Modifier Or Noun Modifiers

Modifier: যে সব Word বা Phrase Noun এর আগে বা পরে বসে Noun কে modify (বিশেষিত) করে
সেগুলোকে Modifier বা Noun Modifier বলে।

There are two types of modifiers:

(1) Pre-modifier.

(2) Post-modifier.

* Pre-modifier: যে Modifier Noun এর আগে বসে তাকে Pre-modifier বলে।

* Determiners, Quantifiers, Possessives এবং noun adjective ও Pre-modifiers হিসেবে ব্যবরিত হয়।

Determiners (Controller, Director) as Pre-modifiers: Determiners ( a, an, the, such, each, every, no,
some, any, many, etc. );

Examples: (1) This is a girl.

(3) Those boys and girls are very intelligent.

(4) My house is on the other side of the road.

Demonstrative as Pre-modifiers: Demonstratives (This, that, these, those )

Examples: (1) These mangoes are green.

(2) Those mangoes are ripe.

Quantifiers as Pre-modifiers: Quantifiers যেমন: much, many, several, some, a lot of, few, one, two,
three, four, five etc. Pre-modifiers হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Examples: (1) Many people came to meet you. They wanted to talk to you about the recent crisis in the
ministry.

(2) There was a dreadful road accident yesterday. Three people died on the spot. Five people were
severely injured in the accident.

Possessives as Pre-modifiers: possessives যেমন: my, our, your, his, her, their, its etc. Pre-modifiers
হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Examples: (1) Your attitude is objectionable. So try to change it.

(2) Their movement is suspicious.so keep an eye on them.

Examples: (1) She wanted to buy an air ticket. But no passenger flight was departing on that day. Finally
she asked for an online booking advice form.

Adjectives as Pre-modifiers:

Examples: (1) A lazy man cannot be an early riser.

(2) A clever boy like you cannot do such a foolish work.

(3) shefali is a beautiful girl.

Now raed the passage carefully:

We had a pleasant journey this time. We booked a spacious room with comfortable beds. We enjoyed a
fabulous outing in the evening, following by a grand dinner. In that big dining hall, we listened to the
piano played by a local artist. As we got back to the hotel, the soothing melody of the piano was still
heard in the serenity of the virgin night.

এখানে Adjective নিজেই Adverb দ্বারা modified হতে পারে। নিচের bold করা শব্দগুলো দেখা
যাক।

We had a very pleasant journey this time. We booked a spacious room with really comfortable beds. We
enjoyed a quite fabulous outing in the evening, followed by a grand dinner.

Present participle (ing-participle) as Pre-modifiers:

Examples: (1) A darkening sky may bring showers.

(2) A life of increasing labor and decreasing leisure is the characteristic of modern civilization.

Past participle (ed/en-participle) as Pre-modifiers:

Examples:

(1) The injured cat is limping.

(2) A burnt child dreads the fire.

(3) The worried man could not attend the guests.

(4) He did not like to live in the haunted house.

Nominal Compound as Pre-modifiers ( নাম মিশ্রিত করা ) :

(2) Try to use this labor saving method.

(3) You should be aware of the Calcutta bus routes.

(4) We live in a two storied building.

Post-modifier: যে modifier, noun head এর পরে বসে তাকে Post-modifier বলে। একটি Noun তার
অনুগামী Phrase কিংবা Clause দ্বারা modified হতে পারে। Pre-modifier এর মতো Post-modifier
বিভিন্ন ধরণের হয়।

Relative Clause as Post-modifier (তুলনামূলক ধারা ) : Relative Clause adjective এর মতো কাজ করে।

(1) The boy who came here is my cousin.

(2) This is the place where he was born.

(3) This is the pen which I lost yesterday.

(4) I want a car that I can drive.

Present Participle as Post-modifier: Present Participle means Verb+ing যখন Adjective এর মতো কাজ
করে।

Examples: (1) I found an old woman standing at the door.

(2) I used to watch the flower plant growing everyday.

(3) We saw the beggar looking out hopelessly.

(4) The student working in the laboratory is very brilliant.

Past Participle as Post-modifier: Past Participle means used attributively, predicatively and in passive
voice.

Noun এর পূর্বে Adjective এর মতো যখন Past Participle ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন তাকে attributively used
past participle বলে।

আর Predicate বা বিধেয় অংশে ব্যবহৃত হলে Predicatively used past participle বলে।

Examples: (1) I saw a man injured by an accident.

(2) A tiger killed by the hunter was left in the jungle.

(3) He has got the money sent by his father.

(4) I have got the letter written by you.

Infinitives means to + verb

(1) She got a nice pen to write with.

(2) Here is a chair to sit on.

(3) I am the last man to leave the place.

(4) She got a nice bat to play with.

Nominal Clause ( নাম সংশ্লিষ্ট ধারা ) as Appositive ( প্রয়োগ ) used as post modifiers

Nominal clause Noun এর মতো কাজ করে।

Examples: (1) The report that he was murdered is true.

(2) Our hope that he would come back home proved false.

(3) The idea that she did it was strong.

Relative clause as postmodifier ( তুলনামূলক ধারা )

Relative Clause adjective এর মতো কাজ করে।

Examples:(1) The boy who came here is my cousin.

(2) This is the place where he was born.

(3) This is the pen which I lost yesterday.

(4) I want a car that I can drive.

Appositive as post modifier: যখন দুটি Noun পাশাপাশি বসে একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে
বোঝায় তখন Noun টিকে প্রথম Noun এর Appositive বলা হয়। এক্ষেত্রে Noun টি প্রথম Noun
টি এর সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে।

Examples: (1) We the students and teachers are proud of him.

(2) We the people of Bangladesh are peace loving.

(3) Fahad my only son has become a B.Sc. engineer.

Adverbs এবং Infinitive phrase as post modifiers:

(1) Read the examples above and answer the question below.

(2) I have an essay to write tomorrow.