8086 Microprocessor

Addressing Modes

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8086 – Programmer’s Model of 8086

ES Extra Segment

BIU
CS Code Segment
Registers

SS Stack Segment

DS Data Segment

IP Instruction Pointer

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8086 – Programmer’s Model of 8086

AX AH AL Accumulator
BX BH BL Base Register
CX CH CL Count Register
EU
DX DH DL Data Register
Registers
SP Stack Pointer
BP Base Pointer
Source Index
SI
Register
Destination Index
DI
Register
FLAGS

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8086 – Programmer’s Model of 8086
Segment Registers Offset Registers

Code Segment Instruction Pointer

Stack segment Stack Pointer

Base Pointer

Data Segment Source Index

Destination Index
Extra Segment

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8086

Addressing modes

1. Immediate Addressing mode

2. Register Addressing mode
3. Memory Addressing mode
4. String Addressing mode
5. I/O Addressing mode
6. Implied Addressing mode

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8086

Addressing
modes

Register Immediate Memory String I/O Implied

Direct port Indirect port

addressing addressing

Register
Register Relative Based
Direct Based Indexed Relative
Indirect Indexed

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

1. Immediate Addressing Mode:

 In this type of addressing, immediate data is a part of instruction, and
appears in the form of successive byte or bytes.
 Example: MOV AX, 0005H
 The immediate data 0005H is moved into reg AX.
 The immediate data may be 8-bit or 16-bit in size.

.
OPCODE Immediate Operand

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

2. Register Addressing Mode:

• In register addressing mode, the data is stored in a register and it is

referred using the particular register.
• All the registers, except IP, may be used in this mode.
• Example: MOV BX, AX.

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory
3. Memory Addressing Mode:
 In this addressing mode the operands in the memory must be transferred
to & fro over the BUS

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

3.1. Direct Memory Addressing Mode:

 In this mode, a 16-bit memory address (offset) is directly specified in the
instruction as a part of it.

 PA = segment : EA Opcode Address A

= CS
DS : Direct
Registers Memory
ES Address
SS
Segment *10 + Operand
Register

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

3.1. Direct Memory Addressing Mode:

 Example: MOV [5000H], AL

 The contents of AL are copied to memory location whose offset is [5000]

 The effective address, here, is 10H*DS+5000H.

 By default, DS segment register is used for direct addressing mode

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 8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory
3.2. Register Indirect Addressing Mode:
 The EA of the memory is taken directly from one of the base register or
index register specified by the instruction.
 This address is added with the segment reg*10 to generate the 20 bit
physical address. Opcode Register R
 EA = (BX)/(BP)/(SI)/(DI)
 PA = segment : EA Registers

CS BX Pointer to Operand
Operand +
DS : BP
SS SI
Segment *10
ES DI
Reg
 If reg is SI,DI,BX DS default segment
=
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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

3.3 Indexed:
 In this addressing mode, the data is available at an effective address
formed by adding

i. displacement

ii. with the content of any one of the index registers SI,DI in the
default segment.

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 8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory
3.3 Indexed

(SI)
EA = (DI)
+
displacement

Mov Ax, [SI+6]

AL  [SI+6]; AH <- [SI+7]

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

3.4 Based:
 In this addressing mode, the data is available at an effective address
formed by adding

i. displacement

ii. with the content of any one of the registers BX, BP in the default
segment.

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 8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory
3.4 Based:
(BX)
+
EA = (BP) displacement

Mov Ax, [BP+2]

AL  [BP+2]; AH <- [BP+3]

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 8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory
3.3 Base and Indexed Addressing Mode: a special case of the
register indirect addressing mode.
 The offset of the operand is stored in one of the index registers.
 EA = {Base register} + {Index register}
(BX) (SI) Opcod Base Register Index Register
+ e
(BP) (DI)

Registers
 PA = segment : EA
Pointer to
Memory
Operand
CS (BX) (SI)
DS : (BP) + Pointer to
(DI) Operand + Operand
SS
ES
Segment
Reg
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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

3.3 Base and Indexed Addressing Mode:

 Example: MOV AX, [BX+SI]
Moves a word from address pointed by BX+ SI in Data Seg to DX
Here, data is available at an offset address stored in BX+SI in DS.

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

3.5 Base Indexed with Displacement

 The effective address of operand is calculated as

an displacement + the bases registers + index
registers
 Base registers - BX or BP and any one of the index
registers, in a default segment.

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 8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory
3.5 Base Indexed with Displacement
• EA = {Base register}+ {Index register}+{ displacement}

(BX) + (SI) +
displacement
(BP) (DI)
• PA = segment : EA

CS
DS : (BX) + (SI) +
displacement
SS (BP) (DI)
ES

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

Base Indexed with Displacement

Example:

 MOV AX, [BX+SI+5}

 AL  [BX+SI+5], AH <- [BX+SI+6]

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

4. String addressing
 SI points to 1st byte or word of source string & DS –
default segment reg
 DI points to 1st byte or word of destination string &
ES – default segment reg
 Do not use the normal memory addressing
modes

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory
5. I/O Addressing modes:
Basically used for Ios

2 types –
Memory mapped I/O

 I/O Mapped I/O

Direct port addressing

Indirect port addressing

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8086 - Addressing modes for Data Memory

6. Implied:
In this addressing mode, the operands are
implied and hence not specified in the
instruction.

Example: STC - Set Carry Flag,

CLD – Clear Direction Flag

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