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Week 4

The document outlines various reporting tools and techniques used for data analysis and process improvement, including histograms, control charts, and Pareto charts. It also discusses methods for identifying causes of problems, such as cause and effect diagrams and the 5 Whys technique. Additionally, it highlights common areas for process improvement and waste reduction.

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Laarni Mae Generales
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5 views

Week 4

The document outlines various reporting tools and techniques used for data analysis and process improvement, including histograms, control charts, and Pareto charts. It also discusses methods for identifying causes of problems, such as cause and effect diagrams and the 5 Whys technique. Additionally, it highlights common areas for process improvement and waste reduction.

Uploaded by

Laarni Mae Generales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPORTING

TOOLS
Histograms
A plot that lets you
discover, and show, the
underlying frequency
distribution (shape) of a
set of continuous data.
This allows the inspection
of the data for its
underlying distribution,
outliers, skewness, etc.
Control Chart
A graph used to study
how a process changes
over time. Data are
plotted in time order.
Always has a central line
for the average, an upper
line for the upper control
limit and a lower line for
the lower control limit.
Pareto Chart
A graph that indicates the
frequency of defects, as
well as their cumulative
impact.
Cause and
Effect
Diagram
A tool that helps identify,
sort, and display possible
causes of a specific
problem or quality
characteristics.
It graphically illustrates the
relationship between a
given outcome and all
the factors that influence
the outcome.
Force field
analysis
A basic tool for root cause
analysis that can help you
take action once the root
cause has been identified.
Flowcharts
Type of diagram that
represents a workflow or
process
Common Process Improvement Areas
◦ Backlogs
◦ Cycle time
Takt time
Eight Areas of Waste
◦ Transportation
◦ Unnecessary inventory
◦ Excess Motion
◦ Waiting
◦ Unnecessary processing or paperwork
◦ Defects
◦ Overproduction
◦ Underutilized employees
Affinity
Diagram
useful to gather large
amounts of data,
organizing the data into
groupings or themes (i.e.,
creating clusters based on
the affinity that some items
have to others), when you
need group consensus, and
when issues seem too large
and complex to organize.
Check sheet
a structured form or
document used to collect
and analyze data.
can be used when the
data are observed and
collected repeatedly and
the intent is to document
the frequency or pattern
of problems, defects,
defect causes, or events
Scatter
Diagram
visual tool for analyzing
pairs of numerical data
and showing the
relationship between two
variables.
The relationship has two
general key elements:
direction and intensity.
5s
◦ a workplace method that uses a list of five Japanese words to describe how to clear, organize, and
maintain the workspace for efficiency and effectiveness by identifying, storing, and maintaining the
items used, maintaining the physical space and items, and sustaining the arrangement.
RACI Diagram
a simple matrix used to
assign roles and
responsibilities for each
task, milestone, or decision
on a project
SIPOC Map
used by a team to identify
all relevant elements of a
process before work
begins.
Poka Yoke / Mistake Proofing
◦ the term used to describe a mechanism in a process that helps operators avoid
mistakes.
◦ Principles include:
◦ Elimination
◦ Replacement
◦ Facilitation
◦ Detection
◦ Mitigation
Benchmarking
◦ consists of comparing at least one performance metric to a standard, or multiple
performance metrics to each other.
5 Whys
◦ an iterative technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a
problem.

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