SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

THE MANAGEMENT UNIVERISTY OF AFRICA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND

PROJECT STRUCTURE FOR ACADEMIC UNDERGRADUATE AND
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES

PRESENTED TO

THE SENATE COMMITTEE

3RD OCTOBER, 2017

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 4
2.0 THE GENERAL RESEARCH PROCESS ....................................................................... 4
3.0 GUIDELINES ON CHOOSING A TOPIC ..................................................................... 4
4.0 GUIDELINES ON FORMATTING OF PROJECT REPORT (THESIS) ...................... 5
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Statement of the problem .............................................................................................. 9
1.3 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.4 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Justification or Significance of Study ........................................................................ 10
1.6 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 10
1.7 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................ 10
CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... 10
LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................. 10
2.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Theoretical Literature Review .................................................................................... 10
2.2 Empirical Literature Review ...................................................................................... 10
2.3 Summary and Research gaps ..................................................................................... 11
2.4 Conceptual framework................................................................................................ 11
2.5 Operationalization of Variables ................................................................................. 11
2.6 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 11
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 11
3.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 11
3.1 Research design ............................................................................................................ 11
3.2 Target Population ........................................................................................................ 11

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
 3.3 Sample and sampling technique ................................................................................ 11
3.4 Instruments ................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 Pilot Study ..................................................................................................................... 12
3.6 Data collection procedure ........................................................................................... 12
3.7 Data Analysis and Presentation ................................................................................. 12
3.8 Ethical Considerations................................................................................................. 12
3.9 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................ 12
CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 12
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................ 12
4.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 12
4.1 Presentation of Research Findings ............................................................................ 12
4.2 Limitations of the study .............................................................................................. 13
4.3 Chapter summary ........................................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 13
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................... 13
5.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 13
5.1 Summary of Findings .................................................................................................. 13
5.2 Recommendations........................................................................................................ 13
5.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 13
APPENDIX I: RESEARCH SUPERVISION ALLOCATION FORM ................................... 15
APPENDIX II: MARKING SCHEME FOR COMPLETE RESEARCH PROJECT ............. 16
APPENDIX III: RESEARCH SUPERVISION PROGRESS FORM ....................................... 20

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Management University of Africa ensures that all research projects carried out in
the undergraduate and postgraduate academic programmes comply with set structures
of the University. The format below requires each student to compile, analyze and
synthesize information from various sources and present them in a logical format to the
Undergraduate and Postgraduate boards before graduation.

2.0 THE GENERAL RESEARCH PROCESS

The research process is as follows:
i. Problem identification
ii. Stating the problem
iii. Formulation of the topic
iv. Stating the purpose / objectives
v. Formulating the research questions / hypothesis
vi. Literature review (theoretical and critical / analytical review)
vii. Developing research instruments (questionnaire, interview guide,
observation guide among others)
viii. Data collection (administration of the research instrument)
ix. Data analysis and interpretation
x. Writing the report
xi. Presentation of findings

3.0 GUIDELINES ON CHOOSING A TOPIC

To ensure uniformity of the research proposals and reports presented, the following
guidelines are followed:
i. The topic of research should be clear, researchable, specific, and objective and
reflect a management/leadership/ governance/entrepreneurship/business
related concern in an existing organization/institution/project.

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 ii. Similar topic between students done on different organizations should be
avoided.
iii. The subject of research should be new, original and not a replica of another
person’s work.
iv. If the research intends to cover a specific area previously addressed from a
different angle, the topic must be approved by the School Board Committee.
v. All the topics must be ratified by the School Board Committee to avoid
duplication.
vi. The research should be based on an existing organization (s) of not less than 30
workers or a study group of over 30 members with some characteristics required
for the study

4.0 GUIDELINES ON FORMATTING OF PROJECT REPORT

Table 4.1: Table showing guidelines on formatting of proposal and project reports

ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
1 Font Size 12 in the body text, inclusive of the chapter headings and titles
2 Font Type Times New Roman and justified
3 Spacing Line spacing should be double spaced except for the title page
and tables where single line spacing may be used. All tables
must be single spaced.
4 Highlighting It is preferred that topics should be bold. When bold, they should
not be underlined.
5 Print Quality Final print should be of laser print quality, dark and clean.
Charts can take appropriate color.
6 Margins Except when starting the chapter, the margins should be 25 mm
or 1 inch on the top, right and bottom.
When starting the chapter, the top margin should be 1.5 inch.
The left hand margin should be set to 30mm or 1.5 inches to
allow for binding.
Larger tables may be typed in smaller font to maintain standard
margins.
7 Numbers and Numbers in the text should be in Arabic e.g. chapter 2. Table 3 or
Percentages figure 34.
A number beginning a sentence must be spelt out in words.

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 Numbers and Percentages must not begin a sentence, if they
must they should be written in words.
8 Tables and When presenting the table or chart / figure, there must be a
Charts / finding section.
Figures The table number must be used when presenting both findings
and analysis.
Do not use “the table above” or “the table below”, instead, “Table /
figure 4.1 below shows that ……….”
Table/Chart/Figure title go above unless exported from another
source, they go below.
9 Total Number The project report should be at least 60 pages for undergraduate
of Pages and a minimum of 80 pages for postgraduate students.
10 Total Number As per CUE guidelines, Doctoral Thesis minimum words 50,000,
of Words For Masters projects/thesis- Minimum words 20,000 and as per
MUA guidelines, Bachelors project minimum words 10,000
11 Plagiarism MUA approved similarity index is 15% for all projects at all
Levels levels of study. However, during the running for anti-plagiarism,
the university allows filtering for preliminary pages and
bibliography/references.
12 Color All hard bound documents should be bound in the following
color materials
1. Blue for doctorate
2. Green for masters
3. Black for undergraduate
13 Spine Printing Only the title, author and year should be inscribed/printed on
the spine of the document in capital letters.
14 Final Binding Two (2) complete hardcopy documents should be presented and
one well labeled CD, preferably Xerox Hard Binding to the Dean
SML. The binding should be ascertained by the school.
For proposals (spiral bound) the cover page should include the
title, author and citation (all on one page) and centered.
15 CD One well labeled read only copy presented
16 Formatting APA 6th edition manual or latest edition
Style
17 Examination After the final document has been submitted to the SML office,
process. an examiner is chosen from the same discipline area (but not the
one supervising the student) to award the final research project
report. For post graduate project the report will be marked by
one internal (who is not the supervisor) and one external
examiner appointed by the University.

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 STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
5.0 PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page to include:

i. Title
 A concise statement of the main topic and should identify the variables.
 Should be a reflection of the contents of the document.
 Should fully explanatory when standing alone.
 Should not contain redundancies such as ‘an investigation of……
 Abbreviations should not appear in the title.
 Scientific names should be in italics.
 Should contain a maximum 15 words.

ii. Author’s name and affiliation

 Avoid use of words like ‘By’….. ‘from”…..
 Preferred order of names- start with surname, middle followed by first name.
 Full names should be used, initials should be avoided.
 Titles like Dr. should not appear in the names.

Affiliation should be well illustrated i.e. ‘A research proposal submitted to the School of
Management and Leadership in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree
of …….. of The Management University of Africa.(CAPITALIZE AND BOLD)

The year should follow at the bottom of the caption.

Ex: SEPTEMBER, 2015 (Bold)

PRELIMIARY PAGES (Note: Paginate using lower case roman numbers starting with
the declaration page)

DECLARATION – Should include both the candidate’s and the supervisor’s

declaration and duly signed.

This proposal/thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other
University

Signature…………………………… Date ………………………

Natalie Rose
MBA/7/00151/2/2013

This proposal/thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as

University Supervisor

Signature…………………………… Date ………………………

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
Catherine Muhoma, PhD
The Management University of Africa

DEDICATION
 Dedicate the proposal to loved ones or special people in your life e.g. a Father,
\mother, husband, wife.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 List all those who were instrumental in the writing process of the proposal; these
include your supervisor, lecturers, colleagues, students.

