not the most popular leisure activity among teenagers nowadays. So,
why to read? Read the article and make a list of reasons why it is worth reading
when you are a teenager.

'W h y R ea d in g I s S o Im p o r ta n t?
Grown ups always tell their children how important reading is but have
you ever stopped to think about why it is so important?
Reading is important for many reasons. Some of these reasons are
very practical, while others are not. When children learn to read at an
early age they prepare themselves to be successful people in the future.
Books contain a great amount of information that you may need in a
lot of different situations beginning from reading an instruction of how
to assemble a plane model when you are a teenager and ending with
the magazine article written about you and read by you when you are a
successful person in the future!
People who predicted the future believed that books would disappear
with the invention of higher technology. In fact, the opposite has happened.
With the invention of the Internet more and more reading is needed daily.
So, the non-reading society that was once believed to be just around the corner will never
be.
When you are surfing the Internet reading various information you must have a good
level of reading in order to look for the information you need and sort it out from the
unnecessary information. As important as reading is, you must also be able to think
critically to analyze what you read and understand what is a true fact and what is just
fiction.
It’s a known fact that the more teenagers read the better they can read. The more
they read and the better comprehension becomes, the more they enjoy reading. Reading
actually becomes much more than a fundamental need. It becomes an enjoyable pastime.
If you read a lot, you will learn proper grammar and spelling. Reading develops your
spoken language and helps you learn to express yourself clearly.
While reading books, magazines, and the web you learn new words and catch new ideas.
So you learn a lot about the world around you. Even if you don’t quite understand the
work you are reading you will figure it out through association or the use of a dictionary.
This not only allows your vocabulary to grow, it deepens your level of understanding.
Reading opens doors to things that interest you but that you are not able to explore
physically. Space is a great example. Perhaps you or your classmates have an interest in
the stars. Well, of course, you cannot visit the other solar systems but by being able to
read you can bring the solar systems to you and learning can be a lifetime adventure. And
with the web the amount of free information available has grown rapidly. So with books or
any form of reading no longer do far away places need to be foreign or not understood.
This has another advantage. As adults the more we understand the more accepting we
are and the less afraid we become of the unknown which is no longer unknown.
We have all heard the term “global village”. This is how the world is now seen. With
technology came the ability to unite with people from another part of the globe. And
when you feel in touch with another culture you care a great deal more about what
happens to them. They become real and exist in your world. So, improved reading can
actually lead to a more peaceful world.
Books are great to role-play. Do you remember pretending you are a King or a Queen,
a great warrior, a caveman in childhood? So, you can place yourself in the story. Look
what has become with Harry Potter. The phenomenon grew like wild fire and not only
films about Harry Porter are popular. The books have been sold in record numbers. This
is also true concerning one other fascinating book "The Lord of the Ring”. The book was
such a success that many young people organized The Lord of the Ring societies. Thus,
reading gives you a chance for self-expression.
_________________________________________ /Иan Cannot Live by Bread Alone

Reading can also enable you to develop your social skills. Although reading is normally
a one-person activity it can be a social activity as well. Reading groups in social networks
bring people together to read and discuss books which are excellent for communication
and making new friends.
As you can see reading is an important skill that all children need to master. There is
no other skill that will have as much importance for your future life. Once you appreciate
the magic of reading a whole new world opens up to you. Reading does matter!

9. Write down in your exercise book a list of 8—10 reasons why it is necessary to read
in the modern world. Use Exercise 8.

Useful Language
to master,
to appreciate,
comprehension,
to assemble,
self-expression,
to convince
____________________ >

n u ilIv v v U I П

1. Ex. 3, 8, 9 2. Ex. 1-4

V

L©©@® od

1. a) Work in pairs. Complete the sentences below in a way that is true for you.

1. The first book my mum read to me was ...

2. I began reading when I was ... years old.
3. I’ll never forget my first book. It was ...
4. When I was ten my favourite book was ...
5. When I was twelve I wanted to be like ..., one of my favourite book characters.
6. The book I read after watching its screen version was ...
7. The book I am reading at the moment is ...
b) Tell your partner about your reading Experience. Use Exercise l a as a plan.

2. Listen to the dialogue and say what types of books Ann and Christine enjoy reading
44®!

and why. Fill in the chart in your Workbook.

59
3. W ork in groups of 3 - 4 people. Fill in the chart in your Workbook about
the advantages of reading a book or watching its screen adaptation. Discuss the
problem and express the conclusion you have come to.

Advantages of reading a book Advantages of watching a film

1.
2.
3.

4 . Listen and practise reading the following proper names and words.

a) Johann Gutenberg, Pope Pius II1, Frankfurt, Agatha Christie, William Shakespeare,
Washington, Persian Sultan Mahmud, Firdausi, Harry Colebourn, Quebec, Ontario, Alan Milne,
Christopher;
b) monasteries, a bookbinder, the Bible, Shahs, dinar, a veterinarian, a soldier.

5. a) Read the article and give the title to each paragraph.

a) Books Sold in Billions d) Old Book History

b) The World History And e) Royal Honour
Talent of One Man f) Book Collections
c) Life Stories in a Book

1. It is an interesting fact that before book printing began, most early books didn’t have
titles or authors or anything printed on the covers. Books were very expensive and were
bought only by rich people and monasteries. To avoid stealing, books were chained to
the bookshelves. Book pages were not put together in a book. People had to buy files
of printed sheets. If someone wanted a real book he had to take those files to the
bookbinder1 and choose the material to make the book of.
2. In the mid-15th century Johann Gutenberg invented a mechanical way of making books.
Before Gutenberg every book produced in Europe had to be copied by hand. The first
book printed by Gutenberg was the Bible. That is why the first printed book is called
the Gutenberg Bible. We know for certain about this first printed Bible from a letter
of 12 March 1455. On that day Pope Pius II2 wrote in his letter that in Frankfurt a
talented young man made a Bible that was written in such accurate letters that one
 _____________________________________________________________ M an Cannot Live by Bread tHone

could read it without glasses. Every copy had been sold. Gutenberg’s invention did not
make him rich, but the success of printing meant that books soon became cheaper,
and more people could buy them at a lower price.

3. Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA contains 28 million books and has 532 miles
of shelving. If you were driving at a constant speed of 70 miles per hour (mph) in a
car, it would take you 8 hours to pass them all. The British Library in London is the
2nd biggest with 18 million books. The Lenin Library in Moscow, Russia is one of the
largest and has books and newspapers and magazines in more than 108 languages.

4. Agatha Christie, a detective story writer is the best selling author of all time. Since
1920 her books have sold over a billion copies in the English language and another
billion in over 45 foreign languages. She is outsold only by the Bible and William
Shakespeare.

5. In the early 11th century, Persian Sultan Mahmud1 promised the poet Firdausi2 one
gold dinar coin (about $4.70) for each couplet of his poem “Book of Shahs” (a poem
containing the history of the Kings of Persia) as soon as he finished the poem. When
the poem was ready, it was 60,000 lines long. Mahmud’s advisors told him that the
poem would be extremely expensive, and he paid Firdausi in silver instead of gold.
Firdausi got very angry and left the court. In 1020, Mahmud was so much impressed
by the beauty of couplets written by Firdausi that he sent a camel caravan with
60,000 gold dinars with a letter of apology. Unfortunately, it arrived too late. The great
poet had died.

6. There is a real history of Winnie-the-Pooh. On August 24th, 1914, a Canadian soldier

and veterinarian named Harry Colebourn, on his way to the training camp in Quebec,
bought an orphaned black bear cub for $20 in White River, Ontario, which he named
Winnipeg, or Winnie for short. When the soldiers were sent over to France during
World War I, Colebourn brought her to the London Zoo. Harry planned to take her
back to Canada after the war. However, Winnie became the zoo’s top attraction, and
on December 1, 1919, he donated the bear to the zoo. In the mid-1920’s, writer
A.A. Milne often took his young son, Christopher Robin, to the zoo, and Christopher
named his teddy bear “Winnie-the-Pooh” after Winnie. A.A. Milne wrote several best­
selling children’s books about Christopher Robin and Winnie-the-Pooh.

1Persian Sultan Mahmud [,рз:/п 'sAltsn] - персидский султан М ахмуд

2Firdausi [fa'dausi] - Фирдоуси, персидский поэт (940-1020)

61
 b )* Choose the fact from Exercise 5a that you find the most interesting, learn
more about it using the site WWW.wikipedia.ru. Share the information with your
classmates.

6. a) Open the brackets using the correct tense forms.

A S T O R Y O F T W O F R IE N D S
A story tells that two friends (to walk) through the desert. At some point of their journey
they (to have) an argument, and one friend (to slap) the other one in the face. The one
who (to get) slapped was hurt, but without saying anything (write) in the sand: “TODAY
MY BEST FRIEND SLAPPED ME IN THE FACE". They kept on walking until they (to find)
an oasis, where they (to decide) to take a bath. The one, who (to slap), got stuck in the
mire1 and started drowning, but the friend (to save) him. After the friend (to recover) from
the near drowning, he (to write) on a stone: “TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SAVED MY LIFE”.
The friend who (to slap) and (to save) the life of his best friend asked him: “After I (to
hurt) you, you (to write) in a sand and now you (to write) on a stone, why?” The other
friend replied: “When someone (to hurt) us, we should write it down in a sand, so that
the winds of forgiveness can erase2 it away. But, when someone (to do) something good
for us, we must engrave3 it in stone where no wind can ever erase it” LEARN TO WRITE
YOUR HURTS IN THE SAND, AND TO CARVE YOUR BENEFITS4 IN STONE.
b )* Comment on the saying. Support your comments with life examples.

"The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the

finest persons of past centuries".
(Rene" Descartes)

Word Building
noun verb adjective adverb
self-expression to express expressive expressively
to convince convincing convincingly
convinced
comprehension to comprehend comprehensive comprehensively
appreciation to appreciate appreciative appreciatively

7. Change the words to complete the sentences.

1. After the concert we expressed our (appreciate) to the musicians.

2. His report was really (to convince).
3. I didn’t see any (comprehensive) in his eyes.
4. What strange clothes he is wearing! - It’s his way of (express).

1got stuck in the m ire - увязнуть в трясине

2the winds o f forgiveness can erase - ветра прощения могут стирать
с поверхности, удалять
3to engrave [in'greiv] - гравировать, вырезать
4 to carve the benefits - гравировать историю добрых дел
________________________________________________________________ /Иan Cannot Live by Bread Alone

8. Finish the sayings about books using the words from the box. W rite them down in
your exercise book.
/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
to appreciate ■ comprehension ■ to master ■ self-expression ■ to convince
■ to assemble

1. Writing a book is a way of ... .

2. People begin to ... books when they start using their wisdom.
3. Only when a person ... the skill of reading, does he ... the skill of learning.
4. It is no use reading a book if there is no .... of how you will use its experience.
5. A book may ... people to turn a new page in their life.

г H A m ow A vL
nUlIlcWUlVV
■w
1. Ex. 5b, 7a 2. Ex. 1 -4
L J

t©@©®m
1> Look at the list of what a reader can appreciate in a book. Choose the point that
best suits you. Explain your choice.

■— .............. ....... ...............

I appreciate a catching plot in a book. It is so exciting when you can’t take
your eyes off the page and read the book from cover to cover in a few
days. One of such books is “Gone with the Wind” by Margaret Mitchell.

• A catching plot
• An unpredictable ending of the book
• Rich and expressive language of the author
• The power of the author’s imagination
• The author’s sense of humour
• Life experience you get while reading a book
• Challenging book characters
• The author's way of self-expression
• A happy ending

2. W ork in pairs and convince your partner to read the book you have just read.
Give not fewer than three arguments. Your partner can ask you questions for more
detailed information.

1. I am sure you will enjoy the book I’ve just read.

2. The title of the book is ... .
3. It is written by a famous English/Russian writer ... .
4. It is a ... by genre.
5. The plot of the book is catching/exciting/unusual/fantastic, etc.

63
Unit
5
I 6.
7.
The book is about true friendship/love/adventures/life hardships/historic events, etc.
The main character is ... who (give the summery of the book)
8. I appreciate .... in the book because ...
9. I hope I have convinced you to choose this book for reading. I strongly recommend it
to you.

3. a) Listen to the story and choose the words that best describe the main characters’
feelings from the box below. Explain why Beth felt that way. You need these words
to understand the text:

to shiver ['Jiva] - дрожать

to faint - потерять сознание, упасть в обморок
exhausted — истощенный (от усталости)

■ excited ■ lonely
■ cold ■ impressed
■ happy ■ tired
■ terrified ■ nervous
■ glad
J

b) Listen to the story again and comment on the statement: JOKES CAN BE
CRUEL. Support your comments with the text from Exercise 3a.

4. Test your memory and remember in what books the main characters had to fight
for survival. W h at book characters survived/didn’t survive in battles?

• As far as I remember, Robinson Crusoe had to fight for survival after the
shipwreck when he found himself on a deserted island.
• If I remember right, Ilya Muromets survived in the battle against Solovey
Razboinik.
____________________________________________________________________________

5. a) Read the reviews of the books on page 65 and say what kind of books they are.
Match the titles of the books with the reviews.

1. “The Island of D r Moreau” by H.G. W ells

2. “A Cup of Tea” by Katherine Mansfield
3. “The Lost W orld” by A rth u r Conan Doyle
4. “Lost on the Dress Parade” by O. Henry
5. “Pygm alion” by Bernard Shaw

64
 /Иан Cannot Live by Bread /Hone

• a romantic story
• a short novel
• a play
• science-fiction story
• an adventure story

—
A. A young journalist, Edward Malone, sets out on a 19th century expedition to explore
the Amazon rainforest with explorer George Challenger, zoologist Summerlee and
hunter Lord John Roxton. On their exploration they discover more than they could
ever imagine - a world that has dinosaurs still living in the wild. The men are
shocked at their discovery and make the journey back to their civilization fighting to
survive in the lost world of the prehistoric time.

/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Edward Prendick survives a shipwreck and is picked up by a yacht that is on its
way to a mysterious island, where he meets a strange scientist named Dr Moreau.
He is provided with food and shelter, but when he hears a man screaming in the
night, as if the man is being tortured1, Prendick runs away, fearing for his own
safety. In the forest, he sees strange creatures that are half-men and half-beasts.
Prendick discovers the truth about these mysterious creatures and Dr Moreau’s part
in their poor lives.

C. Eliza Doolittle is just a lovely flower girl in the streets of London whenshe happens
to meet Henry Higgins, one of the world’s most famous linguists, and Colonel
Pickering. With their help, Eliza learns English of the upper class society. When
she is presented at the Ambassador’s Ball2, everyone thinks she is a princess and
everyone is impressed by her beauty and good manners. After success in training
Eliza, Higgins loses interest in her. But Eliza has fallen in love with Higgins and
is depressed with his behaviour. She tells him, “ I sold flowers. I didn’t sell myself.
Now you’ve made a lady of me, I’m not fit to sell anything else.” When Eliza leaves,
Higgins realizes that he loves her, but Eliza is planning to marry a high society
gentleman.

( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Rosemary Fell was very rich but not very pretty. One cold night, after coming out
of a shop, she came across a girl. The poor girl asked the price of a cup of tea
from Rosemary. It seemed to be a very romantic adventure for Rosemary like those
events that take place in novels or on the stage. She thought of doing something
generous. She took her home for a cup of tea. The poor girl was very hungry.
Rosemary gave her tea, sandwiches, bread and butter. When her husband came
home, Rosemary introduced the poor girl, Miss Smith, to him as her friend. Phillip
was a little surprised when he learned why Rosemary had brought the girl, he
tried to convince his wife not to make mistakes. But Rosemary who knew more of
romantic novels than life would not listen to him. However, when Phillip said that
Miss Smith was very pretty, the great generosity of Rosemary was quickly forgotten.
Rosemary went to her writing room, took out a few pounds, gave the girl the money
and sent her away.

1as i f the man being tortured - как будто пытают человека

2Ambassador’s Ball - бал в посольстве
E. Towers Chandler saves a little out of his weekly pay from an architect’s office and
uses it to have a night in the town every few weeks. On one outing he meets a
girl. When he boasts of his yachts, and polo ponies, she disapproves of his idle
way of life. However, while the young man is very poor in reality, the girl turns out
to be one of the richest as her father is a tycoon1. Her father decides to build a
country house and makes a contract with the firm where Towers works. He brings
the architectural plans to the tycoon’s house and then the girl sees what a great
professional the young man is and appreciates the fact that he has got an aim in
his life.

b) Choose one of the reviews from Exercise 5a and tell your classmates what the
book is about and what lesson it teaches people.

6. Complete the text using the correct tense forms. W rite it down in your exercise
book.

Although Agatha Christie (1) (to be) the world’s most successful and best-known detective
writer, she rarely (2) (to interview) or (3) (to see) in public places. Most people (4) (to
convince) that this (5) (to be) for her shyness. Yet, it also 6. (to come) from a strange
incident which (7) (to happen) early in her writing career.
She (8) (to publish) just one of her best thrillers — The Murder o f Roger
Ackroyd — in 1926, when she mysteriously (9) (to disappear). There (10) (to be)
a lot of publicity and a nation-wide search for her. At this time she unhappily
(11) (to marry) to her first husband. Agatha Christie (12) (to find) in a hotel two
weeks later registered under another woman’s name! She (13) (to explain) her
strange disappearance and actions by the loss of memory.
Many newspapers (14) (to write) that she only (15) (to try) to get publicity
for her new book. She (16) (to hurt) and upset by this idea. Later she (17) (to
continue) to write many more successful books, but she rarely (18) (to appear)
in public again and almost never (19) (to interview).

7. Imagine that you are having an interview with a world-famous writer. W hat
questions would you ask? Try to make your interview catching! Follow the plan.

t t U H U U l l l l U I H U H i l
Plan
1. Choose a writer you are interested in.
2. Search for more information about him/her on the Internet.
3. Make a list of his/her works.
4. Try to explain what attracts you in his/her books.
5. Write 5 questions for more information.

Н
nuлш
n iю
cшw лuгЬ
rr
j
1. Make a report on the book you find most exciting.
2. Ex. 5, 7 3. Ex. 1-4

1a tycoon [,tai'ku;n] - магнат

 /Иап Cannot Live by Bread tHone

L©©©®m Ш

1. Make a public presentation about a writer and questions you would like to ask
him/her (See Exercise 7, page 66).

2. a) Each of us has once in his life dreamed of becoming a writer. Read what kind
of writer Paul Swenson, a 13-year-old teenager, dreams of becoming and say if you
would be interested to read his books. Explain why.

If I were a writer, I would write science fiction. The plot of my books would be
catching and exciting. My characters would be very challenging people. My readers
would mostly be excited but would neither laugh nor cry. I would try to use rich and
expressive language to make the feelings of my characters clear to the reader. The
main theme of my books would be justice and the willpower of a man. My books
would teach people to be responsible for what they do. My books would be very
successful and I would write screen adaptations for all of my books.

b) W hat would your books be like if you were a writer? The questions below will
help you.

If you were a writer ...

