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HW5

The document provides solutions to various thermochemistry problems, including calculations of heat transfer, enthalpy changes, and the application of Hess's law. It covers specific reactions, their enthalpy values, and the methodology for calculating heat using specific heat capacity. The document emphasizes the importance of units and significant figures in reporting results.

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Narasimhan
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2 views

HW5

The document provides solutions to various thermochemistry problems, including calculations of heat transfer, enthalpy changes, and the application of Hess's law. It covers specific reactions, their enthalpy values, and the methodology for calculating heat using specific heat capacity. The document emphasizes the importance of units and significant figures in reporting results.

Uploaded by

Narasimhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 5: ANSWERS TO ASSIGNED PROBLEMS

Hauser- General Chemistry I


revised 10/14/08

CAUTION: Many different units are used in thermochemistry. Report the units!
Also report the sign when appropriate!

5.41 Consider the following reaction:

2 Mg (s) + O2 (g)  2 MgO (s) ΔH = -1204 kJ

(a) Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?

EXOTHERMIC (negative ΔH)

(b) Calculate the amount of heat transferred when 2.4 g of Mg (s) reacts at constant
pressure.

2.4 g Mg ( 1 mol Mg / 24.31 g) ( -1204 kJ / 2 mol Mg) = -59 kJ (2 SF)


COEFFICIENTS MATTER! Note the 2 for Mg.

5.43 When solutions containing silver ions and chloride ions are mixed, silver chloride
precipitates:

Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)  AgCl (s) ΔH = -65.5 kJ

(a) Calculate ΔH for production of 0.200 mol of AgCl by this reaction.

0.200 mol AgCl ( -65.5 kJ / 1 mol AgCl) = -13.1 kJ

(b) Calculate ΔH for the production of 2.50 g of AgCl.

Ag 1 X 107.87
Cl 1 X 35.45
sum = 143.32

2.50 g AgCl ( 1 mole AgCl / 143.32 g ) ( -65.5 kJ / 1 mole AgCl ) = - 1.14 kJ

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5.51 The specific heat of iron metal is 0.450 J/g-K. How many J of heat are necessary
to raise the temperature of a 1.05- kg block of iron from 25.0 °C to 88.5 °C?
q = C m ΔT
get C from table or from problem (0.450 J / g-K)

Since C and K have the same "size," the ΔT does not require conversion to K.
ΔT = Tf – T I Note: (88.5 – 25.0 = 63.5) gives 1 dp and 3 SF for these #s

m = 1.05 kg ( 1000 g / 1 kg) = 1050 g


q = (0.45 J / g-C) (1050 g ) (88.5 °C – 25.0 °C) = 30003.75 J = 3.00 X 104 J (3 SF)

Answer must show size and SF. Note: Question asked for HOW MANY, so a
positive answer is appropriate.

5.59 What is the connection between Hess’s law and the fact that H is a state function?
ΔH is path-independent so any # of steps will give the true ΔH for the overall
process.

5.61 Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction


P4O6 (s) + 2 O2 (g)  P4O10 (s)

given the following enthalpies of reaction:

EQ 1 P4 (s) + 3 O2 (g)  P4O6 (s) ΔH = -1640.1 kJ

EQ 2 P4 (s) + 5 O2 (g)  P4O10 (s) ΔH = -2940.1 kJ

Use Hess's Law. Identify a substance unique to only one DATA equation. Focus on
handling that substance in each case.

REVERSE EQ 1 to get P4O6 on left side; reverse sign


EQ 2 stays same to keep P4O10 on right side.

P4O6 (s)  P4 (s) + 3 O2 (g) ΔH = +1640.1 kJ


P4 (s) + 5 O2 (g)  P4O10 (s) ΔH = -2940.1 kJ

create "grand" equation and subtract common items

P4O6 + P4 + 5 O2  P4 + 3 O2 + P4O10

both P4 's leave and, after subtracting 3 O2, get 2 O2 's on left side.
P4O6 (s) + 2 O2 (g)  P4O10 (s)

sum the ΔH 's : +1640.1 kJ


-2940.1 kJ dp rule
ANSWER: ΔH = -1300.0 kJ

2
5.63 From the enthalpies of reaction

EQ 1 H2 (g) + F2 (g)  2 HF (g) ΔH = -537 kJ

EQ 2 C (s) + 2 F2 (g)  CF4 (g) ΔH = -680 kJ

EQ 3 2 C (s) + 2 H2 (g)  C2H4 (g) ΔH = +52.3 kJ

calculate ΔH for the reaction of ethylene with F2

C2H4 (g) + 6 F2 (g)  2 CF4 (g) + 4 HF (g)

Identify a substance unique to only one DATA equation. Focus on handling that
substance in each case.

DOUBLE EQ 1 to get 4HF (double ΔH)


DOUBLE EQ 2 to get 2 CF4 (double ΔH)
REVERSE EQ 3 to get C2H4 on left side. (reverse sign ΔH)

2H2 (g) + 2F2 (g)  4 HF (g) 2 ΔH = 2 (-537 kJ) = -1074 kJ


2C (s) + 4 F2 (g)  2CF4 (g) 2 ΔH = 2 (-680 kJ) = -1360 kJ
C2H4 (g)  2 C (s) + 2 H2 (g) - ΔH = - (+52.3 kJ) = -52.3 kJ
sum equations
2H2 + 2F2 + 2C + 4 F2 + C2H4  2CF4 + 4 HF + 2 C + 2 H2

combine F2

C2H4 + 6 F2  2CF4 + 4 HF
sum the adjusted ΔH values: -1074 kJ
-1360 kJ
- 52.3 kJ
sum = - 2486 kJ
(Prof H. says to use dp rules since we multiply by counting #s then add: so no dp for
this value here)

3
5.69 The following is known as the thermite reaction

2 Al (s) + Fe2O3 (s)  Al2O3 (s) + 2 Fe (s)

This highly exothermic reaction is used for welding massive units, such as propellers for
large ships. Using standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix C, calculate ΔH° for this
reaction.

Use Enthalpy of Formation data and equation:


Note the standard state symbol and "f". DO NOT USE HESS'S LAW!

ΔH° rxn = ΣΔH° f (products) - ΣΔH° f (reactants)

[ΔH° f Al2O3 (s) + 2 ΔH° f Fe (s) ] – [2 ΔH° f Al (s) + ΔH° f Fe2O3 (s)]

[- 1669.8 kJ + 2 (0) ] – [ 2 (0) + -822.16 kJ]

-1669.8 kJ – [ -822.16 kJ]

ΔH° rxn = - 847.64 reported to 1 dp based on data = -847.6 kJ

5.71 Using values from Appendix C, calculate the standard enthalpy change for the
following reaction:

(c) N2O4 (g) + 4 H2 (g)  N2 (g) + 4 H2O (g) WATCH PHASES!

ΔH° rxn = ΣΔH° f (products) - ΣΔH° f (reactants)

[ΔH° f N2 (g) + 4 ΔH° f H2O (g) ] - [ΔH° f N2O4 (g) + 4 ΔH° f H2 (g)]

[ 0 + 4 (-241.82 kJ)] - [ 9.66 kJ + 4 (0) ] DO NOT PRE-ROUND!

[- 967.28 kJ ] - [ 9.66 kJ ]

ΔH° rxn = -976.94 kJ (2 dp based on data)

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