ABSTRACT
 This is a brief statement of the problem, objectives of the study, target
population, sampling technique and sample size, instruments, data collection,
data processing and analysis, key findings and major recommendations.
 Should be in one block paragraph – check APA guidelines.
 Should not exceed 1 page
TABLE OF CONTENTS – The rubric should be in title case and single spaced.
 -The chapter titles should be in caps and bold.
 -The subheadings should follow each chapter title and should be in title case.
 -Subheading of rows should be – Chapters & Pages indicated once at the top of
each column e.g.,
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION PAGE
1.0 Introduction ……………………………1
1.1 Statement of the problem………………2 indenting up to two levels

LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Table Showing the Research Target Population
Table 3.2: Table Showing the Research Study Sample Size

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Diagram showing the relationship between theory, independent and
dependent variables

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

MDGs : Millennium Development Goals

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS:

 Define terms in the text that are not common.
 Cite the source of information used.

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
REFERENCES
 Capitalized, in alphabetical order and in line with APA 6th edition style of
writing
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I: LETTER OF INTRODUCTION
APPENDIX II: RESEARCH STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE
APPENDIX III: INFORMED CONSENT FORM
APPENDIX IV: RESEARCH STUDY WORKPLAN
APPENDIX V: RESEARCH STUDY BUDGET
All the above appendices for proposals, or complete projects, include appendices I, II, and III.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
This chapter should include the following;

1.0 Introduction
 Discuss what is contained in this chapter

1.1 Background
 Should show understanding and genesis of the problem.
 Talk about the global perspective followed by the local scenario.
 Talk about the target group in the study.
 Should be approximately 2 pages and a maximum of 5 pages

1.2 Statement of the problem

 Must indicate exactly what the problem is.
 Indicate why and how it is a problem. Give information to support this e.g. by
use of statistics or evidence. This should be derived from background
information to illustrate connectivity.
 Length- Maximum 2 pages.

1.3 Objectives
 One general objective which should be in line with the title.

1.3.1 Specific objectives

 Should have to be in line with the variables the candidates hypothesize to
influence the phenomenon being examined
 Should be related to the general objective
 Should have 3 to 5 objectives
 Should contain and independent variable in each objective. The dependent
variable is the same for all the specific objectives.

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
1.4 Research Questions
 They should be in line with the specific objectives and equal in number.
 Should be numbered and should be questions and not statements.
 Should contain an independent variable and dependent variable.

1.5 Justification or Significance of Study

 Should illustrate why the researcher is conducting the research
 Indicate whom the research shall benefit and how they will benefit

1.6 Scope
 This indicate an approximate when the study will be carried out e.g. September
to December 2015
 Should discuss the study’s geographical area
 It should cite the target group/ population.

1.7 Chapter Summary

 Close out the chapter, indicate what you have discussed

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter should include;

2.0 Introduction
 Discuss what is contained in this chapter

2.1 Theoretical Literature Review

 Review the theoretical literature relevant to the problem being investigated
showing clearly the linkage of literature review to the research questions;

2.2 Empirical Literature Review

 Indicate what has been done by other researchers including the methodologies
used and identify gaps.
 The hypothesized variables should be subheadings of the literature review to
form a framework that would help in analysis.
 Each key variable should be 2-3 pages long.
 Cite 3-5 references per key section in the text.

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
  Use APA method of citation. Consistency is important in citation.

2.3 Summary and Research gaps

 State the research gaps noted to justify the necessity of the research being
conducted.

2.4 Conceptual framework

 Conceptual framework should demonstrate an understanding of what variable
influences what. Include a theory or theories that are related to your variables.

2.5 Operationalization of Variables

 Give a brief narrative explaining the diagram and how your variables will be
operationalized e.g. Education, no education and some education

2.6 Chapter Summary

 Close out the chapter, indicate what you have discussed

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes:-

3.0 Introduction
 Discuss what is contained in this chapter

3.1 Research design

 Indicate type of research, justify the choice of type of research by citing authority.

3.2 Target Population

 Clearly identify the target population. Justify the target population.

3.3 Sample and sampling technique

 Indicate the sample that will participate in the study.
 Illustrate understanding of the technique.