► What kind of books would you write?
► What kind of plot would your books have?
► What kind of people would the main characters of your books be?
► Would you make your readers laugh or cry at the feelings of your characters?
► What kind of language would you try to write in?
► What would your books be about?
► What would your books teach people?
► Would you write screen adaptations for your books?

3. Listen to the story of Cristina Henriquez who has just published her first novel,
“The W o rld in H a lf”, about a college student who decides to travel to Panama
to search for her father. She was asked to tell her readers how she got her start.
Answer the question: Is a profession always chosen by making a decision about it
or sometimes by chance?

t)w

W o r l d in H a l f

*
C R I S T I N A H E N R IQ U E Z

67
 Books are read by billions of people. The writers from many countries became
famous all over the world. Look at the chart and speak about the most famous
authors and their books.

'— jo/c -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 . Henry was born in Am erica. His fam ous book “Lost on Dress Parade” is
written in the English language.
____________________________________________________________________________

F am o u s W rite rs The Country of The Language

Birth

Lev Tolstoy (War and Peace) Russia Russian

0. Henry (Lost on Dress Parade) America English

Paul Biegel (King o f the Copper The Netherlands Dutch

Mountains)
The Grimm Brothers (The Golden Bird) Germany German
Hans Andersen (The Snow Queen) Denmark Danish

Jack London (White Fang) America English

Alan Marshall (1 Can Jump Puddles) Australia English
Miguel de Cervantes (Don Quijote de la Spain Spanish
Mancha)
Paulo Coelho (Eleven Minutes) Brazil Portuguese

5. Many children and teenagers mistakenly think that museums and books are boring.
Kids from the Netherlands think differently and Children’s Book Museum is a
place that is well-known by every kid in the country. Read the information about
the museum and say what the museum is famous for and what you may find
particularly attractive.

'— jolt, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

One of the things I find particularly attractive is that ... .

 /Иап Cannot Live by Bread tHone

J~h.e ChidcLteris Qook. M u s e u m

In the newly reopened Children’s Book Museum, children
can have a lot of fun while learning about Dutch children’s
literature. They will discover how stories can be catching
and exciting.
The museum will have two interactive expositions:
‘Kikker’ (Frog) for pre-school children and ‘Papiria’ for kids
of 7—13 years old. The expositions are especially fun for
children who can speak Dutch.

Papiria
In Papiria children can experience the magic of word and image. They will learn all about
the process of creating a story through language and illustration. During their voyage of
discovery through Papiria the children create their own digital story figure and then write
a story, draw a picture, compose a poem in the workshop.
The interactive exposition is an experience in itself. The use of multimedia and various
art disciplines bring the classic medium of the book into today’s day and age. The
exposition has 12 interactive games, 18 short audiovisual productions about making a
story, 30 design stations where children can create their own story figure, 111 original
illustrations by 68 different illustrators, more than 150 sound fragments and some 50,000
books on the shelves.

Kikker
Kikker and his friends will get a permanent home in
the Children’s Book Museum. The exposition is to get
kids aged 3 to 6 to play and use their imagination.
Well-known Kikker books are represented and teach
children about such emotions as love, fear and
happiness. They’ll enter the world of Kikker and set
off on a special adventure.

6 . Is it worth visiting such a museum? Why? W hy

not? W rite down three reasons in your exercise
book.

7. Work in a group Of 3 - 4 people, a) Make a list of what you can do at the

museums apart from looking at the exhibits.

b) W hy do you think some museums are boring for children? Discuss your ideas in
the group and come to the conclusion.

r— tSXcAwijo/t, ----------------------------------------------------
Museums should provide ... to attract children’s attention.

J
8. Open the brackets using the correct tense forms and read about a visit to the
museum.

Last week my class (1) (to visit) the Museum of Dinosaurs. I never (2) (to hear) about
this Museum before and I (3) (to excite) to visit it. You see, I (4) (to coiled) dinosaurs of
all kinds for three years and my collection (5) (to contain) 199 items in it. I just (6) (to
need) one more item which I was sure I (7) (to buy) in the museum souvenir shop. When
I got to the museum on Sunday, all the pupils of my class already (8) (to gather) at the
entrance of the museum. They (9) (to stand) and (10) (to discuss) the types of dinosaurs
which they (11) (to read) about in the textbooks at the biology lessons. At the museum
I (12) (to impress) by the models of the dinosaurs and a short 3D film which (13) (to
bring) us back to the Earth of millions of years ago and (14) (to make) everyone of us
feel the dinosaurs’ era. One of the gigantic models (15) (to be) the copy of the toy model
which I (16) (to lack) in my collection. To my disappointment I (17) (not to find) this kind
of the toy model in the shop. By the time I got home, I (18) (to lose) all the excitement
of the museum visit and (19) (to feel) awful because I (20) (can not) finish my collection.
Suddenly I (21) (to have) an idea. I (22) (to take) my collection of 199 toy dinosaurs
which carefully (23) (to label), (24) (to take) a piece of paper and in big letters (25) (to
write) the words of the last label: “The model of the dinosaur No 200. The model (26)
(to be) on display in the Dinosaur Museum”.

Hom ework
1. Ex. 6, 8 2. Ex. 1-4

p i
t©©©®m

W ork in pairs and learn from your partner about his/her interest in museums by
asking him questions below.

• what was the first museum your partner visited;

• how often he/she visits museums;
• what collections he/she enjoys looking at on display;
• if he/she has ever visited museums abroad; if yes, what museums he/she visited;
• if he/she is interested in museums; why or why not.

2. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

contain [kon'tein] v: to have something inside or include something as a part: How

much milk do you think this bottle contains? I’ve lost a file containing a lot of important
documents. Foods which contain a lot o f fat are dangerous for health.
exhibit [ig'zibit] n: an object such as a painting that is shown to the public: The museum
has a fascinating collection o f exhibits from Iron Age pottery to Inuit clothing.
date back to: to have existed since some time in the past: This tradition dates back
to old times.
sculpture ['skAlptfo] n: the art of forming solid objects that represent a thing, person,
idea, etc. out of a material such as wood, clay, metal or stone, or an object made in this
way: Tom teaches sculpture at the local art school. The museum has several life-sized
sculptures o f people and animals.
 M an Cannot Live by Bread /Hone

sculptor ['skAlpta] n\ someone who creates sculptures: Henry Moore, who died in 1986,
is one of Britain's best-known sculptors.
masterpiece ['mastsjris] n: a work of art such as a painting, film or book which is done
or made with great skill, and is often a person’s greatest work: St Basil’s Cathedral is a
well-known masterpiece in Moscow.

3. Look at the picture and describe it using the words below. W rite down the
description in your exercise book.

■ To contain masterpieces of art

■ Sculptures of ancient sculptors
■ Interesting exhibits on display
■ Paintings which date back to
■ To attract the visitors’ attention
■ To have a wide range of art objects on display
■ To examine the items on display with interest
____________________________________________________________ >

4. Match different collections to the museums. Guess the time the items were made.
Follow the example.

The Louvre Museum contains a rich collection of sculptures which date back to
the 1 5 th -1 6 th centuries.
____________________________________________________________________________

• a collection of rare dolls • a collection of The British Museum

old autos • a collection of sculptures • a The Museum of Automobiles
collection of art masterpieces • a collection of The Yokohama Doll Museum
historical items • a collection of rare animals The Tretyakov Gallery
and birds • a collection of world known The Louvre Museum
paintings • a collection of sculptures and The Darwin Museum
historical artifacts • a collection of rare and The Space Museum
unique books • a collection of different kinds The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
of matches • a collection of mice • a collection The Museum of Books
of dinosaur bones • a collection of equipment The Museum of Matches
to do exciting experiments • a collection of The Mouse Museum
space suits. The Museum of Physics

5. Read the text and learn what advice the museum expert A lan Maroh gives on how
to make a museum an exciting place to visit. Say which of the advice you have
read about you use in your everyday life.

H o w t o E n jo y a Museum
The easy answer to the question ‘What is a modern museum?’ is that it is a place
of exploration, imagination, and experiment. Enjoying a museum visit means to find out
what will be of interest for you when you go there. There are so many possible ways to
keep yourself entertained in a wide variety of museums, that there certainly should be
something that will attract your attention and make the visit exciting for you. Follow these
steps, and you’ll be prepared.
Step One: Preparation
Being prepared is really important to turn your visit to a museum into entertainment.
Doing a little research and planning before a visit will give you an idea of what is worth
seeing and doing and will help you to make the most of your time at the museum.
Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different types of museums,
that it would be strange if you found it difficult to find one that suits you. There are
museums of art, information, military and war, transportation, science, open air, virtual
world and zoos. Select one that excites your curiosity and you are halfway to having an
enjoyable visit.
Step Two: Research
Do some research before visiting. Most museums now have online internet portals
which let you explore the museum virtually. When surfing the net for the chosen museum,
look for such things as:
■ The exhibits on display - see what exhibition is on at the museum always, as
well as special exhibitions being held for a short time.
■ The history of the museum - there will often be very interesting stories about the
exhibits, that can make your visit more interesting.
■ Activities - see whether there are talks, displays, tours, special and hands-on
activities that will be happening on the day of your visit. Many museums hold
regular activities that meet all age group interests.
■ It’s important to know how much the visit will cost, whether or not you can have
meals there, and whether or not there is a storage place for coats, bags, etc. You
might also need to check about wheelchair access and car parking.
Be prepared to learn at least one thing on your visit. It is always good to take away
something new from your visit.
Plan rest and breaks into your visit. Long periods of walking around, standing in front of
artifacts or paintings can become tiring after a while; it is important to take breaks and
to rest.
Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with
someone else to share the experience and talk over what you see.
Think broadly. Really take a broad look at things you see; firstly a big picture and then a
small one. Try to find out what the artist, builder, writer, sculptor was thinking when they
were making their work. What was the maker trying to tell you?
Step Three: Reflection
Be sure to make some notes in your diary about your visit. Write down what impressed
you and what was boring. Exchange your opinion with your friends.

6. Put the pieces of the advice given by the expert from the text in the correct order.

1. Surf the net to learn about the exhibition on display, the museum history and activities
held in the museum.
2. Select a museum that excites your curiosity is of great importance.
3. Make some notes in your diary.
4. Make a visit to the museum a remarkable event in a company of friends.
5. Prepare to learn new and exciting things, even one, is something one should be
prepared for on his visit to a museum.
6. Look at different items on display for it is important to understand the idea of their
creators.
7. Rest and have some light snacks as a part of a museum visit. We shouldn’t forget about
being charged with energy for more than one hour excursion.
 iPlan Cannot Live by Bread Alone

7. Complete the text choosing the correct words below.

Historical museums usually have rich (1) ... of artefacts which are on display to all (2) ....
They are (3) ... from all over the world. The curators of most museums are very proud
of the (4) ... in their museums and are always willing to (5) ... information about them.
Museums (6) ... the public to enjoy (7) ... through exhibitions which are often changed on
regular basis, or are in permanent floors. Many European museums are home to (8) ...
works of art such as the Mona Lisa in the Louvre, Paris, or The Girl with Peaches in the
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
1. a) exhibits b) collections c) masterpieces
2. a) visitors b) audiences c) groups
3. a) gathered b) taken c) collected
4. a) exhibits b) items c) objects
5. a) supply b) enable c) provide
6. a) give b) let c) enable
7. a) masterpieces b) sculptures c) pictures
8. a) worthless b) expensive c) priceless

8. Listen to the text about the first Russian Museum and complete the task. There
are some words you need to understand the text.

K u n tsk a m m er - к у н стк а м ер а
a n th ro p o lo g y [.аепвгэ'рЫэс^] - а н т р о п о л о ги я
eth n o g ra p h y [eG'nngrofi] - этн огр аф и я
co n trib u tio n l,kr>ntri'bju:Jn] - в к л а д
p erm a n en t ['рз:тэпэШ ] - п о ст о я н н ы й
a n atom ica l r a r itie s [.ama'tmnikl 'rasrotiz] - а н а том и ч еск и е
диковинки

1 The museum has a very good geographical location,

a) True b) False c) Not stated
2 The Museum was founded by M. Lomonosov,
a) True b) False c) Not stated
3 After the death of Lomonosov his museum was opened there,
a) True b) False c) Not stated
4 There are several museums located in the Kunstkammer.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
5 The museum contains exhibits from all over the world,
a) True b) False c) Not stated

9 * . Explore the website of the British Museum www.britishmuseum.org and write

down:
• what collections are on display all the time;
• what activities are provided for different groups of people;
• what you have learned about the museum’s history.

73
 Useful Language

a sculpture, sculptor, an exhibit

H om ew orlt
1. Ex. 2, 5, 9 2. Ex. 1-4

t©©©®0Q 3

1. Look at the list of reasons why people go to the museums and say what the most/
least common reason is; name the three reasons why you go to the museums.

• to get acquainted with masterpieces of art;

• to become a more cultivated person;
• to learn more about the works of some artists and sculptors;
• to develop a good taste;
• to share impressions and exchange opinions with friends;
• to forget about everyday problems;
• to meet new people;
• to buy souvenirs in a souvenir shop;
• to make a project at school;
• to learn more about the culture and art of another country.

2. Look at the pictures of different exhibits and describe them using the given words.
W rite the sentences down into your exercise book.

This exhibit is an ancient book which dates back to the 18th century.

74
 /Иan Cannot Live by Bread Alone

The first map of Siberia/1570 year

The portrait of Henry VIII/

Hans Holbein/16th century

Famous sculptor/Donatello/ltaly/15th century

3. a) Listen to the description of one of the paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery /Л *!

and fill in the chart in your Workbook. You will need the following words to * ®
understand the text.

b a ck g ro u n d f'baekgraund] - фон
to b o ast [baust] - хв а ста ться
d a n g e r ['deincfca] - оп асность

The Hunters at Rest. V. Perov

b) Describe the painting to your classmate using the chart in the Workbook.

4. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

stare (at) [stea] v : look fixedly or vacantly at someone or something with one’s eyes wide
open: He stared at her in amazement. Robin sat staring into space, her mind empty.
appeal [a'pi:l] v : to be attractive: If someone or something appeals to you, they seem
attractive and interesting. The programme appeals to young children. The idea o f working
abroad really appeals to me.
scenery ['si:nari] n: the natural features of a particular part of a country that you
can see, such as mountains, forests, deserts etc.: The best part o f the trip was the
fantastic scenery. The scenery painted by William Turner, a famous English artist, is a
real masterpiece.
allow ['alau] v: to let someone do or have something, or let something happen: My
parents wouldn’t allow me to go to the party. Don’t allow your problems to rule your life.

75
5. Complete the sentences using the words from the box in the correct form.

1. This show will ... to young children. 2. What made you change your ... ? 3. I am
not ... to drive my dad’s car. 4. On our journey round Italy we viewed very beautiful ... .
5. How does it ... to you? 6. It’s rude ... ! 7. I can’t keep my ... on work when it is so
sunny outdoors. 8. He lifted his head and ... at her. 9. Unfortunately, they didn’t ... me
to explain my point of view. 10. She was ... at me, so I ... back. 11. His ... was full of
the things he had seen that day. 12. Video ... you to record programmes and watch them
later. 13. Nobody in their right ... would go there alone at night!

mind (4) ■ to appeal (2) ■ to allow (3) ■ to stare (3) ■ scenery (1)

6. Listen to the text and give advice on how to take fun going to art museums.

Some P r a c tic a l A d v ic e a b o u t A r t
Art museums can be a lot of fun if you go with an open mind. Keeping an ope
mind about art can lead you to discover how centuries ago people thought, lived,and
entertained themselves; what values they had and what they tried to ignore. And one day,
it will be our lifestyles on those displays that people will stand looking at too!
Take it slowly. Learning to love art is a process. Be prepared to take the time to look
around, and to react in your own way. If somebody who knows about the art is helping
you, that can be great but it can also make you feel that you don’t know anything - if
that happens, just let them know that you need to discover the art in your own way
before having too many details given to you.
Try to find out what the artist was trying to say in his or her pictures. Instead of just
staring at the Mona Lisa with no understanding, try to catch what Leonardo Da Vinci’s
idea was. This will keep you busy for a while. It can be even more fun doing this with
a friend, with both of you guessing together, or giving each other different opinions. Find
a painting that really appeals to you. Try to notice all the details of the painting,and
decide what they might mean. For example, if a painting is a family portrait, and onlyone
person is wearing black, it might mean that this particular person was dead at the time
of the painting. Asking yourself “What if...” makes your imagination work.
Look at a scenery painting, try to imagine someone you know in the scene, and imagine
them doing different things. You can add other people, and see what you can come up
with. For some more fun, you could start out with putting your best friend in, and then
add famous people such as Albert Einstein or someone else.
Do not touch. So many people go through museums that touching is not allowed in
order to preserve the items for future visitors.' Imagine how quickly everything would be
destroyed if touching objects were allowed!

7. Complete the sentences according to the correct above.

1. Pieces of art provide the viewer with information about ... .

2. Don’t hurry to discover ... .
3. The details contain ... .
4. Imagining someone in ... .
5. Observe the rules and don’t ... .

8. Complete the text choosing the right words.

Once there lived a talented sculptor. His workshop (1) ... a lot of his fine works. When he
(2) ... his works at some (3) ... , all the people of the town admired his beautiful (4) ... .
A year ago he fell in love with a dancer and got married. The sculptor was happy and
_________________________________________ /Иan Cannot Live by Bread Я lone

spent hours in his workshop. The young wife took (5) ... of their wonderful little house.
The young people lived happily. The sculptor’s works were getting better and better. Soon
there were so many of them that his little workshop couldn’t contain all the sculptures.
Then the young wife had an idea. She decided to (6) ... a museum of her husband’s
works of art. The house they lived in was (7) ... not far from the public park. So, on one
sunny summer day the citizens of the town were (8) ... with beautiful sculptures put all
over the park. Many people called those sculptures real (9) ... of art. Today the park that
(10) ... to the 18th century is one of the most famous.

1. a) had b) contained c) included d) created

2. a) put b) displayed c) showed d) made
3. a) exhibitions b) meetings c) visits d) places
4. a) items b) exhibits c) sculptures d) works
5. a) part b) care c) interest d) trouble
6. a) create b) organize c) make d) start
7. a) fixed b) moved c) situated d) placed
8. a) horrified b) interested c) shocked d) amazed
9. a) pleasure b) excitement c) masterpieces d) works
10. a) dates back b) comes c) returns d) lived

r
Useful Language
a
mind, to appeal, scenery, to allow, to stare
■

IIU IlIvTfU l V
%

J (J ) 1. No. 66 2. Ex. 2, 4, 6. ^ 3. Ex. 1 -4

4. Project Work: “My Favourite Museum”.

k©©©®[D

1. Look at one of the halls of the picture gallery and describe it using the words
below. W rite down your story in the exercise book.

■ to offer a lot of different exhibits

■ to contain paintings
■ to date back to
■ masterpieces of art
■ a way of self-expression
■ to appreciate
■ to master the skill of painting
■ to connect the past and the present
2. Say what you mind/don’t mind other people doing. Follow the given example.

I mind when people are noisy in the library but I don’t mind when people
talk to the librarian in a quiet voice.

