PROPOSAL

FOR
Master of Science in electrical engineering
Kampala international university
BY
Jama Adam Salah
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A SOLAR PV SYSTEM
UNIVERSITY OF GOLLIS

MSEE 1153-03216-02533

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
©2016, jama adam salah. All rights reserved

NOVEMBER 2016

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Declaration

I hereby declare that the information contained in this proposal is my own original work, best of
my knowledge, and that’s our original work hence no part of this proposal has ever been
submitted to any Academic institution for the award of a degree.

STUDENT

Name: …………………………………………………………………………

Reg. No: ………………………………………………………………………

Sign: ……………………………………………………………………………

Date: ……………………………………………………………………………

Approval

The foregoing project entitled, “design and simulation of photovoltaic solar system.”
is hereby approved by Kampala international university, department of electrical and
telecommunication engineering as a creditable study of research topic and has been presented in
a satisfactory manner to warrant its acceptance as prerequisite to the degree for which it was
submitted.

Approved by University supervisor

Name: ………………………………………………………………………..

Signature: ……………………………………………………………………………

Date: …………………………………………………………………………..…

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1.0 Abstract
This paper presents the design of electrical solar pv system using the Method of Moment
inculcated in electrical simulation software called Matlab. I discuss design of electrical
renewable energy solar system including components of solar pv system, solar pv technologies,
timer control circuit design and solar power system configuration and classification.

1:0 Introduction

The main sources of world’s energy generation are the fossil fuels (gas, oil,
coal) and nuclear power plants. Due to the usage of fossil fuels, greenhouse
gases (CFC, CH4, O3, but mainly CO2) emit into the atmosphere. From the
nuclear power plant, carbon is released in a small amount (90 grams equivalent
of carbon dioxide per kilowatt hour). But the radioactive waste remains active
over thousand years which is a potential source of environmental pollution.

Figure1.0 Sources of carbon dioxide emissions

The largest object in the solar system is the sun. The sun has a mass of 1.989 x
10^30 kilograms, which is 99 percent of all the mass in the solar system. The
sun also has the largest volume of any object in the solar system. It has a
volume of 1.4 x 10^27 cubic meters, which is large enough to fit 1.3 million
Earths inside. The largest object in the universe is a cluster of quasars that span
4 billion light-years across. One light-year is the distance light travels in one
year. Light travels 9.5 trillion kilometers in one year.In electricity generation, a
generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for
use in an external circuit. The word Photovoltaic is a combination of the Greek

3
word for Light and the name of the physicist Alexandro Volta. It identifies the
direct conversion of sunlight into energy by means of solar cells.

1.2 Background

The electricity generation is source of the highest emission of carbon dioxide. So, production of
this clean energy is actually contributing the highest towards global warming. Global warming as
well as the environmental pollution is, in our times, the greatest environmental threat to human
being. On the other hand, there is an alarming energy crisis worldwide as fossil fuel reserves
decrease and the ageing power plants are going to close in near future. From the aspect of global
warming and shortage of natural gas, scientists and engineers are looking for clean, renewable
energies. Solar energy is the one of the best options. Because the earth receives 3.8 YJ ,1YJ =
1024 of energy which is 6000 times greater than the worlds consumption. Somalia is facing an
acute shortage of energy. Natural gas is the main source of electricity generation in Somalia. But
the limited gas reserves cannot fulfill the necessities of both domestic requirements and
industrial and commercial demands, especially demands for electricity generation for long.
Somalia power bills are among the most expensive in the world, dampening the prospect of
attracting capital inflows from investors as stability makes a return in to the country. The plan
will involve designing of solar renewable energy to boost electricity access in towns and homes
at us$ 0.5 per unit (kilowatt hour) or half the current average tariff of us$ 1 per unit. If the plan
implement, Somalia install power capacity will grow from the current 85 megawatts (mw) to 285
megawatts by diversifying its energy mix to include solar and wind farms that will potentially
lead to a massive economic growth. Somalia homes on average spend about 30 percent of their
incomes on energy needs, highlighting the central role of the utility in people’s welfare. At
almost us$ 1 per unit, Mogadishu power rates are five times more than what private firms charge
in neighbouring Kenya for electricity from diesel generators at us$ 0.18 per unit, with Uganda
charging us$ 0.40 and Burundi at us$0.12 per unit.

