SUKHOI ACADEMY

SAINIK SCHOOL, MILITARY

SCHOOL
ENTRANCE EXAMINATION

General
Knowledge
CLASS VI

By
DHARMENDERR CHAUDHARY
 SUKHOI ACADEMY
SUKHOI ACADEMY

Publisher
SUKHOI ACADEMY
Pali Hills Institutions Area,
Faridabad, Haryana
121004
www.sukhoiacademy.com
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 1

• Pashupati Mahadev was the chief deity.

HISTORY OF INDIA • We have not read the Harappan script.
• Ropar is in Punjab .
• Kalibangan ( Rajasthan )
ANCIENT INDIA • Banawali and Rakhigarhi ( Haryana )

Name of human -- The Homo Sapiens The Vedic Age –

1. The Palaeolithic Age
• Four Vedas were written during this period. Rig Veda
2. The Mesolithic age
–
3. The Neolithic age
1. The Palaeolithic age • Oldest religious text of the world.
• Stone was the main tool, they lived in caves • Written around 1500 BC.
• Men were hunters and gatherers. • Contains 10 parts (Mandals) , 1028 Hymns.
• Sama Veda (Collection of Melodies)
• Bhimbetka (M.P) has famous cave paintings.
• Yajur Veda ( Book of sacrifices)
• Discovery of Fire.
2. The Mesolithic age • Atharva Veda ( Book of Magic, Medicine )
Gayatri mantra is taken from Rig Veda
• Animal domestication was started with Dog.
• End of ice age .
The Society Four
3. The Neolithic age
Varnas
• Men started making houses. 1. Brahmin
• Discovery of Wheel. 2. Kshatriyas
• Agriculture and farming started. 3. Vaisyas
• Use of Pottery . The Chalcolithic age 4. Shudras
Vedic Literature
• The age of Copper.
• Upanishadas – 108 • Aranyakas – Written in
• First metal used by the human – Copper.
forests.
Indus Valley civilization
• Puranas – 18
• Also known as Harappa Civilization.
• Ashtadhyayi – Panini – First Sanskrit grammar
• Time Period – 2500 BC – 1750 BC. • Belongs
• Mahabhasya - Patanjali Epics
to Bronze age .
• Mahabharat – Largest epic of the world.
• Harappa, Mohenjodaro are presently situated • Written by – Ved Vyas.
in Pakistan. • Original 24000 verses, Present – 100000 verses.
• Famous for town planning and Drainage • Mahabharat has 18 Parts ( Parva).
system. Harappa • Ganesh ji wrote Mahabharata for Ved Vyas.
• Discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921. • Mahabharata war was fought for 18 days .
• At the bank of Ravi river. Ramayana
• Written by – Valmiki. In Sanskrit
• Famous for six granaries. Mohenjodaro
• Bhagawat gita is written by Ved Vyas ..
• Discovered by R.D. Banerjee in 1922.
• The mound of dead..
Mahajanpada
• The great bath.
• There were 16 large states in ancient india.
• Bronze dancing girl. Some more facts –
• Taxila University was the first university of the world.
• Lothal ( Gujarat) – Famous for the dockyard. Magadha Empire
• First to produce cotton. • Haryanka dynasty– Founded by Bimbisara.
•Harappan were not aware of iron, gold and horse. • Bimbisara was contemporary of Gautam Buddha.
• Trade – Barter system/ trade from Sumeria .

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• Capital – Earlier Rajgir, later – Patliputra. Ashoka-

• Founder of Patliputra – Udayin • Greatest Mauryan king. Son of Bindusara.
• Nanda Dynasty – Mahapadmanand. • Battle of Kalinga – 261 BC.
• Ashokan script ‘Brahami’ was deciphered by – James
Foreign Invasion- Princep(1837).
• Alexander, the Greece king invaded India in
• Iron Pillars were installed by Ashoka.
328 BC.
• He was the first European to invade India. • He built Sanchi Stupa.
• Battle of Hydaspas – 326 BC ( Alexander vs
Porus). Post Mauryan-
• Hydaspas is currently Jhelum river. • Milindpanho – conversation between Minander and
• Aristotle was the teacher of Alexander. Nagasena.
• First Foreign Invader – Darius ( Persia) • Vikramaditya started ‘Vikram Samvat’ in 57 BC.
• Kanishka ( Kushana) first to issue gold coin in India.
Jainism- • Kanishka started ‘Saka era’ in 78 AD.
• Founded by Rishabhnath ( First Tirthankar). • Gautamiputra Satkarni was a famous Satvahana ruler.
• Total – 24 Tirthankars.
Vardhaman Mahavir Gupta Age-
• Born in -540 BC ( Kundalgram) • Founder – Sri Gupta.
• Death – 468 BC (Pavapuri) • Golden age of India,
• Swetambara – wears white cloths. • Samudragupta - ‘Napolean of India’ , Prayag Prasasti
• Digambara – without cloths. by Harisena.

Buddhism- Chandragupta II
• Founded by Gautam Buddha. • Mehrauli Iron pillar.
• Original Name – Siddhartha. • Kalidas was one of the Navratna.
• Born in – 563 BC ( Lumbini ) Kapilvastu. • Chinese traveller Fa-Hien visited India.
• Enlightenment at – Bodh Gaya Kumaragupta – Founded the Nalanda University
• First Sermon at – Sarnath.
• Death – 483 BC ( Kusinagar) More Facts about Gupta age-
• Literature (Pali) – Tripitaka (Vinaya, Sutta, • Kalidas (Shakespeare of India) – Abhigyan
Abhidhamma) Shakuntalam, Meghdoot, .
• Budhcharit written by – Ashvaghosh. • Ajanta cave paintings are of Gupta period.
• Buddhist Sect- Hinayana and Mahayana. • Panchatantra – Vishnu Sharma
• Jataka – Stories of Earlier births. • Aryabhatta – use of 0 , value of pie (𝝅).
• Ajanta and Ellora Caves are dedicated to
Buddha. Harshavardhan-
• Capital- Thaneswar ( Kurukshetra). Later – Kannauj.
Mauryan Empire- • Last great Hindu king.
• Founded by Chandragupta Maurya. • Defeated by Pulakesin II .
• Teacher of Chandragupta – Kautilya ( Chankya). • Banabhatta wrote – Harsha Charita.
• Author of ‘Arthashastra’ – Chanakya. • Chinese traveller – Hiuen Tsang visited Harsha’s court.
• ‘Indica’ written by – Megasthenese. More facts about Ancient India-
• Megasthenese was the ambassador of Selucus • The rock cut temple of Kailash at Ellora – By Krishna I
Nicator. (Rashtrakuta)

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• Dharam Pala established ‘Vikramshila University’ • Aibak was given the title of Lakh Baksh.
• Sangam Age – Assembly of Tamil scholars. • Aibak died while playing Chaugan (Polo).
• Narsimha deva I built Konark Sun Temple. • The construction of Qutub Minar completed by
Iltutmish.
MEDIEVAL INDIA • Mongol Chengiz Khan invaded India during
RAJPUT RULERS
Iltutmish’s reign.
• Dantidurga was the founder Rashtrakuta dynasty.
• Chahalgani (40 slaves ) was set up by Iltutmish.
• Mihir Bhoj was a great Gurjar-Pratihar king. • Razia Sultan was the first Muslim woman to rule
• Rana Kumbha of Mewar built Vijay Stambha at India.
Chittor.
• Balban was last great slave king.
PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN
KHILJI DYNASTY (1290)
• First battle of Tarain – 1191 AD ( with Mohammad
• Jalaluddin Khilji founded Khilji dynasty.
Ghori)
• Alauddin Khilji started the system of Dagh and
• Second battle of Tarain -1192 AD ( with
Chehra.
Mohammad Ghori)
• Alauddin built Alai Darwaja at Qutub Minar.
• Chanderbardai wrote ‘ Prithviraj Raso’ • Amir Khusrau (Tota-i-Hind) a famous poet was his
• He along with Tomar rulers, was the earliest king courtier.
to make Delhi their capital.
• He fixed the price of all market commodities.

The Chola Empire

Chola empire was founded by Vijayalaya TUGHLAQ DYNASTY (1320)
• Giyasuddin Tughlaq founded Tughlaq dynasty.
• Rajaraj built Brihadeshwar Temple at Tanjore.
• . Mohammad Bin Tughlaq transfer his capital from
• Local Self- governance (Panchayat) was
Delhi to Devagiri.
introduced by the Cholas.
• Mohammad Bin Tughlaq is known as wise fool
• Chola’s was the first kingdom to have a strong king . Ibn Batuta visted his court.
Navy.
• Firoz shah Tughlaq built Firoz Shah Kotla.
• Rajendra –I assumed the title of
• Firoz constructed many canals.
Gangaikondachola.
• Firoz established many cities .
• Kamban wrote Tamil Ramayana. • Firoz imposed Jaziya tax on Non- Muslim.
• Timur-i-Lung invaded India during Tughlaq reign in
Islamic Invasion in India 1398.
• First Muslim Invader – Muhammad Bin Qasim • Tughlaq is the longest ruling dynasty of Sultanate.
(712 AD )
• Mahmud Ghaznavi raided India as many as 17 SAYYID DYNASTY (1414)
times and looted Somnath Temple ( Gujarat) .
Khizar Khan founded Sayyid dynasty. LODHI
• Al Beruni visited India with Ghazni, wrote ‘Kitab- DYNASTY (1451)
ul-
• Bahlol Lodhi founded Lodhi dynasty.
Hind’ • Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed Nalanda • First Afghan Dynasty to rule India .
University • Sikandar Lodhi founded the City of Agra.
• Sikander Pen name was Gulrukhi.
• Ibrahim Lodhi was the last Sultan of Delhi.
Delhi Sultanate • He lost to Babur in First battle of Panipat.
Slave Dynasty (1206)
• Qutubuddin Aibak founded slave dynasty.
• Aibak built Adhai Din Ka Jhopra at Ajmer.

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Mughal Empire • Todarmal was his finance minister,

• Mansingh was his army commander .
• Tansen was the famous musician.
BABUR (1526-30)
• Birbal was his prime minister.
• First Battle of Panipat (1526) – Babur –
• Abul Fazl wrote Akbarnama or Ain-I-Akbari.
Ibrahim Lodhi
• Akbar started ‘Din-i-Ilahi in 1581.
• Founder of Mughal Empire – Babur
• Tulsidas was Akbar’s Contemporary, wrote
• Autobiography – Tuzuk-i- Baburi (Turkish) •
Ramcharita Manas.
Babur was the first to bring gun powder in
JAHANGIR (1605-27)
India.
• Original name – Salim.
• Battle of Khanwa (1527) – Babur – Rana
Sangha • He executed fifth Guru ‘ Arjun Dev”.
• Battle of Chanderi (1528) – Babur - Rajput • English traveller Thomas Roe visited his court.
(Medini Rai). • Autobiography ‘ Tuzuk –i- Jahangiri’ in Persian.
• Razmanama – Translation of Mahabharata. • Her wife – Nurjahan ..

HUMAYUN (1530-40) SHAHJAHAN (1627-58)

• Lost to Sher Shah Suri in Battle of Kannauj • Original name –Khurram.
(Bilgram)- • He built Taj Mahal (Agra), Red Fort and Jama Masjid
1540 in Delhi”. Also Diwan-i-Khas .
• Battle of Chausa (1539) – Sher Shah Suri • He built the capital city of Shahjahanabad (Old
• Death –fell from the Library stairs. Delhi).
• Humayun’s Tomb is in Delhi by Hamida Bano. • French traveller Bernier visited his court.
• Humayun nama was written by Gulbadan Begum
. AURANGZEB (1658-1707)
• Killed his brother Dara Sikoh and imprisoned father
Shahjahan.
SHER SHAH SURI • He built Bibi ka Makbara ( Aurangabad).
• The Afghan king – original name – Farid • He • Called Zinda Pir.
is famous for his land revenue system. • Last Great Mughal Emporer.
• He started Rupee currency. • Started Jiziya tax again.
• Constructed Grand Trunk Road ( Sher Shah • Executed 9th Sikh Guru Teg Bahadur More facts
Suri Road from Peshawar to Kolkata). about Mughals.
• He constructed Purana Qila ( Delhi) • Salim chisti tomb is in Fatehpur Sikri.
• Sher Shah’s Tomb is in Sasaram ( Bihar) • Panch Mahal, Diwan-i- Khas and Diwan- i- Aam are
in Fatehpur Sikri.
AKBAR (1556-1605) • Akbar’s tomb is in Sikandara.
• Second Battle of Panipat (1556) – Akbar – • Shahjahan built Peacock throne, which was looted
Hemu , Akbar commander – Bairam Khan by Nadir Shah in 1739. Kohinoor diamond was part
• Abolished Slavery, Jaziya tax (1564) of it.
• Akbar established matrimonial alliance with the • Mansabdari and Jagirdari system was introduced in
Rajputs. His wife was Jodhabai. Mughal period.
• Battle of Haldighati (1576) with Maharana • Mir Bakshi was the military incharge during
Pratap. Mughals.
• Constructed Buland Darwaza ( Fatehpur Sikri) • Malik Mohammad Jaysi wrote ‘ Padmawat’
to memorise his Gujarat victory.
• He built Agra Fort, Ibadat Khana. SHIVAJI (1627-1680)
• He had the famous Navratnas in his court. • Religious teacher – Guru Ramdas.

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• Sardeshmukhi and Chauth were the main taxes

during Maratha. The Dutch
• Father of India navy – Shivaji • Formation of Dutch East India company in 1602.
Ashtadiggaja – Eight Ministers of Maratha • First factory at Masulipattam (1605).
Administration
The French
VIJAYNAGAR EMPIRE
• The French came to India in 1664.
• Harihar and Bukka founded the Vijay Nagar
• First factory at Surat.
Empire.
• Hampi was the capital of Vijay Nagar. • Dupleix was the most famous French governor.
• Krishna Deva Raya was the greatest Vijay Nagar • Carnatic wars, battle of Wandiwas (1760) were fought
king. against the English.
• Battle of Talikota – 1565. • The French left India in 1954 when Puducherry and
• Vijay Nagar had famous rivalry against the Chandernagar got independence .
Bahmani kingdom.
BAHMANI EMPIRE The English • The British East India company was set
• Bahman Shah or Hasan Gangu founded the up in 1600 by Elizabeth -1. • William Hawkins was a
Bahmani Empire. merchant who came to India in 1600.
• Gulberg was the capital of Bahmani. • First factory was set up at Surat in 1608.
• Mohammad Adil shah built Gol Gumbaj at • Thomas Roe got the royal farman (permission) from
Bijapur. Jahangir. • Their first settlement was set up at the Fort
• Charminar of Hyderbad was built by Qutub William .
Shah. • The East India company’s existence came to an end
in 1858.
BHAKTI MOVEMENT • The British left India on 15 August 1947.
• Alvar ( Vishnu) and Nayanar (Shiva) were south BATTLE OF PLASSEY
Indian religious sects. • Fought between the English and the Nawab of Bengal –
• Kabir- Disciple of Ramananda, wrote Dohas in Sirajuddaula.
Bijak. • Fought on 23 June 1757.
• Guru Nanak Dev – First Sikh Guru .
• Sirajudaula’s army general Mir Jaffer betrayed him.
• Chaitanaya Mahaprabhu- Famous Bengali
Krishna devotee. • English forces were headed by Robert Clive.
• Mirabai, Surdas – Krishna devotee. • Black hole tragedy happened before the war.
• Tukaram, Eknath, Naamdeva, Redas were other
bhakti poets. BATTLE OF BUXAR
• Fought between the English and the combined forces of
Nawab of Bengal – Mir Qasim, Nawab of Awadh and

Modern India the Mughals .

• Fought in 1764.
THE PORTUGUESE
• Treaty of Allahabad (1765)- land revenue rights (Diwani)
• Vasco da gama reached India in 1498. of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa were given to the
• He was welcomed by Zamorin of Calicut. • company .
Albuquerque captured Goa from Bijapur and
Bombay was later given to the English as dowry. Maratha
• They were the last European to leave India in • Third battle of Panipat – 1761 against Ahmad Shah
1961 Abdali.
( Goa , Daman and Diu) • Maratha prime minster were – Peshwas .

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• Other Maratha powers – Holkar ( Indore), LORD DALHOUSIE (1848-56)

Gaekwad • Doctrine of lapse – First state Satara.
( Baroda) , Scindhia (Gwalior) • Railway service – 1853 (Bombay to Thane) •
MYSORE Telegraph service – 1853. ( Agra- Calcutta)
• First Anglo-Mysore war (1769) by Haider Ali. • First engineering college at Roorkee.
• Third Anglo- Mysore war – 1792 (Treaty of
• Postal service also started during his time. 1857
Rangapattnam)
Revolt • Mangal Pandey of Barrackpore was the first
• Fourth Anglo- Mysore war – 1799 (Tipu died) martyr.
• Lion of Mysore – Tipu Sultan • The revolt is considered as the first war of
Independence . • The revolt started from Meerut on 10
INDIA (1772 to 1800) May 1857.
• First governor General of Bengal – Warren • Bhadurshah Zafar the last Mughal was chosen as the
Hastings. leader.
• Regulating Act –1773. • Enfield rifles’ pork or beef greased cartridges was a
• Pitts’ India Act – 1784. main reason. • Awadh was captured forcefully in
• Asiatic Society – 1784 (by William Jones). 1856.
• Lord Cornwallis is known as father of Indian civil • It ended in 1858 and the power went in hands of
services. British government.
• Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley
• The post of governor general was also abolished.
(1798).
1857 Revolt leaders
• Fort William college in Calcutta – 1800.
• Delhi – Bahadur shah Zafar/Bakht khan
• Jhansi – Rani Laxmibai
• Gwalior – Tantya Tope • Lucknow – Begum Hazrat
LAND REVENUE SYSTEMS
Mahal.
1. Permanent settlement-1793 by Cornwallis in
Bengal, Bihar, Orissa. • Bihar – Kunwar singh
2. Ryotwari system – 1820 by Thomas Munroe • Kanpur – Nana Saheb
in Bombay and Madras. Reforms by the English
3. Mahalwari system- Introduced in Central • Abolition of Sati – 1829 ( William Bentinck )
India, ganga valley. • Abolition of slavery – 1843
• Widow remarriage act – 1856
INDIA – (1800 to 1857) • Sharda Act – 1929 ( minimum age for marriage -14
• First governor general of India – William for girls and 18 for boys )
Bentinck (1833)
• Father of western Education in India -- SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMEMTS
Bentinck
• Father of Indian renaissance – Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• Policy of Paramountcy – Lord Hastings
• Atmiya Sabha (1815)- Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• English language was made compulsory-
• Brahmo Samaj (1828) – Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
1835 by Macaulay.
• Prathana Samaj (1867) – Atmaram Pandurang.
• Indian Panel Code – 1860.
• Father of Indian Panel Code – Lord Macaulay. • Theosophical Society (1875) – Blavastky, Olcott.
• Last Governor general and first Viceroy – • Young Bengal movement – Henry Vivian Derozio
Lord Canning (1858) • Satyashodhak Samaj (1873) – Jyotiba Phule • Self
• Universities were opened at Calcutta, respect movement – EV Ramaswami ‘Periyar’
Bombay and Madras (1857) • Arya Samaj (1875) – Dayanand Saraswati. • Arya
Samaj motto – Get back to the Vedas.
• DAV schools were started by Arya Samaj.

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• It also started Suddhi movement. Indian National Movement (1907-1920)

• Ramakrishan Mission – Swami Vivekanand . • Morley – Minto Reforms (1909) – Separate electorate
• Parliament of religions Confrence – 1893 by for Muslims.
Swami Vivekanand. • Capital shifted from Kolkata to Delhi – 1911.
• Aligarh Movement (1875) – Sir Syed Ahmad • Delhi Darbar – 1911 by King George V.
Khan. • Ghadar Party – 1913 by Lala Hardayal at San
• Mohammadan Anglo Oriental college started later Francisco.
it became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. INDIA
• Kesari newspaper by Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1907).
(1857-1885) • First census – 1872. (Lord Mayo)
• Kamagatumaru ship incident – 1914.
• First regular census – 1881.
• Home Rule league – 1916 ( Tilak and Annie Besant)
• Vernacular Press Act – 1878.
• Lucknow Pact – 1916 ( Congress and Muslim
• Queen Victoria became the empress of India – League)
1876. • Rowlatt Act -1919 ( Black Law)
• Father of local self governance – Lord Ripon. • Jalianwala bagh massacre – 13 April 1919.
• Ilbert Bill Controversy – 1883 ( Indian judges to try • Khilafat Movement – 1919 by Shaukat Ali and
the English). Mohammad Ali.
• Montague Chelmsford reforms – 1919 (Diarchy)
Indian National Congress • Diarchy means powers divide between British India
• Established in Bombay on 28-12-1885. and the princely states.
• Founder AO Hume . • Banaras Hindu University by Madan Mohan Malviya
• First president – WC Banerjee. (1916).
• First Muslim president – Badruddin Tayyabji.
Gandhian Phase (1917 to 1947)
• First European resident – George Eule.
• Champaran Satyagraha (1917) by Gandhi ji for indigo
• First woman president – Annie Besant. farmers..
First Indian woman president – Sarojini Naidu
• Kheda Satyagraha (1918) by Gandhi ji.
• Congress president on 15 august 1947 – JB
• First mass movement Non cooperation – 1920
Kriplani.
• Chauri Chaura incident – 5 Feb. 1922.
• Only time when Gandhi was the President – 1924
( Belgaum) • Swaraj Party formed by CR Das and Motilal Nehru –
1923.
Indian National Movement (1885-1907) • Simon Commission (1927). Lajpat Rai died protesting. •
Nehru Report – 1928.
• Drainage of wealth – Dadabhai nauroji.
• Lahore session (1929), Purna Swaraj. ( Nehru)
• Moderates phase (1885-1907).
• First independence day celebrated on 26 January
• Partition of Bengal – 1905 by Curzon.
1930
• Swadeshi movement – 1906. • Civil disobedient movement – March- April 1930.
Vande Mataram became popular during
•Also known as Dandi March or salt satyagraha.
Swadeshi .
• Surat split (1907) – Congress divided in two •Dandi March – From Sabarmati to Dandi .
parts . •Total Satyagrahi of Dandi March – 78 ..
•Only Woman participant – Sarojini Naidu .
• Extremist – Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
•Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) – Farmers.
Bipen Chandra Pal (Lal, Bal, Pal)
•Gandhi- Irwin Pact -1931.
• Muslim league at Dacca – 1906 by Agha Khan .
•Round table conference attended by Gandhi ji- Second
(1931). In London ..
BR Ambedkar attained all 3 Round Table Conference .