J
• In the library
• In the gallery
• In the cinema hall
• At the theatre
• At the museum

3. a) Listen to the people sharing impressions about the places they have visited and
say what these places are. Use the list from Exercise 1.

b) Listen to the text again and say how the speakers felt after visiting different
places and why. Give examples.

4 . a) This is a piece of lecture of M r Hecksler, a famous expert in museums. Restore

his lecture by putting the sentences in the correct order.

1. More and more people nowadays are keen on history. It is important that museums
are becoming more appealing to young people because they are well equipped
with the latest devices and interactive exhibitions make history come alive with 3D
graphics.
2. If you forget something, a clever machine will give you correct answers and show
you the exhibits you don’t remember very well.
3. Most museums have several collections on display. For example, there is a Mummy
Hall in the British Museum as well as the ancient sculpture hall.
4. Make your choice!
5. As you can see, the image of museums as a boring place to visit is history now.
So, it’s time to choose the museum to visit.
6. There are many history museums all over the world. All of them differ a lot
depending on the subject of their collections.
7. What is also attractive in modern museums is that if you want to remember some
facts really well you don’t have to make notes in your notebook. You may do the
interactive quiz and see how well you remember the facts you have learned about.
b) Listen to M r Hecksler’s lecture and say why modern museums are getting more
and more popular among young people.

5. a) Listen to the words and learn to pronounce them.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art [.metrap'Dhtan ,mju:zi:am av 'cut]

Manhattan [maen'haetn]
Smithsonian Institution museums [smiG.saunian ,institju:Jh mju:'zi:amz]
Getty Centre, Los Angeles [,geti 'senta, Ids 'aencfcilirz]
Lake Michigan [,leik 'mijigan]
Lake Shore Drive [,leik /a: 'draiv]

b ) W ork in pairs. Use the information from the article below and say what
museum you will choose for a visit. Explain your choice.
 /Иап Cannot Live by Bread Alone

T h e M o s t F a m o u s M u s e u m s in th e XJS2K
The United States has around 17,000 museums which are popular with tourists for their
large collections and outstanding architecture. About 865 million people visit American
museums per year or 2.3 million per day. The following are America’s best museums:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, known as The Met, is one of the world’s
largest art galleries. It houses encyclopedic collections of musical instruments, ancient
weapons and costumes and accessories worldwide. The museum contains American
paintings and sculpture, Egyptian art, Greek and Roman art, European paintings, and
modern art.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art

The American Museum of Natural History established in 1869 is located on the Upper
West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The museum is well-known for its three large
dinosaur halls and an enormous blue whale. There are also over 30 million artifacts, lots
of taxidermy1, and interactive exhibits. The Museum sponsors more than 100 special field
expeditions every year.

The American Museum of Natural History

1l o t s o f t a x id e r m y ['t s e k s i, d 3 : m i] - м н о го ч у ч е л
=
01

Smithsonian Institution Museums (Washington, DC) house a breathtaking collection of

dinosaurs, a famous research centre, the 4 5-carat Hope Diamond, and the continent’s
only Da Vinci painting. Visitors can understand American, African, and American Indian
roots through relics at Smithsonian Institution Museums.

Getty Centre, Los Angeles, was opened on December 16, 1997. The museum houses
1 9th - and 20th-century American and European photographs, late 19th-century European
paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, and decorative arts. Getty Centre is renowned
for its architecture, gardens, and views overlooking Los Angeles.

The Field Museum of Natural History sits on Lake Shore Drive next to Lake Michigan.
The museum’s collection of biological, natural, and historic items is one of the largest and
finest with more than 20 million exhibits. The Field Museum moved to its current location
on the Campus in 1921.
 /Plan Cannot Live by Bread Alone

6. Role-play. The people in the photos are travelling around America. Consult them
on the museums to visit in America. Help them to plan their tour around the most
famous museums of America. Use Exercise 5 for information.

• Jack • Mary
• 12 years old к щЛ .ш • 13 years old • 14 years old
1
"лк. ** • A fan of prehistoric • Keen on decorative arts К J Я • Believes in mystery
Jpi animals and ancients manuscripts k- ' and loves jewellery

П
• Ben • John
• 17 years old • 27 years old
• Interested in the life of ancient • Takes up photography of cities
tribes and towns as a hobby

ill
ll
Helen
30 years old
A talented artist
• Mr Hill
• 38 years old
• A famous
archaeologist
• Miss Collins
• 26 years old
• A Green Peace
activist

7. Work in pairs. You and your friend are making plans of visiting the most exciting
exhibition. Look at the options, discuss them with your friend and make your
choice.

Don’t forget
• to be polite
• to react to your friend’s ideas
• discuss the advantages and disadvantages of every option using the information in
the chart
• make a decision

► Exhibition of Leonardo da Vinci paintings In the National Gallery, London

• Tickets - $75
• Tickets are difficult to get
• Crowds of people
• A rare chance to see a big collection of art masterpieces
• A lot of journalists
• International TV channels reporters
• A lot of security

► The Metropolitan Museum

• The last day of a special exhibition of ancient Greek and Roman weapons
• Tickets - $20
• No queue1

► The British Museum

• A famous Mummy hall
• Special discount for tourists under 18
• Tickets $10
• Free audio guide

1queue [kju:] - очередь

 ► The Tretyakov Gallery
• A unique collection of Levitan’s paintings
• Long queues
• Crowded halls
• Tickets $10

Hom ework
" 1. Ex. 1, 4a ^ 2. Ex. 1 -4

3. Project Work. “My Favourite Museum”.

Choose one of the museums you like best, use the
Internet sites for information and present the museum
to your classmates.
_______________________________________________________ /

t©©@®m
1. Project Work. “My Favourite Museum” Choose one of the museums you like best,
use the Internet sites for information and present the museum to your classmates.

2. Look at the list of the screen shots and discuss the questions.

• Do you know the names of the films?

• What kind of films are they? Choose from the words in a box.
• What types of films do you like best? Why?
(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
thriller ■ western ■ horror ■ romance ■ musical ■ fiction/fantasy ■ cartoon
■ adventure film

A
_________________________________________ /Plan Cannot Live by Bread /Hone

3. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

stunt [sunt] n: an exciting action, usually in a film, that is dangerous or appears dangerous
and usually needs to be done by someone skilled-. It’s a typical action film with plenty of
spectacular stunts. Tom Cruise has performed his own stunts for “Mission Impossible 2 ”.
stunt man/woman: a man or woman who performs stunts, especially instead of an actor
in a film or television programme: / admire film stars who do their own stunts instead of
getting stunt men perform for them.
flashback [‘flaejbaek] n\ a short part of a film, story or play that goes back to events in
the past: The novel began with a flashback to the hero’s experiences in the war.
close-up shot: a camera shot taken at a very short distance from the subject, to get
a close and detailed view of an object or action: / prefer films to plays because you can
have close-up shots o f the actors.
row [гэи] n: a line of things, people, animals, etc. arranged next to each other in the theatre:
a row of houses/books/plants/people/horses. We had seats in the front/back row of the
theatre.
special effect: an unusual piece of action in a film, or an entertainment on a stage,
created by using particular equipment: The film’s special effects are amazing.
outstanding [aut'staenduj] adj: excellent; clearly very much better than what is usual: an
outstanding performance/writer/novel/year. It's an area of outstanding natural beauty.
breathtaking ['breG.teikuj] a dj: extremely exciting, beautiful or surprising: The view from
the top of the mountain is breathtaking. His performance is described in the paper as
breathtaking.
setting ['setuj] n\ the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc.
happens: The play has its setting in a wartime prison camp.

4. Complete the text with the words in the box.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
flashback ■ close-up shots ■ outstanding ■ breathtaking ■ special effects
■ stunt ■ row ■ setting ■ happy ending
______________________________________ _____________________________________

1. Most people find films with lots of ... very confusing — it’s hard to follow the plot.
2. I think that ... in modern films are much better than in older ones because modern
technologies and equipment are so much advanced nowadays.
3. ... perform instead of actors because some tricks are very dangerous.
4. The 3D ... in the films are so ... that it’s hard to believe this is virtual reality.
5. The first ... doesn’t appeal to some people in the cinema hall. They find these places
most uncomfortable.
6. The beauty of the ... in the film is ... .
7. It is hardly possible to believe in a ... of this film judging by its review.

5. Work in pairs. Think of the film you have seen recently and share your
impressions about it by answering the questions.

1. What is the title of the film?

2. Who starred in the film?
3. Choose a word to describe the acting — realistic, terrible, average, excellent.
4. Where was it set?
5. Choose a word to describe the setting — unusual, excellent, frightening.
6. What is the plot of the film about?
7. Choose a word to describe the plot — exciting, boring, sad, funny.
8. How would you characterize the film — outstanding, good, nice, not very good, terrible?
6. Share your impressions of the film you have recently seen with your classmate. Use
Exercise 5 as a plan. Follow the example.

'— -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I have recently seen a film under the title “Avatar”. I find this film absolutely
outstanding. The plot of the film is unusual and exciting. The setting is unusual,
too - some unknown planet with a strange but kind nation living in the jungle.
The acting was brilliant. The special effects were fantastic. There were a lot of
flashbacks and a lot of close-up shots of the actors. There were lots of stunts
and it was breathtaking. The film had a happy ending. I admire the producer of
“Avatar”. He is the greatest director alive today!

7. Read the questions Nick asked his friend John after watching a new film and
report them to your classmate. Use the words asked, wanted to know, wondered
to report the questions. W rite the sentences down in your exercise book.

'— ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Does the film have a happy ending?

Nick asked John if the film had a happy ending.
_________________________________________________________________________________ 4

1. Did you sit in the front row of the cinema hail?

2. Does the film have a happy ending?
3. Did the director use many special effects in the film?
4. Is there an actor in the film who does his own stunts instead of getting a stuntman
to do them.
5. Are there any flashbacks in the film?
6. Does the director use many or just a few close-up shots of the actors?
7. Have you ever heard about the director of this film before?
8. Are you going to read a book the film is based on after watching it?
9. Have you got this film on a DVD disk?
10. Will you recommend this film to your parents?
11. Have you bought tickets for another film yet?

8. a) Read the first part of the story “The Green Door” and guess what the words on
the card might mean.

The G reen D oor

(A fter O. Henry)
Part I
Rudolf Steiner was a true adventurer. Few were the evenings on which he did not go
out from his tiny apartment in search of adventures. The most interesting thing in life
seemed to him to be what might lie just around the next corner. Sometimes his desire
for adventures \ed him into strange paths.
One evening Rudolf was walking along a crosstown street in the older central part of the
city. There were crowds of people at this evening hour. Some of them were hurrying home
while others, just like Rudolf, went out to enjoy all sorts of entertainments. The young
adventurer was a handsome man. He worked as a salesman in a piano store. During his
 /Plan Cannot Live by Bread Alone

walk the electric letters of a dentist’s sign high above

one of the doors. A giant Negro, fantastically dressed
in a red coat, yellow trousers and a military cap,
attracted his attention. The Negro was handing out
cards to those of the passing crowd who was ready
to take them. This was a popular way of dentistic
advertising and was a common sight to Rudolf. Usually
he passed people who handed out dentist’s cards
without looking; but tonight the African slipped one
into his hand so quickly that he had nothing to do but
to take it. When he had travelled a few yards further,
he glanced at the card without interest. Surprised, he
turned it over and looked again with interest. One side
of the card was blank; on the other three words were
written in ink, “The Green Door.” And then Rudolf saw,
three steps in front of him, a man throw down the
card the Negro had given him as he passed. Rudolf o. Henry
picked it up. It was printed with the dentist’s name ---------------------------------------------- %
and address. The adventurous piano salesman stopped
at the corner, then he crossed the street, walked down a block, turned back and joined
the crowd of people again. Without seeming to notice the Negro as he passed the second
time, he carelessly took the card that was handed to him. Ten steps away he inspected
it. In the same handwriting that appeared on the first card “The Green Door” was written
upon it. Three or four cards thrown by people were on the asphalt. The cards fell blank
side up1. Rudolf turned them over. And again they were just the dentist’s cards. Rudolf felt
sure it was a special sign for him. Whatever the mysterious written words on the cards
might mean, the Negro had selected him twice from the crowd.

b) Think of what will happen to Rudolf next.

1. Rudolf will be invited to work as 001 Agent.
2. Rudolf will get into a trap.
3. Rudolf will prevent the murder.
4. Rudolf will be played a joke on by his friends.
5. (your own idea).

u sem i Language
а flashback, a close-up shot, outstanding,
breathtaking, a special effect, a stunt, a row,
a setting
--

Homework
1. Ex. 3, 7 2. Ex. 1-4
]
1fell blank side up - упали обратной стороной вверх

%
Л 85
t©@©®m Ш
i
1» a) John Peters is going to take an interview from Tom Cruise, a famous American
actor. Read the list of questions he has prepared for the interview and report them.

b) W rite down the reported questions in your exercise book.

1. Were you bom in America?
2. Did you dream of becoming an actor at the school age?
3. Do you have good memories about the school you went to?
4. Is it hard for you to learn the roles by heart?
5. Was it difficult to get ready for the stunts in “ Mission Impossible”?
6. Is the Academy Award an important prize for an actor?
7. Can you think of one of the happiest moments in your life?
8. Are you going to voice any cartoon in the near future?

2 . a) Listen to the words and learn to pronounce them.

Syracuse, New York, USA ['sirokjixs ,nju; 'jo:к ju: ,es 'ei]
Thomas Cruise Mapother IV [,tD m o s ,kru:z шэ'рэивэ]
Franciscan seminary [frasn.siskon ’seminori]
New Jersey [,nju: 'c^sizi]
Dyslexia [di'sleksio]
Jerry Maguire [.cfeeri mo'gwaio]
Suri ['suori]
Academy Award Nomination [o.kaedemi o,wo:d nmru'neijh]

b) Listen to Tom Cruise’s biography and learn the answers

to the questions from Exercise 1.

3. Hercule Poirot [,eokju:l 'pwairou) is a fictional Belgian detective created by A g a th a

Christie. Along with M iss M arple, Poirot is one of Christie’s most famous and
long-lived characters, appearing in 33 novels and 51 short stories published
between 1920 and 1975. Poirot has been portrayed on radio, on screen, for films
and television, by various actors but the most outstanding acting was performed
by D avid Suchet. In one of the novels Hercule Poirot investigates a very strange
jewellery shop robbery. Report his questions to the shop owner.

? О
7*
О
1. What’s your name?
2. How many robbers broke into the shop?
3. Did you see their faces?
4. What were they wearing?
5. What jewellery did they take?
6. Has your shop ever been robbed before?
7. Where is the key to the shop kept?
8. How do you imagine they got in?
_________________________________________ /Иan Cannot Live by Bread /Hone

4. Report what actors say about their working schedule. W rite down the sentences in
your exercise book.

1. My working day lasted ten hours yesterday because we had to wait for the equipment
arrival.
2. I am having an interview for a new role in Steven Spielberg film tomorrow.
3. I have had three meetings with reporters of the most popular magazines this week.
4. I have been preparing for my own stunt for more than a week now because they
involve a lot of expensive special effects.
5. The make-up procedure took me three hours two days ago because they were going to
make a lot of close-up shots.
6. Now that the director decided on the film setting our cinema group will start working.
7. I adore old films. These are the films that give me pleasant flashbacks.

5. Read a brief Cameron Diaz’s biography. Put the verbs in Past Simple
and Present Perfect.

In recent years Cameron Diaz (to become) one of Hollywood’s most outstanding
young actresses. Cameron (to begin) her career as a model when she was
sixteen and (to spend) five years travelling around the world. She (not to like)
being a model and (to get) a small role in The Mask with Jim Carrey. Since then,
she (to be) in several films and she (to turn) from model to actress successfully.
She (to perform) with actors like Keanu Reeves and Harvey Keitel.

6. a) Tell your classmate what you learned about Cameron Diaz. Use Exercise 5. W hen
reporting use the indirect speech rules.

I learned that Cameron Diaz had become one of Hollywood’s most outstanding
young actresses in recent years.
____________________________________________________________________________ >

b ) Report Cameron Diaz’s biography in writing.

7. How do you understand the expression a hand o f fate? Read the definition and
think of some life examples.

Fate is a power that is considered to cause and control all events, so that people cannot
change or control the way things will happen.
When we met again by chance, she said, “It must be a hand o f fate.”

8. Read the end of the story “The Green Door” by O. Henry about Rudolf and answer
the question: Do you believe in the hand of fate?

Part II
Standing aside from the crowd, the young man looked around at the row of the
buildings in which he was sure his adventure must lie. One five-story building with a small
restaurant on the ground floor caught his sight.
After some moments of thinking Rudolf entered the building and quickly went to the top floor.
There he stopped, looked around and then walked straight to the green door and knocked
against it. A little noise was heard inside, and the door slowly opened. A girl not yet twenty
stood there, white-faced and shaking. She looked into Rudolf’s eyes and fainted. Rudolf
caught her and laid her on a little sofa that stood against the wall. He closed the door and
took a quick glance around the room. Neat, but extreme poverty1 was the story that he read.

87
 \

The girl lay still with her eyes closed. He began to fan1 2 her with his hat. That was
successful, because she opened her eyes. And then the young man saw beautiful grey
eyes, the little nose, curly brown hair. This was a great reward of all his wonderful
adventures. But the face was awfully thin and pale.
The girl looked at him calmly, and then smiled.
"Fainted, didn’t I?” she asked, weakly. “Well, who wouldn’t? You try going without anything
to eat for three days and see!’’
“Oh!” exclaimed Rudolf, jumping up. “Wait till I come back.”
He ran out the green door anddown the stairs. In twenty minutes he was back again,
kicking at the door with his toe for her to open it. On the table he laid bread and butter
meat, cakes, pies, pickles, oysters, a roasted chicken, a bottle of milk and one of red hot tea.
“This is ridiculous,” said Rudolf, “to go without eating. You must stop doing it. Supper is
ready.” He helped her to a chair at the table and asked: “ Is there a cup for the tea?”
“On the shelf by the window,” she answered.
“ Drink that first,” he ordered, “and then you shall have some tea, and then a chicken
wing. And now, if you’ll allow me to be your guest, we’ll have supper.”
He took another chair. The tea brightened the girl’s eyes and brought back some of her
colour. After eating some chicken wings and drinking some more tea she began to tell
him her little story. It was one of a thousand such as the city witnesses3 every day - the
shop girl’s story of little money, of time lost through illness, and then of lost positions,
lost hope, and the knock of the adventurer upon the green door.
But to Rudolf the history sounded as a big story.
“To think of you going through all that,” he exclaimed.
“It was something awful,” said the girl, sadly.
“And you have no relatives or friends in the city?”
“None whatever.”
“I am all alone in the world, too,” said Rudolf, after a pause.
“I am glad of that,” said the girl, all of a sudden; and somehow it pleased the young
man to hear that she approved of him being alone.
Very suddenly the girl sighed deeply. “I’m awfully sleepy,” she said, “and I feel so good.”
Then Rudolf rose and took his hat. “I’ll say good-night. A long night’s sleep will be fine
for you.”
He held out his hand, and she took it and said good-night. “But I’m coming back
tomorrow to see how you are getting along. You can’t get rid of me so easily.”
Then, at the door, as though the way of his coming had been so much less important
than the fact that he had come, she asked: “ How did you come to knock at my door?"
He looked at her for a moment, remembering the cards, and quickly he decided that she
must never know the truth. “One of our piano makers lives in this house,” he said. “I
knocked on your door by mistake.”
The last thing he saw in the room before the green door closed was her smile. At
the head of the stairway he paused and looked curiously about him. And then he went
along the hallway to its other end; and, coming back, went one floor down and continued
his puzzled explorations. Every door that he found in the house was painted green.
Thinking of such a strange coincidence4, he went outside. The fantastic African was
still there. Rudolf came to him with his two cards in his hand.
"Will you tell me why you gave me these cards and what they mean?” he asked.
In a broad, good-natured smile the Negro exhibited a splendid advertisement of his
master’s profession.