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1.3 Problem statement
Electrical generators and power inverters cause greatest number of faults in wind
turbines.realiabilty analysis will be performed on electrical machines for offshore
renewable energy solar system.
Using fuel and diesel Most of the power generators are noisy during its operation which
causes disturbances to the neighborhood.
The cost of fuel are expensive according to solar photovoltaic system.

Objectives of the Project

1.4 Main Objective

The purpose of this academic research study is to come up with a system that designing
and simulating electrical solar pv system. that will be of quality, affordable and able to
accurately generate reliable power system. The main objective of our work is to come up
design of electrical solar photovoltaic system that reduces the noises of electrical
generators in Gollis University during the studying time, to improve the reliability of the
system as well as decrease the fault of the electrical machines.

1.4.1 Specific Objectives

 To determine whether problems exist, what form they take , and their relative importance
in different context
 The system utilizes 2kw solar photovoltaic panels is to satisfy with the electricity needs
of Gollis university.
 Using the results from this design we will simulate solar photovoltaic system to decrease
the interference and noise.
 To demonstrate, identify and locate where the generator fail and to produce a high
quality power .
 to integrate solar photovoltaic components and simulate within one system with the
helping of matlab Simulink
 To know where the system are mostly faulting and adjust the initial design of solar
photovoltaic system.

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  Design and simulate photovoltaic solar system (pv) with battery backup for Gollis
university hargeisa

1.4.2 Scope of the study

Any research has a scope and it is never complete compilation of all related topics in the field.
The scope of this research is to design and simulate electrical solar photovoltaic system, the
environmental suitability of the designed solar system comparison to a fuel generation/ plant of
same capacity.

1.4.3 Time scope

The project will be conducted from june 2016 – may 2017

1.4.4 Content scope

 Using matlab simulink in order to design and simulate electrical solar photovoltaic
system will help the choice of reliable power system.

1.4.5 Significance of the project

 To come up with a system that provide reliable power system and regulate the energy of
solar system.
 To come up system that eliminates the radioactive waste of environmental and increase
the quality of the power system.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction
This paper presents work of different scholars related to the design of electrical solar
systems. Also it focuses on reviewing the literature related to the study. It starts with a
definition of a few key terms used in the study. The primary aim of this literature review is
to analyze what has been researched in related to the topic under study. This will provide
profound insight into the topic and facilitate the interpretation of the solar.
2.1 Solar Power System Configuration and Classifications
There are four types of solar power systems:

 Directly connected dc solar power system

 Stand-alone dc solar power system with battery backup
 Stand-alone hybrid solar power system with generator and battery backup
 Grid-connected solar power cogeneration system.

DIRECTLY CONNECTED DC SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

the solar system configuration consists of a required number of solar.photovoltaic cells,

commonly referred to as PV modules, connected in series or in parallel to attain the required
voltage output. Figure 1.1 shows four PV modules that have been connected in parallel. The
positive output of each module is protected by an appropriate overcurrent device, such as a fuse.
Paralleled output of the solar array is in turn connected to a dc motor via a two-pole single throw
switch.

A three-panel solar array diagram.

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Figure 1.1 A directly connected solar power dc pump diagram.

protected with a forward-biased diode connected to the positive output of individual solar panels
(not shown in Figure 1.1). An appropriate surge protector connected between the positive and
negative supply provides protection against lightning surges, which could damage the solar array
system components. In order to provide equipment-grounding bias, the chassis or enclosures of
all PV modules and the dc motor pump are tied together by means of grounding clamps.

STAND-ALONE DC SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

WITH BATTERY BACKUP

The solar power photovoltaic array configuration shown in Figure 3.3, a dc system with battery
backup, is essentially the same as the one without the battery except that there are a few

additional components that are required to provide battery charge stability.

Figure 1.2 Battery-backed solar power–driven dc pump.