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• Poona Pact – 1932 between Gandhi and • Royal navy Mutiny – 1946
Ambedkar ( separate electorate to Dalits) • Also
known as communal award announced by Subhash Chandra Bose
Ramsay Mcdonald. • Born in 1897 at Cuttack. Left Civil Services
• Government of India Act – 1935. • President of Congress twice in 1938,39.
• Individual satyagraha – 1940 by Vinoba Bhave .
• He founded Forward Block.
• Quit India movement – 1942.
• Slogans – dilli chalo, Jai Hind and Tum Mujhe Khoon
• Quit India movement started on 9 August from do Mein tumhe azadi dunga.
Bombay).
• Died in a plane crash in 1945.(Taiwan)
• Woman who unfurled Indian flag – Aruna Asaf Ali.
• Radio announcer during movement – Usha Mehta
• Cripps Mission -1942.
Mahatma Gandhi
• Cabinet mission plan -1946
• Born in 1869 at Porbander.
Revolutionary Phase • Studied in England and work in South Africa.
• Khudiram Bose was hanged in 1908 at the age of • Wife- Kasturba Gandhi.
18. • First Satyagraha in South Africa against the apartheid
• Ghadar Party famous for outside India activity . policy.
• Bhikaji Kama made Indian flag in Germany .. • Books – My Experiments with truth, Hind Swaraj and
• Kakori train robbery – 1925 Harijan, Indian Opinion
• Ramprasad Bismil , Ashfaqullah khan and Roshan • Came to India in 1915.
singh were hanged. • Called Mahatma by Rabindranath Tagore.
• Bhagat Singh formed HSRA ( Hindustan Socialist Called father of nation by Subash Chandra Bose .
Republic Association • Killed by Nathuram Godse on 30 Jan 1948.
• He also formed ‘Naujawan Bharat Sabha’ • Political Guru – Gopal Krishna Gokhle. Churchill
• Lala Lajpat Rai was killed in anti Simon called Gandhi Naked Fakir .
commission protest in 1928.
• Bhagat Singh killed Saunders. Pakistan Demand • Pakistan name was
• Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bomb coined by Rehmat Ali .
in assembly in 1929.
• Separate country ‘Pakistan’ was demanded by Muslim
• Jatin Das died after 63 days of fast unto death in
league in 1940.
jail
• Direct action day by Jinnah -16 August 1946.
• Bhagat Singh, rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged
• Partition by Mountbatten Plan on 3 June 1947.
on 23 March 1931.
• Chandrashekhar Azad killed himself in Alfred park • First Governor General – Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Allahabad on 27 February 1931. First Prime Minister – Liaquat Ali Khan

Azad Hind Fauz ( INA) India Got Freedom

• Formed by Ras Behari Bose in Singapore • Prime minister of Britain in 1947 – Clement Attlee.
(1942) • Last Viceroy and First Governor General of
• United by Subash Chandra Bose in 1943. Independent India – Lord Mountbatton
• Azad Hind Fauz took help from Japan . • Integration of Princely states by – Sardar Patel.
• First place captured in India by INA – Moirang • Nehru’s speech on 15th August 1947 – Tryst with
( Manipur) Destiny.
• INA captured Andaman islands .
• Laxmi sehgal was the leader of Rani Jhanshi
brigade. FAMOUS BATTLES OF INDIA
• INA trial- 1945 (Red Fort) Battle of Hydaspes

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Alexander / Porus -- 326 BC India – China War -- 1962

Kalinga War India – Pakistan War-- 1965

Ashoka / Kalinga-- 261 BC
Bangladesh LiberationWar--India – Pakistan -- 1971
Invasion of Muhammad Bin Qasim Kargil war---India – Pakistan – 1999
Battle of Sindh-- 712 AD

Battles of Tarain Associations—

1st-1191 AD 2nd – 1192 AD Arya Samaj Dayanand Saraswati
Prithviraj Chauhan / Mohammad Ghori Brahmo Samaj Raja Rajmohan Roy
Asiatic Society William Jones
First Battle of Panipat
Babur / Ibrahim Lodhi --1526 AD Prarthana Samaj MG Ranade, Pandurang
Servants of India society Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Battle of Khanwa
Babur / Rana Sangha -- 1527 AD Home rule league Tilak, Annie Besant
Satyasodhak Samaj Jyotiba Phule
Battle of Chausa and Kannauj
Ramakrishna mission Vivekananda
Shershah Suri / Humayun -- 1539 AD & 1540 AD
Young Bengal movement Henry Vivian Derozio
Second Battle of Panipat Theosophical society Annie Besant
Akbar / Hemu-- 1556 AD
Ghadar Party Hardayal
Battle of Talikota --Vijaynagar / Bahmani --1565 Abhinav Bharat Veer Savarkar
AD Hindustan Socialist Bhagat Singh
Republic Association
Battle of Haldighati
Akbar / Maharana Pratap -- 1576 AD Azad Hind Fauz Ras Behari Bose

Battle of Plassey Founder of Dynasties, Kingdoms and Cities—

East India Company /Nawab of Bengal --1757 AD
Haryanka dynasty Bimbisar
Battle of Wandiwash Patliputra Udayin
East India Company /French --1760 AD Maurya dynasty Chandragupta Maurya
Gupta dynasty Shree Gupta
Third Battle of Panipat
Ahmed Shah Abdali /Maratha --1761 AD Nalanda University Kumargupta
Battle of Buxar Vikramshila Dharampal
East India Company / Allied Forces of Bengal, Delhi Sultanate Qutubuddin Aibak
Awadh and Mughals -- 1764 AD Mughal Babur

Anglo – Mysore wars Vijay Nagar Empire Harihar & Bukka

1st – 1767-69 ,,2nd –1780-84 Agra city Sikander Lodhi Maratha Empire
3rd – 1790-92 ,, 4th—1799 Shivaji
Anglo – Maratha wars
1st – 1775-82 ,, 2nd –1803-05 ,, 3rd – 1817-18 Foreign travellers—
India ‘s First war of Independence – 1857 Magasthenese (Greece) Chandragupta Maurya

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Fahien ( China) Gupta dynasty • Second World War – 1939-1945.

Huensang (China) Harshavardhan • Leader of Germany Nazi Party – Hitler .
• Dictator of Italy – Mussolini .
Alberuni (Uzbek) Mahmud Ghazni • Cold war – 1945-1991.
Ibn Batuta ( Morocco ) Mohammad bin Tughlaq • Disintegration of USSR – 1991.
Thomas Roe Jahangir
Revolt and Movements —
Indigo revolt Bengal
Kuka rebel ( Punjab) Ram Singh
INDIAN POLITY
Indian Constitution – Introduction
Munda revolt Birsa Munda
Aligarh movement Syed Ahmed Khan • Idea of the constitution – M N Roy.
• Head of Interim Government – Nehru.
Temple entry BR Ambedkar • Completed and Adopted on – 26 Nov. 1949.
Self respect movement Ramaswamy Periyar • Father of Constitution – BR Ambedkar.
• Republic Day – 26 January 1950.
Moplah revolt Kerala
• Total time – 2 years , 11 months , 18 days.
• Parts –22 (total-25)
Famous Slogans — • Schedule – 12 ( Originally 8)
• Articles – 395
• Swaraj is my Birth right and I shall have it —
Lokmanya Tilak Constituent Assembly
• Jai Hind, Delhi Chalo — Subhash Chandra • Formed by Cabinet Mission Plan -1946.
Bose • Total Member – 389.
• Tum Muje Khoon Do Mein Tumhe Azadi Dunga • First meeting – 09-12-1946 (Temporary President-
— Subhash Chandra Bose Sachidanand Sinha )
• Do or Die — Gandhiji • President – Rajendra Prasad • Vice – President – HC
• Aram Haraam Hai — Jawaharlal Nehru Mukherjee, V T Krishnamachari.
• Share Jahan se Acha — Iqbal • Drafting committee chairman – BR Ambedkar
• Inquilab Zindabad — Bhagat Singh
• Sarfarosi ki Tamanna — Ram Prasad Bismil Features of the constitution
• Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan — Lal Bahadur Shastri • Largest written constitution.
• Jai Jawan , Jai Kisan, Jai Vigyan — Atal Bihari • Parliamentary Government.
Vajpayee. • Secular state.
• Jhanda Uncha Rahe Hamara — Shyamal • Fundamental rights .
Gupta • Independent Judiciary.
• Democracy- Of the people, For the People, By • Single citizenship.
the People —Abraham Lincoln • Universal Adult Franchise.

Sources of the Constitution

World History – • Britain – Parliamentary govt. ,Bicameralism, Rule of
• French revolution – 1789 ( Louis XVI) Law.
• American Independence – 4 July 1776. • USA – Fundamental rights, Supreme Court, Vice
• Battle of Water Loo -- 1815 President.
• Russian Revolution – 1917 ( Lenin) • • Canada – Federal system.
First World war – 1914-1918. • USSR – Fundamental Duties.
• League of Nations -1920 by Woodrow Wilson. • Ireland – Election of the President.

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• Australia – Concurrent List 3. Right Against Exploitation –

• Article – 23 – Prohibition of Human Trafficking
The Preamble and forced labour
• Introduction to the constitution or its identity card. • Article – 24 – Prohibition of Child labour below
• Based on Objective Resolution passed by Nehru. the age of 14 .
• Contains Justice, Liberty, Fraternity, Secular, 4. right to Freedom of Religion – • Article 25
Integrity. – Right to Freedom of Religion
• Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious
Part – 1 – Union and Its Territories (1-4) affairs like property, institutions etc.
❖ States -28 , UTs – 8 • Article – 27 -- Freedom from taxation .
❖ First state to be formed on linguistic basis – • Article –28 -- No religious instruction in state
Andhra maintained institutions .
Pradesh 5. Cultural and Educational Rights
Part – 2 – Citizenship (Article 5-11) • There are • Article –29 – Protection of Interest of Minorities
5 ways to acquire citizenship of India. • Article –30 -- Right of Minorities to establish
• 1.By Birth educational institutions
• 2. By Descent Note – 7th Fundamental right ( Right to property- Article
• 3. By Registration --31 ) was deleted by the 44th Amendment Act 1978 ..
• 4. By Naturalisation
5. By Incorporation of Territory 6. Right of Constitutional Remedies • Article
–32 – Right to constitutional Remedies..
Part – 2 – Citizenship (Article 5-11) • There • Also called the Heart and Soul of the
are 3 ways to lose citizenship of India. constitution by BR Ambedkar.
• By Renunciation
• By Termination Part -4 – Directive Principles of State Policy (36-51)
• By Deprivation
• Citizenship Amendment Act-1955 • Article 40 – Panchayat
• Article 44 -- Uniform Civil Code
Part -3 – Fundamental rights • Article 45 – Early Childhood care
• Magna Carta of India. • 6 Fundamental Duties –
Fundamental rights. • Total – 11
• Taken from USA constitution. • Originally added by 42nd amendment Act 1976
1. Right to Equality – Swaran Singh Committee.
• 14 – Right to Equality before law • Article 51A
• 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on • Education for 6-14 years child is both
grounds of caste, religion, sex or place of fundamental duty and right.
birth
• 16 -- Equality of Opportunity The President
• 17 -- Abolition of Untouchability • Executive Head of the State .
• 18 -- Abolition of Titles • First citizen of the country.
2. Right to Freedom – • Article 52 for the President post..
• Article-19 – Right to freedom (6 freedoms ) • Minimum Age – 35 years.
• 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for • Tenure – 5 Years
offences • Elected by MPs and MLAs.
• 21 – Protection of Life • Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
• 21 A – Right to Education (6-14 years • Oath – By the Chief Justice of India.
children) • Impeachment – removal of the President .
• 22 – Protection against arrest and detention.

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• Powers – • Emergency Powers. • Money Bill introduced only in – Lok Sabha

• Grant Pardon . Speaker of Lok Sabha • Head of Lok
• All the constitutional posts are appointed by Sabha .
him. • First Speaker – GV Mavlankar
• All executive action are taken in his name. • Pro-tem speaker – temporary speaker at the
• Make regulation for UTs .. beginning of a new Lok Sabha.
• Veto Power. • He Presides over the joint sitting. Facts about
Parliament.
Vice President • 3 session – Budget, Monsoon and Winter.
• Ex – Officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. • Maximum time between two sessions – 6 months
• Minimum Age – 35 Years . • Current Lok Sabha – 17th
• Elected by the MPs only. • Budget is presented on February 1st every year.
• Oath – By the President of India. • Anti-defection law – 10th Schedule .
Emergency Provisions
Prime Minister • Article – 352 – National Emergency
• Head of the Government -- Prime Minister • Article –356 – State Emergency
• Head of Council of Ministers . • Article –360 – Finance Emergency ..
• Must be a member of either house.
• Minimum Age for the Prime Minister – 25 years Supreme Court (Art-124) •
• Tenure – Till Lok Sabha . Highest Court . 28 Jan. 1950.
• Oath – By the President . • Guardian of the Constitution .
• Chairman of NITI Ayog • Total Judges –34 .( Appointed by President) •
First Chief Justice of India – Hira Lal J
The Parliament Kania.
• Rajya Sabha -- Upper house • Current 50th CJI – DY Chandrchud .
• Lok Sabha – Lower House • Retirement Age – 65.
• The President • Judicial review powers.
• Only parliament can amend the constitution • First woman judge – Fatima Beevi
and make laws , it fixes the salaries of the High Court (Art-214)
members. • First High Court – Calcutta
• Total high Courts – 25
Rajya Sabha • Judges appointed by the President.
• Rajya Sabha -- Upper House (1952) • Retirement age – 62.
• Maximum –250 • PIL – Public Interest Litigation started in 1980s
• Miniumum age –30 years by PN Bhagwati.
• Tenure – 6 years.
• Elected by MLAs of states. Attorney General (Article-76)
• Nominated by President – 12 members . • Highest/ First Law officer of Government of India.
• Chairman -- Vice – President . • Can participate in parliament meeting, can’t vote.
Lok Sabha (1952) • Advocate General is for states appointed by the
• Lower Governor .
house . CAG – Comptroller and Auditor General (148)
• Maximum strength – 552 • Guardian of the Public Purse.
• Elected members – 543. • Accountant of the Government.
• Maximum seats – Uttar Pradesh ( 80 ) • Retirement age – 65 or 6 years.
• Age – 25 Years • Current CAG – Girish Chandra Murmu.
• Tenure -- 5 Years
• Head – Speaker

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Governor • Nagar Panchayat or Palika ( Committee)

• Head of the state. • Nagar Parishad ( Municipal Council )
• First person of the state. • Nagar Nigam ( Municipal Corporation )
• Age – 35 years. • Head of Corporation – Mayor
• Appointed by – President.
• Tenure – During pleasure of the President. Elections in India
• Oath – By chief Justice of High Court. • By President Of India .( Article -324)
• Official Residence – Raj Bhawan • Election commissioners – 2+1 .
• First chief election commissioner – Sukumar Sen.
Chief Minister • Panchayat Elections are held by state election
• Head of the state government . commission.
• Appointed by – Governor. • EVM – first used in 1982 ( Kerala)
• Oath – By Governor. • Current ECI – Rajiv Kumar
• Tenure – Till Assembly. • Election commission is the highest body for
elections and Party politics in India. Total national
Legislative Assembly • Parties --8
State Legislature or Language
assembly. • Total languages –22 • Schedule 8 contains languages.
• Maximum strength – 500 , Minimum –60 • Hindi is the official language ..
• Largest Assembly – UP ( 403) • Article 343 deals with language .
• Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry are • Hindi adopted on 14 September 1949.
UTs with Assembly.
• Age of members – 25. Finance Commission
• Participate in elections of Rajya Sabha and • Article -280
the President. • 15th Finance Commission headed by NK Singh.
• 1st Finance Commission – KC Neogi

Legislative Council Union Public Service Commission

• Upper house of state .. • Established on 1 Dec. 1926.
• Only in 6 states have Legislative council. • Members are appointed by the president.
• Maximum strength – 1/3 of total Assembly.
NITI Ayog
Panchayati Raj • Earlier known as Planning Commission .
• Self-Governance .. • National Institution for Transforming India.
• First Introduced on – 2 Oct. 1959 , Nagaur • Think tank of India .
(Raj). • Established on 15 March 1950. • First
• Three tier system – Balwant Rai Mehta Head – Jawaharlal Nehru.
Committee (1957). • NITI Ayog started on 1st January 2015.
• 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 – 24 April 1993, • Vice Chairman – Suman Berry.
Panchayati Raj became constitutional .
• No Panchayats in – Nagaland, Mizoram and GST Council
Meghalaya. • Goods and service Tax – 101st Amendment Act –
• Schedule 11 deals with Panchayati Raj. 2017.
• Three tier system-- • Gram Panchayat • Head of Council – Finance Minister.
• Block Panchayat or Panchayat Samiti Parliamentary Terms
• Zila Panchayat of Parishad • Question hour – First hour of parliament .
Municipalities • Zero Hour – One Hour after Question hour.
• Urban areas. • Quorum – Minimum members to be present
• 74th Amendment Act.

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(10%) • Brightest star outside solar system-- Sirius ( Dog

Star )
• Supernova – Explosive death of a star.
• Pole star is located in North direction.

Constellation
GEOGRAPHY • It is a group of stars, which form a recognizable
pattern in the sky.
Universe • There are 88 constellations.
• All the heavenly bodies – galaxies, stars, • Some famous constellations – Ursa major, Orion,
planets, satellites, comets, meteors, dust , Cassiopeia, Leo major.
gases together form Universe. • Ursa Major is also called Saptarishi (seven stars).
• Cosmology – The study of Universe. Also called Big Dipper and Great Bear.
BIG BANG THEORY • Orion is in the shape of a ‘Hunter’.
• Big bang was an explosion that forms • Leo Major is in the shape of a ‘Lion’. Solar
galaxies, stars .
System
• Big bang occurred about 15 billion years • The Solar system comprises the Sun and its 8
ago.
planets . The Sun
• Big bang theory was proposed by George
• Hydrogen and Helium are the main gases present
Lemaitre.
in the Sun.
• Black hole – Collapse of the star to form
• Age of the sun 5 billion years.
black hole .
• Photosphere – The glowing surface of the sun.
Galaxy • Corona – The outermost layer of the sun visible
• A large group of stars. during solar eclipse.
• There are more than 100 billion galaxies • Surface temperature of the Sun - 6000° C.
each having over 100 billion stars. • Temperature of Sun by – Pyrometer.
• Milky Way (Akash Ganga ) – Name of the • One revolution around milky way – 224 million
galaxy to which our Earth and Sun belong. years
• Size of milkyway is spiral. • Distance between Earth and Sun – 14.96 crore km
• Edwin Hubble in 1924, first demonstrated • Time taken by sunlight to reach earth – 8 minutes
about the galaxies. and 20 seconds.
• Andromeda is our nearest galaxy.
Measurement Units
• Light year – Distance travelled by light in 1 Planets
year. • Inner Planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
• 1 light year – 9.46 X 10¹² km. • Inner planets are made of rocks. They have
• Speed of light – 300000 km / sec very few satellite.
• 1 Parsec – 3.26 light years. • Outer Planets- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
• 1 Astronomical unit (AU) – 14960000 km Neptune.
( Earth- Sun Distance ) • Outer Planets are made of gases and dust also
Stars called Jovian planets.
• Heavenly bodies made up of hot burning • Planets rotates from west to east except Venus
gases like Hydrogen and Helium. and Uranus.
• Closest star to our solar system – Proxima Mercury
Centauri (4.2 light years). • Smallest and nearest planet to the Sun.
• Fastest Revolution ( 88 days).

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• No satellite • Slowest revolution speed – 165 years.

• 14 satellites.
Note- Pluto is not a planet now (Omitted from
Venus • the list in 2006), it is actually a dwarf planet.
Brightest The Moon
Planet. • Distance from Earth – 384000 km.
• Hottest Planet. • Time taken by moon light to reach Earth – 1.3
• Morning Star, Evening Star. second.
• Slowest Rotation Speed (243 days) . Its one • Rotation and Revolution speed are same – 27
year smaller than its one day. days.
• Rotates from east to west. • Part of moon visible from earth – 59%
• Earth’s Twin. No satellite. • Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin were the first
to reach Moon in 1969.
Earth • Sea of tranquillity is on Moon.
• Only Planet where life exist.
• Densest Planet. Comets-
• ‘Blue Planet’ due to the presence of water. • They revolve around sun. It has a tail which
• Moon is the only satellite. always points way from the sun. • Halley’s
Mars comet appears after every 76 years. Last
• Red Planet ( due to the presence of iron oxide). appeared in 1986.
• Mount Olympus on Mars is the highest Meteors and Meteorites
mountain in Solar system. • Shooting stars . Meteors enter the Earth’s
• Two satellites – Phobos and Deimos. atmosphere and start burning due to friction.
• Rotation speed – 24 Hours . • The burnt part which falls on Earth is called
• Most similar planet of earth is Mars . meteorite.
• Asteroid Belt is between Mars and Jupiter ..
Asteroids
Jupiter • Numerous tiny heavenly bodies between the
• The largest planet . orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• Fastest Rotation speed – 10 hours. The Earth
• ( Ganymede is largest in solar system) Europa • Age of the Earth – 4.6 billion years.
is famous satellite. • Shape of Earth- Oblate spheroid.
• Maximum gravity .. • Inclination on its axis – 23.5°
Saturn • Earth revolves around in Elliptical
• Second largest planet. • Radius of Earth -- 6400 km.
• Surrounded by rings made up of gas and dust. • Rotation Speed -- 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4
• Least Density ( can float on water). seconds. (Day/Night)
• Most Satellites-145 • Revolution Speed – 365 days, 5 hours, 48
• Titan is satellite of Saturn minutes. (Year/Season)
Uranus • Water – 71% , Land – 29%
• By- William Hershel . It is inclined at 98°. • Perihelion – Nearest distance between Earth
• Sleeping planet. and the Sun . (14.70 crore km)—3 January.
• It actually rolls from north to south. • Aphelion – Farthest Distance between Earth
• 27 satellites. and Sun. (15.20 crore km)—4 July.
• Green planet. • Apogee – farthest Distance Earth and Moon.
Neptune • Perigee – Nearest distance – Earth and Moon.
• The farthest planet from the sun.

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Eclipse
• Solar Eclipse – When Moon comes between Earth’s Interior • The Crust –
Earth and the Sun. • Outermost layer of Earth.
• It occurred on Amawasya (New Moon) only. • 10-50 km thin. ( More in continents and less in
• Lunar Eclipse – When Earth comes oceans)
between Sun and Moon. • Upper part is made of SiAl lower part of SiMa.
• It occurred on Purnima ( Full Moon) only. • Most abundant element in the Crust – Oxygen.
Equinox – When duration of day and night • The Mantle – • Intermediate layer.
is equal. (21 March and 23 September). • Thickness- 2900 km.
Solstice – 21 June ( Longest day), 22 • Astheosphere – Upper Mantle ..
December (Shortest day). • Magma is filled here .
• 84% of Earth is mantle
Latitudes • The Core – • Innermost layer.
• Equator – The line which divide Earth in two • About 3500 km radius.
equal parts – Northern Hemisphere and • Mainly contains – Nickel and Iron.
Southern Hemisphere. • Temperature – 600 -5000 C
• Atmosphere-
• Latitudes are the lines parallel to the
equator. • Nitrogen – 78.08% , Oxygen – 20.95%, Argon
• Equator is 0° latitude. – 0.93% , Carbon dioxide – 0.036%
• Largest Latitude – Equator (40,200km)
• Tropic of Cancer – 23.5° North. Layers of the Atmosphere – Troposphere
• Tropic of Capricorn – 23.5° South. –
• Arctic Circle – 66.5 North . • Nearest layer to Earth surface. Life exist in
• Antarctic Circle – 66.5 South . Troposphere.
• 1° latitude – 111 km. • Thickness of the layer – 0-15 km.
• Total latitudes – 181 • Weather phenomena like clouds, rains
• Latitudes decide climate and temperature . occurred in this layer. Stratosphere -
• Sun shines on equator throughout the year.
• 15-50 km thickness.
Longitudes • Jet aircraft fly in stratosphere.
• Lines between the poles which cut equator. • Ozone layer is situated in stratosphere.
• Total Longitudes – 360 Mesosphere –

• (Greenwich mean time-GMT) – Near • Coldest layer of atmosphere.

London. • 50-80 km thickness.
• 0° Longitude is called Prime Meridian • Meteoroids burn in this layer.
• 15° longitude = 1 hour ( 1° = 4 minutes) • Ionosphere or Thermosphere
• International Date Line -- 180° longitude. • 80-600 km thick.
• IDT passes through Arctic and Pacific • It contains electrically charged ions so Radio
ocean. communication occurs in Ionosphere.
• Day changes at International date line . • Also known as thermosphere .
• Africa is the only continent through which • Exosphere—
Equator , tropic of cancer, Capricorn and • Outermost layer about 10000 km thick.
Prime meridian passes through .. • Gravity and Atmosphere end here . Hydrogen ,
• Indian Standard Time -- +5:30 hours from helium gases are found here .
GMT. ( 82.5° East).
• Russia has 11 time zones.

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Hydrosphere – • Highest Peak of South America – Mt. Aconcagua

(Argentina)
• 71% of Earth’s surface contains water. • Highest peak of Europe – Mt. Elbrus (Russia )
• There are 4 oceans – Pacific, Atlantic, • Highest peak of Australia – Mt. Kosciusko
Indian and Arctic. • Highest peak of Antarctica – Mt. Vinson
• Pacific ocean is the largest and deepest • Most Saline water lake – Lake Assel ( Djibouti)
Ocean. • Longest River – Nile ( Originates from Lake
• Mariana Trench is located (11000 meters) is Victoria).
the deepest point. • Longest river of Asia – Yangtze ( China)
• Atlantic is the 2nd largest and the busiest
among the oceans. Major Volcanoes –
• Arctic is the smallest ocean and almost 1. Ojas Del Salado Argentina-Chile
frozen. 2. Cotopaxi Ecuador
• 97% of total water is in Oceans . 3. Mauna Loa Hawaii
4. Etna, Vesuvius, Italy
Lithosphere (Continents) Stromboli
5. Krakatoa, Meropi Indonesia
• There are 7 continents – Asia, Africa, North 6. Kilimanjaro Tanzania
America, south America, • Antarctica, 7. Fujiyama Japan
Europe and Australia.
• Asia is the largest continent by area and Rocks –
Australia is the smallest. • Igneous Rocks – Original Rocks •
• Antarctica (White Continent) has no Example – Granite, Basalt, Gabbro.. •
population. Sedimentary Rocks – • Fossils
• Africa is known as ‘Dark continent’. are found.
• Lowest Point on Earth – Dead Sea (-396 m). • Example – Limestone , Shale , Coal.
• North America and Asia are separated by • Metamorphic Rocks –
Bering • When igneous or sedimentary changes due to
Strait. • World’s largest rainforest is high heat or pressure ..
Amazon of South America. • Marble , Diamond. Gneiss, Quartzite, Slate.
• Penguins, Whales and Seals are found in
Antarctica. Mountains –
• Great Barrier reef is in Australia (Oceania).
• Oldest Mountain range – Aravali • Young
Fold Mountains – Himalaya.
Some Important Landforms • Old Fold Mountains – Aravali,
• Block Mountains – Forms rift valley – Vindhya.

