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Course Outcomes: After learning the contents of this paper the student must be able to
Understand and analyze basic Electrical circuits
Study the working principles of Electrical Machines and Transformers
Introduce components of Low Voltage Electrical Installations.
Course Program Outcomes
Objectives
PO1 P02 PO3 PO4 P05 PO6|PO7 P08 PO9PO10 PO11
To understand 3 2 2 1
DC and Single &
Three phase AC
circuits.
To study and 3 2 1 1 3 1
understand the
different types of
DC, AC machines
and
Transformers.
To import the 3 2 3 0 1
knowledge
various electrical
installations and
the concept of
power, power
factor and its
improvement.
Page 1
UNIT-I:
D.C. Circuits: Electrical circuit elements (R, L and C), voltage and current sources, KVL&KCL,
of simple circuits with dc excitation. Superposition, Thevenin and Norton Theorems. Time
analysis of first-order RL and RC circuits.
UNIT-I1:
A.C. Circuits: Representation of sinusoidal waveforms, peak and rms values, phasor represe
real power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, Analysis of single-phase ac
consistingof R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC combinations (series and parallel), resonance in series R-L-(
Three-phase balanced circuits, voltage and current relations in star and delta connections.
UNIT-III:
Transformers: ldeal and practical transformer, eguivalent circuit, losses in transformers, requla
1, A tree
2. An apple:
4. Bird:
A keyframe is a detailed drawing of the scene at a certain time in the animation sequence. Within
each key frame, each object is positioned according to the time for that frame. Keyframe specifies
where the object willbe at what time. Keyframes are spaced at short intervals so that we get a
better animation sequence. More the number of keyframes better will be the animation. It provides
more information about the position of objects at specific times.
Key frames:
In-betweens are the intermediate frames between the key frames. The number of in-betweens
needed is determined b the media to be used to display the animation. Film requires 24 frames per
second, and graphics terminals or television are refreshed at the rate of 30 to 60 frames per second.
Usually there are 3 to 5 in between frames between 2 key frames. To record 1 minute of animation
on film we need around 24X60 = 1440 frames which are aligned in sequence.
GENERAL COMPUTER-ANIMATION FUNCTIONS
Animation packages, such as Wavefront, for example, provide special functions for designing the
animation and processingindividual obiects. One function available in animation packages is
provided to store and manage the obiect database. Object shapes and associated parameters are
stored and updated in the database. Other object functions include those for motion generation and
those for object rendering. Motions can be generated according to specified constraints using two
dimensional or three-dimensional transformations. Standard functions can then be applied to
identify visible surfaces and apply the rendering algorithms. Another typical function simulates
camera movements. Standard motions are zooming, panning, and tilting. Finally, given the
specification for the key frames, the in-betweens can be automatically generated.