Stand-alone PV system arrays are connected in series to obtain the desired dc voltage, such as
12, 24, or 48 V; outputs of that are in turn connected to a dc collector panel equipped with
specially rated overcurrent devices, such as ceramic-type fuses. The positive lead of each PV
array conductor is connected to a dedicated fuse, and the negative lead is connected to a
common neutral bus. All fuses as well are connected to a common positive bus. The output of
the dc collector bus, which represents the collective amperes and voltages of the overall array

8
group, is connected to a dc charge controller, which regulates the current output and prevents
the voltage level from exceeding the maximum needed for charging the batteries. The output of
the charge controller is connected to the battery bank by means of a dual dc cutoff disconnect.
As depicted in Figure 3.3, the cutoff switch, when turned off for safety measures, disconnects
the load and the PV arrays simultaneously. Under normal operation, during the daytime when
there is adequate solar insolation, the load is supplied with dc power while simultaneously
charging the battery. When sizing the solar power system, take into account that the dc power
output from the PV arrays should be adequate to sustain the connected load and the battery
trickle charge requirements.

STAND-ALONE HYBRID AC SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

WITH GENERATOR AND BATTERY BACKUP

A stand-alone hybrid solar power configuration is essentially identical to the dc solar power
system just discussed, except that it incorporates two additional components, as shown in
Figure 3.4. The first component is an inverter. Inverters are electronic power equipment
designed to convert direct current into alternating current.

Figure 1.3 stand-alone hybrid ac solar power system

with generator and battery backup.

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 Any power waveform, when analyzed from a mathematical point of view, essentially consists
of the superimposition of many sinusoidal waveforms, referred to as harmonics. The first
harmonic represents a pure sinusoidal waveform, which has a unit base wavelength, amplitude,
and frequency of repetition over a unit of time called Stand-alone hybrid solar power system
with standby generator.

2.2 Types of Solar PV System

Solar PV systems can be classified based on the end-use application of the technology.
There are two main types of solar PV systems: grid-connected (or grid-tied) and off-grid (or
standalone) solar PV systems.
Electricity produced by the solar PV installation is in the form of DC. The output of the
PV installation is connected through the DC main cables to the DC terminals of the PV inverter
where electricity is converted from DC into AC. After conversion, the AC current of the PV
inverter is connected through PV supply cable to the building’s electrical installation (AC
distribution board). Figure 1.4 shows a typical PV inverter connected to the electrical installation
of a building. Note that the actual configuration of the PV inverter may vary across different
systems.

Figure 1.4 Typical PV inverter connected to a building’s electrical installation

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Just like any electrical installation in a building, earthling is an important safety requirement for
solar PV system. Arrangement must be made for proper connection of the solar PV system to the
consumer’s electrical installation earthling system. It is the responsibility of the consumers to
have their solar PV systems maintained regularly to ensure safe operation of their solar PV
systems and electrical installations.
See Figure 2.1 for a diagram showing the solar PV system forming part of a consumer’s
electrical installation.

Figure 2.1. Solar PV system forming part of a consumer’s electrical installation

2.3 Grid-connected solar PV systems

The main application of solar PV in Singapore is grid-connected, as Singapore’s main island is
well covered by the national power grid. Most solar PV systems are installed on buildings or
mounted on the ground if land is not a constraint. For buildings, they are either mounted on the
roof or integrated into the building. The latter is also known as Building Integrated Photovoltaic
(“BIPV”). With BIPV, the PV module usually displaces another building component, e.g.
window glass or roof/wall cladding, thereby serving a dual purpose and offsetting some costs.
The configuration of a grid-connected solar PV system is shown in Figure 2.2

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Figure 2.2 Grid-connected solar PV system configuration

A building has two parallel power supplies, one from the solar PV system and the other from the
power grid. The combined power supply feeds all the loads connected to the main ACDB.
The ratio of solar PV supply to power grid supply varies, depending on the size of the solar PV
system. Whenever the solar PV supply exceeds the building’s demand, excess electricity will be
exported into the grid. When there is no sunlight to generate PV electricity at night, the power
grid will supply all of the building’s demand.

2.4 Off-grid solar PV systems

Off-grid solar PV systems are applicable for areas without power grid. Currently, such solar PV
systems are usually installed at isolated sites where the power grid is far away, such as rural
areas or off-shore islands. But they may also be installed within the city in situations where it is
inconvenient or too costly to tap electricity from the power grid. For example, in Singapore,
several URA parking sign lights are powered by off-grid solar PV systems. An off-grid solar PV
system needs deep cycle rechargeable batteries such as lead-acid, nickel-cadmium or lithium-ion
batteries to store electricity for use under conditions where there is little or no output from the
solar PV system, such as during the night, as

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Shown in Figure 2.3 below.