• Longest Mountain range – Andes (7200 km)

– South America.
• Highest Mountain range – Himalayas
• Highest Peak – Mount Everest (8848 m) – Famous Mountain Range –
Nepal/China 1. Andes South America
2. Himalaya Asia
• Highest peak of Africa – Mt. Kilimanjaro
3. Rockies USA, Canada
(Tanzania)
4. Alps Europe
• Highest Peak of North America—Mt.
5. Atlas North-West Africa
Mckinley or Denali mountain. (USA)
6. Caucasus Central Asia

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7. Ural Russia Hurricane Caribbean

8. Great Dividing Range Australia Tornado USA
Willy Willies Australia
Earthquake
• Due to Tectonic plates and Volcanic eruptions. Famous Deserts –
• Intensity of earthquake is measured in Richter Sahara North Africa
scale Gobi China , Mongolia
• Earthquake more than 7 can cause destruction. Kalahari Botswana (Africa)
• Mercalli Scale – Destruction by earthquake. Dast-i-Lut Iran
• Seismology – Study of earthquake. Atacama Chile / Argentiga
• Seismograph – Device used to measure Taklamakan China
Earthquake Patagonia Argentina
• Focus – Point in earth where earthquake Sandy, Gibson, Victoria Australia Famous
originates Grassland
• Epicentre – Point on earth surface from where Pampaz Argentina
earthquake spreads Pustaz Hungary Stepe Eurasia
• Tsunami – Earthquake under water causes Downs Australia
Tsunami means Harbour waves (high waves) . Prairies USA
Cyclones – Llanos, Campos South America
Typhoon South China sea Veld South Africa
Cyclone Indian Ocean Savanah Africa

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Lakes Islands

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• Capital on Tropic of Cancer – Ranchi

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY • It passes through 8 states – Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
India Introduction – Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram
• Latitudinal extent - 8°4’ N to 37°6’ n
• Longitudinal extent - 68°7’ E to 97°25’ E Physical Division of India
• North – South Extent - 3214 km ➢ The Himalayas
• East – West extent - 2933 km ➢ The Great Plains
• Land Boundary - 15200 km ➢ Peninsular or Deccan Plateau
• Total Coastline - 7516 km ➢ Coastal Plains
• ( Longest Coastline – Gujarat) ➢ Indian Desert
• States - 28 ➢ The Islands
• Union Territories -8 The Himalayas
• Southern most point – Indira point ( Great • The highest mountain range, located between
Nicobar ) Ladakh and North-Eastern states.
• The greater Himalayas or the highest mountains
Area – are known as Himadri.
• [32.87 Lakh sq. km (2.44% of the World) – • The lesser or middle Himalaya is called
7th largest] Himachal.
• Population - [ 142 crore (17.50% of the World ) • The outer Himalaya or lower part is known as
– largest ] Shiwalik.
• Largest state (area) – Rajasthan Major Himalayan Peaks in India
• Largest State ( Population ) – Uttar Pradesh • Godwin Austin (K-2) – 8611 meter (PoK)
• Smallest state (area) - Goa • Kanchenjunga - 8598 meter ( Sikkim)
• Smallest state (population) – Sikkim • Nanda Devi - 7817 meter ( Uttarkhand)
• Highest peak of North –East – Saramati
Indian Standard Time (IST) ( Nagaland )
• 82.5 Degree East . Naini ( Allahabad) Major passes of India
• IST = + 5:30 hrs from GMT. • Jammu & Kashmir - Pir Panjal, Banihal, Burzil
• Sri Lanka also have the IST. • Ladakh - Zozila, Karakoram
Neighbours • Himachal Pradesh - Shipki La, Rohtang, Bara
• Land Neighbours – 7 (Bangladesh, China, lacha
Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan and • Uttarakhand - Lipulekh, mana
Afghanistan ) • Sikkim - Nathu la, Jelep La
• Longest Boundary – Bangladesh (4096 km) , • Arunachal Pradesh – Bomdila
• India – China - McMohan Line (1914)
• India – Pakistan – Radcliffe Line (1947) The Great Plains
• Pakistan – Afghanistan – Durand Line (1893) • The Indus, Ganga and Brahamputra plains
• India – Sri Lanka - Palk Strait and Gulf of comprise the most fertile land in world.
Mannar • The plain contains alluvial soil which is taken
• Wagah , Atari and Longewala Borders are by the river .
between India Pakistan . • Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West
• Teen Bigha Corridor – India – Bangladesh • Bengal etc are part of the Indian plains.
Naga Hills – India – Myanmar .
• Indian state having three side border with Peninsular India or Deccan Plateau
Bangladesh – Tripura • The area between Arabian sea and Bay of
Bengal and south of Vindhya comprise the great
Tropic of Cancer Deccan plateau.
• Passes through middle of India (23.5 º North)

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The Island Group

Western Ghats • The Andaman and Nicobar – Located in Bay of
• It ranges from Gujarat to Kerala on west coast Bengal. Over 206 islands.
of India. It is also known as Sahyadri. • India’s active Volcano – Barren is found in
• Anaimudi (2695m) in Kerala is the highest Nicobar.
peak of South India and Western Ghats. • Andaman and Nicobar are separated by 10
degree channel.
• Highest peak of Andaman – Saddle Peak.
Eastern Ghats • Lakshadweep – Located in Arabian sea. Over
• It is the eastern edge of the Plateau. 35 islands. Including Minicoy.
• Mahaendragiri is the highest peak of eastern • It is a coral island .
ghat. • 8 Degree channel separates Lakshadweep and
• Western and eastern ghats are enjoined by Maldives. Climate of India –
Nilgiri mountains. • Tropical Monsoon.
• Highest Peak of Nilgiri is Dodabeta (TN). • Monsoon starts in June from Kerala.
• Southernmost Hill of India – Cardamom. • End of the Monsoon known as retreating
monsoon.
• Western Disturbance – Winter rain.
Other important ranges and mountains of Peninsula
• Aravali – World’s Oldest mountain. Delhi to Drainage Sysytem of India
Gujarat. Indus River system
• Highest peak – Gurusikhar, Mount Abu • Indus originates from Mansarovar. Indus water
• Vindhyan – Divide India in North and South. treaty Ind-Pak (1960)
• Satpura – Series of seven mountains. • State where Indus flow in India – Ladakh.
• Highest peak of Satpura – Dhoopgarh • Sutlej – From Mansarovar
• Meghalaya plateau – Khasi, Garo and Jaintia • Bhakra Nagal dam and Govind Sagar lake are
hills. built on Sutlaj.
• Chhotanagpur Plataeu – Jharkhand and • Ravi and Beas originate from Rohtang Pass.
Chhattisgarh, rich in minerals. • Jhelum – From Verinag ( Wular lake) • Highest
Railway Bridge is on – Chenab river.
The Coastal Plains • Punjab is the land of five rivers.
• Western Coast – Area between Arabian Sea • Other rivers – Zanskar , Nubra, Shyok ..
and Western Ghats.
• Konkan – Area between Gujarat and Goa.
• Malabar – Area between Goa and Kanyakumari. The Ganga System
• Eastern Coast – The area between Bay of • The Ganga (2525 km)
Bengal and eastern Ghats. • Originally known as Bhagirathi, originates from
• Eastern Coast is more fertile . Gomukh glacier ( Gangotri).
• Eastern coast known as Coromandal coast . • Tehri dam is situated on Bhagirathi.
• Chilka Lake ( Odisha ) – The largest lake of • Ganga is formed by Bhagirathi and Alaknanda at
India. Devprayag ( Uttarakhand)
• Ganga is known as Padma and Meghna in
The Indian desert Bangladesh.
• It extends over Rajasthan and Sindh in Pakistan • Ganga falls into Bay of Bengal .
• Lake Sambhar – Most Saline water lake of • Yamuna joins Ganga at Prayagraj .
India . • Yamuna originates from Yamunotri.
• Kosi is known as Sorrow of Bihar.
• Damodar is known as sorrow of Bengal.

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• Part of Ganga System – Ken, Son, Betwa , Krishna Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, AP
Gomti, Hooghly, Chambal rivers . Brahmaputra Arunachal, Assam
• Chambal is famous for Gharial , it joins Yamuna. Cauvery Karnataka, Tamilnadu
Sutlej Himachal Pradesh, Punjab
Chambal Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan , UP
The Brahmaputra System • Narmada Madhya Pradesh ,Maharashtra, Gujarat
Brahmaputra – From Agriculture in India
Mansarovar.
• Known as Tsangpo in Tibet. Mainly three crop seasons – • 1. Rabi
– Between October and March.
• Enters India near Namcha Barwa.
• Wheat, Barley, Pulses, mustard, peas, gram.
• It is known as Dihang in Arunachal.
• 2. Kharif – Between June and October .
• Known as Brahamaputra in Assam
• Rice, jowar, bajra, ragi, maize, jute, cotton etc.
• Largest river island is on Brahmaputra river
• 3. Zaid - Between March and June .
named – Majuli in Assam .
Watermelon, cucumber and vegetables.
• Brahmaputra is known as Jamuna in
• Note – Jhum or shifting cultivation is done in
Bangladesh.
Meghalaya, Assam, Mizoram etc
• Ganga and Brahmaputra form Sunderban
Delta, the largest in the World.
Major Crops and Producing states.
• Other rivers of Brahmaputra system – Lohit ,
1. Wheat – Uttar Pradesh
Teesta, Barak rivers .
2. Rice - West Bengal
• Brahmaputra falls into Bay of Bengal.
3. Cotton – Maharashtra
4. Tea - Assam,
The Penisular River System
5. Coffee - Karnataka
• Godavari – Largest river of South India.
6. Sugarcane – Uttar Pradesh
• Godavari originates from Nashik.
7. Jute (Golden fibre of India) - West Bengal
• Known as Dakshin Ganga and Old Ganga.
8. Rubber - Kerala
• Krishna is the second largest river of South
India . From Mahabaleshwar. 9. Silk – Karnataka
• Narmada originates from – Amarkantak. 10. Tobacco – Gujarat
• Narmada and Tapi are west flowing rivers, do
not form delta. Green revolution
• Narmada and Tapi flow through rift valley. • It started in 1960s and related to increase in
• They fall into Arabian Sea. production of wheat and rice.
• Cauvery – Ganga of South . • Father of Green Revolution – MS Swaminathan.
• Originates from Kodagu , Karnataka .
• Sivasanudram fall is on Cauvery . White Revolution or Operation Flood
• Hirakud dam is situated on Mahanadi. • Related to milk production.
• Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Mahanadi are all • Father of white revolution Verghese Kurien.
east flowing river make delta and fall into Bay of • Kurien founded AMUL in Gujarat.
Some other revolutions in Agriculture
Bengal .
• Yellow Revolution - Oil seed
• Sabarmati river fall into Gulf of Khambat .
• Blue revolution - Fish
• Luni river flows in desert of Rajasthan.
• Red Revolution - Meat
• Silver Revolution – Eggs/Poultery
Famous Rivers Flows from states
• Golden revolution – Horticulture
• Black Revolution – Petroleum
Ganga Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand , WB
• Round Revolution – Potato
Yamuna Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi, UP
Godavari Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra

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Soils of India • Longest National Highway – NH-44

Alluvial soil – • • Golden Quadrilateral
Most fertile . It connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and
• Generally taken by rivers . Kolkata. About 6000 kms.
• Suitable for Wheat and Rice . • Bharat Mala Project is related to National
• Bhabhar (away) and Khadar (near) are type of highways development.
Alluvial. • Bhupen Hazarika Setu is the largest bridge of
• Found in Gangetic and coastal plains. India, on Lohit river in Assam

Black soil –
Airways
• Regur Soil .
• Airways in India started in India 1911.
• Suitable for cotton.
Major Airports in India
• Basalt ( Volcanic) soil.
1. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus – Mumbai
• Found in Maharashtra and Deccan Plateau.
2. Indira Gandhi International – Delhi
3. Subhash Chandra Bose International – Kolkata
Red soil--- 4. Meenabakkam Airport - Chennai
• Red color due to iron oxide . 5. Kampagowda Airport – Bengaluru
• Found in Chhotanagpur plateau area. 6. Birsa Munda Airport - Ranchi
7. Guru Ramdas Airport – Amritsar 8. Gopinath
Laterite soil – Bardoloi Airport – Guwahati.
• Formed due to rock ..
• Found in heavy rainfall areas.. WATERWAYS
• Suitable for tea and Coffee . • There are 12 major ports in India.
Mountain soil • Largest Port – Jawaharlal Nehru port
Arid or Desert soil ( Nehavaseva) Mumbai.
• Sagarmala project is related to development of
Ports.
Transport
Demography ( Census)
Railways- • First census in India – 1872 • First regular
• Fourth largest Railway network in the World. census – 1881.
• First train – Bombay to Thane ( 16 April 1853) • Indian Population – 121 crore (2011)
• First electric train was Deccan Queen ( 1925). • Largest State – Uttar Pradesh ( 20 crore).
• Longest train route in India – Vivek Express • Population density – 382 per sq. km.
( Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari –4200km – 82 hrs) • Highest Density – Bihar (1106)
• First Engineless and fastest train – Vande • Least density - Arunachal Pradesh (17)
Bharat ( Train 18). • Sex Ratio - 940 females per 1000 male.
• First Private Train - Tejas Express. ➢ State with Highest Sex ratio – Kerala ( 1084)
➢ State with least sex ratio - Haryana
• Metro Train ➢ Literacy rate - 74%
• First Metro rail in India – Kolkata ( 1984) • ➢ Highest Literacy rate – Kerala ( 93%)
Delhi Metro – December 2002. ➢ Least Literacy rate – Bihar (63%)
• Note – First Bullet train in India would connect ➢ Highest Litercy Rate (UT) – Lakshdweep
Mumbai and Ahmedabad.
Major Atomic Energy Stations in India
Road Transport 1. Tarapur – Maharashtra
• Third largest road network in the world. 2. Rawatbhata – Kota ( Rajasthan)
• State with largest road network – Maharashtra

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3. Kalpakkam - Tamilnadu Panna Madhya Pradesh

4. Narora - Uttar Pradesh
5. Kaiga - Karnataka
6. Kakrapara – Gujarat ( Tapi river) • Bahdhavgarh National Park –Madhya Pradesh
7. Kundakulam – Tamilnadu • Bandipur National Park–Karnataka
• Bhadra Sanctuary –Karnataka
National Parks in India • Chandraprabha Sanctuary – Uttar Pradesh
• Biosphere Reserve – Large Area where • Dechigam Sanctuary – Jammu and Kashmir
animals , plants are protected but in several • Dudhwa National Park – Uttar Pradesh
zones and no human activity is allowed in core • Ghana Bird Sanctuary – Rajasthan
area .. • Gir Forest – Gujarat
• India’s first Biosphere – Nilgiri -1986 • Gautam Buddha Sanctuary – Bihar
• Largest – Kutch • Jaldapara Sanctuary –West Bengal
• Total – 18 • Kanchenjunga National Park–Sikkim
• National Park – Large Area protected for • Nagarhole National Park–Karnataka
vegetation and wildlife only . Limited human • Namdapha Sanctuary –Arunachal Pradesh
activity allowed .. • Sonai Rupa Sanctuary –Assam
• India’s first National Park – Hailey National Park • Tungabhadra Sanctuary –Karnataka
( 1936) now Jim Corbett .. • Wild Ass ( Volvadore national park ) – Gujarat
• India’s largest – Hemis national Park( Ladakh) • Sariska national park – Rajasthan
• Jim Corbett National Park (UK) • Dudhwa National park – Uttar Pradesh
• Kaziranga (Assam) – One Horn Rhino • Pench and Kanha National park – MP
• Marine National Park (Kutch)
• Keibul Lamjao National Park –First floating Riverside Cities —
national park
Prayagraj Ganga , Yamuna
• Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve –Protection to
the endangered and specific species only Delhi Yamuna
Lucknow Gomti
Biosphere Reserves in India
Kanpur Ganga
Great Rann of Kutch Gujarat Hyderabad Musi
Gulf of Mannar Tamilnadu
Kolkata Hooghly
Sunderbans West Bengal
Cold Desert Himachal Pradesh Panaji Mandvi
Nanda Devi Uttarkhand Ujjain Kshipra
Nilgiri Tamilnadu
Dehang-Dibang Arunachal Pradesh Sri Nagar Jhelum
Panchmarhi Madhya Pradesh Ludhiana Sutlej
Seshachalam Hills Andhra Pradesh Guwahati Brahmaputra
Simlipal Odisha
Achankamar Amarkantak MP, Chhattisgarh Patna Ganga
Manas Assam Badrinath Alaknanda
Kanchendzonga Sikkim
Kota Chambal
Agasthamalai Kerala, Tamilnadu
Great Nicobar Andaman and Ahmedabad Sabarmati
Nicobar Cuttack Mahanadi
Nokrek Meghalaya
Nasik Godavari
Dibru –Shaikowa Assam

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Jabalpur Narmada Waterfalls in India

Ayodhya Saryu Jog ( Karnataka) Shravati river
Jamshedpur Subarnrekha Sivasamudram Cauvery (Karnataka)
Dhuandhar Narmada (MP) Doodhsagar Goa

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Climate and Forest • First Hindi Newspaper— Udant Martand

• Oldest running paper — Mumbai Samachar.
• Lowest rainfall— Leh Important Points —
• Forest type of India — Tropical Deciduous. Smallest Country Vatican city
• Evergreen Forest found in Kerala,
Second smallest, Highest population Monaco
Maharashstra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, density
Northeast India and Andaman .
• Mangrove Forest found in Odisha and Bengal . Maximum coastline Canada
• Total Forest cover of India — 24.62%. Maximum Boundary line China
• Highest Forest area — Madhya Pradesh
World’s smallest Republic Nauru
• Lowest Forest area — Haryana
• Highest area in percentage— Mizoram (84%). Largest landlocked country Kazakhstan
Tundra Climate Poles, Greenland
Economy of India
Taiga Climate Siberia
• India is a mixed Economy. Second largest country (area wise ) Canada
• Population depend on Agriculture—50%.
Second largest country (Population) India
• Highest sector of GDP — Service sector
• First Bank — Bank of Hindustan Third largest country (Population) USA
• Oldest Bank — Allahabad Bank . Most spoken language Mandarin (China)
• Highest Bank — Reserve Bank of India .
Second language Spanish
• RBI founded in 1935.
• RBI nationalised in — 1949. Second largest island New Guinea
• RBI is known as Banker’s Bank. Second largest continent Africa
• Indian Currency Notes printed in Nasik
Third largest continent North America
• Largest Bank of India — State Bank of India
(1955) Most water (country) Canada
• SBI – Banker to every Indian . Country without river Saudi Arabia
• Nationalisation of Banks —1969 .
• NABARD — Agricultural bank -1982. Second largest state of India (Area) Madhya Pradesh
• Globalisation Policy came in — 1991. Second largest state of India Maharashtra
• First Cotton Mill in India — 1853 (Bombay) ( Population)
• First Jute Milo — Rishra (Kolkata) -1855 •
First steel plant — TISCO(1907)
• TISCO is in Jamshedpur.
• BSE( Bombay Stock Exchange) and National
Stock Exchange (NSE) are in — Mumbai.
• Sensex is related to BSE.
• Nifty related to NSE.
• Bulls and Bears terms related to stock market.
• Leading Iron producer — Odisha.
• Uranium Producer — Jharkhand
• Coal Capital of India — Dhanbad (Jharkhand)
• Oldest Oil refinery— Digboi (Assam)-1903
• Oldest Hydropower project— Siva Saduram
(Karnataka)
• First Newspaper— Bengal Gazette (Hickey)

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Cities on River banks —

London Thames
New York Hudson
Budapest Danube
Rome Tiber
Baghdad Tigris
Washington Potomac
Paris Seine
Cairo Nile ENVIRONMENT –
Lahore Ravi • Ecology – Study of relation between organism
and their environment .
Tokyo Arakava
• The term Ecology was termed by Earnst
Hackel.
• Ecosystem – Particular category of organism in
a particular area . Eg- Pond, Tree, Field etc. •
Geographical superlatives— Highest volcano Ojas The term was coined by – Tansley
Del Salado (Chile) • Most stable ecosystem – Ocean.
Most Active Volcano Kilau (Hawaii) • Biome – A large ecosystem or group of
ecosystems .. Eg- desert, Forest etc.
Largest volcano Mauna Loa ( Hawaii) • Biosphere – Part of earth where life exists .. It
Largest Bay Bay of Bengal is group of Biomes.
Longest River Nile • Biotic Component – Living – Plants , Animals ,
Microorganisms.
Largest River Amazon
• Abiotic Components – Non – Living – Water,
Largest Gulf Gulf of Mexico Soil, Rock, Air etc.
Largest Sea Philippines Sea • Producers – Who makes own food.
• Consumers –Who depend on others for food.
Largest Desert Sahara
• Decomposers – Who decompose dead
Largest Delta Sunderbans organisms.
Highest Waterfalls Angel ( Venezuela) • Halophyte plants – Plants in salty soil.
• Xerophyte Plants – dry condition plants .
Driest place Atacama Desert ( South
• Hydrophyte plants – Aquatic Plants .
America)
• Succulent – Plants found in desert ..
Largest Island Greenland • Ozone Layer
Largest Archipelago Indonesia • Ozone layer protects us from UV rays.
• Depletion of Ozone is measured in Dobson unit.
Wettest / Rainiest Mawsynram place
• Greenhouse Effect
Largest Peninsula Arabian • Concept given by – Joseph Fourier
Largest lake Caspian Sea • List of Greenhouse Gases –
• CO₂, CFCs, CH₄, N₂O, O₃, Water vapours
Largest fresh lake Superior lake • Water Pollution – fertilizers, Chemical waste,
Deepest lake Baikal (Russia) waste from industries ..
Saltiest lake Van ( Turkey) • Air Pollution – gases like – carbon dioxide,
CO, CFCs, Ozone, Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen
Largest Gorge Grand Canyon dioxide

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• Noise Pollution – Sound of more than 75 db is

considered noise and more than 90 db causes IUCN ( International Union for Conservation of
pollution . Nature )–
• Soil Erosion – Air, Water and fertilizers .. • HQ – Gland
• Fauna – Animals of a region. • Red Data Book
• Flora—Plants of a region ..
• Endemic Species—Animal or plant found in a WWF ( World Wildlife Fund )
particular place only .. • HQ – Gland
• Endangered Species – whose habitat is in • Giant Panda
danger ..
• Extinct Species – Animals which are not found • International Solar Alliance – Gurugram
now and had disappeared ..
• Biodiversity – Variety in living organisms and
their species. By Dasmann. • Ramsar Wetland Sites –
• Biodiversity Hotspot –India has 4 hotspots – • February 2, 1971 signed in Ramsar ( Iran ).
western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas, Indo –
Burma and Sundaland . UN Conferences on Environment
• First UN summit – 1972 – Stockholm
Government of India Programmes related to • Rio Earth Summit – 1992 – agenda 21
Environment • Kyoto Protocol – 1997 ( Climate Change )
• Project Tiger – 1973
• Wildlife Protection Act – 1972 • Sustainable Development Goals – Total 17
• Environment Protection Act – 1986 SDGs
• Project Elephant -1992
• National Green Tribunal ( NGT) – New Delhi • Gir National Park is famous for Asiatic Lions
– 2010 ( Apex Environment court in India )
• Ganga Action Plan – 1985
• Bishnoi Movement – 18th century against • The first national park of USA – Yellow stone
cutting of trees in Rajasthan. national park
• Narmada Bachao Andolan – Against Sardar • Natural Indicator of pollution – Lichen
sarovar dam by Medha Patkar • Lungs of earth – Amazon Forest
• Chipko Movement – Chamoli District • Decrease in temperature with increase of
• (Uttarkhand) – Tree cutting by Gaura Devi, altitude – Lapse rate ( 6.5 °)
Sunderlal Bahuguna, Chandi Prasad bhatt. • India’s first marine national Park -- Gulf of
• Silent Valley Movement (1978)– Palakkad Kutch
district Kerala . By – Sugathkumari ..
• Valley of Flowers – chamoli
• Appiko Movement (1983)– Karnataka .. • Coral reefs in India –
Cutting of tree by Pndurang Hegde. • Gulf of Kutch, Lakshadweep, Gulf of Mannar
• JungleBachao Andolan–Birbhum(Jharkhand) • Which animal is known as sea cow – Dugong
• Bhoodan Movement – Vinoba Bhave • State with largest number of tigers -- Madhya
• Waterman of India – Rajendra Singh • Pradesh.
Birdman of India – Salim Ali
• Forest man of India – Jadav Payeng Climate – The Condition of weather of a place over a
• Treeman of India – Marimuthu Yoganathan long period of time .
Weather – Day to day change regrading temperature,
UN Environment Programme – rain .
• HQ – Nairobi