1neat, but extrem e poverty — опрятная, но крайняя бедность

2to fan - обмахивать
3 to witness [witnas] - стать свидетелем
4 coincidence [kau'insidans] - совпадение

88

h
 /Иап Cannot Live by Bread /llone

“Over there, boss," he said, pointing down the street. “But, I am afraid, you are a little
late for the first act.”
Looking the way he pointed Rudolf saw above the entrance to a theatre the shining
electric sign of its new play, “The Green Door.”
“I’m informed that it’s the first-rate show, sir”, said the Negro. “The theatre agent asked
me to hand a few of his cards along with the doctor’s and promised me a dollar”.
At the corner of the block in which he lived Rudolf stopped for a glass of beer and
a cigar in a restaurant. When he had come out of the restaurant half an hour later, he
pushed back his hat and said loudly into the air, “All the same, I believe it was the hand
of fate that had pointed out the way for me to find her.”

9. Complete the sentences choosing the right variants.

1 The girl fainted because ...

a) she was frightened.
b) she saw Rudolf.
c) she hadn’t eaten for three days.
2 Rudolf ran out to buy food only because ...
a) he knew that people should help sick people.
b) he fell in love with the girl.
c) he wanted to have lunch with the girl.
3 Rudolf learned that ...
a) the girl was very unhappy and lonely in the city.
b) the girl had lost her job.
c) the girl was very poor.
4 Rudolf fell in love with the girl because ...
a) the girl was beautiful.
b) the girl needed someone to support and protect her.
c) Rudolf was as lonely in a big city as that girl.
5 Rudolf believed that he had met the girl he fell in love with because ...
a) it was a hand of fate.
b) it was the most unusual coincidence.
c) it was a silly mistake of the Negro who just mixed up different cards for handing
out.

10. Turn the episode in bold (exercise 8) into the reported speech and write it down in
your exercise book.

Useful Language !
the hand of fate
1 У

Homework(
1. Ex. 4, 10 Ex. 1 -4
J
1. a) Listen to the dialogue and fill in the missing words. Say who Pete’s favourite
actress is. Explain his choice.

Mike: I’ve read an interesting article about the top 10 actors of the 21stcentury. My
favourite actor Will Smith is on the list. Who is the actor or actress that you
admire?
Peter: I ... Angelina Jolie. She is the one of the few actresses that ... to me.
Mike: What makes you think so, I wonder?
Pete: I think she is one of the most ... actresses of the 21st century.
Mike: What are your reasons to say so?
Pete: First of all, she is a ... actress. Second of all, Angelina is good-natured and kind-
hearted. Besides, Angelina cares for children and does a lot for charity. Finally,
she doesn’t suffer from ... disease and is always ready to ... common people.
Personally, I think Angelina Jolie’s life is a good example of how talent and a
kind heart can make this world a ... place to live in.
Mike: I see what you mean. Angelina Jolie appeals to me, too. Who is next on your list,
Pete?
b) Report the dialogue.

2. a) Work in pairs and tell your classmate about an actor/actress that appeals to
you most.

b) W rite 6—8 sentences about your favourite actor or actress.

I admire Nicole Kidman. I think she is one of the most outstanding actresses of
the 21st century. First of all, she is a talented actress. Second of all, she is very
intelligent and extremely good-looking. Besides. Nicole has a sense of humour
and she is easy to get along with. Finally, she does a lot for charity and takes
part in Nature protection programmes. Personally. I think Nicole Kidman’s life is a
good example of how strong will and talent can do wonders.

3. a) Listen to and then read out loud two poems and say what theme unites them.

A. If your friend just became a man,

Not a friend, not a foe, - just so,
If you^really can’t tell from the start,
If he’s strong in his heart, -
To the peaks take this man - don’t fret!
Do not leave him alone, on his own,
Let him share the same view with you -
Then you’ll know if he’s true.
B. My friends light up the candles for me still,
And in the smoke, your image is outlined,
But I don’t want to know that time will heal,
That everything will pass away with time.
_________________________________________ M an Cannot Line by Bread Alone

b) Read the information about the author of these poems and say what made him
one of the most appealing actors of the Soviet Union.

V la d im ir V y s o t s k y
Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (January 25, 1938 - July 25, 1980) was a great Russian
singer, songwriter, poet, and actor who had influenced Russian culture. The talent of
Vladimir Vysotsky is often described by the word "bard” that got a special meaning in
the Soviet Union. Though Vysotsky thought of himself mainly as an actor and writer, he
achieved a remarkable fame during his lifetime, and to this day has a significant influence
on many of Russia’s popular musicians and actors.
Vladimir Vysotsky was born in Moscow. His father was an army officer and his mother
translated from and into German. In 1955 Vladimir entered the Moscow Institute of Civil
Engineering, but dropped out after just one semester to start an acting career. In 1959
he began acting at the Alexander Pushkin Theatre, Moscow, where he played mostly small
parts. In 1964, on invitation from director Yuri Lubimov, he joined the popular Moscow
Theatre of Drama and Comedy on Taganka. At the same time, Vladimir Semyonovich also
appeared in several films, which featured a few of his songs, e.g. Vertikal (“The Vertical”),
a film about mountain climbing. Most of Vysotsky’s work from that period, however, did
not get official recognition and therefore no contracts from Melodiya, the monopolist of
the Soviet recording industry. Nevertheless, his popularity
continued to grow, his music became available to the
masses in the form of home-made audio tape recordings,
and later on cassette tapes. He became known for his
unique singing style and for his lyrics, which gave social
and political commentary in a humorous way. His lyrics
appealed to millions of the Soviet people in every corner
of the country; his songs were sung at house parties and
amateur concerts.
In 1992 the State Cultural Centre and Museum of
Vladimir Vysotsky was opened in Moscow. The exhibition
is devoted to the life and creativity of Vysotsky, numerous
exhibits represent the whole epoch the poet lived in.

4. Choose the correct answer to the following statements according to the information
from Exercise 3b.

1 Vladimir Vysotsky didn’t think about acting career when he finished school,
a) True b) False c) Not stated
2 He began acting in the films first,
a) True b) False c) Not stated
3 He became the playwright at the Taganka Theatre in 1964.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
4 Vladimir Semyonovich had many recordings of his songs thanks to Melodiya.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
5 Vysotsky’s poetry appealed to people as it was humorous,
a) True b) False c) Not stated

91
5. Read the review on one of the most popular Soviet films and ask five questions for
more information. W rite the questions down in your exercise book.

"A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines” is a western comedy film of 1987.
It is particularly unusual in the Soviet cinema for two reasons: first, it was directed by one
of the few female directors, Alla Surikova, and second, it was a rare post-modernism approach.
The film was a box office leader1 of the Soviet cinematography in 1987 and had 60
million viewers.
The plot involves the arrival of Mr Johnny First (the last role of Andrey Mironov) in
a sleepy “Wild West” town. After Mr First starts showing the residents silent films with
Charlie Chaplin, the town’s wild inhabitants are tamed by the images on the silver screen.
Beautiful dancer Diane falls in love with Mr. First, and so he ends up making a few
enemies, including Diane’s many other admirers and the barman who is threatened by the
new competition for “entertainment”.
The film is a comedy on the wild west myth.

6. W rite a review on your favourite film. Follow the plan.

JittllftftttJiflJIM M JIM ilttttiftil

Plan
1. The title of the film; its genre; what it is based on
(the story, the author);
2. the country and the company which produced the film;
3. the year and starring actors;
4. the plot of the film;
5. what appeals in it; makes it special and unusual.

7. W ork in groups. Discuss the topic “W hat Makes a Film a Success” in your group
and write down the three most important points on the subject. Then exchange your
opinions with other groups.

U A m a ti/A i* L
■i v m ^ n v i w \
и 1. Write a composition “What Makes a film a Success”.
Write 1 5 0 -1 8 0 words.
2. Ex. 1 -4
‘ У

Lesson 80 Project Work

Lesson 81 Test 5

1a box o ffice leader — лидер проката

NATIONAL EXAM TRAINING
Lesson 82
Part 1. Listening
T ask 1 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Вы услышите 5 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями
каждого говорящего 1—5 и утверждениями, данными в списке A —F. Используйте
каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В
задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу.

A “Lights of New York” was the first full-length all-talking film.

В “War and Peace” is a masterpiece of Soviet cinematography.
C The first motion picture was presented by the Lumiere brothers.
D The American company “Warner Brothers” introduced the first talking picture.
E The Lumiere brothers showed a 20-m inute programme of short films.
F “The Battleship Potemkin” and “Alexander Nevsky” were the first Soviet feature films.

Говорящий 1 2 3 4 5

Утверждение

T ask 2 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Вы услышите разговор двух людей. В заданиях А1—А6 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

А1 1 2 3
A2 1 2 3
АЗ 1 2 3
А4 1 2 3
А5 1 2 3
А6 1 2 3

А1 The British are great readers.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 Every year people borrow 60 million library books.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3 The English read more books than the Scots.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4 Cambridge University Press publishes scientific books.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5 Cambridge University Press has two world’s biggest shops.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 Julie loves Agatha Christie’s books.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Part 2. Reading
T ext 1 ________________
Прочитайте текст. Установите соответствие между заголовками A —F и
пронумерованными абзацами текста 1—5. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу.
Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

A. A Rich Trading Place D. Alive History of England

B. The Ancient and the Modern Go together E. The Heart of the City
C. A River Cruise F. Three Popular History Museums

W elco m e -to York

1. York, surrounded by ancient walls, is loved by visitors from around the world. This city,
built layer by layer since Roman times, has a rich history. When you walk along narrow
streets you see beautiful old houses. For a wider view you can walk the city walls.
The historic beauty is matched by 21st-century comforts - shops, theatres, cinemas,
galleries, bookshops and cafes. York is not a large city and visitors soon find their way
around, enjoying both the ancient and the modern side by side.
2. The Romans, the Vikings and the Normans, all made York their northern capital. For
hundreds of years it was England’s second city with a rich port. The Romans built
defensive walls and fortresses around the city. Constantine the Great became the first
Christian emperor of Rome in York. There is a monument to him there. About 450
years after the Romans left England the Vikings came. They called the city Yorvik.
3. Then came William the Conqueror in 1068. He built himself a grand castle and the first
Norman stone cathedral, the Minster of York, on the foundations of earlier churches.
By the 18th century York had become a large and busy market town. After the arrival
of the railway and two chocolate companies in the 19th century, the city became very
rich. Nowadays York's long history can be seen in the ancient buildings and streets of
the town.
4. In the centre of York there is St Helen’s Square. St Helen was the mother of Constantine
the Great. A church named after her is situated in the square. Another attractive sight
in York is Mansion House built between 1725 and 1730. Lord Mayor still lives there.
There is a fine collection of silver, clocks and furniture in the building. It’s open for
public two days a week.
5. William Shakespeare’s Richard III was a cruel English king. Visiting the Richard III
museum in York people can learn more about the king and about the years of the
Red and White Roses’ War. In the old castle Britain’s most popular folk museum is
situated. It was started by a local doctor who collected everyday things which people
used in their household in the middle of the 20th century. The early history of the
Vikings is represented in Jorvik Viking Centre. In the late 1970s archeologists couldn’t
believe their eyes when they discovered a beautifully preserved Viking street. Now you
can see it yourself travelling in a time car that takes you back through centuries to
the Viking City as it was one day in AD 975.

1 2 3 4 5
 National Exam Training

Text 2

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1—

А6 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 —
False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть, на основании текста нельзя дать ни
положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — N ot stated).

A1 1 2 3

A2 1 2 3

A3 1 2 3

A4 1 2 3

A5 1 2 3

A6 1 2 3

B len h eim P a la c e
John Churchill was born on 24th June 1650. His mother was Elizabeth Drake, a relative
of sir Francis Drake. His father was Winston Churchill. John Churchill had a successful
military career. In the wars of the 17th century, British soldiers fought against French
troops in many battles. Years later the French became John Churchill’s worst enemy.

John met and married Sarah Jennings, who was a close friend of Princess Anne, the
daughter of King James II. Their friendship lasted many years. When Princess Anne became
Queen, she made her old friend John Churchill Supreme Commander of her armies and
gave him the title of Duke of Marlborough. At that time a war broke out in Europe, as
French king Louis XIV wanted to take control of the Spanish throne and make France the
most powerful country in Europe. The French army had never lost a single battle over
forty years of fighting. But British soldiers under the leadership of Duke of Marlborough
defeated it at the Battle of Blenheim in 1704.

This victory saved Europe from French domination and Queen Anne was very happy.
She gave her famous general a gift - the royal land near Oxford. Soon the building of a
splendid palace was begun. It was named Blenheim Palace after the victory at Blenheim.
The palace was finally completed in 1744.

Nowadays Blenheim Palace is a wonderful museum. The dramatic moments in history

are brought to life here by talking portraits and ghostly figures. They tell stories of the
family and servants over the last 300 years. Visitors can join guided tours to the state
rooms decorated with priceless portraits and wonderful carpets. Tours of the apartments,
where the family still lives, are available during the summer months.

There is so much to see in parks and gardens that surround Blenheim Palace. The 4 1-
metre-high "Column of Victory” stands in the park. It was put there by Duchess Sarah in
1730. On the top there is a statue of the 1st Duke.

A1 Queen Anne gave John Churchill the title of Duke of Marlborough.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 Tours of the apartments where the family still lives are not available.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Un i t
5
A3 John Churchill’s father was a relative of the Duke of Wellington.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4 Queen Anne presented John Churchill with a piece of royal land.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Д5 In the parks and gardens around Blenheim Palace there are Water Terraces, an
Italian Garden and the Grand cascade.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 “Column of Victory” was put in the park by Duchess Sarah.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Lesson 83
Part 3. The Use o f English

1. Read the text below. Put the words given in capitals in the correct form.

In the Hollywood Walk Of Fame there are “stars” (1) ... to the BELONG
people who made Hollywood great: from the (2) ... film stars of SILENCE
the past to the modern (3) ... of today’s blockbusters. These SELEBRATE
“stars” honour not only film actors, but radio, TV and stage PERFORM
(4) ... , directors, singers, songwriters and other well-known (5) ... . PERSONAL
It has become (6) ... for fans to place flowers on the “star” of a TRADITION
celebrity who had just died. Sometimes “stars” even (7) ... as a SERVANT
gathering place for fans.

2. Read the text below and complete it with the words in the correct grammar form.

Mr Gable is a young actor. He (1) ... Drama School two years ago. FINISH
Since then, he (2) ... only in one TV film. He never (3) ... a chance ACT/HAVE
to get a part in a full-length film. But yesterday he (4) ... to a INVITE
film studio to meet a famous director. The director (5) ... that he MENTION
(6) ... the TV film in which Mr Gable (7) ... a part. He said that WATCH/HAVE
Mr Gable (8) ... perfect for the role in his new film. BE

Part 4. W riting
(Cl)
You have received a letter from your English-speaking friend, Susan.

... Last week I was at the theatre where I saw a musical "Sounds
of Music". You know I'm keen on musicals. I even convinced my
friend, who is not a theatre goer, to join me. The performance
appealed to her as well. The plot was catching and the singing of
the actors was breathtaking. Do you like musicals? How often do
you go to the theatre? What was the last performance you saw?

W rite her a letter and answer her 3 questions.

W rite 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
_____ ______________________________________________________________________ National Exam Training

Lesson 84
Part 5. Speaking
На карточке представлены два задания для устного ответа:
С2 — тематическое монологическое высказывание;
СЗ — диалог.

T ask 1 _________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________

(С 2 ) S tu d e n t C ard
Give a talk on your favourite book.
Remember to say:
• what you know about the author;
• who the main characters are;
• what the plot is about;
• why you like this book.
You have to talk for 1.5-2 minutes. The teacher w ill listen until you have finished.
Then she/he will ask you some questions.

T ask 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
(C 3 ) S tu d e n t C ard (2 -3 m in u te s)
You and your friend are discussing what performance your class w ill stage for a school
competition. There are several options to choose from:

• a drama; • a musical;
• a comedy; • a historical play.
Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you both like most of all.
You begin the conversation. The teacher w ill play the part of your friend.
Remember to

• be active and polite;

• find out the attitude of your friend and take it into account;
• discuss all the options;
• give good reasons;
• come to an agreement.

Lessons 85, 86 Hom e R e a d in g

1- Look at the photos and say if you would choose one of these careers for yourself.
Why? W hy not?
 In Doing We Learn

2. a) Listen to Steve Murphy and say what kind of job Steve does. Fill in the chart in
your Workbook with details from Steve’s life.

b) Does Steve Murphy’s career appeal to you? Why? W h y not?

3. Put the professions in the correct columns of the chart in your Workbook. Consult
the dictionary to learn the meanings of the professions or guess their meanings.

The office professions The creative professions The caring professions

r architect ■ firefighter ■ designer ■ nurse ■ surgeon ■ politician ■ miner

■ sales manager ■ a sports coach ■ teacher ■ magazine editor ■ computer
programmer ■ electrician ■ plumber ■ tourist guide ■ engineer ■ secretary
■ tax inspector ■ receptionist ■ a stuntman/woman

There are two professions ... whose practitioners are never satisfied
with what they do: dentists and photographers. Each dentist would
like to be a doctor and every photographer would like to be
a painter.
(Pablo Picasso)

4. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

career [кэ'пэ] n\ an occupation or profession, especially one that needs special training:
to make a career. The career of a lawyer appealed to him.
hesitate ['hezi,teit] v : to pause before you do or say something, often because you are
uncertain or nervous about it If you need anything, don’t hesitate to call me.
involve [in'vDlv] v : to include someone or something in an activity: The accident involved
two cars and a truck. The job involves a lot of creativity.
ambition [sem'bijn] n : a strong desire for success, achievement, power, or wealth: His
presidential ambitions were frustrated in the 1980s. His ambition to be the first in
everything won him a reputation.
require [ri'kwais] v : to need something, or to make something necessary: If you require
assistance with your bags, I’ll be glad to get someone to help you. This game requires
total concentration.
requirement [ri'kwaiomont] n\ something needed or necessary: Previous experience is one
of the requirements for the job.
capable ['keipabl] adj\ having the skill or ability or strength to do something: She’s a
very capable lawyer.
promotion [pra'moujn] n: the advancement of someone to a more important rank or
position; to gain a promotion She’s been recommended for a promotion from the position
of a teacher to the position of a director.
regret [ri'gret] v : to feel sorry or sad that something has happened: / regret that I will
not be able to join you on such an important day. I don’t regret moving to York. I deeply
regret what has happened - there is no excuse for it. I regret to inform you that you
have not been chosen for this role.
fflmBG

5. Word Building, a) Remember:

noun verb adjective adverb

hesitation to hesitate hesitant hesitantly

involvement to involve involved -

promotion to promote promotional —

promoter
regret to regret regretful regretfully

ambition — ambitious ambitiously

requirement to require — —

b) Change the words to complete the sentences. INVOLVE

AMBITION
1. The problem requires the ... of the government.
2. His ... plan made him work hard. REGRET
3. Meg sounded ... when she spoke about the latest news. PROMOTE
4. It is not allowed to make a ... of tobacco products. HESITATION
5. Mother never ... to tell me when I look tired.
REQUIREMENT
6. Working with these children ... much patience.