3.4 Instruments
 Discuss how you will collect your data, whether through questionnaires or
interviews and focus group discussions.

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3.5 Pilot Study
 Done prior to the study to test out the instrument among practitioners and
professionals in the subject area.

3.5.1 Validity
 Is the instrument useful in collecting the required data?

3.5.2 Reliability test

 Does your instrument yield similar results over a period of time?

3.6 Data collection procedure

 How will you collect your data?

3.7 Data Analysis and Presentation

 Discuss how you will analyze and present your data.

3.8 Ethical Considerations

Address how participants were protected
 3.8.1 Informed Consent
 3.8.2 Voluntary Participation
 3.8.3 Confidentiality
 3.8.4 Privacy
 3.8.5 Anonymity

3.9 Chapter Summary

 Close out the chapter, indicate what you have discussed

Schedule a proposal defense for approval to collect data from the field.

ADDITIONAL FOR PROJECT

CHAPTER FOUR

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter should include:-

4.0 Introduction
 Tell us what to expect in this chapter

4.1 Presentation of Research Findings

 Raw data should be presented in tables and figures followed by a discussion
explaining what the numbers mean.

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
  Be clear on your independent variables and discuss any significant findings or
contradictions. Tie your findings to the literature review
 Tables should be in APA format
 Table titles are labeled at the top
 Figures are also labeled at the top
 Figures and tables from another source should have the title at the top and the
source at the bottom.

4.2 Limitations of the study

 Discuss limitations and challenges encountered while conducting the study.

4.3 Chapter summary

 Close out the chapter, indicate what you have discussed

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

This chapter should include:-

5.0 Introduction
 Give a brief of what is expected in this chapter.

5.1 Summary of Findings

 Highlight major findings of your study

5.2 Recommendations
 Discuss tangible recommendations based on your study.
 Include specific activities involved in achieving the recommendations
 Indicate persons responsible for implementing the recommendations
 Indicate timelines
 Address strategies for monitoring and evaluation.
 Divide this section into implications for research, policy, practice/training and
education.

5.3 Conclusion

 Tie up the whole document from objectives to findings.

Schedule the project defense for examination.

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
The Senate Committee is requested to receive, discuss and approve this document.

Prepared By

Signature_______________________________Date_____________________________
Dr. John Cheluget
Dean, SML

Confirmed by

Signature_______________________________________Date:___________________

Dr. Washington Okeyo

Deputy Vice-Chancellor

Approved/Not Approved

Signature: _____________________________________Date: ___________________

Dr. Nicholas Letting
Vice-Chancellor

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
 RESEARCH SUPERVISION ALLOCATION FORM

Please note that you cannot change a supervisor without prior approval from the Dean-
SML

Completion of the project means handing in one (1) hardcover bound copy and a CD

Name: ………………………………………Adm. No. ………………………………………...

E-mail: .……………………………..........Mobile No. …………………………………………..
Programme ………………………………………...Cohort……………………………………

Research Topic……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Name of Supervisor:
Prof./Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ms.………………………………....... Mobile
No…………………………………

Acceptance by Supervisor

Signature: ………………………………………… Date………………………………………

Approval by Dean of School

Name………………………………………………………..

Signature: ……………………………………… Date………………………………………..

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
 MARKING SCHEME FOR COMPLETE RESEARCH PROJECT
Name of the Candidate: ……………………………………………………….………………....

Registration Number: …………….................................................................................................

Programme: BML BDS MBA MML EMBA AML

Supervisor:…………………..……………………...........................................................................