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JUNE
June 05 : World Environment Day
June 08 – Ocean’s day
Important Days – June 21 : International Yoga Day
June 23 — Olympic Day
JANUARY
JULY
Jan 04 — Louis Braille Day
July 1 — Doctors Day
Jan 09 — NRI Day Jan 10 — World Hindi
July 4 : American Independence Day
Day. Jan 12 — : National Youth Day (Birth
July 11 : World Population Day
day of Swami Vivekanand)
Jan 15 : Army Day July 18 — Nelson Mandela Day
July 26: Kargil Victory Day
Jan 23 — Parakram Diwas (Netaji Subhash Chandra
Bose’s birth anniversary) Jan 24 — July 29 : Tiger’s Day
National Girl Child Day Jan 25 — AUGUST
National Voters Day. August 6: Hiroshima Day
Jan 26 —: Republic Day August 9 : Quit India Movement Day
Jan 30 — Martyr’s Day ( Mahatma Gandhi) August 12: International Youth Day
FEBRUARY August 14: Pakistan’s Independence Day
Feb 02 — World Wetlands Day August 15: India’s Independence Day
Feb 04 — World Cancer Day August 29: Sports Day
Feb 13 : Sarojini Naidu’s Birth Anniversary ( National
SEPTEMBER
Women’s Day)
Sept 5 — Teacher’s Day
Feb 21 — Mother Tongue Day
Sept 8 — International Literacy Day
Feb 28 — National Science Day
Sept 14 —Hindi Day
MARCH
Sept 15 — Engineers Day
March 4; National Security Day
March 8 : International Women Day Sept 16 — World Ozone Day
March 21: World Forestry Day Sept 21 : International Day of Peace
March 22: World Day for Water OCTOBER
March 23: World Meteorological Day Oct 2 —International Day of Non-violence
March 26: Bangladesh Liberation Day Oct 5 — World Habitat Day, World Teachers Day
APRIL Oct 6 — World Wildlife Day
April 7 : World Health Day Oct 8 — Indian Air force Day
April 13 : Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919) Oct 11 – International Girl Child day
April 14 : BR. Ambedkar Remembrance Day, Oct 15 — Student’s day
April 18 : World Heritage Day Oct 16 — World Food Day
April 21 : The Civil Service Day Oct 24 — United Nations Day
April 22 : World Earth Day Oct 31 - : National Integration Day ( Ekta Diwas)
April 23: World Books Day
April 24 : Panchayat Day
MAY NOVEMBER
May 1 — International Labour Day Nov 11 — Education day (Birthday of Abul Kalam
May 03 — World Press Freedom Day Azad)
May 8 — International Red Cross Day Nov 14 — Children’s Day/World Diabetes Day
May 11 : National Technology Day Nov 23 — National Cadet Corps Day
May 21 — Anti Terrorism Day Nov 26 : National Constitution day
May 22 — World Biodiversity Day
May 31 — World No Tobacco Day DECEMBER

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Dec 1 — World Aids Day Commonwealth Games —

Dec 4 — Navy Day
Dec 7 — Armed Forces Flag Day • First Commonwealth Games — 1930 , Hamilton
Dec 10: Human Rights Day , Canada
Dec 11 — UNICEF Day • 2022 Commonwealth Games — Birmingham
Dec 16 : 1971 war Vijay Diwas • 2026 CWG — Victoria ( Australia)
Dec 22 — National Mathematics day • 2010 CWG – Delhi
Dec 23 — Farmer’s day Dec 25 • First Indian to win Medal —Rashid Anwar
— Good Governance day • First Indian to win CWG Gold medal —Milkha
Singh

Asian Games —
Sports and Games —
Olympics — • First Asian Games — 1951 , Delhi
• 2023 Asian Games — Hangzhou, China
• Ancient Olympics — 776 BC • 2026 Asian Games — Nagoya, Japan
• Modern Olympics — 1896 AD ( Athens) • 2030 Asian Games – Doha (Qatar)
• Father of Olympics— Pierre Da Coubertin • First woman to win Asiad Gold— Kamaljeet
Sandhu
• Olympic Day —23 June
• Headquarters— Lausanne (IOC)
• Olympic Symbol— Five Rings – Black (Africa), Football —
Red ( America), Yellow ( Asia), Green
(Australia), Blue (Europe) • First Football World Cup —1930 , Uruguay
• Olympic motto — Citius, Altius , Fortius ( Winner – Uruguay)
( Faster, Higher and Stronger ) • Most World Cups — Brazil (5)
• 2024 Olympic Games — Paris • Football Highest Authority — FIFA • FIFA
• 2028 Olympic Games— Los Angels HQ— Zurich
• 2032 Olympic Games— Brisbane • 2022 Football World Cup — Qatar
• 2026 FIFA World Cup – US, Mexico, Canada
India @ Olympics —
Cricket—
• Norman Pritchard — First Participant and
medallist-1900 Paris • First Test Match — Australia vs England (1877,
• First Hockey Gold – 1928 Melbourne)
• First Individual medal — KD Jadhav • Highest run scorer— Sachin Tendulkar
(Wrestling)-1952 • Highest Wicket taker — Muthiah Muralitharan
• First woman medallist — Karnam Malleshwari • Highest Test score — Brian Lara (400)
• First individual Gold — Abhinav Bindra • Highest One day Score — Rohit Sharma (264)
(Shooting) • First World Cup — 1975, England ( winner –
• First to win two medals — Sushil Kumar West Indies)
• First woman to win two medals — PV Sindhu • 2023 World Cup — India
• First T20 World Cup – 2007 (winner- India)
• First Winter Olympics — 1924 ( Chamonix) • India won World Cup in 1983 (Kapil Dev), 2011
• Most Olympic medals — Michael Phelps ( Dhoni )
• First Indian Captain — CK Nayudu (1932)
• First Indian One day captain— Ajit Wadekar
• ICC HQ- Dubai
• BCCI HQ— Mumbai

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Hockey—
Number of Players —
• India won 8 Gold medals in Hockey at
Olympics. • Cricket, Football, Hockey — 11
• First Hockey World Cup — 1971 • Volleyball— 6
• India won Hockey World Cup – 1975 • Baseball— 9
• 2023 Hockey World Cup — Rourkela, Odisha • Basketball— 5
• Kabaddi— 7 • Rugby — 15 Important
Tennis —
Cups and Trophies —
• Oldest Grand slam — Wimbledon (1877)
• Cricket — Irani , Duleep, Ranji, Cooch Behar,
• Australian Open – January- Melbourne- Hard Ashes, Gandhi – Mandela, Deodhar Trophy,
court Syed Mushtaq Ali, Vijay Hazare Trophy
• French Open ( Roland Garros) – May – Paris- • Football — Santosh Trophy, Subroto Cup ,
Clay court FIFA World Cup, Mardeka Trophy, I- League,
• Wimbledon open — July – London – Grass ISL, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup,
Court • Hockey — Agha Khan Cup, Azlan Shah Cup,
• US open — September- New York – Hard Court Beighton Cup, Rangaswami cup,
• Most Grand slam — Novak Djokovick (23) • Badminton— Syed Modi Cup, Thomas Cup,
• First Indian to win grand slam – Mahesh Uber Cup, Sudiraman Cup, All England Open
Bhupathi • Tennis — Davis Cup, Hopman Cup, Federation
• Most Grand slam by an Indian — Leander Paes Cup
(16) • Golf — PGA Tours, Ryder Cup, Walker Cup
• ATP – Association for Men • Polo — Ezra Cup, Radhamohan cup
• WTA — Association for Women

• FIDE is related to Chess. Sports Terms—

• Polo was originated in Manipur. • Badminton – Love ,
• Official distance for Marathon is — 42 .195 KM. • Boxing – Knockout , Punch, upper cut .
It is also known as cross country race. • Baseball – Homerun .
• Tour de France is related to Cycling. • Cricket – LBW, Duck , Googly, Doosra.
• First Indian Chess Grandmaster was • Chess – Gambit, Grandmaster .
Vishwanathan Anand . • Football – Banana Kick , offside
• Name of the FIFA World Cup — Jules Rimet • Golf – Berdie , Bogie , caddy , Tee
Trophy.. • Hockey – penalty corner , Astroturf .
• Swimming – Backstroke, butterfly .
• Shooting – Bull’s Eye .
Playing Areas — • Tennis – Deuce
Pitch – Cricket Cricket
• Weightlifting – Snatch , Jerk ..
Court Badminton, Tennis
Diamond Baseball
Other name for sportsperson
Ring Boxing • Boxer – Pugilist • Table
Rink Ice skating Tennis – Paddler .
Course Golf • Badminton – shuttler

Board Table Tennis

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National Sports of Countries— Serena Williams, Leander Paes, Mahesh

Bhupathi
• Canada — Ice Hockey • Golf — Tiger Woods , Anirban Lahiri, Aditi
• China — Table Tennis Ashok, Jeev Milkha Singh
• Japan — Sumo • Badminton — Saina Nehwal, PV Sindhu,
• India — Hockey Prakash Padukone, P. Gopichand, Lakshya
• Bangladesh — Kabaddi Sen, Kidambi Shrikanth
• Spain — Bull Fighting • Basketball— Michael Jordan, Satnam Singh
• USA — Baseball • Hockey — Roop Singh, Balbir Singh, Sardar
• Bhutan — Archery Singh, Dhanraj Pillay, Manpreet Singh
• Australia, England— Cricket • Boxing — Mohammad Ali, Mike Tyson,
Marykom, Vijender Singh
• Athletics — Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell, Milkha
Nicknames of Players
Singh, PT Usha, Hima Das
• Table Tennis — Achanta Sharath Kamal
• Wizard of Hockey — Dhyan Chand
• Shooting— Abhinav Bindra, Gagan Narang,
• Payyolli Express, Udanpari — PT Usha
Manu Bhakar
• Flying Sikh — Milkha Singh
• Formula One — Michael Schumacher, Lewis
• Black Pearl — Pele
Hamilton
• Indian Express — Mahesh Bhupathi, Leander
• Squash— Deepika Pallikal, Saurav Ghoshal
Paes
• Chess — Koneru Hampi, Vishwanathan Anand
• Rawalpindi Express — Shoaib Akhtar
• Billiards and Snooker — Pankaj Advani, Geet
• Dhing Express — Hima Das
Sethi
• Wall — Rahul Dravid
• Master Blaster — Sachin Tendulkar
• Haryana Hurricane — Kapil Dev
Awards and Prizes
Famous Stadiums Noble Prize —
Lord’s (Cricket) London
• Started in 1901 , in memory of Alfred Nobel
MCG ( Cricket) Melbourne (inventor of Dynamite)
Dhyan Chand stadium Delhi ( Hockey) • Given in Stockholm (Sweden)
Wembley stadium London ( Football) • Given in 6 fields – Physics, Chemistry,
Medicine, Peace, Literature, Economics.
Salt lake ( Football) Kolkata • Peace prize is given in Oslo (Norway)
Eden Gardens Kolkata ( Kolkata) • First woman to get Noble Prize — Madam Curie
• First Indian and Asian to get Noble Prize —
Wankhede stadium Mumbai ( cricket)
Rabindranath Tagore
Green Park Kanpur ( Cricket ) • First Indian Woman — Mother Teresa
• First Indian scientist— CV Raman
• First Economist— Amartya Sen
Sportspersons of Various Sports
Oscar Award —
• Cricket— Don Bradman, Shane Warne, Vivian
Richards, Mithali Raj • Also known as Academy Award
• Football — Pele, Maradona, Ronaldo, Lionel • Highest cinema award.
Messi, Neymar, Sunil Chhetri, Baichung Bhutia • Started in 1929.
• Tennis — Rafael Nadal, Federar, Djokovic,

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• First Indian movie nominated for Oscar— • First to get posthumously— Lal Bahadur Shastri
Mother India • First Foreigner to get Bharat Ratna — Khan
• First Indian to win Oscar Award — Bhanu Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Athaiya . • Other civilian awards— Padma Vibhushan,
• Indian to get two Oscar awards — AR Rahman Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri.
• Padma Awards are declared on Republic Day.

Grammy Award — Sports Awards —

Highest Music award.
First Indian to win Grammy — Pandit Ravi Shankar • Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna — • Highest sports
award in India .
Pulitzer Prize — Highest Journalism award. • Started in 1992, first recipient— Vishwanathan
Anand.
Man Booker Prize — Highest Literature Award. • Prize money — 25,00,000 ₹
First Indian to win Man Booker — Salman Rushdie (
Midnight’s Children) • Arjuna Award — Started in 1961.
• Dronacharya Award — started in 1985 , given to
Ramon Magsaysay award — coaches.
Asia’s Noble prize.
Given by Philippines government in social and Public Literature Awards —
service.
First Indian to win Ramon Magsaysay — Vinoba Bhave. • Highest literature award in India — Jnanpith
award.
Kalinga Award — Science by UNESCO • First to get Jnanpith — G. Shankar Kurup.
• First woman to get Jnanpith— Ashapurna Devi
• Sahitya Academy award — 24 languages
Gallantry Awards — ( English and Rajasthani )
• Other literature awards — Saraswati Samman,
• Highest Gallantry Award — Paramvir Chakra Vyas Samman,
• First to get Paramvir Chakra — Major Somnath
Sharma Film Awards —
• Highest gallantry award (Peacetime) — Ashoka • Highest film award in India — Dada Saheb
Chakra Phalke award.
• First woman to get Ashoka Chakra — Neerja • First recipient of Dada Saheb Phalke Award —
Bhanot Devika Rani.
• Other Awards (wartime) — Mahavir Chakra, Vir
Chakra Other awards —
• Other Peacetime awards — Kirti Chakra,
Shaurya Chakra • Dhanwantari Award — Medical Science.
• BC Roy Award — Medical Science.
Bharat Ratna — • Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar award — Science •
Golden Globe award — Film.
• Highest award of India . • Barlaug Prize — Agriculture
• Started in 1954. • Pritzker prize — Architecture
• First recipient— C Rajgopalachari, S • Sushila Devi Award — Literature
Radhakrishnan, CV Raman • Kalidas Samman — Music
• First woman to get Bharat Ratna — Indira • Abel Prize – Mathematics
Gandhi. • Laureus Award – Sports

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• Templeton prize – Science • Field Medal -- Playing it my way Sachin Tendulkar

Mathematics Mother Maxim Gorky
Great Expectations Charles Dickens Romeo Juliet,
Macbeth, William Shakespeare
Books and Authors— Othello
Origin of Species Charles Darwin
Indica Magasthenese
Harry Potter JK Rowling
Abhigyan shakuntlam Kalidas
Time Machine HG Wells
Harsh Charit Banabhatta
Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking
Kitab Ul Hind Al Beruni
Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela
Prithviraj Raso Chander Bardai
Wings of Fire, Ignited Minds APJ Abdul Kalam
My Experiments with truth, Mahatma Gandhi Hind
Swaraj Mein Kamf Hitler

Poverty and Unbritish rule in Dadabhai Naoroji India India after Gandhi Ramachandra Guha

Anandmath Bankim Chandra White Tiger Arvind Adiga

Geetanjali Rabindranath Gita Rahasya Lokmanya Tilak

Tagore India Divided Rajendra Prasad
Unhappy India Lala Lajpat Rai Ghulamgiri Jyotiba Phule
Discovery of India Jawahar Lal Nehru Ain-I-Akbari Abul Fazl
Guide, Malgudi Days RK Narayan Train to Pakistan Khushwant Singh
Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu Arthasatra Chanakya ( Kautilya)
Godan Munshi Premchand Padmavat Malik Mohammad
Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling Jayesi

War and Peace Leo Tolstoy Rajatarangini Kalhan

Wealth of Nations Adam Smith Mudrarakshas Vishakhdutta

Das capital Karl Marx Natural History Pliny

India Wins Freedom Abul Kalam Azad

Life Divine Aurobindo Ghosh Indian Defence –
Hindu view of Life S. Radha Krishnan
• Indian Army command – 7
Satyarth Prakash Dayanand Saraswati
• Indian Navy Command – 3
Asthadhyayi Panini • Indian Airforce Command – 7
Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
Military Institutions in India —
Midnight’s Children Salman Rushdie
Rashtriya Indian Military College Dehradun
The God of small things Arundhati Roy
Indian Military Academy Dehradun
The Republic Plato
National Defence Academy Khadakwasla (Pune)
Gulliver’s Travel Jonathan Swift
Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar National Defence College Delhi

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Officer’s Training Academy Chennai • Father of Indian missile technology— APJ Abdul
Kalam.
High Altitude Warfare School Gulmarg
• Agni —surface to surface medium range
Defence Service Staff College Wellington ballistic missile.
• Army Cadet College – Dehradun • Prithvi — First missile of India .
• Indian Naval Academy – Ezhimala ( Kochi) • Tejas — First India made combat aircraft.
• Indian Air force Academy –Dandigul (Hyderabad) • BrahMos — Joint venture of Russia and India.
• First Commander Chief of Indian Army –Gen. KM • T-90 Bhishma is a Tank.
Kariappa • Arjuna was the first battle tank of India.
• First Chief of Naval Staff – Admiral RD Katari • Dhruv is a helicopter.
• First Chief of Air Staff – Suboroto Mukherjee
• First Field Marshal – Sam Manekshaw Indian Space Program—
• Oldest Paramilitary Force --Assam Rifles ( 1835)
• Highest Gallantry Award – Paramvir Chakra • Father of Indian Space Program— Vikram
• First to get Paramvir Chakra –Major Somanth Sarabhai.
Sharma • Space program started in -1962.
• Highest Peacetime Gallantry Award –Ashoka • Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO )
Chakra – Bengaluru
• Commander-in-chief of Armed Forces – The • ISRO founded on 15 August 1969.
President of India • Current ISRO chairman — S. Somnath
• Indian Army commando–Para SF • First satellite of India — Aryabhatta, 1975 (with
• Indian Navy Commando – Marcos USSR).
• Indian air Force Commando -- Garuda • First satellite launched from India — Rohini
• Highest Decorated Regiment --- Sikh • First • First communication satellite — APPLE
Indegenous submarine – INS Shalki. • First moon mission – Chandrayaan -1 (2008).
• First Nuclear submarine – INS Arihant Found water.
• First Aircraft Carrier – INS Vikrant • First Mars mission— Mangalyaan (MOM) –
2013.
• Chandrayaan -2 launched in 2019.
• First Indian in space — Rakesh Sharma (1984).
India’s Nuclear Program —
• First woman — Kalpana Chawla (1997).
• First human space mission — Gaganyan
• Father of Nuclear program in India — Homi
(2024).
Jahangir Bhabha.
• Humanoid robot in Gaganyan — Vyomitra.
• Bhabha Atomic Research center — 1954 (
• India’s solar Mission — Aditya.
Trombay).
• Satish Dhawan center , Shriharikota (AP) on
• First Atomic reactor — Apsara (1956).
Pulicat lake.
• First Atomic Power station— Tarapur
• Thumba Equotorial Launching center , Thumba
( Maharashtra).
, Kerala.
• Heavy water Limited is in — Trombay..
• PSLV — Polar satellite launching vehicle..
• India’s first Nuclear Test — 1974 – Smiling
• GSLV — Geo-synchronous launching vehicle.
Buddha( Pokharan ).
• India became a nuclear power on — 11 May
International Space Programs—
1998 ( Operation Shakti).

• First satellite— Sputnik (1957) –Russia.

Indian Defence Reasearch Program— • First animal in space — Lyca-1957 ; Russia.
• First Human in space — Yuri Gagarin (1961)
• Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO) – 01-01-1958.

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• First woman cosmonaut— Valentina • First Human on Moon — Neil Armstrong (20
Tereshkova (1963). July 1969) .

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Surnames — • Tata Institute of fundamental Research —

Mumbai
• Grand old man of India— Dadabhai Nauroji • Geological Survey of India — Kolkata
• Rajaji — Chakrabarty Rajgopalachari • Central Leather Research Institute — Chennai
• Mahamana— Madan Mohan Malviya • Film and Television Institute of India — Pune
• Nightingale of India , Bharat Kokila— Sarojini • Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute of
Naidu India — Kolkata
• Gurudev — Rabindranath Tagore • Central Rice Research Institute — Cuttack
• Fuehrer — Hitler • Central Institute of Mines — Dhanbad
• Lady with the lamp — Florence Nightingale • National Dairy Research Institute — Karnal
• Flying Sikh — Milkha Singh • Sugar Research Institute — Kanpur
• Udanpari — PT Usha • Survey of India— Dehradun
• Deshbandhu — CR Das • National Petroleum Institute — Dehradun •
• Lok Nayak — Jayaprakash Narayan Forest Research Institute — Dehradun
• Lokmanya — Bal Gangadhar • Netaji Subhash Sports Institute – Patiala
• Punjab Kesari — Lala Lajpat Rai
• Man of Iron and Blood — Bismarck National Emblems of Countries
• Bismarck of India , Iron Man — Sardar Patel
• Little Corporal — Napoleon Bonaparte Australia— Kangaroo
• Banga Bandhu — Mujibur Rahman Italy — White Lily
• Sher – e- Kashmir — Sheikh Abdulla Japan — Chrysanthemum
• Quaid-e-Azam — Mohammad Ali Jinnah Turkey, Pakistan — Crescent and Star
• Frontier Gandhi— Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan New Zealand — Kiwi
USA — Bald Eagle , Golden Rod
Old Names
• Ghana — Gold Coast Abbreviations –
• Iran — Persia • AIDS – Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• Iraq — Mesopotamia • ATM – Automated Teller Machine
• Myanmar — Burma • BBC – British Broadcasting Corporation
• Sri Lanka — Ceylon • BCG – Bacillus Calmette Guerin
• Zimbabwe — Rhodesia • BHIM – Bharat Interface for Money
• Congo — Zaire Institutes and • CBI -- Central Bureau of Investigatio
• CNG – Compressed Natural Gas
• DRDO – Defence Research and Development
Research Centres Organisation
• ECG – Electro Cardiogram
• National Institute of Oceanography— Panaji • EVM – Electronic Voting Machine
• National Defence Academy — Khadakvasla , • GPS – Global Positioning System
Pune • GSLV – Geosynchronous Satellite launching
• National Institute of Virology— Pune vehicle
• National Police Academy — Hyderabad • HIV – Human immune deficiency virus
• National Archives of India — New Delhi • LAC – Line of Actual Control
• National Museum — New Delhi • PTI – Press Trust of India
• Indian Space Research Organisation— • PSLV – Polar satellite launching vehicle
Bengaluru • VAT – Value Added Tax
• Indian Institute of Science — Bengaluru • WWF – World Wild life Fund.
• Indian Military Academy — Dehradun

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National Symbols — Major Religions of the World

• National Emblem — Lion Capital of Ashoka
• Lion capital was taken from Sarnath iron pillar, it
Hinduism
has 4 lions, Elephant, bull , horse and a wheel.
• Four Vedas — Rigveda, Yajurveda , Samaveda
• National Motto — Satyamev Jayate
and Atharvaveda.
• Satyamev Jayate is taken from
• Rigveda is the oldest.
Mundakupanishad.
• Hindu Purana — 18.
• National Anthem — Jana Gana Mana
• Epics — Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• It was composed by Rabindranath Tagore (in
• Upanishad— 108.
Bengali)
• The word ‘Hindu’ is taken from word ‘Sindhu’ ,
• It was first sung in 1911, Calcutta.
it was first used by the Arabs.
• It takes 52 seconds to sing.
• Incarnations of Lord Vishnu — 10 ( First —
• National song — Vande Mataram
Matsya, Last — Kalki)
• Vande Mataram was written by Bankim Chandra
• Manu smriti is the ancient law book.
Chatterjee.
• Rigveda is known as first testament of the
• It was first sung in 1896.
world.
• It is taken from Anand Math..
• Bhagwat Gita is taken from ‘Bhishma Parva ‘ of
• Vande Mataram was the main song during
the Mahabharat.
independence struggle.
• Hindu New Year – Vikram samvat , Chaitra.
• Jana Gana Mana and Vande Mataram was
adopted on 24 January 1950.
• National Flag — Tricolour ( Tiranga) Buddhism
• It was designed by Pingali Venkaiya.
• Saffron Color is for strength, courage and • Founded by Gautama Buddha .
sacrifice. • Also known as shakya Muni.
• White indicates peace. • Gautam Buddha’s original name was Siddharth.
• Green for growth, prosperity. • He was born in Lumbini in 563 BC.
• Blue wheel ( Ashoka Chakra or Dharma chakra) • He was the prince of Kapilvastu.
has 24 spokes, shows progress. • He left home at 29.
• Tricolour was adopted on 22 July 1947. • He got enlightened at Bodhgaya under a peepal
• Ratio of width to length is 2:3 tree.
• National Animal — Royal Bengal Tiger. • First sermon — Sarnath.
• Tiger was adopted in 1973 . • He died in Kushinagar in 483 BC
• National Bird — Peacock. (Mahaparinirvana).
• National Calendar— Shaka Era . • Three sects of Buddhism — Hinayana,
• Shaka Era was started by Kanishka in 78 AD . Mahayana, Vajrayan.
• It was adopted on 22 March 1957. • Three books ( Tripitaka ) — Sutta, Vinaya,
• Chaitra is the first month of Shaka calendar. Abhidhamma
• National River — Ganga • Buddhist literature language— Pali.
• National Aquatic animal — Gangetic Dolphin. • Buddha Charit written by Ashvagosh.
• National Fruit — Mango • Dhamma — teachings of Buddha..
• National Flower — Lotus • Sanchi Stupa is a Buddhist monument
• National Tree — Banyan constructed by Ashoka.
• National Heritage animal — Elephant. • Largest Buddhist temple — Indonesia
• National Festival— 26 January, 15 August, 2 • Buddha believed in the philosophy of Nirvana.
October • Stupa — Remains of Buddhist monks are kept.