6. Complete the sentences about jobs with the words in a box.

promotion ■ requirements ■ hesitate ■ ambitious ■ regret ■ capable ■ suit

■ involve ■ career
______ ___________________________________________________________________>

1. Why do ... people aim at bright careers?

2. What ... must a man meet to work in the police?
3. Why do so many young people ... while choosing a career?
4. Is Ann ... of doing much more creative work?
5. What career type ... him best?
6. What does the profession of a journalist ... ?
7. I don’t want ... in my profession after so many years.
8. I don’t think that the ... of a clown attracts me.
9. She can’t expect any ... without a higher education degree.

7. Do the Personality Quiz and learn what career you are most suited for.

Are you a sociable person?

1 You’ve just joined the Drama Club. Do you

a) stand at the back and hesitate not knowing what to do? You definitely feel
uncomfortable.
b) stand in the middle and say hello to the person next to you?
c) join the big group at the front and start chatting?

100
 In Doing We Learn

2 You’ve been invited to the award ceremony but your best friend has fallen ill. Do you
a) stay at home? No chances to go without him.
b) call the person you got acquainted with just yesterday?
c) go to the party alone - no regrets! Anyway, it’s fun meeting people.
Are you a leader or a team player?
3 You’ve been asked to do the house cleaning on a nice sunny Sunday day. Do you
a) refuse?
b) have to agree but do just a little bit of cleaning and then turn on the TV-set for
your favourite programme?
c) wake up early in the morning and start from the mess in your own room?
^ You are working in one of the coffee-shops as a part-time job to earn some pocket
money. Your manager is off sick. Do you
a) hesitate and wait for someone to tell you what to do?
b) make a list of the jobs to be done and share them among all the staff and
yourself?
c) tell the others to do the work while you are thinking what to do?
Are you quick to adapt to changes?
5 You and your friends are going on holidays. What do you find exciting to do?
a) Go camping in the nearby area.
b) A journey to the sea with a lot of events and a lot of nightlife.
c) You plan to visit as many countries as possible.
6 Which of the following statements describe you best?
a) There is nothing better than a quiet day at home.
b) You are looking for new exciting things in your life. At the same time, you are so
frightened of changes.
c) You are looking forward to adventures and you are ready to take up any activity.
7 Which of the things appeal to you most of all?
a) Shopping for the latest brand clothes.
b) A walk in the fields on a bright sunny day.
c) Decorating your bedroom wall with paintings of your own.
Score your points
A = 5 points
В = 10 points
C = 15 points
Look at the results and say if you agree with them or not.

Are you a sociable person?

10 points - You would be happy working on your own. You are not the one to burn with
ambition.
1 5 -2 0 points - You are a very sociable person. You’ve got great communication skills. A
career which involves meeting people is right for you.
2 5 -3 0 points - You are an extremely sociable person. Jobs in the Media business suit
you best. You are confident and capable of making decisions without hesitation.
Are you a leader or a team player?
10 points - It is important for you to come out of the crowd and develop team work
skills. You don’t have many chances if you are not capable of working in a team.

101
 1 5 -2 0 points - Doing the work in a team makes you happy. So you will be suited for
the job that requires team skills.
2 5 -3 0 points - You may be called a natural leader. The job of a manager may be right
for you. A good leader is capable of taking the responsibility, works well in a team and
encourages others. You belong to those people that work hard and get a promotion fast.
Are you quick to adapt to changes?
10 points - You don’t feel safe and you fear the prospect of moving away from home
to work or to study.
1 5 -2 0 points - You don’t mind changes. You are sure that even if the requirements
change you will be able to meet them.
2 5 -3 0 points - New things are excitement and challenge for you. The job which involves
a lot of travel is just for you. You may become an excellent guide.
Which of the things appeal to you most of all?
5 points - You are looking for a well-paid job. It is a good idea to start your own
business or get involved in the fashion world. You are ambitious, energetic and regret
every opportunity you have to miss.
10 points - You are active by nature and love fun. You may be interested in the career
of meeting new people and spending a lot of time outdoors.
15 points - You are avery creative person and this iswhatappealsto youinwhatyou
are doing. A career that will help you to develop your creative abilities is perfect for you.

8. Report the questions the human resources m anager1 asked Mark Getty, a promising
young journalist at the job interview in writing.
1. When did you graduate from the university?
2. What was your specialization?
3. Why do you want to work in our Publishing House?
4. What are your ambitions?
5. Is a promotion an important factor for you?
6. Have you ever worked in a team?
7. What magazine did your work for a year ago?
8. What schedule2 will suit you best?
9. Are you ready to meet the high requirements of our Publishing House?
10. Do you regret leaving your previous job?
11. Does your family approve of your choice?

UbuTUI L a llg U d g u
promotion, to require, requirements, to meet the
requirements, to hesitate, hesitation, ambition
ambitious, to regret, regret, capable, to involve,
involvement, career
-.....

Hom ework
1. Ex. 4, 5a, 8 2. Ex. 1-4

1human resources m anager - менеджер по подбору персонала

2 schedule ['Jadjul] - расписание

102
1 W hat are your job priorities1? W h at do you look for in a job? Read the list and
add more ideas. Then put them in order of priority and comment on the three of
them.

П Promotion opportunities □ Long holidays

□ Travel opportunities □ Flexible working hours

СИ Location □ Financial stability

2. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the words.

salary ['saelsri] n : a fixed amount of money paid to someone for the work the person is
employed to do, esp. the amount paid every year: Teachers’ salaries have risen in the
past year.
be fired: to make someone leave the job for discipline and law breaking: He was fired
for smoking in a public place.
resign [ri'zain] v: to give up a job or position: He resigned from the committee.
retire [ri'tais] v: to leave your job or stop working because of having reached a particular
age: He worked in television after retiring from baseball. I’ll be retiring soon.
retirement [ri'taremnt] n\ the point at which someone stops working, esp. because of
having reached a particular age, or the period in someone’s life after the person has
stopped working: He announced his retirement in September.
pension ['penfnj: a sum of money paid regularly to a person who has retired (= stopped
working) because of having reached a particular age: His pension was enough for his
living.

3. Discuss the questions below with your partner.

1. What do you think is a good monthly salary in Russia?

2. What are the best paid jobs in Russia? Do you think it’s right that they are so highly
paid?
3. What jobs are in great demand at the moment in Russia?
4. What is the age of getting a promotion in Russia?
5. What do young people have to be capable of to start working as a manager?
6. For what reasons can people get fired?
7. What can make you resign?
8. At what age do men and women retire in Russia? Do they get a state pension?

4. Listen to an expert and see if your answers to Exercise 3 are correct by filling in
the chart in your Workbook.

5. Speak about payments and office rules in Russia using Exercise 4 chart in your
Workbook.

1priority [prai'rarati] - приоритет

 6. a) Read a short interview and guess what job this person does.

I have to be very slim and keep fit. Actually I am 15 kilograms

underweight. Recently I have been employed by a few fashion magazines.
Last year I worked for two designers in Italy but, in fact, I prefer to work
with photographers. I am going to stay in the job for the next few years
but, to tell you the truth, I am planning to get married soon and have a
big family. In the future I would probably start my own fashion studio.

b) W ork in pairs. Make a short report of the interview and act it out.

7. a) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words and read the story of
the worst job ever.

When I was a (1) (study) ... I once got a job at a factory that produced metal tubes for
tractors. I hated it from the first moment from the bottom of my heart! The smell inside
the factory was so 2. (horror) ... and the machines made so much noise that it was
(3) (danger) ... . That is why all the workers had to wear earplugs1 to get some
(4) (protect) ... . The earplugs were very (5) (comfort) ... and, of course, I couldn’t listen
to music. On top of that, my job was terribly (6) (bore) ... . I had to check that all the
tubes had the company marker (7) (clear) ... stamped on them. I stared at the tubes so
hard that after a while I couldn’t see any (8) (differ) ... between them - they all looked
the same to me. After four hours, I made up a (9) (decide) ... . I stood up, took off my
ear-plugs and walked out, never to return. It was an absolutely (10) (possible) ... place to
work in, and I never regretted giving up the job.

b) Read the text aloud and tell your classmates what other professions you find
boring, monotonous and uninteresting.

8. Listen to the story and say what was important for Bernard at work. Read it out
loud.

A New Job
Bernard was a simple mouse. He liked his nice, quiet job as a handymouse, he liked
to eat nice cheese for dinner, and he liked to fall asleep reading a nice book each
night. He didn’t like number 13, black cats (or cats at all, actually!) or the colour green.
Another thing Bernard didn’t like was danger of any kind. He liked to play things safe, no
mousetraps.
So, when the office he worked in moved its location from 1515 Hudson Street to 1313
Hudson Street, he understood that it was time to resign. He had to find a new job. One
‘13’ in the address would have been enough, but two, well, it just wouldn’t do!
That afternoon he bought a newspaper and while having his lunch he was
reading "The Help Wanted" section.
“Stunt mouse needed,” he read. “Oh, no, tha t’s too much dangerous.” He
read some more. “Steward for Albatross Airlines.’ Oh, no, that’s wrong, just
wrong!” This was harder than he thought to find a new job. “Cheese tester,”
he read. That looked promising! But then he took a closer look at the advert
and saw the words “experimental” and "hazardous2”. Bernard shook his head.
He was never going to find a new job!
He put the paper down next to him, when an advert caught his eye.
HANDYMOUSE NEEDED, it read. EXPERIENCE REQUIRED. INTERNATIONAL
RESCUE AID SOCIETY3.

1earplugs ['ia.pUgzj - наушники

2 hazardous — опасный д ля здоровья
3 rescue aid society — общество спасателей

104
 In Doituj We Learn

“That is it!” he cried. He contacted the office and was ensured - no danger, no intrigue;
very safe, quiet and non-adventurous. Just the way he liked it!

9. a) Explain why the job of a stunt mouse/а steward/a cheese tester did not appeal
to Bernard?

b) W hat kind of job was Bernard going to have at the International Rescue Aid
Society? Exchange your ideas with other classmates.

A
Useful Language
salary, to resign, to retire, retirement, to be/get
fired

(J ) 1. No. 75

2. Ex. 2, 6b, 7 ^ 3. Ex. 1 -4

У

1. Remember the rules of Conditionals and say what the man in the photo is thinking
about. Use the prompts below.

'— 1 , 1
I regret I didn’t get a good academic education. If I had got a good academic
education I wouldn’t have turned my life into a nightmare.
____________________________________________________________________________ /

1. To get a good academic education/not to turn my life into a

nightmare
2. To study/to finish college
3. To finish college/to enter the university
4. To get a university diploma/to get a job
5. To work hard/to get a promotion
6. To get a promotion/to get a high salary
7. To get a well-paid jo b /to make his family happy
8. To have a happy family/to live my life to the full

105
2. Tell your classmates about Archie Mason Griffin using the facts given.

• born August 21, 1954;

• a former American football player;
• Griffin played seven seasons in the National Football League
(NFL) which is the highest level of professional American
football in the United States;
• returned to Ohio State University to receive a master’s
degree in business administration (MBA);
• today — the President of Ohio State University Alumni
Association.

3. Listen to what Archie Mason Griffin thinks of education and explain how it helped
him to become a success in life. Read it out loud.

My belief in the unlimited power of education started during the earliest years
of my life. I was lucky to have some people by my side, who opened my eyes
to the power of education.
The first people were undoubtedly my parents. Both were incredibly hard
workers, and it was clear that they wanted to see their children reach high
academic levels. They always told me how important college education was. They
knew that this education would be an incredible resource for life, and they were
correct.
The second person who cared much about education was a junior high school
teacher Oscar Gill. Mr Gill gave me three tools that I needed to achieve my
dream of a college education. I call those tools the 3Ds — desire, dedication,
determination1. Mr. Gill told me that if you use these 3Ds, you can achieve any
aim you set your mind to. Through the years, I’ve learned that he was correct.
The last person I want to mention might be a bit of a surprise to you. So
many people think of Woody Hayes2 only as a great football coach, but he was
so much more to me and many others. Woody strongly believed in the necessity
of education. I remember the first time I sat down with Woody he didn’t even
talk about football. He talked about education and how important it was for me
to get a diploma.
I must say that I had a feeling that Woody was not interested in me as a
football player. But my father said, “don’t you think he cares about you as a
person, too?” And my dad was right. He did. I chose Ohio State and Woody
kept telling me about the importance of education. He used to say, “an athlete
without an education is headed for a bad situation.”
He believed, rightly so, that although our athletic careers would be short, our
lives would be long. When the game ended, we needed something that would
support us throughout our lives. There’s no question our education was that
important element.
My education has opened so many doors in my life. It’s provided me with
opportunity and the critical-thinking skills that you need to be a success in
today’s world. I am thankful for my Ohio State education and the fact that I
had so many people in my life who stressed its importance.
Education is one of life’s special gifts. It has made me the man I am today.

1 desire, dedication, determ ination - ж елание, преданность делу, упорство

2 W oody Hayes [,wudi 'heias] — известный тренер по американскому футболу
 In Doing We Learn

4. Complete the sentences according to the text above.

1 Archie Mason believes in ... .

a) physical power
b) the power of good friends
c) the power of education
2 Archie’s parents ... .
a) were very hard-working people
b) were very hard-working people and wanted their son to be hard-working
c) were interested in education
3 The three tools Archie received from Mr Gill ... .
a) helped him to become the best football player of his time
b) helped him to achieve his aims in life
c) helped him to study well in college
4 The great football coach Woody Hayes was sure that an athlete without an education

a) is a bad athlete
b) has no future
c) will have difficult life after finishing his football career
5 Archie is grateful to his teachers because ... .
a) education made him a successful businessman
b) education offered him a lot of opportunities
c) made him a very intelligent person

5. a) Listen to Paramount Pictures company M EM O1 on the effective qualities of

workers. The MEM O was recorded on a disk and written down in individual note­
books for every company worker. Fill in the missing words and read the MEMO.
1. Remember about ... .
2. Be well - ... .
3. Be able to work in a team and under ... .
4. Don’t ... to make decisions
5. Have enough ... to overcome difficulties.
6. Be determined to achieve the ... .
7. Be enthusiastic and never ... .
8. Work in the interests of ... , but not in the interests of ... .
9. Be ... involved.
10. In case of failure have courage to start ... .
b) W ork in pairs and decide which of the qualities you think are the most
important for a successful career. Explain why.

I am sure that the platform for everything is ... . because ... . Next it is im portant
to ... . W h a t’s more, we shouldn’t forget that ... In addition, we should rem em ber
that ... . It is also necessary to stress that a worker should be able ... . As well
as this, it is vital to be ready to ... .
J
1Memo - сокращенное от memorandum - документ с изложением взглядов
правительства или крупной корпорации на какой-нибудь вопрос

107
6. a) Look at the photos of Oxford University students. Report what some of them say
of their future careers.

Michael Smith, 15 years old: I have never thought

I would be thrilled with biology. But today time
spent in the biology lab is the best time in
my life. Is it interesting to know why? It is the
time of exploration and discoveries. Besides, I
have been curious since childhood and love little
secrets.

Maria Tiddlewood, 14 years old: I’ve chosen the career

of a surgeon. Why do my friends think it is not the right
,4Jj profession for a woman? I am determined to prove they are
f wrong. Is it difficult to count 2 by 2, I wonder? If you learn
something as well as this easy math’s task, nothing
is difficult and this is the way I know chemistry.
Н Н яЭ Ц Р And chemistry is everything for a surgeon.

Paul Rivers, 16 years old: I am ambitious by nature

and if I set an aim in life, I am determined to achieve
it. What is the profession that will always be in
demand? This is the profession of a journalist. There
is nothing more important than making people of the
whole world communicate with each other and solve
general problems of the humanity. I am sure my articles
in the newspapers will be the ones that will unite
people.

b) Report one of the teenagers’ career plans in writing.

7. a) Learn the rules of letter writing.

b) Tell your classmate about your ambitions and career plans. W rite it down in
your exercise book. Remember the rules of letter writing.

1. Write the address and the date in the upper right hand corner.

Moscow
Russia
April 25, 2012
2. Thank the person you are writing to for his letter and explain the reasons why you
couldn’t answer back immediately. Be polite.

Thank you fo r your letter. I t was great to hear

from you. Sorry, I haven't written fo r ages. I was
busy preparing fo r my test.
 In Doing We Learn

3. Show your pen friend that the letter you have received is important for you. Give full
answers to your pen friend’s questions.

It's so exciting that you are going to Moscow University

on an excursion. I f you ask me, studying in this famous
University is my dream because I can get a really great
academic education there. To tell you the truth, I work
hard preparing fo r my exams and don't really have time
for outings as I understand that you can’t get good
results without trainings and preparation.

4. Ask questions about an important event in your friend’s life. Be polite: start with
showing your involvement.

I t ’s great news that you went on a bike tour with your

class. How fa r did you travel? Was the route difficult?
How many pupils of your class went on a tour?

5. Be polite saying goodbye. Don’t forget to give reasons why you can’t write any longer.

Anyway, I've got to go now. Loads of homework!

W rite back soon.
Best wishes,
Alex

8. W rite a letter to Bob.

► Answer his questions.

► Think of three questions to ask about his new house.

I am trying to make a choice of the college to enter a fte r

finishing school. I t is so difficult. My parents want me to specialize
in chemistry and become a microbiologist. My best friend is sure
that I am the best at construction. But I have always wanted
to be a writer. Do you have a problem of career choice? Do
you listen to your parents and friends while making a choice? Do
opinions of other people influence you much?
My family has moved to a new house recently. Isn't it exciting!

n u m c n u i rv
Л 0D 1. No. 76

2. Ex. 1, 7a, 8 3. Ex. 1 -4

У

109
!• Look at the list of jobs and match them with their definitions.