Figure 2.3 Off-grid solar PV system configuration

3.1 METHODOLOGY

Design of the project

The methodology that we used for this study included the preparation of the inputs and
calculations that are required for the simulation process. These inputs can be technical
specifications of the PV panels, batteries,inverters, controllers and generators, etc. Most of
the electrical equipment work with the 220V AC supply but internally, their circuit work on
the DC supply. Hence the external AC supply is converted into DC supply by the power
supply unit on these equipment’s. Any device that works on DC supply can be used during
the mains power breakdown by connecting them to batteries. But batteries have a fixed life
and running power consuming equipment using the battery could be very expensive .
Hence, rechargeable batteries can be used in this type of situation to reduce the cost. An
inverter is used to power device that does not have the facility to connect to a DC power
source or device that requires AC power source for its operation.
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Figure 3.1 block diagram of suggested design of electrical solar system.
3.2 Components of a solar PV system
A typical solar PV system consists of solar panel, charge controller, batteries, inverter
and the load. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of such a system.

Solar Charge Battery Inverter AC power

panel controller system

DC power

Figure 4 . Block diagram of a typical solar PV system

3.3 Solar module

Solar panels produce electricity from sunlight. The first solar panel-powered satellite
was launched in 1958 by Hoffman Electronics. A solar panel consists of number of
photovoltaic (PV) solar cells connected in series and parallel. These cells are made up

14
of at least two layers of semiconductor material (usually pure silicon infused with boron
and phosphorous). One layer has a positive charge; the other has a negative charge.
When sunlight strikes the solar panel, photons from the light are absorbed by the
semiconductor atoms, which then release electrons. The electrons, flowing from the
negative layer (n-type) of semiconductor, flow to the positive layer (p-type), producing
an electrical current. Since the electric current flows in one direction (like a battery), the
electricity generated is DC. The main part of a solar electric system is the solar panel.
There are various types of solar panel available in the market. Solar panels are also
known as photovoltaic solar panels. Solar panel or solar module is basically an array of
series and parallel connected solar cells. The potential difference developed across a
solar cell is about 0.5 volt and hence desired number of such cells to be connected in
series to achieve 14 to 18 volts to charge a standard battery of 12 volts. Solar panels are
connected together to create a solar array. Multiple panels are connected together both
in parallel and series to achieve higher current and higher voltage respectively. In grid-
tie solar generation system, the solar modules are directly connected to inverter not with
load. The power collected from solar panel not in constant rate rather it varies with
intensity of sunlight. This is the reason why solar modules or panels do not feed any
electrical equipment directly instead they feed an inverter whose output is synchronized
with external grid supply. Inverter takes care of the voltage level and frequency of the
output power from the solar system it always maintains with that of grid power level.
We offer a wide variety of modules, with output warranties varying from 20 to 25 years
for the larger panels. Solar modules should be mounted facing due south with NO
shading; if you plan to adjust the array seasonally, the winter angle will be latitude plus
15%, in summer, latitude minus 15%. Since we typically expect the solar modules to
last a minimum of 20 to as many as 40 years, do not skimp on a mount structure. The
panels are too expensive to let blow away! We offer trackers for those who need the
increased summer power output; however, in many situations a client may be better off
adding more modules (for greater power availability in winter) than spending money on
a tracker. Different sizes and makes of modules can generally be mixed in a 12V
system. However, in a 24V system, identical modules will have to be acquired in sets
of two, and wired in series.

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3.4 Batteries
To store charges batteries are used. There are many types of batteries available in the market. But
all of them are not suitable for solar PV technologies. Mostly used batteries are nickel/cadmium
batteries. There are some other types of high energy density batteries such as- sodium/sulphur,
zinc/bromine flow batteries. But for the medium term batteries nickel/metal hydride battery has
the best cycling performance. For the long term option iron/chromium redox and zinc/manganese
batteries are best. Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) batteries are also one of the best available potions
for solar PV use. A battery bank connected parallel to this system takes care of that. Here the
battery is charged by solar electricity and this battery then feeds a load directly or through an
inverter. In this way variation of power quality due to variation of sunlight intensity can be
avoided in solar power system instead an uninterrupted uniform power supply is maintained.
Normally Deep cycle lead acid batteries are used for this purpose. These batteries are typically
designed to make capable of several charging and discharging during service. The battery sets
available in the market are generally of either 6 volt or 12 volts. Hence number of such batteries
can be connected in both series as well as parallel to get higher voltage and current rating of the
battery system

3.4.1 Controller

When battery is included in a system, the necessity of charge controller comes forward. A charge
controller controls the uncertain voltage build up. In a bright sunny day the solar cells produce
more voltage that can lead to battery damage. A charge controller helps to maintain the balance
in charging the battery. This is not desirable to overcharge and under discharge a lead acid
battery. Both overcharging and under discharging can badly damage the battery system. To avoid
these both situations a controller is required to attach with the system to maintain flow of current
to the batteries.