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• Chaitya— Worship place, Vihara — Residence Islam —

place.
• Bodhisatva— Who has attained enlightenment. • Founded by Prophet Mohammad.
Jainism — • He was born in Mecca .
• Islamic calendar — Hijri calendar.
• Founder — Rishabdeb ( 1st Tirthankara ) • Sacred book — Quran.
• Total Tirthankaras — 24. • Largest mosque — Masjid al Haram , Mecca.
• 24th and last — Vardhaman Mahavira. • Famous Festivals – Eid, Muharram,
• Mahavir was born in Kundagram ( Vaishali) in • Islamic sects — Shia, Sunni, Ahmediya.
540 BC • Indonesia has largest Muslim population.
• Died in Pavapuri in 468 BC.
• Jainism has two sects — Digambar (no cloth)
and Swetanbar ( white cloth ).
Christianity
• Dilawara Jain temple is in Mount Abu. • Most popular religion of the world.
• Mahavira got enlightened at Jimbhikagram . • Founded by Jesus Christ..
• Famous Places— Gomateshwara temple, • Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem,Jerusalem
Shravanabelagola (Karnataka). to Joseph and Mary.
• Jesus Christ birthday — 25 December –
Sikhism — Christmas Day.
• Good Friday is celebrated on the day of death
• Founder – Guru Nanak Dev. of Jesus
• First Guru Nanak Dev born in Talwandi in 1469 • Christianity sects — Roman Catholic and
AD. Protestant.
• Nanak Dev started Langar ( free kitchen ). • Largest church — St. Peter’s basilica, Vatican
• Total Gurus — 10. City
• Guru Ramdas founded the city of Amritsar. • Largest church in India — Goa
• Gurmukhi script is founded by Guru Angad • Holy book — Bible.
Dev. • Original language of Bible — Hebrew .
• Golden temple ( Harmandir Sahib was • Cross is the religious symbol of Christianity.
constructed by Arjun Dev. • Highest religious leader – Pope.
• Arjun Dev compiled Guru Granth Sahib , Sikh’s
sacred book. Zoroastrian
• Guru Hargobind turns Sikhs in a warrior clan.
• Ninth Guru — Tegh Bahadur , executed by • Also known as Parsi.
Aurangzeb. • Founder — Zoroaster .
• Sheeshganj Gurudwara is a memorial of Tegh • Holy Book — Zend Avesta.
Bahadur. • Parsi worships Fire god .
• Last Guru – Gobind Singh. • Parsi lives mostly in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
• Gobind Singh was born in Patna sahib. • Festival— Navroj ( New Year )
• He introduced Khalsa Panth. • God — Ahur
• Gobind Singh declared Guru Granth Sahib as
the future guru. Judaism
• Important festivals— Guruparab, Holla
Mohalla, Baisaakhi, Lohri. • Also known as Jewish.
• Palestine (Holy Land) is known as land of
Jewish.
• Holy Book — Tanakh.
• Language— Hebrew .

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• Worship Place – Synogogue . Kerala Ottam Thullal

• Scripture – Torah Punjab Bhangra, Gidda
• Hitler killed thousands of Jewish during World
war -2. Rajasthan Ghumar,
Andhra, Tamilnadu Kollatam
• Note — Jerusalem is a holy place for Islam, Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, kajri
Christianity and Judaism. Uttarakhand Gharwali, Kumaon
• Lotus temple of Delhi is related to Baha’i
religion. Nagaland Bamboo dance
Jharkhand Chhou
Maharashtra Lavani
Classical Dances of India
Nagaland Rangma
• There are 8 classical dances in India.

• Bharatnatyam
Famous classical dance and Music
• Related to Tamilnadu.
and Culture Personalities
• Solo dance.
• National classical dance of India.
Birju Maharaj Kathak
• Dance themes are taken from Ramayana and
Mahabharata. Mrinalini Sarabhai Bharatnatyam
• Kathakali ( Kerala ) • Based on Indian Epics. • Sonal Mansingh Bharatnatyam
Kuchipuri — ( Andhra Pradesh ) MS Subbalaxmi Music
• Got name from a village.
• Themes — Bhagwat purana. Girija Devi Music
• Kathak – Uttar Pradesh Pandit Jasraj Hindustani music
• Kathak is story telling dance. Bhimsen Joshi Music
• It is influenced by God Krishna’s Raslila.
• Wajid Ali Shah , nawab of Awadh was the patron of Malini Avasthi Music
Kathak. Teejan Bai Folk dancer
• Birju Maharaj was a famous Kathak dancer. MF Hussain Painter
• Odishi • Manipuri • Sattriya , Assam •
Raja Ravi Verma Painter
Mohiniattam , Kerala
• Mohiniattam is performed only by women .

Musical Instruments and their

Folk Dances of India — players
Assam Bihu Sitar Ravi shankar
Gujarat Garba, Dandiya Sarod Amjad Ali Khan
Haryana Dhamal Violin TN Krishnan, Zubin Mehta
Himachal Jhora Santoor Shiv Kumar Sharma
Jammu & Kashmir Rauf Flute Hariprasad Chaurasia
Karnataka Yaksha gana

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Shehnai Bismillah Khan Tabla Famous Dress Around World –

Zakir Hussain
• Kimono -- Japan
• Maasai -- kenya

Famous dance around the world –

Famous Festivals of India • Ballet - Russia
• Flamenco – Spain
Baisakhi, Lohri Punjab • Break Dance – USA
• Belly Dance – Middle east
Hornbill Nagaland • Kabuki -- Japan
Durga Puja West Bengal • Salsa -- Cuba
Ganesh Chaturthi Maharashtra • Samba -- Brazil
Bihu Assam
Pongal, Jallikattu Tamilnadu
Geographical Epithet
Onam Kerala • Dark Continent — Africa
Rath Yatra Odisha • City of Golden Gate — San Francisco
• City of Magnificent Buildings — Washington
Hemis Ladakh Losar HP • Cockpit of Europe — Belgium
Ugadi Andhra • City of Seven Hills — Rome
Thaisoopam Tamilnadu • Forbidden City — Lhasa
• Windy City — Chicago
Thissur Pooram Kerala • Land of Golden Pagoda — Myanmar
Lossong Sikkim • Gift of the Nile — Egypt
• Hermit Kingdom — North Korea
Mandu MP
• Island Continent — Australia
Bonalu Telengana • Island of Cloves— Zanzibar
Cherry Blossom Meghalaya • Key to the Mediterranean — Gibraltar
• Land of Golden Fleece — Australia
Tulip Festival J&K • Land of Maple— Canada
Yaoshang Manipur • Land of Morning Calm — South Korea
• Land of the Midnight Sun — Norway
Naukhai Odisha • Land of the Rising Sun — Japan
• Land of the Thunderbolt — Bhutan
Famous Food of Indian states • Land of Thousand Lakes — Finland
• Land of White Elephant — Thailand
• Pearl of the Antilles — Cuba
Litti Chokha Bihar • Roof of the World — The Pamir
• Spice Garden of India — Kerala
Dhokla Gujarat
• Sugar Bowl of the World — Cuba
Dal Churma Rajasthan • Playground of Europe — Switzerland
Vada Pav Mumbai • Land of Kangaroo — Australia
• Lungs of Earth — Amazon Forest
Idli, Dosa, Utpam , Sambhar Tamil Nadu • Sick men of Europe— Turkey
Rasgulla West Bengal • Bread Basket of the World – Prairies.

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Famous Geographical Surnames of India — • Blue Mountains — Niligiri

• City Beautiful — Chandigarh
• Queen of Arabian Sea — Kochi • Manchester of India — Ahmedabad

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General Superlatives

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Temples of India – 3. Economic and Social Council — 54

Kedarnath, Badrinath Uttarakhand members.
Jagannath Temple Puri (Odisha) 4. International Court of Justice ( The
Akshardham Gujarat, Delhi Hague ,
Dilwara Jain Temple Mount Abu (Raj) Netherlands) Total Judges — 15 ( 9 Year
Mahabodhi Gaya (Bihar) Term )
Minakshi Temple Madurai (TN) 5. The Secretariat— HQ - New York 6.
Brihadeeshwar Tanjore Trusteeship council — Not working
Amarnath, Vaishno Devi Jammu and Kashmir UN agencies
Khajuraho Sun temple Madhya Pradesh
Konark Sun Temple Odisha World Health Organisation (WHO Geneva
Somnath Gujarat UN International Children Emergency
Kashi Viswanath Varanasi York
Virupaksh, Chariot Hampi Fund (UNICEF)
Kamakhya Devi Guwahati International Labour Organisation (ILO )
Jwala Devi Kangra (HP) Geneva
Thirupati Balaji Andhra Pradesh UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Paris
Sabrimala Kerala Organisation (UNESCO)
Food and Agricultural Organisation Rome
Lingaraj Temple Bhubaneshwar
(FAO )
Padmanabhan Kerala
UN Atomic Energy Agency Vienna
UN Environmental Programme Nairobi
United Nations World Trade Organisation ( WTO) Geneva
World Bank , IMF Washington
• Foundation— 24 October 1945 UN Development Program ( UNDP )
• Former name — League of Nations York
(1920) World Meteorological Organisation Geneva
• Father of UN — Franklin D Roosevelt
• Total members — 193
• Latest member — South Sudan International Organisations
• Parts or Organs- 6
• Headquarters— New York INTERPOL Lyon
• Secretary General— Antonio Guttarez
• Official Languages of UN (6) – English , Red Cross Geneva
French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese NATO (1949) Brussels
and Arabic.
OPEC Vienna
1. General Assembly (HQ- New York ) World Wildlife Fund Gland
— Parliament of the World Amnesty International London
2. Security Council — Members- 15
(Permanent- European Union Brussels
5 ( Russia, USA, Britain, China, France) SAARC Kathmandu
Asian Development Bank ( ADB) Manila
• Non Permanent member - 10 ( 2
years term ) ASEAN Jakarta BIMSTEC
• Permanent members have veto Dhaka
power.

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Other Organisation — • G-20 — Developing Countries

• Non Alignment Movement— 1961
• QUAD — India , Japan, Australia, ( Belgrade)
USA. • Association of South East Asian Nations
• I2U2 – India, Israel, USA, UAE (ASEAN ) — 1967, Members— 10 .
• South Asian Association for Regional
• G-7 — Developed Countries — USA, Cooperation (SAARC) - 1985, Members -8
Canada, Britain, Germany, Italy,
Japan, France
• BRICS ( Brazil , Russia, India, China, South Africa) — 2009

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India Superlatives

First Home Minister of Independent India Sardar Patel

First Education Minister of Independent India Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

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First large-scale Atomic Reactor of India Apsara

First Governor of Bengal Robert Clive
First Governor General of Bengal Warren Hastings
First Governor General of India William Bentinck
Last Governor General and First Viceroy of India Lord Canning
Last Viceroy and First Governor General of Independent India Lord Mountbatton
First Commander-in-Chief of Free India General Kariappa
First Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindrnath Tagore
First Indian Judge of the International Court of Justice Nagendra Singh
First Indian to get Bharat Ratna Award S. Radhakrishanan, CV Raman,
Rajagopalachari
First Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw
The President of Constituent Assembly Rajendra Prasad first Indian to swim across
the English Channel Mihir sen first Indian to get Jnanpeeth Award G. Shankar
Kurup First Muslim President of Indian Republic Zakir Hussain
First Speaker of Lok Sabha GV Mavlankar
First President of Indian National Congress WC Banerjee
First Indian Governor General of Independent India C . Rajgopalachari
First Indian to pass ICS Satyendra Nath Tagore
First Governor General of India (After Independence) Mountbatton first Indian
Cosmonaut (to go into space) Rakesh Sharma
First temporary President of the Constitutent Assembly Sachidanand Sinha
First Person to get Paramvir Chakra Major Somnath sharma
First Atomic Submarine of India INS Arihant
First Indian Scientist to get Nobel Prize CV Raman
First Indian made Submarine INS Shalki
First Asian Games organised 1951 Delhi
India's first Election Commissioner Sukumar sen
First Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyebji
First Chief Justice of India Hiralal J Kania
First Person to submit the proposal of Indian Independence in a Congress Hasrat Mohani
Session (1921)

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• Cell -- Robert Hooke

SCIENCE • Nucleus – Robert Brown
• Bacteria – Leuwenhoek
• Oxygen – Joseph Priestley
Famous Inventions – • Hydrogen -- Cavandish
• Air conditioning – Carrier • Nitrogen – Daniel Rutherford
• Aeroplane – Orville and Wilbur • Vitamin – Funk
Wright • Vaccination -- Edward Jenner
• Atom Bomb --- Robert • Stethoscope – Rene laennec
Oppenheimer • DNA structure – watson and Crick
• Electric lamp -- Thomas Edison • Blood Circulation – William Harvey
• Bicycle -- Macmillan • Heart Transplant – Christian
• Petrol Car -- Karl Benz Bernard
• Cement -- Joseph Aspidin • Insulin -- Banting and Best
• Diesel Engine -- Rudolf Diesel • Rabies Vaccine -- Louis Pasteur
• Electric Lamp – Thomas Alva • Polio Vaccine -- Jonas salk
Edison • Penicillin – Alexander Fleming
• Electron -- JJ Thomson • Virus – Ivanovsky
• Proton -- E. Goldstein • Blood Group-- Landsteiner
• Neutron -- James Chadwick • Homeopathy – Hanneman
• Nucleus – Earnest Rutherford • TB Bacteria – Robert Koch
• Hydrogen Bomb – Edward Teller • 5 Kingdom classification –
• Machine Gun – Richard Gatling Whittaker
• Electric motor – Nikola Tesla
• Transformer – Faraday
• Microphone -- Alexander Graham
Bell
• Revolver / Pistol -- Samuel Colt
• Radio -- Marconi
• Fibre Optics – Narinder Kapany
• Safety Razor -- Gillette
• Rubber -- Charles Goodyear
• Steam Engine -- James Watt
• Rail Engine -- Stephenson
• X Ray – Roentgen
• Fountain Pen – Louis Waterman
• Internet -- Vint cerf
• World Wide web –Tim Berns Lee
• E-mail -- Ray Tomlinson
• Television – J L Baird
• Mouse – Douglas Engelbert
• Mobile Phone -- Martin Cooper
• Artificial Intelligence – John
Mccarthy

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Biology – Science of Life

Zoology – Science of Animals
Physics – Study of Physical phenomena
Botany – Science of plants
Anatomy – Internal structure of Human Body
Astronomy -- Study of Celestial bodies
Astrophysics – Methods and principles of physics and chemistry in outer space

or astronomical objects
Geology – Study of Earth’s Interior.
Anthropology: The study of human
Archaeology: The study of past cultures Cardiology -- The

study of the heart.

Cryology: The study of very low temperatures and related phenomena
Cytology: The study of cells
Dendrochronology The study of the age of trees and the records in their rings
Dermatology The study of the skin Ecology The study of the relationships between living

organisms and their environment.

Entomology-- The study of insects.
Exobiology-- The study of life in outer space
Gastrology (gastroenterology): The study of the stomach and intestines.
Geomorphology The study of present-day landforms. Gerontology

The study of old age

Gynecology The study of medicine relating to women. Hepatology The

study of the liver Hematology The study of blood.

Histology The study of living tissues. Ichthyology: The study

of fish
Meteorology: The study of weather. Microbiology: The study of

micro-organisms
Mycology:. The study of fungi
Nephrology: The study of the kidneys
Neurology: The study of nerves. Odontology The study

of the teeth Oncology The study of cancer.

Ophthalmology The study of the eyes.
Ornithology The study of birds.
Osteology The study of bones.
Pathology The study of illness
Petrology: The study of rocks and conditions by which they form.
Phycology: The study of algae.

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Physiology The study of the functions of living organisms Pomology The study of
fruits.
Pulmonology The study of diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract.
Pedology Study of soil Seismology The study
of earthquakes Virology The study of viruses.
Acoustics science of sound.
Biometrics study of biological measurement for security purposes Cartography
science of making maps and globes. Demography study of population.
Ethnology study of races, cultures Herpetology study of
reptiles and amphibians.
Metallurgy study of alloying and treating metal.

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Diaphragm is below the lungs.

Human voice box — Larynx or Adam apple.
Excretory System—

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• Kidney is the main excretory part of • Goitre disease is related to Thyroid

Human. gland.
• Basic unit of Kidney — Nephron. • Thymus gland disappears in old age.
• Kidney purifies blood .. • Male sex hormone — Testosterone.
• Outer part of Kidney- Cortex, inner - • Female sex hormone — Estrogen.
Medulla.
• Urine contains 95% water and 5% Skeletal system—
other waste like Urea.
• Skin — Excretion by sweat glands. Study of bones — Osteology .
Not found in Lips.
• Lungs — Excretion of CO2.. • Specialist of bones and joints —
• Liver — Excretion of Urea through Orthopaedic.
blood. • Bone is the hardest tissue.
• Total bones — 206 • Bones at time of
birth — 270-300.
Nervous System— • Largest bone — Femur ( Thigh).
• Smallest bone — Steppe (Ear).
• Brain — Controls all the activities.. • Tibia, Fibula — foot bone.
• Study of Nervous system— Neurology.
• Brain weight — 1300 gm. • Patella — Knee bone
• Brain has 3 parts. • Bones in human skull —29.
• Forebrain — Cerebrum, Thalamus and • Bones in cranium (forehead) — 8.
Hypothalamus. • Bones in face —14
• Mid Brain — • Bones in ear — 6
• Hind Brain —Cerebellum, Medulla .. • Total ribs —24
• Largest part of the brain — Cerebrum. • Ligament connects — Bone to bone.
• Cerebrum controls — intelligence , • Tendon connects — muscle to bone.
Memory, Speech.
• Thalamus — Heat , Pain , Touch, Muscular system —
emotion.
• Hypothalamus— Love , Hunger, Thirst,
• Muscle helps in locomotion and
Anger, Happiness.
Movement.
• Cerebellum— Muscle control.
• Study of muscles — Myology.
• Medulla Oblongata — Heart beat,
• Total muscles —639.
digestion, sneezing,taste.
• Lactic acid is responsible for muscle
• Spinal Cord — reflex action.
fatigue.
• Largest muscle — Gluteus Maximus
Endocrine system—
(hips) .
• Strongest muscle — Jaw
• Hormone system.
• Hormones help in growth.
• Reproductive system —
• Master Gland — Pituitary gland.
• Male reproductive hormone —
• Pituitary Gland — smallest gland
Testosterone..
found in Brain.
• Male Reproductive egg — Sperm •
• Pancreas is both exocrine and
Female reproductive hormones—
endocrine gland
Estrogen
• Adrenaline is emergency hormone.
• Female egg — Ovum.
• Thyroid gland is largest endocrine
• Sperm and ovum form Zygote.
gland .
• Test tube baby technology— IVF.
• Thyroid releases Thyroxine.

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Human Blood – Blood is a fluid • Life span – 8-9 days. Range between
connective tissue. The quantity of blood 1,50,000 to 4,50,000 per cubic
in human body is 7 to 8% of the weight of millimeter.
adult. • It helps in clotting of blood.
• Functions of Blood – It controls the
• pH value of blood is 7.4 which means temperature of the body.
it is of basic nature. • To establish coordination among
• There is an average of 5-6 liters blood different parts.
in an adult. • Clotting of the blood is known as
• Spleen act as the storage organ of the Coagulation.
blood. • Fibrinogen is the main protein for
• Blood consist of two parts – Plasma making blood clot.
and Corpuscles. • Heparin stops blood clotting .. it is
• Plasma is 60 % contains water. found in liver. • Blood group of
• Transportation of digested food, Human – Discovered by
hormones, excretory product from one Landsteiner in 1900.
place to another is its functions. • Where antigen is absent it will be
• Blood Corpuscles – 40% of the group – O.
blood, divided in RBC, WBC and • Opposite type of protein is called
platelets . antibody found in blood plasma.
• Red Blood Corpuscles – • New • Antigen A and Antibody A can’t live
RBC is formed in the Red bone together, if so happen they will spoil
marrow the blood.
(liver).
• Though ‘O’ is known as universal
• Its life span is 120 days.
donor because it doesn’t contain any
• Its destruction takes place in liver and antigen.
spleen.
• AB is called universal receptor
• Liver is called grave of RBC.
because it doesn’t contain any
• It contains Hemoglobin, haeme is iron
antibody.
due to which color of blood is red,
• The main function of RBC is to carry • Cockroach has white blood due to
oxygen from lungs to all cells of the lack of pigment known as hemolymph.
• Blue blood in octopus, fish.
body and bring back CO₂.
• Anaemia disease caused by the
deficiency of iron in haemoglobin.
Circulatory System –
• In an adult there are 4-5 million RBC
per cubic millimeter, measured by Blood circulation was discovered by William
hemocytometer. Harvey in 1628. Heart, veins, arteries and
• White Blood Cells- Its formation blood are for parts of the circulation.
takes place in bone marrow, lymph
node and sometimes in liver, spleen. ➢ Heart –weighs 300 grams.
• Its life span is 13 days. ➢ Heart of human is made up of four
• Range between 4000-11000 chambers. Two atriums and two
per cubic millimeter. ventricles.
• It protect body from the disease. ➢ The blood vessels carrying the blood
• Blood Platelets- It found only in from the body towards the heart is called
human and mammals. formed in bone vein.
marrow. ➢ In vein there is impure blood i.e. CO₂ in
blood.

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➢ Exception is pulmonary vein which ➢ Known as ‘Kitchen of the cell’.

always carries pure blood. It carries blood ➢ Chloroplast provides green colour to the
from lungs to left atrium. plant during photosynthesis.
➢ Arota is the largest artery found in the
human. It carries oxygenated blood from ➢ Chromoplast – It provides various
heart towards the body. colours to flowers and fruits. Lycopene
➢ Heart beat – Systole and diastole of the gives red colour to tomato.
heart are collectively called heartbeat. ➢ Leucoplast – It is colourless.
➢ Human heart beats for 72 times in a ➢ Vacuole –It stores toxic metabolic waste.
minute, pumps 50-80 ml blood in a single ➢ Nucleus – It controls all the activity of
beat. cells. DNA is found in Mitochondria &
➢ The blood pressure is 120/80 measured chloroplast and nucleus.
by Sphygmomanometer. ➢ Chromosome – It is made up of DNA
➢ Thyroxin and Adrenaline are the and protein. Genes are the careers of the
hormones which controls the heartbeat. genetic information from generation to
Cell -- generation.

Study of cell is called cytology. Cell was first ➢ Number of chromosomes –Human
coined by Robert Hooke in 1665. (46),
➢ DNA (Deoxyribo nucleic acid) –Watson
➢ The biggest cell is Ostrich egg, smallest
and Crick gave the double helical
is Mycoplasma gallisepticum ( Bacteria ).
structure of DNA in 1953. Phosphorous is
➢ Largest Human Cell – Ovum , Longest – an essential constituent.
Nerve cell and smallest cell – Sperm
➢ Mutation – Any change in the base
cells.
sequence within gene is called mutation.
➢ Cells are of two kind –
➢ Genetics – Transmission of character
➢ Prokaryotic Cell – The cell which lacks from one generation to next generation is
nuclear membrane. called heredity.
➢ Eukaryotic cell- These are complete cell ➢ Gregar Johan Mendal is known as father
having nucleus of genetics. He chooses pea plant for
➢ Structure of cell genetics experiment.
➢ Cell Wall – Found only in plant cell.
➢ In Human male sex chromosome is ‘XY’
➢ Cell membrane – Found in Plant and
and female is ‘XX’.
Animals
➢ Mitochondria –It is the respiratory site of ➢ Fertilization is done in test tube in
cellular respiration. It synthesis energy laboratory but further development takes
rich compound ATP. place inside mother womb in test tube
baby.
Also known as the powerhouse of the cell.
➢ Sheep Dolly was the first cloned animal.
➢ Ribosome –Take part in protein
synthesis.
➢ Lysosome –It helps in intracellular
Botany—
digestion. It is known as ‘suicidal bags of
the cell’. ➢ Algae – The study of algae is called
➢ Plastid – Only found in plant cell. It is of Phycology. Algae is used as food, and in
three type making iodine, as a manure, in making
medicines.
➢ Chloroplasts – These are green pigment ➢ Algae is also used as a protein food for
found in green plant involve in astronauts in spacecraft.
photosynthesis.

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➢ Fungi – Study of fungi is called Mycology.