Jobs Characteristics
1. An architect a) involves a lot of risk but deals with saving people’s life

2. A firefighter b) designing new buildings and making certain that they are
built correctly

3. A designer c) a person who imagines how something could be made

and draws or creates plans for it

4. A surgeon d) a person who works in a mine and gets coal. A lot of

time is spent underground

5. A miner e) involves performing medical operations on people

6. A sports coach f) a person who is in charge of a newspaper or a magazine,

and is responsible for all of its reports

7. A magazine editor g) someone whose job is to connect, and repair water pipes
and tubes

8. A plumber h) a person who is responsible for managing and training a

person or a team

9. A tourist guide i) a person whose job is to make sure that people and
organizations pay the correct amount of tax by a certain
time
10. A tax inspector j) a person whose job is performing stunts (= difficult
physical actions) that are too dangerous for the actors in
a movie or television show to do
11. A stunt man/woman k) a person whose job is to show a place or a route to
visitors

2. Use the words in a box and express your opinion about each of them. Explain why
you would or wouldn’t like to take up one of these professions. Explain your choice.

boring ■ monotonous ■ exciting ■ risky ■ creative ■ unpleasant ■ requires a

lot of knowledge on history ■ requires good w riting skills ■ caring
■ responsible ■ useful ■ requires a lot of team work ■ technically difficult
■ requires a lot of planning ■ dangerous ■ noble ■ requires a lot of courage
and good stamina (выносливость) ■ unusual ■ rare ■ common ■ involves
risk ■ a well-paid job ■ to get a low salary ■ to retire early ■ to get a
state pension
 h 1 Doing We Learn

-— -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In mv opinion, a profession of a stunt man is a rare profession. It involves a

lot of risk and might be dangerous. To be a stunt man requires a lot of courage
and a lot of training for good stamina. Stunt men retire very early and receive a
state pension. I don’t think I would choose a profession of a stunt man because
I am afraid of heights.

3. a) You are going to listen to the story of M r Jenkins, a police officer. Use the
words below and guess what the story will be about.

( ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
jewellery shop ■ footprints ■ police officer ■ police dog ■ golden rings
■ silver bracelets ■ river ■ wood ■ break-in ■ burglars ■ fields ■ a tiny house

b) Listen to the story and say what happened.

4. a) Listen to the story again and put the events of the story in order in which they
really happened.

1. Bobby took its master to the tiny house where the burglars were hiding.
2. The burglars hid the jewellery in a nearby wood.
3. The police found all the stolen rings and bracelets.
4. The burglars waited in a tiny house on the edge of the wood.
5. The burglars stole gold and silver from the jewellery shop.
6. Mr Jenkins received a call.

b) Tell the story of M r Jenkins to your classmates.

5. Agree or disagree with the following statements and add one or two more sentences
to each statement.

1. In Russia there is a great variety of jobs to choose from.

2. The earliest age to apply for a job officially in Russia is 14.
3. Professions of a lawyer, a doctor and a teacher have always been in demand in Russia.
4. People retire at the age of 55 or 60 for women and men.
5. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation people have a pension when
they retire.
6. More and more young people start thinking of getting a good education already at
school.
7. The workers get fired in Russia for breaking discipline laws and making very bad
mistakes at work.

6. a) W ork in groups Of 3 - 4 . W h at kind of specialists will the society need in the

future? Give your ideas and make a list of professions in demand. Introduce the top
profession to the class and explain your choice.

b) Read the following information. W ere you right in your predictions?

Information Technology is an integral part of today’s education.

Everything just seems to be a CLICK away! whether it is information
or chatting, discussion forum s or news, education or enjoyment.
Anything you think of and you can get it within seconds.
And all this is possible due to the e fforts and the hard w ork of the IT
specialists.
 Read the text “Hunting for a Job” and explain how you understand the saying
“W ater will always find its level”.

H u n t in g f o r a J o b
(A fter S.S. M cClure)

I reached Boston late that night and got out at the South Station. I knew no one in
Boston except Miss Bennet. She lived in Somerville1, and I immediately started out for
Somerville. Miss Bennet and her family did all they could to make me comfortable. I had
only six dollars and their hospitality was of vital importance for me.
Every boy in the Western states knew the Pope Manufacturing Company, which produced
bicycles. When I published my first work "History of Western College Journalism" the Pope
Company had given me an advertisement, and that seemed to be a “connection” of some
kind. So I decided to go to the offices of the Pope Manufacturing Company to ask for a
job. I walked into the general office and said that I wanted the president of the company.
“Colonel Pope?” asked the clerk.
I answered, “Yes, Colonel Pope.”
I was taken to Colonel Pope who was then an energetic man of
thirty-nine. While introducing myself I told Colonel Pope that he had
once given me an advertisement for a little book I had published,
that I had been a College editor and out of work. What I wanted
was work and I wanted it badly.
He said he was sorry, but they were laying off hands2. I still
hung on3. It seemed to me that everything would be over for me
if I had to go out of that room without a job. I asked him if there
wasn’t anything at all that I could do. My honesty made him look
at me sharply.
“Willing to wash windows and scrub floors?” he asked.
I told him that I was, and he turned to one of his clerks.
“Has Wilmot got anybody yet to help him in the downtown4 rink?”
he asked.
The clerk said that he hadn’t.
“Very well” said Colonel Pope. “You can go to the rink and help
Wilmot out for tomorrow.”
The next day I went to the bicycle rink and found that what Wilmot wanted was a man
to teach beginners to ride. I had never been on a bicycle in my life, but in a few hours
I learnt to ride a bicycle myself and was teaching other people.
Next day Mr Wilmot paid me a dollar. He didn’t say anything about my coming back the /
next morning, but I came and went to work, very much afraid that I would be told that I
wasn’t needed. So I came every day and went to work. At the end of the week Colonel"'
Pope sent for me and made me responsible for the uptown5 rink.
Colonel Pope was a man who watched his workmen. I hadn’t been mistaken when I felt
that a young man would have a chance with him. He often used to say that “water would
find its level”, and he kept an eye on us. One day he called me into his office and asked
me if I could edit a magazine.

1Som m erville - окраина Бостона в Америке

2layin g o f f hands - увольняя рабочих
3 hang on - настаивать
4 downtown - деловая часть города
5uptown - ж илая часть города

112
 In Doing We Learn

“Yes, sir,” I answered quickly. I remember that at that moment I felt I could do anything
I was put at - that if I were required to run an ocean steamer I could somehow manage
to do it. I could learn to do it as I went along1. I answered as quickly as I could get the
words out of my mouth, afraid that Colonel Pope would change his mind, before I could
get them out.
This is how I got my first job. And I have never doubted ever since that one of the
reasons why I got it was that I had been “willing to wash windows and scrub floors”. I
had been ready for anything.

8. Finish the sentences according to the text above.

1 In Boston the author of the story knew

a) only Miss Bennet and her family.
b) Miss Bennet’s family and their friends.
c) Miss Bennet’s “connections”.
2 The young man applied for a job to the Pope Company because
a) he visited the company before.
b) he knew the boss very well.
c) he wrote an article which was advertised by the Pope Company.
3 The job Colonel Pope offered to the author was
a) to work at the downtown rink and ride a bike.
b) to work at the downtown rink and teach other people to ride a bike.
c) to wash windows and scrub floors.
4 The author continued to work for Mr Wilmot without getting any money because
a) he needed the job badly.
b) he had nothing to do.
c) he was determined to get a work in the company.
5 The author finally got a job of
a) a company manager.
b) a magazine editor.
c) a company editor.
6 The thing that helped the author to get his first job was that
a) he was ready to work at the downtown rink.
b) he didn’t give up.
c) he was ready to do anything to get the job.

1 as I went along - по ходу дела

113
 1. a) Look at the picture. This is an old boot maker who is working on a pair of
boots. Make up a story about the picture. You may use the following:

—
■ to work hard everyday
■ to have a lot of work
■ to take individual orders
■ to be a skilful worker
■ to be short of money
■ to work in the old and cold workshop
■ to know all the secrets of his profession
■ to make a special pair of boots for....
_____________________________________________ >

b) W rite down the story in your exercise book.

2. Read an episode from John Galsworthy’s story “Quality” and answer the question
why the old man was called an artist.

Q u a lit y
(A fter John Galsworthy (1867-1933))
I knew him from the days of my youth, because he made my father's boots
at his little shop which he ran with his elder brother. The shop had a German
name of Gessler Brothers. Mr Gessler was a boot maker and really an artist
in his profession. Every pair of boots he made was a masterpiece. Those
pairs could only have been made by one who saw before him the Soul of
Boot. I remember well my shy remark, one day, while stretching out to him
my youthful foot:
"Isn’t it awfully hard to do, Mr Gessler?” And his answer, given with
John Galsworthy a sudden smile: “It is an Art!”
Mr Gessler looked as if made from leather, with his yellow wrinkled face, and
reddish hair and beard. His eyes were grey-blue and I always saw inner light in them.
I didn’t go to his shop often because his boots lasted terribly. But when I came I
would sit on the wooden chair, there was never anybody there. Soon I would see his
face and in a minute Mr Gessler would come down. And I would say: “ How do you do,
Mr Gessler? Could you make me a pair of Russian leather boots?”
Without a word he would leave me and soon he would come back, holding in his thin
hand a piece of gold-brown leather. With his eyes on the piece of leather, he would say:
“What a beautiful piece!” When I, too, had admired it, he would speak again. “When do
you want the boots?” And I would answer: “Oh! As soon as you can.” And he would say:
“ In a fortnight1.”
Then I would say: “Thank you, Mr Gessler.” But if it were some new kind of shoe model
that he had not yet made me, then indeed he would follow the ceremony - he would
place my foot on a piece of paper, he would two or three times draw lines with a pencil
and he would take the size of my foot again.

1fortnight - две недели

 In Doing We Learn

I cannot forget that day on which I told him “ Mr Gessler, that last pair of town walking
boots creaked, you know.” He looked at me for a time without saying a word, then said,
"It should not have creaked.” “It did, I’m afraid.”
At that he closed his eyes, as if trying to remember those boots, and I felt sorry I had
told him about those creaking boots. “Send them back!” he said; “I will look at them.
“Some boots,” he said slowly, "are bad from birth. If I can do nothing with them, I would
take them off the bill.”
Once (once only) I went into his shop in a pair of boots bought on the run at some
large firm’s. He took my order without showing me any leather. At last he said: ’’Those
are not my boots.” He put his hand down and pressed a finger on the place where the
left boot was not quite comfortable. “ It hurts you here,” he said. "Those big firms have
no self-respect." And then, just once in the time I knew him, he spoke long and bitterly.
It was the only time I ever heard him discuss the conditions and difficulties of the shoe
business.
“They get it all,” he said, “They get it by advertisement, not by work.
They take it away from us, who love our boots. It comes to this - at the
.-moment I have no work.” And looking at his wrinkled face I saw things I
had never noticed before, bitter things and bitter struggle and what a lot
of grey hairs there seemed suddenly in his red beard!
His face and voice made such a deep impression that during the next
few minutes I ordered many pairs. I had almost forgotten about those
boots, when one evening they came. Opening the parcel, I set the four pairs out in a
row. Then one by one I tried them on. They were the boots of the best quality - the
boots made by an artist.

3 . W o rk in pairs and discuss the following.

1. Why did the author buy boots at Gessler Brothers shop?
2. What did Mr Gessler think of his profession?
3. Was Mr Gessler a real professional? Find not less than 3 examples from the text to
support your answer.
4. Why did the author feel ashamed when he came to Mr Gessler’s shop in the boots
bought from some big firm?
5. Why did the author order four pairs of boots the last time he came to Mr Gessler’s
shop?

4. Look at the two pictures and compare them. Say

• when they were made;
• if they were made specially for each person or as a product of mass production;
• what skills are required to make good shoes;
• what requirements good shoes really meet;
• where we can buy such shoes.

5. a) Listen to the dialogue between Anna Deissler, a scientist

in molecular genetics, and Rob Martin, a journalist. Say
if Anna Deissler regrets her choice of becoming a scientist.
Why? W hy not?
b) • Name two reasons which made Anna Deissler take up
shoemaking.
• Name three sources of information which Anna uses in
her work.
c) Think about other questions you would like to ask Anna
Deissler about shoemaking.
QDmBG

6. Use the Indirect Speech and write the dialogue down in your exercise book.

Rob: Do you use special tools to make historical shoes?

Anne: The tools I am using are modern versions of the tools
that were used in the period, but the working principles have
not changed.
Rob. What is the hardest part of making shoes you produce?
Anne: I think that is turning them inside out. In the Middle
Ages shoes were made inside out and then turned the right
way round. At the beginning it was very difficult to learn this
experience.
Rob: You said you specialized in some era. Is that usual?
Anne: Yes. I specialized in Dark Age and Middle Age footwear because there was nobody
else around doing it. Different eras have quite different styles and techniques.

7. Complete the text using the correct tense forms.

Orville the albatross was feeling low. His job at the Central Park Zoo (hours: 9 -3 ; duties:
eating all the popcorn and half-finished hot dogs that the little children (1) (to drop) (2) (to
end) for the season. What (3) (to do) he next?
Orville (4) (to sigh) and (5) (to look) at the busy road. He (6) (to like) to watch cars
going back and forth. Just then there (7) (to be) a tap on his wing. He (8) (to look) down
and (9) (to see) two mice. "Excuse me, sonny," said the grandfather mouse. (10) (can) you
help us cross this busy street?"
Orville (11) (to look) confused. (12) you (to want) me to go in the middle of the street
and stop traffic?"
“Perhaps you (13) (can) give us a lift over the traffic? We (14) (to buy) you a hot dog
as a payment.”
Mmmm. It (15) (to sound) tasty! OK. Orville readily
(16) (to agree), and (17) (to turn) to the mice. Eight
little mice (18) (to stand) in front of him! “Wait!
How strong (19) you (to think) I (20) (to be)?”
“Think about it this way - the more mice, the more
hot dogs.”
This way Orville (21) (to begin) the Albatross
Taxi Service for Mice. He (22) (to become) a very
successful businessbird.

8. a) Mike is a manager. He works for a big company and is responsible for the
presentation of the new product, b ) W rite in your exercise book what Mike learned
from his workers when he arrived from a business trip to London. Use the chart
and the example on page 117.
 In Doing We Learn

Activities Done already Not done yet In process

Invitations (send) *

Booklets (print) ★

The photos (make) *

The report (to prepare) *

The press (to inform) *

The video presentation *

(organize)
The disks (to buy) ★

The documents (to sign) *

'— — — — “ — — — — — — “ — “ -

Mike learned that the documents hadn’t been signed yet.

Г
Homework[
у
1. Ex. lb , 4, 6 2. Ex. 1 -4
У

t©©©®DQ

1- Listen to the people talking and guess what the men do. Match every speaker to
his/her profession.

1. Mr Trim a) a plumber
2. Mr Ray b) an electrician
3. Mr Bell c) a firefighter

2. Read the definitions and the examples. Guess the meaning of the new words.

circumstance ['sxkamstons] n: a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is: /
think she coped very well under the circumstances. We can’t deal with the problem until
we know all the circumstances. Under no circumstances should you (= You must not) talk
to strangers.
prevent [pri'vent] v: to stop something from happening or someone from doing something:
Take vitamins to prevent flu. His disease prevents him from driving.
failure [’feiljo] n: when someone or something does not succeed: The meeting was a
complete/total failure. Their attempt to climb the Eiger ended in failure.
disappointment [.disa'pointmont] n: something or someone that is not what you were
hoping it would be: The party turned out to be a huge disappointment. I’m afraid I’ve
been rather a disappointment to my parents.
3. Remember your school experience and complete the sentences. Tell your classmates
about your school experience.

1. The subject I am most capable of is ... .

2. The activity I think I am mostly suited for is ... .
3. I never/always/sometimes hesitate to express ... .
4. My failure at ... prevented me from ... .
5. The worst disappointment in my school life was when ... .
6. My teachers think I am a ... person.
7. My parents believe I am ... by nature.
8. Under no circumstances I will choose a career of a ... .
9. I was a complete failure at ... when I was ... .
10. I regret ... in life most of all.

4 . W ork in pairs. Ask and answer questions and find out about your classmate’s
moments of success and failure.

There are no changes in verb tenses when the

reporting verb is in the Present, Future or Present
Perfect tense.
She says “I am extremely busy.” - She says that
she is extremely busy.

'— jojt^ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I wonder if you have ever participated in serious contests or competitions.

_________________________________________________________________________________У

1. Have your ever participated in serious contests or competitions?

2. Were the competitions a complete failure? Why? Why not?
3. Do you feel nervous before tests or interviews with teachers?
4. Do you hesitate before giving the right answer, writing a test or sitting for an exam?
5. Is it difficult for you to meet competition requirements?
6. Were your last competitions a success or a failure?

5. W rite what you learned about your friends’ success and failures.

<-— tZ \(^\rvxjc> ]jL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I learned that my friend had participated in math’s contests.

_______________________________________ _ ________________________________________У

6. Read Part I from “The Green Years” by A. Cronin and

answer the question why the two friends had to get a life-
and-death struggle.

Archibald Cronin (1896-1981)

 In Doing We Learn

The G reen Y ea rs
(A fter A. Cronin)
Part I

Gavin and Robert were true friends. They had been friends since they
went to school. Gavin came from a rich family while Robert’s family
could hardly make both ends meet and he had to work hard to earn
a penny for a living. That circumstance, however, never prevented their
true friendship. Robert Shannon had always dreamed of studying medicine
and was dreaming of a chance to enter Winton University. He knew he
was poor and his family couldn’t afford it, but one day a hand of fate
gave him a chance when he read in the local newspaper about Marshal
scholarship1. Very soon it became clear that Gavin was going to apply for
the competitions, too...

It was a quiet summer evening. We took a boat and sailed along the river bank. It was
getting darker and the river water looked lilac and then dark red. Soon we stopped seeing
faces of each other in the darkness of the night. Everything was quiet, only the sound of
the bagpipe was heard in the distance. Hidden by the darkness Gavin began to speak:
“You are going to sit for the Marshal exams, aren’t you?
“How did you know?” I asked in surprise.
“I learned it from my sister. I want to try my luck in these competitions, too," said
Gavin breathing heavily.
“But, Gavin... you don’t need the scholarship2.’’ In the darkness I felt that something
was wrong with Gavin.
“You may be very much surprised, but my father’s business is going from bad to worse
these days. He is the city Mayor3 and this makes the situation even more difficult. Dad
has done so much for me. Now, when he is in trouble it’s time I paid him back.”
I was silent. I knew that Gavin adored his father and heard that the Mayor was having
problems in business but I could never think I would have to compete with Gavin for the
scholarship I was so much willing to get. Before I could open my mouth to say anything,
Gavin said:
“ Does it make a big difference for you that one more boy would take part in those
competitions?
After a little pause he added:
“One of us should get this scholarship.”
“It will be you,” I said knowing what a good pupil Gavin was.
Gavin said slowly:
“Nothing should stand between us, of course. But it will be a life-and-death struggle.
Suddenly the boys heard the splash in the water and a minute later they were fighting
with a big fish that was pulling hard on Gavin’s fishing rod. When they finally caught the
fish and were sitting next to each other watching it on the bottom of the boat, Robin
suddenly thought:
“Gavin or I... . One of us will be defeated.”