Topic: ……………………….……………………………………………………………………

1. ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

PROJECT

Quality and neatness of work 1 (mark)

Margins 1 (mark)

Spacing 1 (mark)

Preliminary pages 1 (mark)

No spelling/ grammatical errors 1 (mark)

SUB -TOTAL 5 (MARKS)

2. ABSTRACT COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

Summary of the research 1 (mark)

problem/objectives

Methodology (data collection) 1 (mark))

Major findings 1 (mark)

Major recommendation and conclusions 1 (mark)

No errors, say, typographic ones 1 (mark)

SUB -TOTAL 5 (MARKS)

3. INTRODUCTION (CHAPTER 1) COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

Introduction and background 1 (mark)

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
Specific objectives/research question or 2 (marks)
hypothesis

Justification/significance of the study 2 (marks)

Scope of study 1 (mark)

SUB -TOTAL 6 (MARKS)

4. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

(CHAPTER 2)

Relevance of the reviewed literature of the 2 (marks)

study

Adequacy and consistency of the 2 (marks)

reviewed literature

Correction citations of the reviewed 2 (marks)

literature

Up to datedness of the reviewed literature 2 (marks)

Usefulness of the reviewed literature 2 (marks)

Identification of the research problem 3 (marks)

Quality of presentation of the literature 2 (marks)

review

No errors 1 (mark)

SUB -TOTAL 16 ( MARKS)

5. RESEARCH , DESIGN AND COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

METHODOLOGY (CHAPTER 3)

Specifications of the research design say 2 (marks)

the case study, survey or experimental
research

Identification of the research sample 2 (marks)

Identification of the statistical sample 2 (marks)

Adequate details on the data collection 2 (marks)

instruments

Data type, data collection methods and 2 (marks)

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procedures

Pilot study or presenting instruments 2 (marks)

Explanations/description of data analysis 2 (marks)

methods

No errors 2 (mark)

Data presentation methods 2 (marks)

Ethical consideration 2 (marks)

SUB -TOTAL 20 (MARKS)

6. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

(CHAPTER 4)

Relevance of results to study objectives or 6 (marks)

research questions

Adequate presentation of results in 6 (marks)

tables/charts

Relevance/adequacy appropriateness of 6 (marks)

analytical tools

No errors 2 (marks)

SUB -TOTAL 20 (MARKS)

7. SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

RECOMMENDATIONS AND
CONCLUSIONS (CHAPTER 5)

Summary of the report 2 (marks)

The research findings to literature review 4 (marks)

Comparable past studies 4 (marks)

Recommendations 4 (marks)

Conclusions 4 (marks)

No errors 2 (marks)

SUB -TOTAL 20 (MARKS)

8. REFERENCES COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

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Order and alphabetization 1 (mark)

Proper citation adequacy 1 (mark)

APA 6th Edition Format 2 (marks)

TOTAL 4 (MARKS)

9. APPENDICES COMMENTS MARKS TOTAL

Letter of Introduction 2 (marks)

Questionnaires 2 (marks)

SUB -TOTAL 4 (MARKS)

GRAND TOTAL

Overall research is to be marked out of 100 points

Final aggregate marks………………………………...……………………….………………..

Name of Internal Examiner………………………………………….…………………….…

Signature………………………………………………………………………………..…………

Date………………………………………………………………………….………………….....

Name of External Examiner………………………………………….............…………….........

Signature………………………………………………………………..………...…………….....

Date………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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MUA RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECCT GUIDELINES OCTOBER 2017
 OFFICE OF THE DEAN
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP

RESEARCH SUPERVISION PROGRESS FORM

Please note that you cannot change a supervisor once assigned without prior approval
from the chairman of the department

Full Names………………………………….Programme………………………………………

Registration
No.……………......Year………………….Cohort………………Semester……………………

Department………………….…Telephone / Mobile No………………………………

E-mail…………………………………………………………………………………………….

Research Topic…………………………………………………………………………………

Date………………………………………Sign…………………………………………………..

Name of Supervisor:
Prof./Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ms.……………………………………………………………………..

Telephone / Mobile No………………………………………………………………………….

Acceptance by Supervisor

Sign……………………………… Date…………………………………………………..

Approval by Chairman of the Department

Sign……………………………………………Date……………………………………………
P.T.O.

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PROGRESS REPORT

Date of Consultation covered: indicate sections Supervisor’s Student’s

consultation or chapter of the research project signature signature

NB

1. The supervisor should write his / her remarks when each section is complete.
The student to ensure this is done.
2. A copy of the form should be produced when handing in the proposal and
another copy when handing in the final draft copy for defense.

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