It is without chlorophyll. Fungi may create ➢ Morphology - The study of forms and
serious diseases in plants. features of different parts of the plant like
➢ Lichens are the association of algae and roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits etc. is
fungi. called Morphology.
➢ Lichens are the first organism which ➢ Gymnosperm (Naked seed), Angiosperm
colonize on bare rock. (covered seed).
➢ Plant from which cocoa and chocolate is
➢ Virus - Study of virus is called virology. obtained is a shrub.
Virus was discovered by Russian scientist ➢ Banana is a shrub.
Ivanovsky (1892) during the tests of ➢ From the bark of cinchona, a drug quinine
mosaic disease in tobacco. is obtained which is used in malaria fever.
➢ It has characters of both living and non-
living. They become active inside a living ➢ Root – Root generally grows in the soil
cells or host cell. away from the light.
➢ Stem – Potato, Saffron, Onion, Garlic,
➢ Bacteria – Discovered by Von Turmeric, Ginger are some underground
Leeuwenhook in 1683. Ehrenberg named stem plants.
it Bacteria. ➢ Leaf – It is green. Its main function is
➢ There are two types of bacteria, one is synthesis of food through photosynthesis.
harmful and the other is useful. Some Food factory of Plant.
cause disease like Typhoid, TB, Cholera Leaves are the lungs of the plant.
but bacteria like lactobacillus is used to
obtain curd from milk.
➢ In leather industry separation of hair and ➢ Flower – Flower is the reproductive part
fat from leather is done by bacteria. of a plant .Transfer of pollen grains to
➢ Penicillin is also obtained from bacteria stigma is called pollination
and Fungus ➢ Male part of flower is stamen whereas
.. female is called pistil.
➢ Pasteurization of milk was done by Louis ➢ Node is the part of stem where leaf arises.
Pasteur by boiling milk at around 70°C, ➢ Fruit – Fruit is a ripened ovary developed
the milk can be preserved for some days. after fertilization.
➢ Honey has high concentration of sugar ➢ The medicinal plant used in the
does not decay because bacteria can’t preparation of skin care is aloe Vera.
survive in a solution in which water is Seed of neem has pesticide property and
drawn out . mosquito repeler.
➢ Fermentation – The slow decomposition ➢ The alkaloid naturally found in Coffee,
of organic matter into simpler substances Cocoa and Cola nut is Caffeine.
in the presence of enzymes, is known as
fermentation. Fermentation discovered by ➢ Xylem – It help in the transportation of
Louis Pasteur. water and minerals from soil to the stem
➢ It is used to get alcoholic beverages from and leaves. It provides mechanical
grape juice in the presence of yeast. strength to the plant.

➢ Phloem – It conducts soluble organic

➢ Among Fungi, Virus, Protozoa, Bacteria, compound from leaves to different part of
only bacteria has phototropic nutrition. plant. This kind of transport process is
known as translocation. It is the innermost
layer of the bark.

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➢ Cobra is the only snake that makes nest.

➢ Transpiration – It is a process of loss of It emits its venom through fangs.
water aerial part of plant in the form of ➢ Aves- Warm blooded tetrapod vertebrates
water vapor. with flight adaptation. Its forefeet modified
➢ It keeps the plant and its surrounding into wings to fly. Respiratory organ is
cool. lungs.
➢ Birds have no teeth, Beak help in feeding.
➢ Photosynthesis – It is a process in which ➢ Flightless birds- Kiwi and Emus.
green plant synthesis their food like ➢ Largest bird alive – Ostrich, smallest is
glucose from carbondioxide and water in Humming bird .
the presence of sunlight with the help of ➢ Mammalia – Sweet glands and oil glands
chlorophyll. are found on skin.
➢ Terrestrial plants take CO₂ from the ➢ Warm blooded, breath through lungs.
atmosphere and aquatic plants use CO₂ ➢ External ears, heart divided into four
dissolve in water. chambers.
➢ Water necessary for photosynthesis is Skin have hair.
absorbed by the roots. ➢ Echidna lays eggs .
➢ Oxygen produced during photosynthesis ➢ Smallest man like ape is Orangutam.
is due to photolysis of water. ➢ In mammal Goat has highest body
➢ The green color is due to chlorophyll. temperature
➢ Photosynthesis convert light energy into (39°C).
chemical energy.
➢ The photosynthesis is maximum in red ➢ Animal Tissue - Ligament, cartilage,
light and minimum in violet light. Green bone , blood are connective tissue.
light is least effective. ➢ Ligaments connect bone to bone, Tendon
attach a muscles to bone.
➢ Nitrogen Fixation – It is a process in ➢ Largest muscle of the human body is
which free atmospheric nitrogen is ‘Gluteus Maximus’ (hip muscle).
converted by living organism (Rhizobium) ➢ The smallest muscle of the human body is
into nitrogenous compound that can be
Stapedius (ear).
used by the plant.
➢ Strongest muscle is found in jaw.
Zoology ➢ Muscle contains contractile protein .
➢ Nervous Tissue- Also called sensory
➢ Pisces – Aquatic life. All are cold blooded tissue.
animals. Respiration takes place through ➢ It controls all the voluntary and in
gills. Fishes etc. voluntary activities of the body.
➢ Amphibia – Found both on land and
water. Diseases —
Respiration through gills, skin, and lungs.
Heart has three chambers (two in
• Communicable Disease —
Pisces). Frog, Necturus, salamandar etc.
• Disease which spread through Virus,
➢ Reptilia – Crawling animals, Land
bacteria, air, water, fungus etc..
vertebrates, two pair of limbs, skeleton is
• important communicable diseases —
completely flexible, respiration through
• TB, Typhoid, Cholera, Dengue,
lungs. Eggs are covered with CaCO₃ Malaria, Flu, Chicken pox, Polio,
shell.e.g- Lizard, snake , tortoise, Rabies etc.
crocodile etc.

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• Non- Communicable disease— Virus Disease –

• Disease which happens due to Virus –
deficiency of minerals or malfunction • Discovered by Ivanovsky in 1891.
of any body part .
• Becomes active after entering the host body.
• Examples — Cancer , Diabetes,
Dengue
Blindness,
Rickets, Beri Beri , clotting. • Female Aedes mosquito.
• Aedes bites in day time .
• Genetic disease — • Also known as break bone fever.
• Which comes from parents to children • Affects whole body . Small Pox
— • One of the earliest viral disease.
• Examples— Color blindness,
• Affects skin .
Diabetes, Haemophilia, Down
syndrome. • Edward Jenner invented small pox vaccine .
• The disease is no more exist today. Chicken
Pox
Human organs affected by Diseases • Affects skin.
• Caused by Variola virus. Rabies
Liver Jaundice, Hepatitis, Cirrhosis • Infection by a dog bite .
Heart Hypertension, Stroke • Also known as hydrophobia because of
Neck Goitre, Thyroid, water fear.
Blood Anemia, Hemophilia, Leukemia
• Louis Pasteur invented Rabies vaccine.
Brain Meningitis, Mgraine, Alzheimer
Intestine Cholera, Typhoid, Diarrhea • Affects entire nervous system. Polio
Eyes Glaucoma, Cataract, Xeropthalmia • Caused by Polio virus .
Skin Eczema, Mumps,Herps, Measles • Affects Entire nervous system.
Lungs Tuberculosis, Asthama, Bronchitis • Jonas Salk invented OPV vaccine .
Influenza Generally Flu.
AIDS
Fungus Disease — • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome .
Asthama , Athelete Foot and Ring Worm . • Caused by HIV ( Human immunodeficiency
virus ).
• Affects immune system ( WBC) .
Protozoa Disease — • Test of AIDS -- ELISA Measles
• Malaria caused by female anophelese
• Affects skin.
mosquito .
• Mosquito has plasmodium parasite . • Caused by Rubella virus. Hepatitis or
• Malaria parasite was dicovred by Ronald Jaundice
Ross . • Affects Liver..
• Anti Malaria medicine is obtain from • Skin and Eyes become yellow.
Cinchona tree known as Quinine ..
• Jaundice is a water borne disease. Herps --
• Sleeping sickness is by tse tse fly.
• Kala azar – sand fly Affects skin Chickenguniya --By
• Elephantiasis -- mosquito Mosquitoes.
• Diarrhoea Swine Flu --H1N1 Flu
• Pyorrhoea – bleeding teeth .. Covid -19 --Corona Virus
Bird Flu --H5N1 virus
Other disease – Ebola, Zika Virus , Common
Cold Meaningitis –Affects brain.

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• Leukaemia is blood cancer.

• Haemophilia is genetic blood disease.
Bacteria Disease -- • Japanese Encephalitis is a Virus disease
Typhoid by Pigs.
• Affects Intestine.. • Deficiency of insulin causes— Diabetes.
• Water and food borne disease..
Important points —
• Salmonella Typhii is the causing bacteria ..
Cholera
• External ear known as — Pinna.
• Water borne disease .
• Interior part of tongue sensitive to
• Affects intestine .. Tuberculosis sweet test.
• Also known as TB. • Back part of tongue — Bitter.
• TB bacteria was discovered by Robert Koch. • Sides of the tongue — Salty and sour.
• Affects Lungs.
• Air borne disease. • Vaccine – BCG
Pneumonia
• Affects Lungs. Nutrition --
Vitamins—
Plague.
• Affects armpits. Trachoma . • Regulates metabolism rate in human
• Affects Eyes. Anthrax . body..
• Discovered by Funk.
• In Cattles.
• Water soluble vitamins — B and C.
Leprosy
• Fat soluble— A, D, E, K
• Also known as Hensen disease.
• Affects Nerves, skin. Diphtheria Vitamin A -is also known as Retinol.
• Affects Throat .. • Vitamin A is essential for eyes.
• DPT vaccine. • A is responsible for immunity.
Whooping Cough • Golden Rice is the source of Vitamin
• Generally affects children. A.
• Carrot is the best source of vitamin A.
• Respiratory disease .. Tetanus
• Disease due to deficiency of Vitamin A
• Lockjaw disease. — Night Blindness, Xerophthalmia.
• Affects nervous system.
• ATS vaccine. Dysentary Vitamin B — •
• Affects intestine. Also known as
Gonorrhea and Syphilis -- Bacterial Disease of Thymine.
male and female reproductive parts. • Disease due to deficiency— Beri Beri.
• Vitamin B12 contains Cobalt.
• Polished rice causes Beri Beri.
• Chemotherapy is related to Cancer.
• Vitamin C —
• Excessive growth of cells — Cancer.
• Known as Ascorbic acid.
• Penicillin was first antibiotic, in 1929 by
Alexander Fleming. • Vitamin not found in human body.
• Ronald Ross discovered Malaria parasite. • Responsible for healing of wounds.
• Malaria affects both blood and brain . • Vitamin found in urine.
• Golden hour is related to heart attack. • Found in citric fruits.
• Cobalt-60 is used in Radiotherapy, cancer • Removed after washing and chopping
treatment. vegetables.

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• Best source— Amla. • Fat is stored by liver in form of

• Deficiency disease by Vitamin C — glycogen..
Scurvy ( bleeding of gums) • Camel stores fat in its hump.
• Fat acts as emergency nutrient..
Vitamin D — • Best sources — Ghee, Oil, almonds ..
• Readily manufactured in human body.
• Also works as a hormone. Minerals found in Human
• Responsible for Bones and joints body— • Known as
strength. micronutrients.
• Best source— Cod liver oil and • Calcium and Phosphorus make our
sunlight. teeth and bones..
• Calcium is found in Vitamin D. • Iron ( haemoglobin ) provides red
• Disease— Rickets ( twisting of colour to blood , deficiency of Iron
bones ) , bones and joints weakness.. causes — Anemia.
• Fluorine causes tooth decay.
Vitamin E— • Deficiency of Iodine — Goitre disease
• Disease — Infertility. in throat.
Important points —
• Water in Human body — 65%
• Animal can digest plants cellulose but
Vitamin K — not human. • Complete food —
• Responsible for blood clotting.. Soybean..
• Best sources — green vegetables..

• Proteins—
• Responsible for body growth and Name of the Young Ones of
Repairs muscles. Animals
• Protein in our body —16%.
• Discovered by Berzelius..
• Best sources of Protein are —
Soybean, Ground nut, egg, meat,
pulses, fish.
• Deficiency diseases— Kwashiorkor
and Marasmus.
• Keratin protein is present in — Hair,
nail, horn.
• Antibodies are proteins.

Carbohydrates—
• Provides energy to human body.
• Carbohydrates are the most essential
nutrients of human body.
• Best sources of Carbohydrates—
Rice, Wheat,

Fats —
• Also known as double carbohydrates
means gives double energy..

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HABITAT • Exp- Cow, goats, giraffes and deer

are some herbivores.
• An area in which a particular animal
• Carnivores- Animals that eat flesh of
naturally lives, eats, grows and
other animals are called carnivores
reproduces is called its Habitat.
or carnivorous animals.
• The main habitats for animals are
• Exp-Lion, Tigers and wolves are
forest deserts, polar regions and high
some carnivores. Some flesh-eating
mountains, oceans and freshwater
birds like eagles, kites and vultures
bodies like lakes and rivers.
• Omnivores-Animals that eat both
• Forest- Lions and tigers live in caves
plants and flesh of other animals are
or dens, birds and monkeys on trees,
called omnivores or
snakes in holes and rabbits in
• Human Beings, Bears, Dog, Cat and
burrows.
crows are some omnivores.
• Deserts- Camel stores fat in the
humps and uses it as food when Natural Resources
needed. It can live without food and
• The resources that we get from the nature
water for a long time. (Camel is also
are called natural resources.
known as Ship of Dessert)
• Natural resources are classified into two
• Polar Regions and High Mountains-
GroupsRenewable Resources and Non-
Polar bears, seals and penguins are
Renewable
found in these regions. Resources
• Oceans- Oceans are the largest
• Renewable resources: - The resources
habitat on the earth. Blue whale,
which either never get within a reasonable
octopus, shark, etc. are found here.
time period are called renewable
• Freshwater-Fishes, frogs and
resources.
salamanders live in fresh water.
• Sunlight, water, wind and forests are
some examples of renewable resources.
• Non- Renewable resources: - The
resources which cannot be replaced
FEEDING HABITS
within a reasonable time period, if used
• Different animals have different up, are called non-renewable resources.
feeding habits. Some animals eat • These are limited and will be exhausted
plants and some eat flesh of other on day due to their extensive use. Coal,
animals. On the basis of their feeding Petroleum, top fertile soil and minerals are
habits, we can divide them into three some examples of nonrenewable
types: - • Herbivores, resources.
Carnivores or Omnivores. • Fossil Fuel – Fuel made of dead
• Herbivores- Animal that eat only organism over a long period of time .
plants are called herbivores or • Examples – Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas
herbivorous animals. .

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Motion
PHYSICS • Distance – Total length covered . Unit
– meter.
• Speed – Distance / time - km/h

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• Displacement – Minimum distance • Vehicles are provided with shock

between initial and final point. absorber.
• Velocity – The rate of change of Centripetal force
displacement • The force acting towards the center in
. Unit – m/s a circular motion.
• Acceleration – The rate of change of • Cyclist bends his body towards the
velocity. Unit- m/s² centre on aturn while turning to obtain
• Decrease in acceleration is called required centripetal force.
retardation. • Roads are bent at turns.
Centrifugal force
Newton’s laws of Motion • The force acting away from the
• First law of Motion – Every object center.
continue in its state of rest or motion if • Centrifugal force is zero at poles and
no net force is applied. maximum at equator.
• First law gives the definition of Inertia. • Washing machine, Cream separator.
• Examples – A person sitting in a • Hammer throw .
moving vehicle falls forward when it
stops.
• A person getting down from a moving
bus has to run some distance in
direction of bus.
• Dust particles coming out of blanket
when it is beaten with a stick
Newton’s Second law of Motion
• The force applied on a body is equal
to the product of mass of the body and
the acceleration produced in it. F= ma Work, Energy and Power
• Work – Whenever a force acting on a
• Second law gives the
body displaces it,work is said to be
definition of force .
done.
• SI unit of Force is Newton .
• Work = Force ×Distance
• A fielder takes his hand backward
( Newton .meter)
while catching a ball.
• Unit – Joule
Newton’s Third law of Motion • Power – Rate of doing work by a
• Every action has equal and opposite body . Work
reaction /time
• In a rocket the gases are ejected • Unit = watt.
from backwards and it is pushed • 1 horse power = 746 watt.
forward.
Energy
• On firing bullet, the gunner is pushed • Capacity of doing work. Unit – joule.
backward.
• Potential Energy- Energy possessed
• When boatman is jumped from the by a body virtue of its position.
boat the boat is pushed back.
• P.E - mgh
• A person pushes the water backward
• Water stored in a dam has potential
while swimming , the water pushes energy.
the swimmer forward. • Stretched bow and spring.
• Impulse – When a force act on a • Mechanical Energy – Energy due to
body for a very short time. body’s motion .

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• K.E - ½ mv²
• Kinetic energy of wind is used to run
wind mills.
• Moving aero plane possesses both
P.E and K.E.
Gravitational Force
• Sir Isaac Newton gave the definition of
universal attractive force –
Gravitational force.

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•
Gravity – the force by which earth attracts a • Wearing high heels feels more tired.
body towards center.
• Acceleration due gravity – g ( 9.8 m/s²)
• Earth’s atmosphere is possible due to gravity. Atmospheric Pressure
• Value of g on moon – 1.6 m/s² • The pressure exerted by atmosphere (gases).
• Value of g is more at poles than equator. • It is measured by Barometer. 1 bar =76 cm.
Maximum on earth’s surface. • Atmospheric pressure decreases with
increase in altitude.
• It is difficult to cook on mountains. Fountain
pen leaks in airplanes.
• The slow rise in barometer indicates – clear
Gravitational Force
weather.
• Mass of body remain constant at all place.
• Sudden fall –Indicates storm .
• Weight of a body changes from place to
• Slow fall indicates rain.
place due to gravity.
Buoyant Force
• When a lift is still or moving uniformly – No
• The upward force exerted by a fluid on the
change in weight
immersed body.
• It lift goes up with acceleration – Weight
• Archimedes’ Principle – When a solid body is
increases.
• If lift goes down with acceleration – weight immersed wholly or partially in a liquid then
loss. there is a weight loss in the body.
• If a lift is broken or free fall – Zero weight . • Floatation – when density of any object is
• Escape Velocity- Minimum velocity needed to equal or lower than that of water it floats on
escape Earth’s gravitational field. – 11.2 km/s water.
• Escape velocity on moon – 2.38 km/s
Satellite
• Polar satellite– height – 800 km. TYPES OF WAVES
• Time taken to revolve around the earth – 88 • MECHNICAL WAVES – which require material
minutes. medium.
• Use- weather forecasting , mapping etc. • There are two types of Mechanical waves-
• PSLV – Polar satellite launching vehicle. • • 1. Transverse 2 Longitudinal waves •
Geo-stationary – Time taken – 24 Sound waves are Longitudinal waves.
hours. • Transverse waves – Light waves, earthquake
• Height – 36000 km. waves etc,
• Use – Television signals and mobile • ELECTROMAGNATIC WAVES- X rays,
telephony. gamma rays, infra red, UV rays, radio waves
• GSLV -- Geosynchronous satellite launching etc.
vehicle . Sound
• Infrasonic – less than 20 Hz. Eg- Volcano,
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER landslide, meteroites, earthquake, ocean
wave. Whale, Elephants can hear.
Pressure • Sonic waves – 20-20000 Hz – audible waves.
• Force acting on a unit area. Unit – Pascal • Ultrasonic – greater than 20000 Hz . Monkey,
(N/m²). bat, dog, cat, mosquito can hear these waves.
• Liquids exerts pressure in all directions. Bat can produce ultrasonic waves.
• Force on larger area reduces pressure. • Uses of Ultrasonic waves- SONAR,
• School bags have broad straps. Sonography.
• Tip of the niddle is sharp. • SI unit of Frequency – Hertz (Hz)

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•
Intensity of sound • Convection – Particles moves when heat
• Normal conversation – 30-40 db transmits. Happens in liquids and gases.
• Loud music – more than 80 db • More than 80 • Atmosphere of earth gets warm due to
db is called noise. convection.
• Jet – 150 db • Radiation – It doesn’t need any medium .
Leaves of trees – 10-20 db Earth’s surface gets hot by sun light.
• According to WHO 45 db is suitable for human
and more than 75 db is dangerous.
Speed of sound in different medium LIGHT
• Air – 330 m/s (0 C) Reflection of Light
• Air - 344 m/s at room temperature. ( 27 C)
• Water – 1483 m/s
• Steel – 5100 m/s
• Hydrogen – 1280 m/s
• Carbon dioxide – 260 m/s
• Echo – repetition of sound due to reflection of
sound .
• Ultrasonic sound waves – 50000 Hz.
• Doppler effect – used by police to detect over
speeding also to guide aircrafts. Concave mirror – form Real and inverted image.
• Water vapours in air increases the speed of Used as shaving mirrors. Headlight of vehicles.
sound. Convex mirror – Virtual and erect image. Used as
Heat side mirrors in vehicles.
• Unit – Joule and calorie.
• 1 cal- 4.18 joule. Refraction of Light
• Temperature - SI unit – Kelvin . • Twinkling of stars.
• Centigrade , Fahrenheit, Reaumer are some • River appears shallow, • coin in a
other scales. glass appears raised.
• Fahrenheit and celcius are same at -40° • Duration of day appears to be increased by 4
minutes.
Scattering of Light
• Blue color of sky.
Heat • Clouds appears white.
• thermometer contains mercury. But at very • Danger signs are indicated by red color
cold places it may contains alcohol. because it scatters least.
• Pyrometer measures high temperature . More • The brilliant red color of rising and setting sun.
than 800 C. Dispersion of Light
• Absolute Zero - -273 C or 0K. • When light split into seven colors.
• Specific Heat – Heat needed to increase the • VIBGYOR
temperature of a substance by 1°C. • Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange
• Normal temperature of Human body 37°C or and Red.
98.4 F. • Highest intensity – Red
• Humidity is measured by Hygrometer. • Lowest – Violet.
Transmission of Heat • Red +Green+ Blue = White
• Conduction – Heat transmit without actual • Red, Green and Blue are called primary
movement of particles. colors.
• Conduction transmit heat in solids. Total Internal Reflection
Examples –

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•
• Mirage Chemical Effect of Current –
• Optical fibres • Primary Cells- Non rechargeable battery. Dry
• Sparkling of Diamond. cell.
• Endoscope. • Graphite (carbon) rod is used as electrode and
Human Eye Ammonium chloride as electrolyte.
• Range of vision – 25 cm. • Secondary cell – Lead battery, rechargeable,
• Real image is formed on retina. car, mobile battery.
• Cornea is taken when eyes are donated. • Lead is electrode and H2So4 (Sulphuric Acid)
Myopio- Short sightedness , cannot see is electrolyte.
distant objects. Concave lens is used. • Solar cell or photovoltaic cell consists of
• Hypermetropia- Long sightedness, can’t seen Silicon.
near objects. Convex. Heating Effect of Current –
• Presbiopia- Old aged problem, bifocal lens. • Bulb – Invented by Edison. Argon gas is filled.
• Cataract – A membrane developed on eyes, Filament is made up of Tungston.
surgery needed. • Tubelight (CFL) Flourscent tube – Neon gas is
• Astigmatism – Irregular movement of filled.
eyeballs, Cynderical lens. • Heater and Iron Press – Nichrome wires are
More facts about light – used.
• Air bubble in water behaves as concave lens. • Mica is used to make electric resistance
• Simple microscope (magnifier) consists of a sockets.
convex lens Magnets–
• Compound microscope consists of two • Magnets are made up of Iron , Cobalt and
convex lens. Nickel.
• Unit of power of lens – diopter. • Similar poles repel, opposite attract.
Electricity – • Our earth behaves like a strong magnet .
• Charge – Loss or gain of electrons is called • A bar magnet always aligns itself in
charge. NorthSouth in freely suspended.
• Benjamin Franklin gave the Charge +ve and –
SI Units –
ve sign.
• Conductors – Allow heat and electricity. Metal
Mass Kg
are conductor. Graphite is a non metal
conductor. Length Meter
• Insulator – Doesn’t allow electricity. Wood,
Rubber, Distilled water Force Newton
• Semiconductor – Silicon , Germanium •
Electric current – Ampere and Ammeter. Time Second
• Electric Potential – Unit – Volt and measured
by voltmeter. Work, Energy, heat Joule
• Resistance – Ability to oppose current . Unit
Ohm. Frequency Hertz
• Galvanometer – To detect low intensity
current. Pressure Pascal
• Electric fuse – made of Tin + lead alloy
( sholder). Power Watt
• Transformer – High Ac to low AC and Low AC
to High AC Charge Coulomb

Current Ampere

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•
Potential difference Volt

Resistance Ohm

Temperature Kelvin

Intensity of Sound Decible

Depth of Sea Fathom

Power of Lens Diopter

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➢ Mixtures – A material obtained by mixing two or

CHEMISTRY more substances. EG- Milk, Air, Petrol, Paint,
Glass, Cement, Wood, Sea water etc. Two types of
Father of Modern Chemistry – Lavoisier (France) mixtures

➢ Matter – Anything that occupies space, possesses

mass and can be felt by anyone is called Matter. Methods of separation of mixtures –
➢ Solid, Liquid, gas and plasma are types of matter.
➢ Plasma can occur when matter is heated to a very
high temperature. ➢ Sublimation – Conversion of a solid into vapours
➢ The presence of plasma makes CFL tube glow. without passing through the liquid state ,eg-
➢ Pure substances can’t be separated into other Sublimes of Naphthalene balls, Iodine, Camphor,
kinds of matter. There are two kind of pure Ammonium chloride etc.
substance.
➢ Hoar Frost – Direct conversion of vapour into
➢ Element – The simplest form of a pure substance, solid.
which can’t be broken any further. Example- Gold,
Silver, Hydrogen etc.
➢ Filtration – When impurities are removed through
➢ It can be classified into three – Metals, Non-metals a filter paper. eg- tea from tea leaves, removing
and metalloids. solid particles from engine oil.
➢ Metals- Metals are solids (except- Mercury). They
have lustre, high melting point and boiling point ➢ Evaporation – Conversion of liquid into
and good conductor of heat and electricity. vapours.eg- Preparation of common salt from sea
Examples- Gold, Silver, Aluminium, Zinc etc. water, water kept in earthen pots during summer
to become cool etc.
➢ Non-Metals – They have opposite properties to
those of metals. (Exception- Iodine is lustre, ➢ Sedimentation – When one component is liquid
graphite is a good conductor). and other is an insoluble solid, when sand is
➢ Examples – Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen mixed with water it settles at the bottom. The
etc. process is called sedimentation.
➢ Metalloids – Elements which have common
properties of both metals and non- metals. ➢ Melting Point – The temperature at which solid
Examples- Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth etc. becomes liquid. M.P of ice is 0⁰C but when salt is
added to it becomes -15⁰C, means impurities
➢ Most abundant element in earth crust – Oxygen change melting point.
(46.6 %), Silicon (27.7%). ➢ Boiling Point – The temperature at which liquid
➢ Most abundant elements in human body – Oxygen changes to vapour state.
(65%), Carbon (18%). ➢ It decreases with decrease in atmospheric
pressure.
➢ Compounds – Pure substance which composed ➢ Impurities increase boiling point.
of two or more elements. Example- Water, sugar, ➢ Freezing point – At which liquid changes into
salt, chloroform, alcohol etc. solid by giving heat energy. F.P of water 0⁰C.
➢ Organic Compounds- They obtained from living
sources. EG- Carbohydrates, fat, proteins, oils etc. ➢ Condensation – Conversion from gas or vapour
➢ Inorganic Compounds– They obtained from non- to liquid state. On cooling gas particles kinetic
living sources. EG- Marble, washing soda, energy and came close to one another and
common salt. liquified.