1Marshal scholarship - стипендия имени Маршала, к о т о р а я д авал а

право бесплатного поступления в у н и в е р с и т е т
2scholarship ['skntajip] - стипендия
3 mayor ['шеэ] - мэр

119
7. Read the text again and agree or disagree with the statements. Give your reasons.
Support them with the sentences from the text.

1. Different well-being of the boys’ families prevented the two friends from meeting.
2. Gavin was going to get Marshal scholarship because his father had trouble with money
and the boy wanted to pay his father back for everything he had done for him.
3. Robert was sure that one of them would be defeated.
4. The scholarship became a serious test for the boys’ friendship.

8 . Retell the story on behalf of a) Robert b ) Gavin.

9. Read a page from Robert’s diary.

W rite a letter to Robert:
• answer his questions.
• think of three questions to ask about how he is going to prepare for Marshal
scholarship.

I have just learned that Gavin is going to sit for Marshal

exams. I don't know what to do. I understand that he needs this
scholarship badly. He is my friend and I wish him only the very
best. On the other hand, this scholarship is my only chance to
enter the University and study medicine - something I have been
dreaming about all my life.
Should I stop seeing Gavin or should I help him to get ready
fo r the exam? He is my friend and friends always support each
other. Can the competition put an end to our friendship? I f it
happens, it will be the worst disappointment for me.
Can't think of it any more... .

useTui L a n g u a g e
A
circumstance, under the circumstances,
under no circumstances, failure, disappointment,
to prevent something, to prevent somebody from
doing something

Hom ework
1. Ex. 2, 8, 9 2. Ex. 1-4
1. Make a list of qualities and skills that are required for a highly qualified specialist.
Present your ideas to the class. Explain your choice.

2. a) Listen to Peter Fires and decide what his weak and strong points as a
professional are. Fill in the chart in the Workbook.
b) Using the pencil of another colour mark your strong and weak points in the
chart in your Workbook.
c) Look at the chart in your Workbook again and write down the qualities of a
real professional in order of priority.

3. A reporter is talking to Margaret, a young promising but overambitious star.

Complete the interview. Use the forms of Passive Voice. Report the dialogue using
the rules of indirect speech in writing.

Reporter: It is so exciting to interview such a famous person as you.

Margaret: Yes, you are lucky to get me.
Reporter: I know that you (1) (to interview) many times before.
Margaret: Yes, I ...
Reporter: It is also interesting that two books (2) (to write) about you.
Margaret: Yes, they ... - and another one (3) (discuss) at the moment.
Reporter: An outstanding film (4) (to make) about your life a year ago, ... it?
Margaret: Yes, it was a breathtaking film! The starring role (5) (to play) by a handsome
young actor.
Reporter: Where ... you (6) (to buy) your shoes from?
Margaret: I never buy shoes. They (7) (to design) specially for me.
Reporter: You (8) (to love) by your fans.
Margaret: Of course, I... flowers (9) (to send) to me every day by them.

4. a) Read the words and learn to pronounce them.

Julius, Caesar, Napoleon.
b) Read the continuation of Robert Shannon’s story and explain why the boy felt
disappointed and unhappy.

The G reen y e a rs
(A fter A. Cronin)

Part 2
“You are becoming quite grown up, my boy”, remarked my Dad one day. “You are doing
well at school. And I am pleased with you.” My cheeks turned red. Dad seldom praised me.

121
 In the meanwhile my Dad continued, "Your teacher, Mr Reid, came to my office today
to sign some papers and we talked a lot about your future. By the way, do you have any
future plans, I wonder?” my Dad asked.
My heart was about to leap out of my chest.
“Mr Reid must have told you that I would do anything to study medicine at Winston
University.”
My Dad suddenly became strangely small. He forced himself to smile and continued,
”We are rather poor and don’t forge money1, you know.”
“But father, didn’t Mr Reid tell you that I am going to sit for the Marshal scholarship?”
“ He did,” my dad said and got red and angry. “The competition will be fierce. Don’t you
remember Murdock who failed last year? Besides, I don’t believe you will be able to win
the scholarship when so many people are willing to get it.”
“Will you let me at least try?” I asked suddenly worried.
My Dad’s thin face seemed to become thinner. He turned away and looked into the
window.
“Forget about it, Robert. Even if you win, it will mean that you won’t earn a penny
another 5 years. You know how things stand with my business. I think it’s time you paid
us back.”
“ But, Dad...” I couldn’t say a word. At the same time I wanted to explain to him that I
would pay back twice as much if only he could let me sit for the exam. I wanted to tell
him that if I weren’t capable enough I would win by just working hard. But I sat silent
too shocked to talk. I knew that all my arguments would be useless.
“I talked to the master at the factory yesterday. If you start working at a factory this
summer, you will start earning good money and get your qualification when you turn 21.
Isn’t it nice?” I didn’t say a word. I wasn’t suited for working at a factory at all.
“You are disappointed, of course,” my dad said. On leaving the room he added “ Beggars
can’t be choosers2, my boy”,
I remained sitting on the chair and felt like crying. I wanted to be Julius Caesar
or Napoleon. But I was still myself.

5. Describe Robert’s feelings. Explain under what circumstances the boy felt so. Use
the words in a box. .

pleased ■ excited ■ fu ll of hope ■ enthusiastic ■ disappointed ■ worried

■ shocked ■ terrified ■ helpless ■ betrayed by his father ■ unhappy

6. Say if you agree with the statement:

Beggars can’t be choosers.

W rite 6—9 sentences to express your opinion. Give examples of some personalities who
became successful people in life but were poor and suffered a lot in their childhood.
Use www.wikipedia.ru for information.

I am afraid, I can’t agree with the statement/l agree with the statement. In fact,
there are many examples of the people who ... One of them is ... . She/He came
from a poor family but... I believe that if you are determined to achieve your aims
in life you will be able to do it with or without money.

1forge money - ковать деньги

2 Beggars can’t be choosers. - Н ищ им не дано право выбора.
 In Doing We Learn

7. Word Building. a) Remember:

noun verb adjective adverb

prevention to prevent preventive —
disappointment to disappoint disappointed —
failure to fail failed —
circumstance — circumstantial circumstantially

b) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words.

1. I am too proud to admit a ... . FAIL
2. The correspondent described the greatest ... of her career. DISAPPOINT
3. ... medicine helps to discover serious illnesses at early stages. PREVENT
4. Under no ... will she agree to speak about her promotion. CIRCUMSTANCE

8. a) Many girls dream of becoming a stewardess. They say that this job provides them
with travelling to different places of the world and meeting interesting and famous
people. But very few realize how hard the work is. W o rk in small groups and make
a list of activities which involve the work of a stewardess.

b) Listen to the text and compare whether you are right in your prediction.

1.. Tell your partner what kind of personality you are by answering the questions
below.
a) Name an activity that b) Name something
• you never find time for; • you are afraid of doing;
• you have lost interest in; • that takes a lot of your time;
• doesn’t appeal to you; • you are responsible for.
• you have a talent for.
2. Read the definitions and the examples and guess the meaning of the new words.

m atter ['maeta] n: a situation or subject which is being worked on: Could I talk to you
about a personal matter? Will you phone me back - it's a matter o f some importance.
Talking about the world’s problems is one thing, but solving them is another matter.
make matters worse: used to say that something has made a bad or difficult situation
worse: Three of our players were ill, and to make matters worse, our main scorer had
broken his ankle.
it doesn’t matter: it is not important: What am I to start with for the English exam
preparation - words or grammar? - It doesn’t matter. It doesn’t matter what tools to use,
it’s important how to use them.
no matter: in spite of everything: No matter how difficult the work is he is going to
finish it. No matter why he failed the exam he is going to take it again.

123
1. No matter ... long it takes to study the Russian literature of the 19th century I am
going to do it. It is a matter of importance for me.
2. No matter ... you think of a profession of a stunt man I am going to take it up.
3. No matter ... he gets a promotion he will work hard on the project.
4. No matter ... you have decided to do, you willbe responsible for the circumstances.
5. No matter ...you are going to work, you should be capable of dealing with people.
6. No matter ... said it the quality of work is the most important factor.
7. No matter ... of you made a mistake, the project is under failure now. It is such a
disappointment!
8. No matter ... advice you will choose, it is important to make the right choice not to
regret it all your life.

4 . W ork in pairs and decide what qualities people in the pictures should have to be a
success at work. Explain your choice. Use the words in the box to help you.

to be sociable ■ to be patient ■ to be able to work under pressure ■ to

be a quick decision maker ■ to be able to get along with people ■ to be
well-educated ■ to be physically fit ■ to be w ell-read ■ to be polite ш to be
hard-working ■ to be responsible ш to be punctual ■ to be ready to take a
risk ■ to be courageous ■ not to give up when you fail ■ to be capable of
looking for solutions ■ to care for the results of the job ■ to be determined
to achieve the goal
 In Doing We Leam

'— ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A profession of a surgeon requires a lot of qualities. Firstly, a surgeon should

be well-educated because his patients may pay for his mistakes with their own
lives. Secondly, a surgeon should be able to work under pressure. In other
words, he should be ready for any circumstances in his medical practice and
react quickly. What’s more, it is extremely important that a surgeon should care
for the results of his work as his patients depend on him and become disabled
and suffer a lot without attention after-operation time. Finally, a surgeon should
never give up no matter how difficult the task is because he struggles for the
health and happiness not only of his patients but their families, too.

5. a) Listen to the words and learn to pronounce them.

• Sergey Petrovich Botkin, Jonas Salk [so:lk], Wilhelm Rontgen ['rontjon]

• a therapist ['Geropist], a laboratory [la'bnratri], microbiology ^maikraubai'nlsdy], a
physicist ['fizisist], hepatitis [,hepa'taitis], influenza [.influ'enza]

b) Read the text and complete the gaps with the missing parts (a, b, c, d)
on page 126.
We have all heard about famous painters, scientists and actors but have you ever heard
the names of famous doctors? Doctors don’t offer you a lot of fun but they make sure
we are alive to live a happy and healthy life. (1) ... .
Today you will learn the three names out of many other outstanding doctors
which made a revolution in the field of medicine and helped the mankind in every m
way possible.
Sergey Petrovich Botkin, a famous Russian therapist, was the pioneer of Russian
general medicine as a field of science. In 1860-1861, Sergey Botkin opened a
research laboratory. The scientist was the first to guess that the reason for such
a dangerous disease as hepatitis was an infection. Sergey Botkin was also a
¥
talented public man, who used his talent for convincing the city administration that Sergey
Petrovich
public hospitals require more attention. Botkin

This outstanding man was born in New York City. He studied

microbiology and worked hard to develop the vaccine for influenza.
He was also the first doctor to invent the polio vaccine. (2) ... .
Dr Salk is one of the most well-known doctors in the United States.

In 1895 the physicist Wilhelm Rontgen discovered X-rays,

the “X" meant that those rays were unknown to the scientists.
(3) ... . The first X-ray was one of Rontgen’s wife’s hand taken
in December 1895 and is the oldest X-ray image of a part
of the human body. The discovery of X-rays helped to cure a
lot of patients.
What is common about these three famous doctors who saved the lives of so
many people with their discoveries and inventions? The answer will be simple - a Wilhelm
great desire to help people and serve their country. (4) ... . Besides, they were not Rontgen
afraid of risks and were ready to start all over again after failures because they
never gave up their ideas and ideals.

125
a) Although m any d o cto rs had trie d to m ake th e polio vaccine before, th is talented doctor
w as th e firs t one to achieve success.
b) W hat tra its o f ch a ra cte r w ere com m on fo r th e th re e d o cto r scie n tists? All o f them had
a great willpower.
c) Today th e jo b o f a m odern d o c to r is considered easy. The reason is th e progress in
th e field o f m edicine, b u t have you ever th o u g h t a b o u t th a t tim e when m achines were not
there. S urgeons used to m ake very d iffic u lt ope ra tio n s w ith th e ir own hands.
d) He la te r fo u n d th a t th e rays could pass through flesh. The s c ie n tis t learned to make
im ages o f bones inside th e body using photographic plates fo r his work.

6. a) Read the text from Exercise 5b again and fill in the chart in your Workbook.
b) Tell your classmates about one of the outstanding doctors you have read about.
c) Use the Internet site WWW.wikipedia.ru to learn more facts about them.

7. a) A n ability to work under pressure is one of the requirements for people of

different professions. Complete the dialogues and test yourself if you are a quick
decision maker. Follow the example below.

• Mr Smith (a fire fighter): Watch out! We don’t have enough water to stop the
fire! To make matters worse, the ladder is not long enough to reach the upper
floor.
• You: Call the fire station close by for water and call the police to make sure
that the roads are free. It’ll take only 5 minutes.

1. Mrs Hold (a secretary)-. The co m p u te r has ju s t caught a virus! To

m ake m a tte rs worse, th e file s c o n ta in in g th e th re e m onths’ w ork are in
danger!

2. Miss Collins (a tourist guide)-. One o f th e passengers got lost

d uring th e excursion around th e city! He was la s t seen h a lf an
hour ago in th e m useum w ith th e to u ris t from his group! To make
m a tte rs worse, he has le ft th e hotel card w ith th e address o f the
hotel on it.

3. Mr Cart (a sports coach)-. My be st player

has broken his ankle w hile tra in in g . To m ake
m a tte rs worse, an im p o rta n t m atch ta k e s place
to m o rro w a t 1 1 o’clock. How shall I do w ith o u t
th e be st forw ard?

4. Mr Girt (a magazine editor)-. Tom, a young jo u rn a lis t was late

fo r th e interview w ith a fa m o u s surgeon. Now th e re is no article
fo r th e new spaper colum n “ M e e t fa m o u s people”. To m ake things
w orse, I’ve been given only a day to solve th e problem . But all
fa m o u s people are so busy!
 In Doing We Learn

b) Akt out the dialogues you have made with your classmate.

8. W rite 12—15 sentences about the career you think you will choose. Use Exercise 4
to describe the qualities necessary for the career you are writing about. The
following questions will help you.

1. What physical requirements should a person meet to start this career?

2. Does this career involve risk of any kind?
3. Does this career mean you will have to work under pressure?
4. Is it important to be a quick decision maker to do this career?
5. What should you be capable of to be suited for this career?
6. At what age do people retire doing this career?
7. Can you be promoted doing this job?
8. What disappointments can you face choosing this career?
9. Is it a well-paid job?
10. Does it offer travelling opportunities?
11. Are good communication skills required for this career?
12. Is this career team-oriented?
13. Is it easy to resign from this work?
14. What are the reasons why you may be fired?
15. Is this career in demand in the modern world?

Useful Language
^ matter,
no matter,
it doesn’t matter,
to make matters worse

Homework
1. Ex. 2, 8 2. Ex. 1 -4

95
L
1. Listen to the characteristics of different jobs and match them with the professions
in the box.
2. Look at picture A and picture В and compare them according to the following plan.

u u n u n u u n
Plan
► name the profession/occupation;
► personal qualities needed for each job;
► necessary education;
► what the occupation involves;
► ability to convince others;
► experience of public speaking/taking quick
decisions/work under pressure;
► salary/wage;
► promotion/development;
► satisfaction.

3. a) Read and remember the following sentences with work, job and career.

1. Job is used to talk about something specific.

2. Career is used to talk about what someone chooses
to do over a lifetime.
3. Work is used to talk generally about what someone
does to earn money.

b) Complete the sentences with work, jo b and career.

1 . I am trying to change my ... and I am looking for ... as a teacher.
2 . I had a long ... in the police force.
3. It takes me an hour to get to my ... , so I don’t have much time to do anything
after ... .
4. I gave up my ... as a chef two years ago and I am still out of ... .
5. I am doing some unpaid ... experience in the travel agency.
6 . I was promoted last week so tha t’s very good for my ... .
 In Doing We Learn

4. a) Complete the sentences and learn what people said talking about careers. Use the
words from the box.

salary ■ suitable ■ disappointment ■ circumstances ■ regret ■ promotion

■ requirements ■ career ■ prevents ■ resign

1. Mike, an architect: Has John made a choice of his future ... yet?
2. Miss Chipman, a last year pupil: I am not ... for a career of an architect. I can’t
draw.
3. Jane’s mother: Jane had a job interview yesterday. To my ... she failed.
4. Jim, a sales manager: I will get a ... in two weeks. My new job will be better paid.
5. Mr Spencer, a lawyer. What is necessary to meet the ... of the company?
6 . Mr Ricks, a miner: Poor education ... young people from getting a well-paid job.
7. Liz, a secretary: Mike had to ... because of family circumstances and everyone felt
that it was a great loss for the company.
8 . Mrs Carter, a tax inspector: I feel ... having chosen a profession of a lawyer when I
was young. I am not capable of talking to unpleasant people.
9. Williamson, Bob’s boss: Bob’s ... will grow at the beginning of the next year because
the results of his work have been great this year. He will be able to buy a new
computer to work on.
10. Dr Ripley, a scientist: My lab is not well-equipped and under such ... I am afraid I
won’t be able to work.
b) Report what the people (exercise 4a) said discussing career matters and what
questions they asked. Report what people say in writing. Use such introductory
words as said, asked, wanted to know, wondered.

5. Rewrite the sentences using the reported speech.

1. “The profession of a lawyer has always been in great demand in America”, said a
career expert.
2. "What qualities are required to become a successful politician?” he asked.
3. “Many factors influence the choice of the future career,” the teacher said.
4. “It doesn’t matter what circumstances made him choose the career of a baker. He
became the best known baker in London in 5 years and never regretted hischoice
of the career,” a journalist said.
5. “A new project is being discussed by economists and engineers of the factory,” the
director of the factory said.
6. “The experts were disappointed by the report of the company,” the boss of the
company was informed.
7. “Have you ever taken part in a job interview?” a candidate for a magazine editor
vacancy was asked.
8. "What circumstances prevented you from coming to the meeting?” she wondered.
9. “What career are you suited for?” the father asked his 16-year-old son.
10. "Why were a plumber and an electrician called into the office?”, the guard asked.
11. “Are there any special requirements to become a teacher?” a third year student asked.
12. “Why did you apply for a part-time job?” Nick’s friend asked.
13. “ Don’t be in a hurry to make a decision about your future career if you hesitate
because you may regret your mistake all your life,” the father said to his son.

129
 6. Listen to a passage from the novel “Shannon’s W a y ” by A. Cronin about the first
working experience of a young promising scientist Robert Shannon and say why he
didn’t resign from Professor Usher’s laboratory. Read it out loud.

