Ing. Jorge Antonio Pichardo Vázquez Fórmulas de Integrales.

Fórmulas de Derivadas. 1. ∫(𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ± ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 19. ∫

𝑑𝑢
=
1
ln |
𝑎+𝑢
|+𝐶
𝑎2 − 𝑢2 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑢
1. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐶) = 0 18. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝐶𝑠𝑐 𝑢 ) = −𝐶𝑠𝑐 𝑢 ∙ 𝐶𝑜𝑡 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑢
2. ∫ 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 20. ∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝐶
2. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥) = 1 1 2
√𝑎 − 𝑢 2 𝑎
19. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢) = ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑑𝑢
√1 − 𝑢2 21. ∫ = ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 ) + 𝐶
3. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐶 ∙ 𝑢) = 𝐶 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2
𝑥 𝑛+1
1 4. ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 𝑛 ≠ −1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
4. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛−1 20. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢) = − ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 𝑛+1 22. ∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝐶
√1 − 𝑢2 𝑛+1 𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎
𝑢
5. ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶 𝑛 ≠ −1
5. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑢𝑛−1 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 (𝑢) 1 𝑛+1 23. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 + 𝐶
21. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢) = ∙𝐷 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
6. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑢 ± 𝑣 ± 𝑤) = 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 ± 𝐷𝑥 𝑣 ± 𝐷𝑥 𝑤 1 + 𝑢2 𝑥 6. ∫ = ln|𝑢| + 𝐶 24. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑢
1 𝑎𝑢
7. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑢 ∙ 𝑣) = 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑣 + 𝑣 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 22. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢) = − ∙𝐷 𝑢 7. ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 25. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
1 + 𝑢2 𝑥 ln 𝑎
𝑢
𝑢 𝑣 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 − 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑣 𝑎 1
8. 𝐷𝑥 ( )= 1 8. ∫ 𝑢𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = (𝑢 − )+𝐶 26. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑣 𝑣2 23. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢) = ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 ln|𝑎| ln 𝑎
𝑢√𝑢2 − 1
𝑢 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 9. ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶 27. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + 𝐶
9. 𝐷𝑥 ( ) = 1
𝐶 𝐶 24. 𝐷𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢) = − ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 10. ∫ 𝑢𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 (𝑢 − 1) + 𝐶 28. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑢√𝑢2 − 1
𝐶 𝐶 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑣
10. 𝐷𝑥 ( ) = − 1 11. ∫ ln 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢(ln 𝑢 − 1) + 𝐶 29. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑣 𝑣2 25. 𝐷𝑥 ( log 𝑎 𝑢 ) = log 𝑎 𝑒 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
𝑢 𝑢 2
𝑛 1 12. ∫ 𝑢 ln 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = (2 ln 𝑢 − 1) + 𝐶 29a. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢| + 𝐶
11. 𝐷𝑥 ( √𝑢 ) = 𝑛 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 1 4
𝑛 √𝑢𝑛−1 25𝑎. 𝐷𝑥 ( log 𝑎 𝑢 ) = ∙𝐷 𝑢 𝑢
𝑢 ln 𝑎 𝑥 13. ∫ log 𝑎 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = (ln 𝑢 − 1) + 𝐶 30. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢| + 𝐶
1 ln 𝑎
12. 𝐷𝑥 ( √𝑢 ) = 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 1 𝑢2 31. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢| + 𝐶
2√𝑢 26. 𝐷𝑥 (ln 𝑢 ) = ∙𝐷 𝑢 14. ∫ 𝑢 log 𝑎 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = (2 log 𝑎 𝑢 − 1) + 𝐶
𝑢 𝑥 4
13. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑢 ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 𝑢 𝑎2 𝑢 32. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢| + 𝐶
27. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑎𝑢 ) = 𝑎𝑢 ∙ ln 𝑎 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 15. ∫ √𝑎 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = √𝑎2 − 𝑢2 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝐶
2 2
𝑎 𝑢 𝑎
14. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑢 ) = −𝑆𝑒𝑛 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 𝑢 𝑎2 33. ∫ 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 − 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 + 𝐶
28. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑒 𝑢 ) = 𝑒 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 16. ∫ √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 𝑑𝑢 = √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 ± ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 ) + 𝐶
2 2
15. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝑢 ) = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 29. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑢𝑣 ) = 𝑣 ∙ 𝑢𝑣−1 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 + ln 𝑢 ∙ 𝑢𝑣 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 34. ∫ 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 + 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
17. ∫ = arctan + 𝐶
𝑢2 + 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎 Por partes
16. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝐶𝑜𝑡 𝑢 ) = −𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 30. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑦 ) = 𝐷𝑢 𝑦 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 (𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢−𝑎
18. ∫ 2 = ln | |+𝐶 35. ∫ 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢 ∙ 𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 ∙ 𝑑𝑢
17. 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝑢 ) = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝑢 ∙ 𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝑢 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 𝑢 − 𝑎2 2𝑎 𝑢+𝑎
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
31. 𝑓′( 𝑥 ) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ Regla de Simpson.
𝑏
𝑏−𝑎
Identidades trigonométricas. ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ≈ {𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 2𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 4𝑓(𝑥3 ) + ⋯ + 4𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )} → ∆ = 𝑏 − 𝑎
𝑎 3𝑛 𝑥
𝑛
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑢 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 = 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 = 1 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑢 = 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 Regla del Trapecio.
𝑏
𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 𝑓(𝑥𝑛 ) 𝑏−𝑎
1 1 1 1 1 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ≈ { + 𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 ) + 𝑓(𝑥3 ) + ⋯ + 𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 ) + } → ∆𝑥 =
𝑛 2 2 𝑛
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 cos u = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 𝑎
2 2 2 2 2
Propiedades logaritmos.
1 1 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 = log 𝑎 (𝑢 ∙ 𝑣) = log 𝑎 (𝑢) + log 𝑎 (𝑣) log 𝑎 ( ) = log 𝑎 (𝑢) − log 𝑎 (𝑣) log 𝑎 (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛 log 𝑎 (𝑢)
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑣
𝑛 1
log 𝑎 ( √𝑢) = log 𝑎 (𝑢) log 𝑎 (1) = 0 log 𝑎 (𝑎) = 1 log 𝑎 (𝑎𝑛 ) = 𝑛 log 𝑒 (𝐴) = ln(𝐴)
𝑬𝒏 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐: 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑝 , 𝑞, 𝐶 ∈ ℝ 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠; 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑛
𝑥
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 y 𝑢 = 𝑢(𝑥) y 𝑣 = 𝑣(𝑥) 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑥. 𝑛 ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑥 𝑛 ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑥𝑦 ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦 = ln
𝑦
 Sustitución trigonométrica Integrales Trigonométricas