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Atom - It is the smallest particle of an atom. The atom

of Hydrogen is the smallest and lightest.
Acid, Base and Salt –
➢ Electron – Discovered by JJ Thomson/ Name
given by Stoney/ -ve charge/ Obtained from ➢ Acid – An acid is a substance which is sour in
Cathode rays experiment. taste, turns blue litmus paper in red.
➢ Proton – Discovered by Euger Goldstein/ Named ➢ Uses of acid – As food –
by Rutherford/ +ve charge/ Anode rays. ➢ 1. Citric Acid – Lemons or oranges
➢ Neutron – By James Chadwick/ Neutral or Zero ➢ 2. Lactic Acid – Sour milk
charge/ Obtained from radioactivity. ➢ 3. Tartaric Acid – Grapes
➢ Atomic Number (Z) – The number of proton or ➢ 4. Acetic acid – Vinegar
electron in an atom of an element. ➢ 5. Maleic acid – Apples
➢ Mass Number (A) – The sum of proton and ➢ 7. Oxalic acid - Tomat
neutron in an atom. ➢ 8. Carbonic acid – Soda water

➢ Isotopes - These are the elements having same ➢ Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used in digestion, as
atomic number but different mass number. bathroom cleaner, dying etc.
➢ Nitric Acid (HNO₃) is used in the purification of
➢ Isotopes of Carbon are C-12,C-13,C-14, gold and silver/ making fertilizers/ explosive like
Hydrogen H-1(Protium),H-2(Deuterium), H-3 TNT (Trinitro Toluene)/ found in rain water.
(Tritium). ➢ Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) is used in acid lead
Tritium is radioactive. batteries as electrolyte/ manufacturing HCl.
➢ Boric acid is a constituent of eye wash/ also used
➢ No. of Neutrons are different in isotopes. as an antiseptic.
➢ Isobars – Same mass number but different atomic
number. Ar-18, K-19, Ca-20. ➢ Oxalic acid is used to remove rust spot.
➢ When red ant bites little pain caused due to the
➢ Photoelectric Effect- When radiations with presence of Formic acid.
certain minimum frequency strike the surface of a ➢ Bee sting – Methanoic Acid
metal. The electrons are ejected from the surface ➢ Citric and Acetic acids are used as flavouring
of the metal. agent and food preservatives.
➢ Periodic Table – Arrangement of the known
elements in group. At present 118 elements are ➢ Acids are always stored in glass container not in
known to us of which 98 occur naturally. Father of metal container because they can react with
periodic table – Mendeleev. metal container.
➢ Bromine is a non-metal which is liquid at room ➢ Antacids are used as a remedy for acidity.eg- milk
temperature. of magnesia(Mg(OH)₂, Baking soda.
➢ Mercury is the only liquid metal.
Bases – A base is a substance which is bitter in taste/
➢ Gallium (29.8⁰C), Caesium turns red litmus paper into blue. Oxides and
(28.5⁰C) and hydroxides of metals are bases.
Francium(27⁰C) are the metals having low M.P.
➢ Carbon has the highest M.P. (4100⁰C) among ➢ Water soluble bases are called alkalis eg- KOH,
nonmetals. NaOH etc.
➢ Highest density – Osmium (22.59 g/cm³), Lightest ➢ pH scale – if pH ˂ 7 then solution is acidic / if pH
Metal – Lithium . ˃ 7 then solution is basic
➢ Least Conductor among metals – Lead (Pb) ➢ ➢ pH values of some common liquids – Lemon juice
Heaviest naturally occurring Element – Uranium. (2.5), Vinegar (3.0), Milk (6.5), Blood- (7.4), Pure

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water (7.0), Sea water (8.5), Milk of Magnesia

(10.5). Non-metals – 24 known non-metals,11 are gases, 12
Salt – When acid reacts with base salt and water are are solid and 1 liquid (Bromine).
formed.
➢ They are bad conductor of heat and electricity .
➢ Some important salts – 1. Sodium Chloride ➢ Graphite is a conductor non metal .
(NaCl)- Common salt. ➢ Hydrogen is the lightest non -metal.
➢ Sodium Carbonate (Na₂Co₃) – As washing
soda, manufacturing of glass. ➢ Ozone (O₃) – It reduces UV rays. Also used as a
➢ Potassium Nitrate (KNO₃) – In Fertilizers, in gun disinfectant and germicide.
powder, in match sticks. ➢ Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas react
with haemoglobin in blood causes death.
➢ Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)- Also known as
lime stone used in construction of building, ➢ Dry ice (Solid CO₂) is used in refrigerators.
cement ➢ Phosphorous is present in DNA and bones. It is
industry essential constituent of nucleic acid.
➢ Chalk Powder is Calcium carbonate.
➢ Inert Gases (Noble gases) – Helium, neon,
➢ Calcium Sulphate (2CaSO₄.H₂O)- Also known Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Redon (Heaviest gas).
as Plaster of Paris, used for moulds and statues ➢ Redon is not present in the atmosphere, Helium
➢ Bleaching Powder – As a disinfectant, as a used in balloons, weather indicator.
bleaching agent (removing colours).
➢ Alum (Potassium aluminium sulphate) – In ➢ Carbon lead is used to make artificial parts of
purification of water, as antiseptic after shave. body and lead arsenic to make bullets.

Metals --

➢ Metals are solid , Conductor of heat and Some Metal and Non Metals and their uses –
Electricity, metals are Lustrous , Sonorous ,
➢ Galvanisation – Coating Zinc on Iron to make it
Ductile and Mallable and Reactive .
rust free.
➢ Best Conductor – Silver.
➢ Electroplating – Iron and Chromium are
➢ Best Ductile and Mallable metal – Gold ➢ Most
electroplated .
Reactive metal – Potassium ➢ Least Reactive
metal – Gold . ➢ Sodium burns with water so kept in Kerosene oil.
➢ Sodium can be cut by a Knife .
➢ Important metals and their ores –
➢ 1. Sodium - Borax, Common salt, ➢ Iodine – as antiseptic, making tincture of iodine.
➢ 2. Aluminium – Bauxite, ➢ Ammonia (NH₃) –making artificial silk, making
➢ 3. Lead – Galena explosive, Refridgeration.
➢ 4. Iron – Haematite, Magnetite, ➢ Sulphur – Vulcanisation of rubber, gun powder,
➢ 5. Uranium –Pitch blende medicine.

➢ Alloys and their use – Brass (Copper+Zinc) – ➢ Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) – Laughing gas, Surgery ➢
making utensils Diamond – glass cutting, rock drilling.
➢ Bronze (Copper+Tin)- coins,bells.
➢ German Silver (Cu+Zn+Ni) – utensils ➢ ➢ Carbon dioxide – Fire extinguisher, soda water
Stainless steel (Fe+Cr+Ni+C) – surgical cutlery. ➢ Mercuric oxide – Ointment, poison
➢ Steel is made by adding Chromium in Iron . ➢ Sodium bicarbonate or Baking soda (NaHCO₃)-
➢ Sholder is made from Lead and Tin .

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Bakery, fire extinguisher.

➢ Age of fossils is determined by Carbon -14
radioactive element.
➢ Liquid Hydrogen – Rocket fuel ➢ To avoid melting of ice gelatine is used.
➢ Heavy water (D₂O) – Nuclear reactor, batteries.
➢ Sodium Carbonate (washing soda- Na₂CO₃)-, ➢ Methyl isocyanate was realised during Bhopal
removal of permanent hardness of water. gas tragedy in 1984.
➢ Quick lime (CaO) ➢ Urea contains 46% nitrogen.
➢ Slaked lime [Ca(OH)₂] ➢ Artificial perfumes are prepared from Ethyl
acetate.

Some More Facts – Rusting of iron is a chemical ➢ Urea was the first organic compound synthesis in
change which increases the weight of iron the laboratory.
➢ Ferric chloride is used to stop bleeding.
➢ Nichrome wire is used in electrical heater.
➢ Silicon and Caesium are used in solar cells.
➢ Silicon is used in Solar Cells.
➢ Galium and Mercury are liquid at room
➢ Yellow phosphorous is kept in water.
temperature. ➢ Palladium metal is used in
➢ When cream is separated from milk fat and
aeroplanes.
density increases and water decreases.
➢ Cadmium rod is used in nuclear reactor to slow
➢ For artificial respiration mixture of oxygen and
down the speed of neutron.
helium gas cylinder is used.
➢ Sodium peroxide is used in submarines and to
➢ Xenon is also called stranger gas. ➢ Methane is
purify closed air in hospitals.
➢ Onion and Garlic have odour due to potassium. known as Marsh Gas. Man-made substances
➢ Lithium is the lightest . —
➢ Osmium is the heaviest metal and Platinum is
the hardest. ➢ Fertilizers – It must be soluble in water
➢ Silver iodide is used in artificial rain. ➢ Nitrogenous Fertilizers- Plants need nitrogen
➢ Silver Nitrate is used as marker during elections. for rapid growth. Examples- Ammonium sulphate,
calcium cyanamide, ammonium nitrate, urea etc.
➢ Copper is mixed to the gold to harden it, pure ➢ Potash Fertilizers -Potassium gives structural
gold is 24 carat but elastic. length to the plants.eg- Potassium chloride,
➢ In tube light there is the vapour of mercury and potassium sulphate, potassium nitrate etc.
argon. ➢ NPK Fertilizers – Fertilizers contain nitrogen,
phosphorous, potassium.
➢ Wrought iron is the purest form of iron.
➢ Gold, Platinum, Silver and mercury are noble ➢ Cement- A complex material containing silicates
metals. of calcium and aluminium.
➢ In 1824, it was discovered by Joseph Aspdin. It is
➢ Anaemia is caused due deficiency of iron and also known as Portland cement because of its
Siderosis due to excess amount of Iron. hardness like Portland rock.
➢ A paste of sand, water and cement called mortar
➢ Some Common Facts -Krypton is used in is used for joining bricks and plastering walls.
airport landing lights and light houses. ➢ Concrete with steel wire called reinforced
concrete.
➢ Neon in tubes to glow light. ➢ Lime (CaO) Silica Alumina etc are the constituent
➢ Dynamite was discovered by Alfred Noble in of cement.
1863.

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➢ Glass – Supercooled liquid is called glass. SiO₂ ➢ Polyester – Obtained from coal and petroleum.
is the main constituent. ➢ It is blended with cotton to form polycot and with
wool to form polywool.
➢ Plastics – Lac is a natural plastic and ➢ Terylene is blended with cotton to make terycot.
chemical plastics are of two types- ➢ It is elastic and traps heat, not wrinkle easily,
➢ 1. Thermoplastic – Polymers which can be easy to wash.
easily softened repeatedly when heated and ➢ Used to make sails in sail boats, jackets and
hardened when cooled.eg- Polyethylene, sleeping bags, bottles, jars, utensils, dress etc.
polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon etc.
➢ Thermosetting plastics – Which undergo ➢ Acrylic – It is used as a substitute of wool, can
permanent change on heating. Can’t be reused. trap heat and absorb little water. Sweaters,
eg-Bakelite, terylene etc shawls, gloves, jackets, blankets etc are made of
Acrylic.
➢ Rubber – Rubber mostly obtained from natural
sources but it can be prepared in labs called
synthesis rubber. ➢ Some Polymers and their uses –
➢ It is obtained from latex rubber from bark of ➢ Polythene – Carry bags, bottles / Polypropene –
rubber tree. Synthetic rubbers are Neoprene, Crates.
Buna-S, Buna-N and Thiokol. ➢ PVC – Pipes
➢ Because of less friction it is used for making ➢ Teflon – Non-sticky kitchen ware, waterproof
tyres and tubes. clothes ..
➢ Vulcanisation of Rubber – Natural rubber is soft ➢ Vinyl Rubber – Rubber erasers ➢ Polystyrene –
and sticky, in order to give strength, it is Foam Thermocole ➢ Poly Styrene Butadiene –
vulcanised, treating it with sulphur under heat. Rubber bubble gum. ➢ Bakelite – Electric
switches, plugs, handles, combs ➢ Melamine –
Crockery, vessels, fire proof clothes .
➢ Fibres – They are natural and artificial.
➢ Lexan - Bullet proof glass
➢ Rayon, nylon, Polyester, Acrylic are synthetic
fibres. Medicines –
➢ Natural fibres are Cotton , Silk , Jute , Hemp .. ➢
Cotton obtain from Wood Cellulose ..
➢ Silk obtained from Silkworm’s cocoon(larva). ➢ ➢ Tranquilizers – Used for treatment of stress,
Silkworm found mainly on Mulberry. mental disease, anxiety. Also called
psychotherapeutic drugs. Sleeping pills
➢ Rayon – It is made from wood cellulose by ➢ Antibiotics – Obtained from micro-organisms and
chemical treatment. used to kill other microorganisms.
➢ Rayon Called artificial silk. It is used to make ➢ Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming
dresses, home furnishing, carpets, bandages (1929).
and surgical dressings.
➢ Natural silk is obtained from cocoons of silk ➢ Antiseptics – Prevent the growth of
worms. microorganisms or kill them.
➢ Iodine is a powerful antiseptic mixed with alcohol
➢ Nylon –It is made from petroleum products. water to form tincture of iodine.
➢ It is oldest and strongest fibre. ➢ Boric acid is for eyes.
➢ It is strong and lightweight, used as a substitute
of cotton for making dress, parachutes, tents, ➢ Disinfectants- They are used only on non-living
ropes, tooth brush, car seat-belts. things. Chlorine is used to purify water. Phenol,
Potassium permanganate are some common
disinfectants.

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• Petrol , Diesel , Kerosene , Wax, grease etc

are petroleum product .
➢ Pesticides – Pests including insects and fungi are
killed by pesticides. Pollution--
Air Pollution –
➢ Insecticides – DDT, Aluminium phosphate . Air Pollutants- Sulphur dioxide , Nitrogen Oxides,
➢ Artificial Sweeteners – Natural – Sucrose, Ozone, Carbon monoxide , lead, methane , PM2.5
Artificial – Saccharin, Sucrolose, Alitame etc. Secondary Pollutants – Ozone, Sulphuric acid etc .
Diseases caused by Air Pollution –Asthama ,
➢ Saccharin is 550 times sweeter than sugar, boon Bronchitis, Lung cancer , Ear, Nose infections , Skin
for diabetics. Alitame. rashes .
➢ Food Preservatives – Table salt, vegetable oil, Bhopal gas tragedy
Sodium benzoate, Vinegar , sugar are some • 2-3 December 1984
examples. • Methyl Isocyanate gas.
• Company – Union Carbide
• 25000 + died ..
➢ Carbon Compounds – Green House Effect – When sunlight can not reflect
• Carbon Allotropes – back from earth due to greenhouse gases.
• Diamond – Hardest natural substance . Greenhouse effect increase temperature , causing
• It is the purest form of carbon. Global Warming .
• Graphite - Lead pencil. As a moderator in Green House Gases – Methane (CH₄) , Carbon
nuclear reactors . Graphite is good Conductor Dioxide , Nitrous oxide (N₂O), Chlorofluorocarbons
of Electricity . (CFCs), Carbon monoxide (CO) , Sulphur dioxide
• For making carbon electrode in dry cells. (SO₂)
• Carbon dioxide – Fire extinguisher . Solid CO2
– Dry ice . Water Pollution
• Coal
• Most impure form of carbon . Water Pollution– diseases
• Peat – 60% carbon . • Cholera
• Lignite – 70% carbon.
• Dysentery
• Anthracite – 90% carbon. Purest form.
• Bituminous – 80% carbon. Most common • Diarrhoea
variety. • Lead Poisoning
• Coke – Obtained by destructive distillation of • Jaundice or Hepatitis –A
coil. • Malaria
• Polio
Fuels • Typhoid

• LPG – Liquid Petroleum gas . Bio-degradable Waste— Substance which dissolve

• Butane gas is found in LPG. in the environment , hardly causes pollution .
• Butane is also found in lighter . e.g --Wood, Food, Paper, animal , plant waste Non-
• CNG – Compressed natural gas . Biodegradable substance – Which can’t dissolve ,
• Methane is the main constituent of CNG . plastic waste .
• Methane – Natural gas. CH₄ . Biogas.
• Methane obtained from paddy fields . Acid rain – When pollutant mixed with rain . Acid rain
• Water gas – CO + H₂ has Sulphuric acid, nitric acid , sulphur dioxide and
• Natural gas is found in Petroleum wells . nitrogen oxide .

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Sound Pollution –Sound more than 90 db causes 1024 PB 1 Exa Byte

pollution .
Soil Pollution – Non biodegradable substance causes
Soil Erosion –When water or air carries fertile soil
from on place to other.
Radioactive pollution – Release of radioactive
substances in environment .
Example – Fukushima and Chernobyl disaster.

COMPUTER Shortcut Keys

• Father of computer –Charles Babbage •
First Mechanical Calculator – Blaise Pascal . Ctrl + A Select All
• World’s first Electronic Computer – ENIAC Ctrl + C Copy
(1946) Ctrl + X Cut
• Electronic Computer by JP Ekart and John
Moschley .
Ctrl + V Paste
• First Generation Computer based on – Vacuum Alt + F4 Close Window
Tubes . Ctrl + Z Undo
• 5th Generation Computer based on Artificial Ctrl + Y Redo Ctrl +
Intelligence . S Save
• Computer Literacy day – 2 December .
• First Computer in India – Siddharth (1986) ,
Bengaluru .
• First Super Computer of India – Param •
Param was Developed by CDAC , Pune .
Computer Abbreviations
• Speed of Supercomputer is measured in
FLOPS
• Bug – Computer error is known as Bug .
• Speed of Computer is measured in Herts (Hz)
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
RAM Random Access
Operating Systems – Linux, Windows, Mac, DOS etc. ROM MemoryRead Only Memory
Programming Languages – JAVA, Pascal, Fortran,
MODEM Medulator Demodulator
C++
Computer Browsers – Safari, Chrome , Opera , LAN Local area Network
Mozilla Firefox, UC Browser. WAN Wide Area Network
Search Engines – Google, Bing , Yahoo,
CPU Central Processing Unit
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
Units of Data
IC Inegrated Chips
4 Bit 1 Nibble IBM International Business Machine
8 Bit 1 byte OMR Optical Mark Reader
1024 Byte 1 Kilo Byte USB Unversal Serial bus
1024 KB 1 Mega Byte UPS Uninterrupted Power supply
1024 MB 1 Giga Byte
WWW World Wide web
1024 GB 1 Tera Byte
URL Uniform Resource Locator
1024 TB 1 Peta Byte

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PDF Portable Document Format WiFi Wireless Fidelity

IP Internet Protocol GPS Global Positioning System

Practice Questions –

1. Which of the following is not included as a Fundamental Right in our Constitution?

(a) Right for Life and Personal Liberty (b) Right to Freedom of Religion
(c) Right to Work (d) Right to Constitution Remedies
2. Dr. Varghese Kurien is popularly known as the father of
(a) Green revolution (b) Yellow revolution (c) Blue revolution (d) White revolution
3. Name the river on which Jog falls is situated
(a) Sharavathi (b) Krishna (c) Godavari (d) Cauveri
4. Who invented Zero?
(d) Greeks
(a) Arabs (b) Indians (c) Chinese
5. Name the Strait between Indian and Srilanka
(d) Mc Mohan Strait
(a) Gibrltar strait (b) Palk Strait (c) Godwana Strait
8. In which year the National Anthem was Adopted by the (d) 1948
Constituent Assembly.
(a) 1947 (b) 1952 (c) 1950 (d) Egg Production
9. Golden Revolution refers to?
(a) Seri cultura (b) Horticulture (c) Milk Production
(c) Mr. Veerabhadra Singh (d) Mr. S Y Quereshi
10. Name the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
(a) Mr. N Gopal Swamy (b) Mr. K C Chawla (c) Volley ball (d) Boxing
11. The term Crawi is associated with which game?
(a) Swimming (b) Fencing (d) Tokyo
12. Where were the first Asian games held?
(a) Beijing (b) Colombo (c) New Delhi (d) 31 March 2009
13. Right to Education Act came into effect from
(d) Billiards
(a) 1 April2010 (b) 31 March2010 (c) 1 April 2009
16. Pankaj Advani is associated with which game?
(a) Archery (b) Shooting (c) Lawn Tennis
17. Who won FIFA 2010 “Golden Boot” award
(a) Thomas Muller (b) Cameron (c) David White (d) David Thomson
18. Hindi Day is celebrated on
(a) 14 Oct (b) 14 Sep (d) 24 Nov (d) 24 March
19. Who designed the symbol of Indian Rupee ?
(a) D Uday Kumar (b) M D Joshi (c) Md Hidaytullah (d) VK Naidu
20. Who Designed our National Flag?
(a) Smt Sarojini Naidu (b) Pingali Venkaiah (c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (d) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
21. Who defined democracy as “Government of the people , by the people, for the people?
(a) George Washington (b) J.S Mill (c) Jean Jacques Rousseau (d) Abraham Lincoin
22. when the Earth is nearest to the Sun in its orbit, it is said to be in
(a) Equinox (b) Perihelion (c) Aphelion (d) Solstice
23. The Indian Standard Time is ahead of the GMT by
(a) 4 ½ (b) 5 ½ (c) 5 ¼ (d) 6 ½
24. Which of the following site is declared as World Heritage site by the UNESCO?
(a) Qutub Minar (b) Mysore Place (c) Banneraghatta National Park (d) Jantar Mantra-Jaiput 25.
Richter scale is used for measuring the
(a) Velocity of wind (b) Depth of an Ocean
(c) Velocity of Earth’s rotation (d) Intensity of an Earthquake
26. Rashtrapati Bhawan was designed by
(a) Edward Stone (b) Edwin Lutyens (c) Tarun Dutt (d) Le Corbusier

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27. Which of the following rivers has the largest besin?

(a) Cauvery (b) Krishna (c) Godavari (d) Mahanadi
28. The source of the Brahmaputra river is the
(a) Pindari glaciar (b) Chemayungdung glacier (c) Ghorabari glacier (d) Mansarovar lake
29. Which state in India Produces the largest quantity of rubber?