S h a n n on 's! W a y
(A fter A. Cronin)

After my demobilization in 1918 my dream came true and I started my

career of a microbiologist. I worked at Aldon College in the laboratory
of Professor Usher. To my disappointment, he made me work on a
boring and unimportant theme that was disapproved by a lot of leading
scientists. In fact, Hugo Usher was good at picking up other people's
brains. Young scientists working in his lab carried out a lot of experiments
and wrote interesting articles full of innovative scientific ideas and those
articles always had two authors, one of whom was Professor Usher. That
is why Professor Usher had a reputation of a scientist working on original
themes and having original ideas.
However, no matter how tired and bored I was with the work I had
to do for Professor Usher, I was still looking for some great discovery
to make - a discovery so important that would influence the world of medicine or even
change it. That was a difficult task, but I was young and ambitious and wanted to impress
the world.
I had been looking for some special theme for my research and, finally, I was lucky
to get one. It was an epidemic of an unknown disease that had broken out in the local
village. The disease was followed by high temperature, fever and a terrible headache.
Some people had already died from it the week before. I was curious of the reason of
that disease and one summer morning I went to the nearby village. It took me an hour
and a half to get there on foot but I didn’t feel tired. I went straight to Alex Duty who
took me to the club where there were about 30 people waiting patiently. Most of them
looked pale and ill. They had just recovered from the disease and still
didn't feel well. Alex Duty said: “This is Dr Robert Shannon. Most of
you know him as a good fisherman but he is also a professor in the
University and he has come today because he wants to know why
you have fallen ill.” Some people began to smile. I thanked everyone
and got to work. I knew most of the people that had gathered in the
club. They were farmers and I often spent time with them fishing from
the river bank. I put the numbered tubes1 out of my bag and began
taking blood samples2. I was excited and my fingers were trembling
at the thought of a wonderful adventure full of difficulties and even
dangers ahead of me. I was alone in the whole world but I was
determined to conquer it!

7. Choose the correct answer according to the text above.

1 Professor Usher had a reputation of

a) a progressive scientist.
b) a talented scientist.
c) a scientist respected by everyone.

1numbered tubes - пронумерованные пробирки

2taking blood samples - брать образцы крови

130
__________________________________________________ In Doing We Learn

2 To pick up other people’s brains means

a) Professor Usher worked with the young scientists helping them on their way of
scientific experiments.
b) Professor Usher used talents of young capable scientist to keep up the reputation
of a progressive scientist.
c) Professor Usher shared his progressive ideas with the young scientists.
3 Professor Usher was
a) a cunning, double-faced man that fell behind scientific progress long ago.
b) an enthusiastic old man full of strange ideas.
c) an old man who just wanted to get a good salary doing nothing; he didn’t want
to retire and live on his small pension.
4 Robert looked for a great discovery
a) to prove himself that he is a capable scientist.
b) to do something useful for the world of medicine.
c) because he was an ambitious young man.
5 People in the club looked pale and ill because
a) they had just recovered from a dangerous disease.
b) many people from their village had died.
c) there had been an epidemic of an unknown disease in the village.
6 People in the club smiled at Shannon because
a) they had seen him before.
b) they had known him as a good fisherman and often went fishing together.
c) they had hoped he would stop the epidemic.
7 Shannon’s fingers were trembling because
a) he was afraid of hurting people while taking blood samples.
b) he was excited at the possibility of making a discovery.
c) he was afraid to fail at his experiments.

8. Discuss the following.

1. What would you do if you were in Shannon’s shoes?

2. Would you resign from the University? Why/Why not?
3. Would you agree to let Professor Usher put his name on the article you worked hard
on? Why?/Why not?
4. How do the words “ I was alone in the whole world but I was determined to conquer
it!” characterize Shannon?

r ____________
n U I I I U U U I Pi

(J ) 1. No. 85

2. Ex. 2, 3a, 4b % 3. Ex. 1 -4

~_________________ /
 1 . a) Listen to a famous poem “The Road Not Taken” by an outstanding American
A \® J

poet Robert Frost and say what the author associates “the road” with.
b) Read the poem out loud.
c) Compare the English and the Russian texts of the poem to check your
understanding.

T H £ fiO flD HOT T fIK C N

by Robert Frost
Two roads diverged1 in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveller, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim2,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as far that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden3 black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence4.
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -
I took the one less travelled by,
And that has made all the difference.

1diverged |dai'v3:d5d| - расходящийся

2claim [kleim] - зд. предъявлять претензии
3trodden ['trndn] - протоптанный
4hence [hens] - с этих пор, с этого времени
 In Doing We Learn

Н Е Х О Ж Е Н О Й T f*a n u H
или
в е с « в ч и н я е т с я С В Ы Б О Р А

В лесу глухом д в е разош лись дороги,

Из них я должен выбрать был одну.
М ой взгляд скользил по той, чей путь пологий
Вдаль уходил под листьев пелену.
Затем другую выбрать я реш ился
И вдоль н е ё продолжил дальний путь;
Травы покров р о со ю сер ебр и л ся,
Зо вя тропой нехож еной шагнуть.
Их различить тем утром было сложно,
И вы бор мой был сделан наугад;
Д орогой первой захочу пойти, возможно,
Хотя навряд ли я вер н усь назад.
По истечении лет десятков м ногих
Я вспом ню , как я выбрал ж ребий свой :
На перепутье разош лись дороги,
И я пошёл нехож еной тропой.
(автор пер евод а стихотворения неизвестен)

d)* Use the Internet or library resources and find more translations of this poem.

2. Find the answers to the questions in the poem and read its parts to prove your
answer.

1. How did the author of the poem feel standing in front of the two roads? Was it
difficult for him to make a choice?
2. Describe the road the author took.
3. Was the author thinking of taking the first road, too?
4. Did the author have any chance to get back to the places where he had started his
way?
5. Why did the author choose the road that looked different from the other, most
common and usual road?
6 . Will the author ever regret having chosen the road “less travelled by"? Why?/Why
not?
7. Is making a choice in life a difficult matter? Can the choices we make change our
lives and make them very different from other people’s lives?
8 . Do we always make the right choice?
9. Why do you think it is worth thinking twice before making a choice important for your
life?
10. Is a career choice a difficult decision?
11. Are you ready to make difficult choices in life or would you prefer “trodden” roads
while making a decision of your career? What does it depend on? Are you ready to
stand up to your choice?

3. Answer the questions from Exercise 2 in a written form and read your composition
to the class.

4. Read a short biography of the genius of the 20th century, Steve Jobs, the founder
of Apple computer company and name the most important stages of his career.

133
 When Steve Jobs was born February 24, 1955, in San Francisco,
California, his mother decided to put him for adoption1 because she
wanted a girl. So, in the middle of the night, his mother called a
lawyer named Paul Jobs and said, “We have an unexpected baby
boy; do you want him?”
Steve went to college but decided to give up studies because it
was too expensive. Talking about his time in college he said: “I didn’t
have a room of my own like everyone else did at college, so I slept
on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for 5 cents
to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every
Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna
Steve Jobs
temple2". At 20, he and a friend (Steve Wozniak) started a company
^ in a garage on April 1, 1976. Jobs named their company - Apple in
memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon. Later that
year, the young men made a presentation of the Apple I at a Computer Club in Palo Alto,
California. A local shop offered to buy 50 machines and to give money for the production.
By 1982 his company had entered the competition with IBM’s new Personal Computer
and Steve with Wozniak introduced the Macintosh. By 1986 the Mac had become a great
success. After 10 years, starting from 2 teenagers working in a garage, Apple computer
office had grown into a $2 billion dollar company with over 4,000 workers.
At the age of 30 Jobs, however, was fired from the company. He left the company
after losing a battle over Apple company control. Jobs sold over$20 million of his Ap
stock3, spent days bicycling along the beach, feeling sad and lost, went on a tour to
Paris, and took a journey around Italy.
Remembering that heartbreaking episode of his life Jobs said, “I didn’t see it then,
but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever
happened to me. The heaviness of being successful wasreplaced by the lightness of
being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It made me free to enter one of the
most creative periods of my life.”
During the next five years he started two companies - NeXTStep and Pixar. Pixar
developed into a success story. The company started the first computer-animated film, the
Toy Story and when Pixar’s stock went public4, Jobs became a billionaire just in one night.
Meanwhile, Apple company was under great pressure from the old rival5 Microsoft and lost
millions of dollars.
In December, 1996 Jobs convinced Apple to buy NeXT and use its software6 for a
computer of the next-generation. The technology Steve Jobs invented helped Apple to win
the battle. In 1997 Steve Jobs returned to work for Apple with a great promotion. Under
his leadership Apple returned his positions and offered to the public such innovations as
IPhone, IPod and IPad.
In 2004 Steve Jobs fell ill with cancer7. Jobs was told that he would only live for another
three to six months. Later doctors gave Steve chances for life and he had been operated
on three times. Because of his illness Steve had to resign from one of the posts he
had in Apple in August, 2011.
Steve Jobs died of cancer on October 5, 2011.

1 put him fo r adoption — отдать на усыновление

2 H are Krishna temple — Храм кришнаитов, где можно бы ло получить бесплатно
горячую пищ у
3 stock - акции
4 went public — выбросила свои акции на рынок
5 riva l - соперник
6 softw are - программное обеспечение
7 cancer [’kaensa] - рак (трудноизлечимая болезнь)
 In Doing We Learn

5. a) Using the text as an example to what you say, guess what traits of character
helped Steve when he:

• had no place to sleep and no food to eat;

• decided to give up college;
• started a company with his friend in a small garage;
• decided to work out a new type of a computer - Macintosh;
• was fired from the company he had founded;
• helped Apple to become a strong company again.

b) W hat are the qualities of character that you think you need for a career you
want to choose? W h at should you do to develop them?

6. Listen to Steve Jobs’ advice on how to be a success in life and explain the
phrase “don’t settle” the way you understand it. You need the following words to
understand the text:

faith [feiG] - вера

to settle - з д . успокоиться
secondary f'sekandari] - второстепенное, не главное

7. Complete the text using the correct forms of the words.

Andrew Lloyd Webber is an English ... who achieved a great success COMPOSE
at the age of twenty. Who hasn’t heard about such ... as Cats, Jesus
MUSIC
Christ Superstar, Evita, The Phantom o f the Opera, The Woman in
White? ... and many other musical compositions made Webber one THIS
of the most ... and richest people of Great Britain. Webber has also FAME
a ... of Fine Art known for the works of Old Masters and Pre- COLLECT
Raphaelites. In 2010 Webber sold one picture by Pablo Picasso for
$ 34,7 million to support charity ... . ORGANIZE

8. Open the brackets using the correct tense forms.

Rodger (1) (to tell) his wife, “ I (2) (not to know) what we (3) (to be going) to do. We
have to feed all these puppies, but I (4) (not to write) even one song to sell." “ Don’t
worry. I am sure you (5) ( to write) a hit soon.” Pongo, the dog, (6) (to watch) his master
talking to his wife. He (7) (to want) to help him, but he (8) (not to know) how. Pongo (9)
(to come) to Perdy, his wife, very sad. “What is the matter? You (10) (to look) puzzled.”
“Rodger (11) (to write) ten songs, but he (12) (to think) they (13) (not to be) good enough.
Thus he (14) (not to sell) them.” “What ... you (15) (to think) about his songs?” - “They
(16) (to be) great! But Rodger (17) (to throw) them into the wastebasket.” Rodger and
Anita (18) (to sleep) when Pongo (19) (to look) for the songs in the wastebasket. After he
(20) (to find) the papers, he (21) (to leave) the house and (22) (to run) to the publisher’s
office1.
Lesson 97 Project Work
Lesson 98 Test 6

1 the publisher’s o ffice - издательство

135
NATIONAL EXAM TRAINING

Lesson 99
Part 1. Listening
T ask 1 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Вы услышите 5 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями
каждого говорящего 1—5 и утверждениями, данными в списке A —F. Используйте
каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В
задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу.

A Helpful discovery.
В Learning sky diving.
C A designer of flying machines.
D Broadway applaudes to Russian actors.
E The success of a famous tenor.
F The commander in 5 wars.

Говорящий 1 2 3 4 5

Утверждение

T ask 2 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Вы услышите разговор двух людей. В заданиях А 1 -А 6 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

А1 1 2 3
A2 1 2 3
АЗ 1 2 3
А4 1 2 3
А5 1 2 3
А6 1 2 3

А1 Victor wants to be an engineer.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 Mary made up her mind to become a primary school teacher.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3 Art and History are Mary’s favourite subjects.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4 Mary’s mother is a teacher.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5 Mary has necessary qualities to become a teacher.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 Mary thinks that Pedagogy and Psychology are very difficult subjects.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
________________________________________________ National Exam Training

Part 2. Reading
T ext 1 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Прочитайте текст. Установите соответствие между заголовками A —F и
пронумерованными абзацами текста 1—5. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу.
Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

A. A success in politics
B. Retirement of the great politician
C. Churchill’s book “ Marlborough. His Life and Times”
D. A national leader
E. Sir Winston Churchill’s talents
F. A colourful early career

S ir W in s to n CThu.rch.iTl
1. On the 30th of November, 1874 Lady Randolf Churchill gave birth to Winston Churchill
in a small bedroom at Blenheim Palace. He was the son of Lord Randolf Churchill and
the 7th Duke of Marlborough. His mother, Jennie, was an American. Young Winston was
taught at Harrow School and then joined Military College. He became a cavalry officer
and fought in India and Sudan.

2. Churchill left the army to travel and to write about a new war in Africa called the
Boer War. Once the brave young reporter moved too far into the enemy land. He was
captured and put to prison. Later he escaped from it. Returning to England Churchill
married Clementine Hozier and became successful in the government. Sir Winston
Churchill entered Parliament in 1900 and held a number of important ministerial
posts over the next 55 years. He was Britain’s Prime Minister during 194 0 -1 94 5 and
1951-1955.

3. During 1920s Churchill spent time in and out of government. In the 1930s he warned
people of the dangers Nazis presented in Germany. As World War II broke out in
September 1939, the nation asked Churchill to lead them. His famous speeches gave
the country the strength to fight the war which lay ahead. Churchill played an important
part in convincing American President Roosevelt to join the War.

4. Blenheim Palace was used as boys’ school during the war. 400 pupils lived in the
palace for a year. The Long Library became a huge bedroom and the Great Hall was
used as the school dining room. In 1955 bad health forced Churchill to resign as a
leader. He finally retired from politics in 1964 and died on the 24th of January in
1965.

5. Sir Winston Churchill was not only a successful politician but a writer and a talented
painter as well. He loved the palace and once said, "At Blenheim I took two very
important decisions: to be born and to marry.” Churchill was a war time leader and
a national hero who saved the country when it was in terrible danger. Sir Winston
Churchill was called “Great Briton of All the Times”.

137
T ext 2
Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1—А6
соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о
чем в тексте не сказано, то есть, на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного,
ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated).

A1 1 2 3
A2 1 2 3
A3 1 2 3
A4 1 2 3
A5 1 2 3
A6 1 2 3

S ir C h a r le s S p e n c e r C h a p lin
Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London on April 16, 1889. His father died when
he was a child leaving the family in poverty. Those hard times were often mirrored in
the contrasts of humour and sadness which could be found in Chaplin’s early films. In
1910 he toured the United States with a pantomime company and decided to stay in the
country.
Chaplin first appeared on the screen in 1913 in “Kid Auto Races at Venice”. He was
wearing baggy trousers, enormous shoes, a bowler hat, gloves and had a bamboo stick.
This was his world-famous image of a homeless and penniless little man. The image was
loved by public throughout the world.
Charlie Chaplin played classic roles in more than seventy films during his career. He was
one of the most famous stars in motion-picture history. During the era of silent comedies
he was often called “the funniest man in the world”. His success with the public was
truly unique. This fact opened great opportunities for him to start his own business. He
became the producer-director-script, writer-musician-leading actor of his own comedies.
Chaplin also gained complete control over production of his films.
In 1919 he founded the United Artist Film Corporation with the actor Douglas Fairbanks,
the actress Mary Pickford and the director D. Griffith. He made fewer pictures, and those
he made, were longer and more serious. Charlie Chaplin lived in the USA for more than
forty years but he never became a citizen. He hated fascism and supported communism.
For his political views the US government didn’t allow him to live in America and he and
his family moved to Switzerland.
In 1972 Chaplin took part in ceremonies in his honour in New York and Los Angeles. He
got Oscar at the Annual Academy Award ceremonies in April for making motion pictures
the art of the century. Charlie Chaplin was a talented actor and a talented writer as well.
He wrote the books “ My Autobiography” and “ My Life in Movies" which were very popular.
He died in 1977. Chaplin is remembered by people as one of the most famous stars in
history.

A1 Chaplin first appeared on the screen as a rich funny gentleman.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 His success with the public gave him a chance to travel a lot.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3 Chaplin first appeared in a full-length all-talking film.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
 National Exam Training

A4 Charlie Chaplin had a lot of professions in the film industry.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5 The United Artist Film Corporation produced only sound films.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 Chaplin got Oscar for his role in the film “ Kid Auto Races at Venice."
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Lesson 100
Part 3. The Use of English

1. Read the text below. Use the words in the correct forms.

American Indians have played in (1) ... for a long time. Yet WEST
few films before (2) ... have shown their side of the story. In RECENT
westerns until 1950s Indians were little more than one of the
dangers (3) ... by the brave white pioneers. Since 1950s on it FACE
was a fashion for films (4) ... the whites (5) ... American tribes. SHOW, SYMPATHIZE
Films began to show the Indian way of life more (6) ... “ Little
ACCURATE
Big Man” was the first film where a true native Amerindian
acted a role of an (7) ... . Later in “ Dances with the Wolves" INDIA
all the Indian parts were played by real Indians, (8) ... the rising INCLUDE
Native American star Rodney A. Grant.

2. Read the text below and complete it with the words in the correct grammar form.

After the meeting with the Headmaster of the college Liza’s ASK
elder sister told her that the Headmaster (1) ... her what she DO
(2) ... after school. He also asked how she (3) ... how long she STUDY
(4) ... in their city. Then he wanted to know what career she LIVE
(5) ... and if she (6) ... any sports. CHOOSE DO

Part 4. W riting
(Cl)
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking friend, Charles.

Yesterday at school we had a meeting with people of different

professions. One of them has a very unusual career. He is an ice-cream
taster. Every day he tastes 60 kinds of ice cream fo r his company.
Do you have meetings with such people at your school? What are your
parents' jobs? What do you want to be when you finish your studies?

W rite him a letter and answer his 3 questions.

W rite 100—120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
Lesson 101
Part 5. Speaking
На карточке представлены два задания для устного ответа:
С2 — тематическое монологическое высказывание;
СЗ — диалог.

T a s k l _______________________________________________________________________________________

(С 2 ) S tu d e n t C ard

Give a talk on your parents’ professions.

Remember to say:

• what their jobs are;

• what qualities are necessary for the jobs they have;
• if you would like to follow their steps.
You have to talk for 1.5—2 minutes. The teacher w ill listen until you have finished.
Then she/he w ill ask you some questions.

T a s k 2 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(C 3 ) S tu d e n t C ard (2 -3 m in u te s)
You and your friend are discussing what profession to choose in future. There are
several options to choose from:

• in the sphere of medicine;

• in the sphere of art;
• in the sphere of tourism;
• at the sphere of trade.
Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you both like most of all.
You begin the conversation. The teacher w ill play the role of your friend.
Remember to:
• be active and polite;
• find out the attitude of your friend and take it into account;
• discuss all the options;
• give good reasons;
• come to an agreement.

Lessons 102, 103 Home Reading

Lessons 104, 105 Reserve