Longitud de arco
Caso Cambio Diferencial Transformación Triángulo
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑚 𝑣 𝑑𝑣, ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥
con m y n impar
√𝑎 2 − 𝑢 2 𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑧 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 √𝑎2 − 𝑢2 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑧
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣, ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1
con n impar o par

𝐿 = ∫ √1 + [𝑓′(𝑥)]2 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣, ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥

𝑎
√𝑢 2 + 𝑎 2 𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 √𝑢2 + 𝑎2 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑧 con n par

𝑏
1 1
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2 2
1 1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑚 𝑣 𝑑𝑣, ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2 2
√𝑢 2 − 𝑎2 𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑧 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑧 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 √𝑢 2 − 𝑎2 = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑧
con m y n par 1
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥
2
𝑐. 𝑜 𝑐. 𝑎 𝑐. 𝑜
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑧 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑧 =
ℎ ℎ 𝑐. 𝑎
Teorema fundamental del cálculo Área entre curvas
𝑏 𝑏 𝑑
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎) 𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 , 𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑦
Fracciones parciales. 𝑎 𝑎 𝑐
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 𝐴 𝐵
1. ,𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 + Volumen de solidos de revolución
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑓(𝑥)]2 𝑑𝑥 𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑓(𝑦)]2 𝑑𝑦 𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑘]2 𝑑𝑥 𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑓(𝑦) − ℎ]2 𝑑𝑦
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 𝐴 𝐵 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐
2. + 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 𝑥 − 𝑎 (𝑥 − 𝑎)2
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ ([𝑓(𝑥)]2 − [𝑔(𝑥)]2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ ([𝑓(𝑦)]2 − [𝑔(𝑦)]2 )𝑑𝑦 𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎
𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 𝐴 𝐵 𝐵
3. + +
(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐) 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏 𝑥−𝑐
Sumas superiores (Sumas de Riemann) Sumas inferiores (Sumas de Riemann)
𝑛 𝑛
𝑝𝑥 2
+ 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎
4. + 2
+ 𝐴 = lim ∑ ( ) 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑖∆𝑥) 𝐴 = lim ∑ ( ) 𝑓(𝑎 + (𝑖 − 1)∆𝑥)
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 (𝑥 − 𝑏) 𝑥 − 𝑎 (𝑥 − 𝑎) 𝑥−𝑏 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 Sumas Básicas
2 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
5. (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 2 𝑛2 + 𝑛 2𝑛3 + 3𝑛2 + 𝑛
Donde: 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 1. ∑ 𝑘 = 𝑘𝑛 2. ∑ 𝑖 = 3. ∑ 𝑖 2 =
𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
2 6
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛4 + 2𝑛3 + 𝑛2 6𝑛5 + 15𝑛4 + 10𝑛3 − 𝑛
4. ∑ 𝑖 3 = 5. ∑ 𝑖 4 =
4 30
𝑖=1 𝑖=1