3.4.2 Inverter

Solar panel generates dc electricity but most of the household and industrial
appliances need ac current. Inverter converts the dc current of panel or battery
to the ac current. We can divide the inverter into two categories. They are-
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 • Stand alone and
• Line-tied or utility-interactive

It is obvious that the electricity produced in a solar panel is DC. Electricity we get from the grid
supply is AC. So for running common equipment from grid as well as solar system, it is required
to install an inverter to convert DC of solar system to AC of same level as grid supply. In off grid
system the inverter is directly connected across the battery terminals so that DC coming from the
batteries is first converted to AC then fed to the equipment. In grid tie system the solar panel is
directly connected to inverter and this inverter then feeds the grid with same voltage and
frequency power.

3.4.3 Timer control circuit design

Simple example of how to make a charge controller.

This charge controller is built around a 555 timer IC. This chip has two inputs (pins 2 and 6). It
compares these input voltages to a set of reference voltages that are based on the supply voltage.
If the voltage at pin 2 drops below the 1/3 of the supply voltage, then the output at pin 3 goes
high. If the voltage at pin 6 goes above 2/3 of the supply voltage, then the output at pin 3 goes
low. By using the 7805 voltage regulator, we can fix the supply voltage to 5 volts. So 1/3 of the
supply voltage will always be 1.66V and 2/3 of the supply voltage will always be 3.33V. The
input voltages at pin 2 and 6 are dependent on the voltage of the battery. Each input has a voltage
divider that is made of two resistors. The ratio of the two resistors determines what percentage of
the battery voltage is sent to the input pins. In this example the pin 2 voltage divider uses a 68
kohm resistor and a 10 kohm resistor. This means that the voltage at pin 2 will always be 12.8%
of the battery's voltage. Similarly, the voltage divider at pin 6 uses a 33 kohm resistor and a 10
kohm resistor. This means that the voltage at pin 6 will always be 23.2% of the battery's voltage.
This is only approximate because all resistors will vary a little from the indicated value. When
the battery's voltage goes above 14.4 volts, the output of the 555 goes low and activates the relay.
This disconnects the battery from the solar panel. When the battery's voltage drops below 13
volts, the output of the 555 will go high and deactivate the relay. This resets the system for
another charging cycle. In the case of cordless power tool batteries, this will happen when you
17
disconnect the battery. But in a typical solar system, the battery stays connected and the voltage
will drop as the power is used. If your battery has a different operating voltage, you can change
the voltage setting of the charge controller by using different values for the resistors. The 33
kohm resistor can be replaced using the formula R = (3 x Vcutoff) - 10 (in kohm's). The 68 kohm
resistor can be replaced using the formula R = (6 x Vreset) - 10 (in kohms).

Fig 3.4 555 timer control circuit design

3.4.4 Solar PV technologies

With the growing demand of solar power new technologies are being introduced and
existing technologies are developing. There are four types of solar PV cells:

• Single crystalline or mono crystalline

• Multi- or poly-crystalline
• Thin film
• Amorphous silicon

Single-crystalline or mono crystalline: It is widely available and the most

efficient cells materials among all. They produce the most power per square
foot of module. Each cell is cut from a single crystal. The wafers then further

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cut into the shape of rectangular cells to maximize the number of cells in the
solar panel.

Polycrystalline cells: They are made from similar silicon material except that
instead of being grown into a single crystal, they are melted and poured into a
mold. This forms a square block that can be cut into square wafers with less
waste of space or material than round single-crystal wafers.

Thin film panels: It is the newest technology introduced to solar cell

technology. Copper indium dieseline, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide
are all thin film materials. They are directly deposited on glass, stainless steel,
or other compatible substrate materials. Some of them perform slightly better
than crystalline modules under low light conditions. A thin film is very thin-a
few micrometer or less.

