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The document discusses female foeticide and infanticide, highlighting their prevalence, cultural factors, and statistical evidence from various sources including UN reports and government publications. It outlines the legal measures, government initiatives, and recommendations for addressing these issues, alongside the impact on gender imbalances and societal consequences. The document also references case studies and literature reviews that provide insights into the historical context and current practices related to gender-based violence.

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Aadya Parashar
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References

The document discusses female foeticide and infanticide, highlighting their prevalence, cultural factors, and statistical evidence from various sources including UN reports and government publications. It outlines the legal measures, government initiatives, and recommendations for addressing these issues, alongside the impact on gender imbalances and societal consequences. The document also references case studies and literature reviews that provide insights into the historical context and current practices related to gender-based violence.

Uploaded by

Aadya Parashar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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References (Introduction to Female Foeticide and Infanticide)

Female Foeticide:

1. Prevalence and Cultural Factors:


● The Public Health Advocate​​
● Thomson Reuters Foundation ​.

2. Statistical Evidence:
● Thomson Reuters Foundation​​
● DownToEarth

3. Legal Measures and Challenges:


● Thomson Reuters Foundation​​
● DownToEarth

Female Infanticide:

1. Prevalence and Cultural Pressures:


● DownToEarth
● UN Women

2. Statistical Evidence:
● DownToEarth

3. Government Initiatives:
● DownToEarth

Prevalence and Statistics

1. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Reports


○ UNFPA regularly publishes reports on gender-based issues, including sex ratios
and the impact of female foeticide and infanticide.

○ Example: UNFPA State of World Population 2020

2. Census of India Reports


○ The Census 2011 data provides detailed statistics on the child sex ratio in India.
○ Census of India 2011

3. China's National Bureau of Statistics


○ The National Bureau of Statistics in China publishes demographic data, including
sex ratios.

○ Example: Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2020


National Economic and Social Development

Causes and Contributing Factors

4. Research Papers and Journal Articles


○ Academic research provides in-depth analysis of the cultural, economic, and
technological factors contributing to female foeticide and infanticide.

○ Example: "Missing Women and India's Economic Growth" by Amartya Sen


(2003) in Frontline.

5. World Bank Reports


○ The World Bank publishes reports on social and economic factors influencing
gender disparities.

○ Example: World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development

Impact

6. Population and Development Review


○ Scholarly articles on the demographic and social impacts of gender imbalances.

○ Example: "The Consequences of Son Preference and Sex-Selective Abortion in


China and Other Asian Countries" by Therese Hesketh and Zhu Wei Xing (2006).

7. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)


○ Reports on human trafficking and violence against women, linked to gender
imbalances.

○ Example: Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2020

Government and Policy Responses

8. Government of India Publications


○ Documentation on legal measures and public campaigns, such as the PCPNDT
Act and Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao scheme.

○ Example: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India

9. Chinese Government Policy Documents


○ Policies and campaigns to address gender imbalances post one-child policy.

○ Example: National Health and Family Planning Commission of China.

Recommendations

10. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Reports


○ Reports and recommendations from NGOs working on gender equality and
women’s rights.

○ Example: Save the Children, "Every Last Girl: Free to Live, Free to Learn, Free
from Harm" (2016): Link

11. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)


○ SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, with targets
and indicators related to reducing gender-based violence and discrimination.
○ Example: United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

References (Solutions)

1. The Brief India


2. Budding Sociologist

References (Case Studies on Female Infanticide and Foeticide in India)

Historical Context and Cultural Factors


1. Office of Justice Programs

Current Practices and Statistics


1. Down To Earth
2. Public Health Advocate

Legal and Policy Measures


1. Down To Earth
2. Public Health Advocate

Case Study: South Korea's Success


1. Down to Earth

Impact and Consequences


1. Public Health Advocate
2. Office of Justice Programs

References(Statement of Purpose)

1. UNICEF (2007). "State of the World's Children 2007: The Double Dividend of Gender
Equality." UNICEF. Retrieved from UNICEF Website.

2. Jha, P., Kesler, M. A., Kumar, R., Ram, F., Ram, U., Aleksandrowicz, L., ... & Bassani, D.
G. (2011). "Trends in selective abortions of girls in India: Analysis of nationally
representative birth histories from 1990 to 2005 and census data from 1991 to 2011."
The Lancet, 377(9781), 1921-1928.

3. George, S. M. (2006). "Millions of Missing Girls: From Fetal Sexing to High Technology
Sex Selection in India." Prenatal Diagnosis, 26(7), 604-609.

4. Kumari, R., & Srivastava, S. K. (2020). "Female Foeticide in India: A Case Study of the
State of Haryana." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 10(2),
1-11.

5. Sen, A. (1990). "More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing." The New York Review of
Books, 37(20), 61-66.

6. Bhat, P. M. (2002). "Sex ratio in India: A review of recent trends and possible
explanations." Demography India, 31(1), 1-26.

7. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2018). "Annual Report
2017-2018." Retrieved from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Website.

8. Patel, V. (2007). "The Political Economy of Missing Girls in India." The International
Journal of Health Services, 37(2), 279-298.

9. Singh, P., & Singh, K. (2014). "Declining Child Sex Ratio in India: Trends, Issues and
Concerns." Journal of Economic and Social Development, 10(2), 18-28.

10. World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). "Preventing Gender-Biased Sex Selection: An
Interagency Statement OHCHR, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women and WHO." Retrieved
from WHO Website.
References (For Literature Review)

1. Sen, Amartya. "More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing." The New York Review of
Books, 1990.

2. Miller, Barbara D. "Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns, Policies, and Debates."


American Anthropologist, 2001.

3. Das Gupta, Monica, et al. "Why is Son Preference So Persistent in East and South
Asia? A Cross-country Study of China, India and the Republic of Korea." World Bank
Policy Research Working Paper, 2003.

4. Guilmoto, Christophe Z. "Sex Ratios and Sex Selection: Recent Trends and Evidence."
Population and Development Review, 2012.

5. Hesketh, Therese, and Zhu Wei Xing. "Abnormal Sex Ratios in Human Populations:
Causes and Consequences." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006.
6. Government of India. "Census of India 2011."

7. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). "Sex Ratios and Gender Biased Sex
Selection: History, Debates and Future Directions."

8. Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. "Beti Bachao, Beti
Padhao Scheme."

9. Eberstadt, Nicholas. "The Demographic Future: What Population Growth—and


Decline—Means for the Global Economy." Foreign Affairs, 2010.

10. Attané, Isabelle. "The Demographic Masculinization of China: Hoping for a Son."
Population and Societies, 2006.

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