Amorphous Silicon: Amorphous silicon is newest in the thin film technology.

In this technology amorphous silicon vapor is deposited on a couple of micro
meter thick amorphous films on stainless steel rolls. Compared to the
crystalline silicon, this technology uses only 1% of the material.

Table 1 below shows the efficiency of different types of solar cells.

Table1. Efficiency of different types of solar cells

Cell type Efficiency, %

Mono crystalline 12 – 18
Polycrystalline 12 – 18
Thin film 8 – 10
Amorphous Silicon 6–8

3.4.5 Load survey of Gollis University

Finding out and understanding the total energy consumption of Gollis
University is the first step through designing an Energy Program for Gollis
University. In this part we observed the data of energy consumption figures

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and facts of Gollis University. We collected the peak and off peak data. We
analyzed the monthly load from October 2015 to September 2016.

3.4.6 Gollis University electrical energy consumption

Annual electrical energy consumption of Gollis University is 28,880 kWh. The

total off peak energy consumption is 292,400 kWh and the peak energy
consumption is 3, 82,480 kWh. Average energy monthly consumption
including off peak and peak is 1, 23573 kWh.

3.4.7 Gollis University monthly energy consumption

By using the data of monthly electricity bill of Gollis University we can

determine the monthly, yearly and average energy consumption by Gollis
University. Beside we can show the peak and off-peak energy consumption.
Peak-hour: peak hour is from 9am to 5pm

Off-peak hour: off-peak hour is from 5pm to 8am

The data of monthly, monthly average and peak off-peak energy consumption Gollis
University is given bellow in table no 2

Table 2. Monthly electricity bill, Gollis University

Month Off peak consumption Peak consumption

(kWh) (kWh)
October,2015 1000 3050
November,2016 19150 8280
December,2016 11860 6800
January,2016 14860 42600
February,2016 15200 30000
March,2016 19120 3920
April,2016 182400 39520

May,2016 20760 14560

June,2016 24080 20520
July,2016 21800 16480

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 August,2016 21880 31520
September,2016 22920 19520
Average 19033 20040

The energy consumption by Gollis University is given by the bellow bar chart

Total monthly energy consumption (kWh)

350000

300000

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0
oct nov dec jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep

months(october15-december16)

Figure 5. Monthly energy consumption from October 2015 to September 2016

From the above fig 5 we can see the variation of monthly energy consumption
of Gollis University. From the above figure we can see that the highest energy
consumption in October 2015 and the lowest in December 2015.

The chart of peak and off-peak consumption is given below:

Monthly off peak energy consumption
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
oct nov dec jan feb mar apr may jun july aug sep
Months (october15-December16)

From the figure 6 we can see that the month of June has the most off –peak energy consumption

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 Monthly energy consumption in peak hour
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
oct nov dec jan feb mar apr may jun july aug sep
months(october15-december16)
Figure 7. Monthly peak energy consumption of Gollis University
From the figure 7 we can see that the month of October has the most energy consumption.

3.4.8 Software requirement of the project Matlab

• Matlab help me to simulate and design photovoltaic solar system and solves the motion
of the planets and writes the output into data.it predicts and stores the position and
velocity in all the dimensions of all the planets and the sun.to replace difficult function
into data form.

3.4.10 Limitations

 The biggest limitations of solar system is during the winter time, the sunlight is not
sufficient to give enough radiation to the photovoltaic panel.
 Battery bank replacement after a period of time.
 It needs more technical hand to carry out maintenance
 It’s expensive at the initial installation
 Most of solar system is limited to energy saver appliances

3.4.10 Conclusion
We are facing fuel shortage for electricity generation and in the near future the whole world
going to face the same scarcity because world limited fuel stock. So worldwide renewable

22
energy demand and research are rising. So I choose solar system in Gollis University. Solar
photovoltaic system or Solar power system is one of renewable energy system which uses pv
modules to convert sunlight into electricity. The electricity generated can be either stored or used
directly, fed back into grid line or combined with one or more other electricity generators or
more renewable energy source. Solar pv system is very reliable and clean source of electricity
that can suit a wide range of applications such as residence, industry, agriculture, livestock, The
plan will involve designing of solar renewable energy to boost electricity access in towns and
homes at the lowest price.

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