(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala (c) Karnataka (d) Andhra Pradesh
30. Which of the following produces the largest quantity of rubber?
(a) Meghalaya (b) Mizoram (c) Tripura (d) Arunachal Pradesh
31. The maximum Percentage of the tribal population in India consists of
(a) Santhals (b) Bhils (c) Mundas (d) Nagas
32. World Health Day is observed on
(a) June 05 (b) April07 (c) June 07 (d) July 11
33. Who founded the Indian National Congress?
(a) W C Banerjee (b) Satyendra Nath Bannerjee (c) G K Gokhale (d) A O Hume
34. The Quit India Movement started at
(a) Wardha on August 7.1942 (b) Bombay on August 8,1942
(c) Delhi on August 12,1942 (d) Amritsar on August 14, 1942
35. For a time difference of one hour the longitudinal distance is equal to
(a) 1 degree (b) 5 degree (c) 10 degree (d) 15 degree
36. Who appoints the District Judges?
(a) Chief Justice of the High Court of the concerned state
(b) Governor of the concerned State
(b) Public Service Commission of the concerned State
(d) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
37. Atmospheric temperature increases at the higher altitudes due to
(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Inversion (d) Radiation
38. Which one among the following is a water soluble vitamin?
(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin C (c) Vitamin E (d) Vitamin K
39. _______ form a link between in living and the non-living
(a) bacteria (b) Viruses (c) Plankton (d) Vibrios
40. The topic of cancer does not pass through
(a) Gujarat (b) Orissa (c) Tripura (d) West Bengal
41. Which of the following elements is not a major element of the earth’s crust?
(a) Silicon (b) Aluminum (b) Iron (d) Carbon
42. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port is located at
(a) Paradip (b) Cochin (c ) Mumbai (d) Calcutta
43. Which one of the following railway zones and their headquarters is not correctly matched?
(a) North-Eastern (b) South- Central (c) Eastem-Calcutta (d) Western-Mumbai
44. The battle of_____ led to the establishment of British supremacy in India?
(a) Plassey (b) Buxar (c) Wandiwash (d) Panipat
45. The People of the Indus Valley civilization were Not familiar with
(a) Copper (b) Silver (c) Tin (d) Iron
46. The founder of the Chola Empire Was
(a) Vijaylaya (b) Rajendra-I (c) Raja Raja (d) Vijendra
47. The Rowlatt Act was passed in the year
(a) 1913 (b) 1915 (c) 1917 (d) 1919
48. Which one of the following is Not one of the principal organs of the U.N.O?
(a) Security Council (b) International Court of Justice
(c) International Labour Organization (d) Economic & Social Council 49.
Where did Vinoba Bhavae launch his Bhoodan Movement?
(a) Bhubaneshwar (b) Telengana (c) Kathmandu (d) Kashmir
50. In which of the following states was the Panchayati Raj first introduced?
(a) Gujarat (b) Rajasthan (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Karnataka
51. The book “Origin of species” is written by____?

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(a) Steve Irwin (b) Lord Kelvin (c) Edwin Aldine (d) Charles Darwin
52. Substances rich in ______ are good for our teeth and gum.
(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin C (c) Vitamin D (d) Vitamin B
53. A frog’s egg develops into a ______?
(a) Pupa (b) Tadpole (c) Yolk (d) Albumin
54. Barter system means
(a) Exchange of gold to goods (b) Exchange of money to goods
(c) Exchange of goods to goods (d) Exchange of service to goods
55. A score of ‘o’ is called ‘Love’ in tennis , in cricket, it is called
(a) egg (b) duck (c) none (d) Nil
57. Twenty 20 is a new form in cricket that was launched in

58. 0°Latitude is known as

(a) 2000 (b) 2003 (c) 2010 (d) 2005

(a) Tropic of Cancer (b) Tropic of Capicorn (c) Meridian (d) Equator

59. Humidity is the among of ____ in the air.

(a) water vapour (b) sun rays (c) heat (d) cold
60. The Gregorian calendar is named after
(a) Pope Benedict (b) John Paul (c) Pope Gregory (d) St. Paul
61. The Scientific name for human beings is
(a) Homo Habits (b) Homo Erectus (c) Homo Sapiens (d) None of these
62. The City which means the ‘mound of the dead is’ is
(a) Mohen-Jo-Daro (b) Harappa (c) Kalibangan (d) Lothal
63. Words that are written on the stone or metal are called----
(a) code (b) Inscription (c) artifacts (d) monuments
64. The Greek Sun God is known as
(a) RA (b) Apollo (c) Zeus (d) Venus
65. The Egyptian Kings are called
(a) Czars (b) Pharaoh (c) Sheik (d) Maharaja
66. Name the person who received the Gyanpeeth Award in the year 2010.
(a) Chandrashekhar Kambhar (b) Sivasankaran Pillai (c) V Anand Murthy
(d) C. Balayogi
68. How many Fundamental Rights are there in the India Constitution?
(a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 9
69. Upanishads are books on?
(a) Religious (b) Yoga (c) Philosophy (d) Medicine
70. How many Brigades were there in Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s Azad Hind Fauj?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 6
71. What is the total length of the Coast line in India?
(a) 15,200 (b) 7,517 kms (c) 6,100 kms (d) 5,200 Kms
72.Land of the ‘Rising Sun’
(a) England (b) Japan (c) India (d) Srilanka
73. India’s first census was conducted in
(a) 1981 (b) 1881 (c) 1872 (d) 1781
74. What is the cause for Diabetes?
(a) Lack of sugar (b) Lack of calcium (c) Lack of insulin (d) Lack of vitamins
75. Which of the following helps in clotting of blood?
(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin C (c) Vitamin B (d) Vitamin K
76. As per 2011 census, what is India’s percentage in World population?
(a) 17.5% (b) 16.5% (c) 18.9% (d) 16%
77. The Headquarters of World Bank is situated at
(a) Manila (b) Washington D.C (c) New York (d) Geneva
78. Dry ice
(a) Solid ice without water (b) Benzoic acid

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(c) Glacial acetic acid (d) Solid carbon dioxide

79. A galvanometer detects?
(a) Energy (b) Heat (c) Current (d) Pressure
80. The number of languages in 8th schedule of the constitution of India is
(a) 12 (b) 22 (c) 32 (d) 42
81. A man with colour blindness will see red as
(a) Yellow (b) Blue (c) Green (d) Violet
82. For which of he following disciplines, Noble Prize is not awarded?
(a) Physics and Chemistry (b) Psychology or Medicine
(c) Literature, Peace and Economics (d) None of the above 83.
The first recipient of Rajiv Gandhi’s ‘Khel Ratna’ award is
(a) Vishwanathan Anand (b) Leander Peas
(c) Kapil Dev (d) Limba Ram
84. Vande Mataram was first sung at the session of the National Congress in
(a) 1892 (b) 1896 (c) 1904 (d) 1886
85. Percentage of lead in lead pencils
(a) 0% (b) 2% (c) 4% (d) 6%
86. Which day is observed as World No Smoking Day?
(a) 15th July (b) 31st December (c) 1st January (d) 31st May
87. The propagation of radio signals is greatly influenced by
(a) Troposphere (b) Ionosphere (c) Exosphere (d) Thermosphere
88. The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle which put Chandrayaan-1 into its orbit is
(a) PSLV-C8 (b) PSLV-C9 (c) PSLV-C10 (a) PSLV-C11
89. Which one of the following is the permissible level of noise in a
silent zone at daytime? (d) 80 dB
(a) 50 db (b) 60 dB (c) 70 dB
90. “Merdeka Cup” is associated with the game of (d) Tennis
(a) Hockey (b) Football (c) Golf
91. Zojila Pass connects
(a) Kashmir and Tibet (b) Nepal and Tibet (c) Leh and
Kargil (d) Leh and Srinagar
(c) Atharva ved (d) Yajur Ved
92. Which is the first book that dealt with diseases and their treatment?
(a) Rig Ved (b) Sam Ved
(d) Sh Bakim Chandra Chatterji
93. Who wrote our National Anthem?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi(b) Dr Rabindra Nath Tagore (c) Dada bhai Naoroji (d) 24 Dec
94. United Nations Day is celebrated on
(a) 23 Oct (b) 23 Dec (c) 24 Oct
95. Which revolt is called the first war of independence in India?
(a) Quit India Movement 1942 (b) Non Cooperation Movement
1942 (d) Babur
(c) Revolt of 1857 (d) Swadeshi Movement 1905
96. The founder of Mughal Dynasty was (d) Indigo Planters
(a) Akbar (b) Humayun (c) Shahajahan
97. The Champaran Satyagraha was associate with (d) 542 members
(a) Jute Growers (b) Textile Workers (c) Cotton Growers
98. The Lok Sabha can have a maximum number of
(a) 552 members (b) 543 members (c) 553 members
99. Who is the first woman of the world to swim across all the five continents of the world?
(a) Aarti Gupta (b) Shikha Tandon (c) Jenny Thompson (d) Bula Chaudhary
100. Padma Vibhusan was not awarded to
(a) Shri Azim Premji (b) Late Shri LC Jain (c) Shri Vijay Kelkar (d) Shri PK Sen
101. Which of the following rivers does not originate in India Territory?
(a) Mahanadi (b) Brahmaputra (c) Ravi (d) Chenab
102. The gas predominantly responsible for global warming is
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) carbon monoxide (c) Nitrous oxide (d) Nitrogen Peroxide

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103. Which of the following uses non-conventional Source of Energy?

(a) Kerosene lamp (b) Wax candle (c) Solar lantern (d) Torch
104. Galvanised Iron sheets have a coating of
(a) Tin (b) Lead (c) Zinc (d) Chromium
105. The hardest substance available on Earth is
(a) Platinum (b) Diamond (c) Quartz (d) Gold
106. Washing soda is the common name for
(a) Calcium carbonate (b) Calcium bicarbonate
(c) Sodium carbonate (d) Sodium bicarbonate
107. With which game is the IPL Cup associated?
(a) Football (b) Badminton (c) Hockey (d) Cricket
108. What is the full form of A.M
(a) Ante Meridian (b) Ante Movement (c) After Meridian (d) Adjacent Meridian
109. Who prepares maps and charts?
(a) Radiographer (b) Cartographer (c) Seismographer (d) None of these
110. Who invented Stethoscope?
(a) Rene Laennec (b) Daniel Fahrenheit (c) Gutenberg (d) Confucious
111. Who did the first heart transplantation?
(a) Alexander Fleming (b) Roentgen (c) Dr Christina Barnard (d) Aristotle
112. Antimalaria Quinine substance is got from ______ tree.
(a) Cinchona (b) Rubber (c) Hibiscus (d) Aloe Vera
113. She is known for Narmade Bachao Andolan.
(a) Parvati devi (b) Medha Patkar (c) Rama Bai (d) Gaura Devi]
114. A story with animal Characters with a moral is called a____ _.
(a) Simile (b) Epic (c) Sonnel (d) Fable
115 . Bandipur Sanctuary is located in the State of
(a)Tamil Nadu (b) Uttar Pradesh (c) Karnataka (d) Madhya Pradesh
116. There are_____ days in a leap year.
(a) 265 (b) 365 (c) 266 (d) 366

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131. Vande Mataram was first sung at the session of the India National Congress in
(a) 1892 (b) 1896 (c) 1904 (d) 1886
132. Who gave the slogan ‘Dilli Chalo’?
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Maulana Abdul Kalam (d) Sardar Patel 133. ‘OS’ computer
abbreviation usually means?
(a) Order of Significance (b) Open Software (c)
Operating System (d) Optical Sensor
134. Complete the proverb “Too many cooks spoil The _____”?
(a) Froath (b) Cloth (c) Frog (d) Broth
135. Who is considered as he ‘Father of the Indian Space Programme?
(a) Aryabhatta (b) Dr. Madhavan (c) Vikram Sarabhai (d) None of the above
136. They are the strongest muscles of our body.
(a) Eye muscles (b) Heart muscles (c) Lungs muscles (d) Neck muscles
137. Vaishno Devi Tample is located in____.
(a) J&K (b) HP (c) Punjab (d) UP
138. A Barometer measures_____
(a) Atmospheric Pressure (b) Blood Pressure
(c) Tyre Pressure (d) Blood Sugar
139. What Vitamins can cure weak eye sight?
(a) Vitamin D (b) Vitamin A (c) Vitamin C (d) Vitamin H
140. Polio is caused by____
(a) Tape Worm (b) Round Worm (c) Protozoa (d) Virus
141. What is the bulb filament made of?
(a) Steel (b) Tungsten (c) Mercury (d) Nitrogen
142. Which gas is the most abundance in the atmosphere?
(a) Oxygen (b) Argon (c) Hydrogen (d) Nitrogen

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143. The Southernmost point of peninsular India, Kanyakumari, is located in___.

(a) North of Tropic of Cancer (b) South of the Equator
(c) South of the Capricorn (d) North of the
Equator 144. In which mishap did kalpana Chawla
died? (c) Eagle (d) Vostok
(a) Apollo (b) Columbia
145. India’s highest annual rainfall is reported at
(a) Namchi, Sikkim (b) Churu,
Rajasthan (c) Mawsynram, Meghalaya (d)
(d) 08 May
Chamba, Himachal Pradesh
146. Teacher’s day is celebrated on ____ in India? (c) Cactus (d) Root
(a) 05 September (b) 08 September (c) 05 May
147. What is Mushroom? (c) Geographic Grids (d) None of the above
(a) Fungus (b) Evergreen plants
148. The intersecting lines drawn on maps and
globes are
(a) Latitudes (b) Longitude
149. ‘Ashok Chakra ‘ is awarded for
(a) Acts of gallantry in the presence of enemy
(d) 24
(b) Gallantry by children
(c) Outstanding contribution to literature

(d) The most conspicuous bravery or self sacrifice on

land, air or sea but in the presence of the enemy (c) Harvinder Mankar (d) Anupam Sinha
150. How many language are recognized by
India constitution? (d) China
(a) 21 (b) 17 (c) 22
1 . Who wrote our national song? (d) KGB
(a) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (b) Bipin Chand Pal
(c) Swami Vivekanand (d) Rabindranath Tagor
2. Who created the legendary comic character of ‘Chacha Chaudhary’?
(a) Vishnu Sharma (b) Pran Kumar Sharma
3. Which country is the largest producer of gold?
(a) Ghana (b) Zimbabwe (c) Argentina
4. Which is the secret intelligence agency of Israel?
(a) MOSSAD (b) ISI (c) CIA
5. Which is t he longest mountain range of the world?
(a) Himalayas (b) Andes (c) Alps (d) Rockies
6. What is measured by Anemometer?
(a) Rain (b) Wind Speed (c) Atmospheric Pressure (d)Temperature
7. Where is Satish Dhawan Space Centre situated?
(a) Sriharikota (b) Bengaluru (c) Chennai (d) Goa
8. How many Fundamental Rights are there in Indian constitution?
(a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 8
9. What is parliament of Japan called?
(a) Bundestag (b) Duma (c) Congress (d) Diet
10. How many members are there in Rajya Sabha?
(a) 344 (b) 250 (c) 312 (d) 272
11. What makes our muscles?
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Sugar (c) Fats (d) Protein
12. Where is National Stock Exchange of India situated?
(a) New Delhi (c) Mumbai (c) Bangalore (d) Ahmedabad
13. In which state is the ancient historical city of Lothal situated?

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(a) Gujarat (b) Punjab (c) Haryana (d) Orissa

14. To which religion is the word Tirthankara associated?
(a) Sikhism (b) Judaism (c) Jainism (d) Buddism
15. Bajrang Punia is related to which sport?
(a) Boxing (b) Judo (c) Wrestling (d) Weight lifting
16. How many states and Union Territories are there in India after Article 370?
(a) 26 state and 11 Uts (b) 27 state and 10 Uts
(c) 28 state and 8 Uts (d) 29 state and 8Uts
17. Name the mobile application recently launched by the Ministries of Earth Science to help farmers.
(a) Meghdoot (b) Bheem (c) Prahar (d) Shakti
18. Between which two ocean do Australia lies?
(a) The India Ocean and pacific Ocean (b) The Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean
(c) The Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean (d) The Arctic Ocean and Indian Ocean 19.
What is the full form of RAM in a computer?
(a) Random Access Memory (b) Read Only Memory (c)
Read Access Memory (b) Readable Access Memory
20. How many bytes are in a kilobyte (KB)?
(a) 1024 bytes (b) 1024 bit (c) 1024 kilobyte (d) 1024 Megabyte
21. Which colour of light scatters most
(a) Blue (b) Red (c) Violet (d) White
22. Where the UNESCO World Heritage Site ‘Elephanta Caves’ is located?
(a) Gharapuri in Mumbai (b) Raj Vila in Puna (c) Pandav Cave Nasilk (d) None of these
23. which metal is the lightest metal in world ?
(a) Lithium (b) Aluminum (c) Copper (d) Lead
24. Why are the leaves green in color?
(a) Due to the presence of Chlorophyll (b) Due to presence of Chlorform
(c) Due to presence of Xylem (d) None of these
25. Which is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India?
(a) Padam Vibhushan (b) Param Vir Chakra (c) Bharat Ratna Award (d) Shaurya Chakra
26. Which is the biggest bone in the human body?
(a) Cerebrum Cortex (b) Femur (c) Tibia (d) Humerus
27. What is a Figure with 9 sides called?
(a) Hexagon (b) Octagon (c) Nonagon (d) Decagon
28. What makes up approximately 70% of the human body?
(a) Bones (b) Water (c) Blood (d) Muscles
29. Olympics games are held after every?
(a) Five year (b) Four year (c) Six year (d) None of these
30. Which is the oldest landmass of India?
(a) The Southern Peninsula (b) Himalayas (c) Northern Plains (d) The Thar Desert

31. Arrange these India states in increasing order of the length of their coastline
(a) Goa, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Kerala (b) Kerala, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra
(c) Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujrat (d) None of these
32. Lord Jagannath is considered to be a form of which of the following God-
(a) Vishnu (b) Indra (c) Shiva (d) Ganesha
33.In Cricket, what does a yo-yo test measure.
(a) Eye Power (b) Six hitting ability (c) Fitness level (d) None of these
34. Where was the ‘Azad Hind Fauj’ established?
(a) Singapore (b) India (c) Canada (d) USA
35. Who is the founder of Google?
(a) Larry Page, Sergey Brin (b) Mark Zuckerberg (c) Paul Buchhiet (d) None of these
36. What is the main ingredient of Glass?
(a) Borax (b) Epsom (c) Silica (d) Soda Ash
37. Which flower is white in colour?

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(a) Jasmine (b) Tulip (c) Lily (d) Sunflower

38. Which organ purify our blood?
(a) Spleen (b) Kidney (c) Liver (d) Heart
39. Kuchipudi is the dance form of which state?
(a) Odisha (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Kerala
40. What is the name of ISRO’s new humanoid robot that will
go to space next? (d) Bheem
(a) Vyommitra (b) Meghdoot (c) Indira
41. Which city is known as the Blue City of India? (d) Bengal
(a) Amritsar (b) Orissa (c) Jodhpur
42. Which country shares the shortest border with India? (d) Nepal
(a) Afghanistan (b) Bangladesh (c) Tibet
43. Which award ceremony was hosted live recently?
(c) Emmy awards (d) None of the above
(a) Grammy awards (b) Oscar awards
45. Which country is the largest producer of Cocoa used to
(c) Ivory Coast (d) Spain
make chocolates?
(a) Srilanka (b) Peru
47. Which of the following is the smallest continent? (d) Africa
(a) Australia (b) Asia (c) South America
48. Samba dance is famous in which of the following (d) Mexico
countries:-
(a) Brazil (b) Peru (c) Argentina
49. Clove is obtained from which part of the plant:-
(a) Root (b) Stem (c) Fruit (d) Flower bud (d) Geology
50. Professor Amartya Sen received the Nobel Prize in which
of the following fields- (d) AICTE
(a) Literature (b) Electronics (c) Economics
51. Which of the following is not related with higher (c) Lord William Bentinck (d) None of these
education ?
(a) UGC (b) CABE (c) CBSE
(d) ADP and RNa
52. Who was the first Governor-General of British India?
(a) Lord Hastings (b) Warren Hastings
53. The energy is stored in a cell in the form of
(a) DNA/RNA (b) DNA (c) ATP
54. Where is the national library of India located?
(a) New Delhi (b) Mumbai (c) Kolkata (d) Chennai
55. Which is the first country to host the modern Olympic?
(a) Uruguay (b) Greece (c) Italy (d) None of these
56. Amjad Ali Khan is related with which musical instrument?
(a) Bansuri (b) Violin (c) Sarod (d) Sitar
57. The Constitution of India was adopted on
(a) 26th jan,1950 (b) 25th Jan,1950 (c) 26th Nov,1949 (d) 25th Nov, 1949
58 . In which city the famous Sun Temple is located?
(a) Konark (b) Srinagar (c)Bijapur (d) Allahabad
59. The full form of ATM is
(a) Anywhere Marketing (b) Anytime Marketing
(c) Any Time Money (d) Automated Teller Machine
60. Galvanometer is used to measure
(a) Head radiation (b) Electrical power (c) Electric current (d) Electromagnetic waves
61. Rajeev Gandhi international airport is situated at
(a) Delhi (b) Indore (c) Hyderabad (d) Bengaluru
62. For how many days the Battle of Kurukshetra was fought.
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 15 (d) 19
63. Which city is called ‘Manchester of India’?

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(a) Bhopal (b) Rourkela (c) Kanpur (d) Ahmedabad

64. ‘Duttee Chand’ is related to which sport?
(a) Athletics (b) Weightlifting (c) Boxing (d) Badminton

65. What Palk Bay lies between

(a) Gulf of kutch and Gulf of Khambat (b) Gulf of Mannar and Bay of Bengal (c)
Lakshadweep and Maldives Islands
(d) Andaman and Nicobar Island
66. What are the main constituents of bio
gas?
(a) Methane and Sulphur dioxide (b) Methane and Carbon dioxide
(c) Methane, Hydrogen and Nitric oxide (d) Methane and Nitric oxide
67. Transfer of heat energy from the Sun of
the Moon takes place by
(a) Radiation only (b) Radiation and Conduction
(d) Radiation, Conduction and Convection
(c) Radiation and Convection
68. Which strait separates Europe and (c) Bering Strait (d) Davis Strait
Africa?
(a) Palk Strait (b) Strait of Gibraltar (d) Shiv
69. Who wrote down the epic Mahabharata
while Vyasa was narrating?
(c) Indian (d) Arctic
(a) Narada (b) Vishwakarma (c) Ganesh
70. Name the second largest ocean of the
(c) Sleeping sickness (d) Filariasis
world.
(a) Pacific (b) Atlantic
71. Which of the following is not a mosquito (c) Australia (d) US Open
borne disease?
(a) Dengue fever (b) Malaria (c) Protozoan (d) Worm
72. Which one of the following is the oldest
Grand Slam of the world? (c) Alloy (d) NOTA
(a) Wimbledon (b) French Open
73.Measles is disease caused by (c) Light House (d) Public Parks
(a) Bacteria (b) Virus
74. Stainless steel is a/an (b) Bites between the hours of 9 pm and 5 am
(a) Element (b) compound (d) None of the above
75. Which of the following is not a ‘Public good’?
(a) Electricity (b) National Defence
76. What time of the day do malaria mosquitoes bite?
(a) Bites between the hours of 7 pm and 5 am
(c) Bites between the hours of 8 pm and 4 am
77. Which is the smallest country is the North America?
(a) Cuba (b) Springfield (c) Grenville (d) None of these
78.Who made the first antibiotic?
(a) Hedy Lamarr (b) Benjamin Franklin (c) Alexander Fleming (d) None of these
79. The Central Rice Research Station is situated in
(a) Chennai (b) Cuttack (c) Bengaluru (d) Quilon
80. Who among the following wrote Sanskrit Grammar?
(a) Kalidasa (b) Charak (c) Panini (d) Aryabhatt
81. The hottest planet in the solar system
(a) Mercury (b) Venus (c) Mars (d) Jupiter
82. What does UPS stand for?
(a) Uninterrupted power supply (b) Uninterrupted power Surplus
(c) Uninterrupted power Shortage (d) None of the above 83. Name the first
Female Indian Astronaut.

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(a) Kamala Nehru (b) Kalpana Chawla (c) Sunitha Williams (d) None of these
84. Who was India’s longest serving Prime Minister?
(a) Atal Behari Vajpayee (b) Narendra Modi (c) Manmohan Singh (d) Jawaharlal Nehru
85. How many states does India have?
(a) 35 (b) 50 (c) 28 (d) 25
86. Who discovered bacteria cause disease?
(a) Louis Pasteur (b) Newton (c) Darwin (d) Thomas Alwa Edison
87. What is the area code of India?
(a) +100 (b) +80 (c) +90 (d) +91
88. In the Parliament of India Upper House is knows as
(a) Council of states (b) Rajya Sabha (c) Lok Sabha (d) Parliament
89. Which of these mineral can be found in milk teeth and
limestone? (d) Calcium
(a) Potassium (b) Magnesium (c) Sodium
90. Which of these is a SI unit of pressure and also the name (d) Pascal
of a computer language?
(a) Watt (b) Ohm (c) Weber
(c) Aravali Hills (d) Vindhya Hills
91. Which is the first biosphere reserve in India?
(a) Western Ghats (b) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 93.
(c) Shrihrikota (d) Chennai
Name the place from where Chandrayan-II was launched.
(a) Bengaluru (b) Balasore
(c) JK Rowling (d) Vikram Seth
94. Name the author of the book ‘Matilda’?
(a) Devdutt Patnaik (b) Roald Dahl
95. What is the title of the seventh and final book in Harry
potter series of Rowling?
(a) The Deathly Hallows (b) The Deathly Hedge Hogs
(C) The Deathly Horse Shoes (d) The Deathly Beast
96. Which are the two regions of India which have attained the
status of UT after abolition of Article 370 and 35A?
(a) Assam and Jammu (b) Manipur and Andhra Pradesh
(d) Maldives
(c) Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh (d) Andhra Pradesh and Kashmir
98. Amazon Forest, “ the lungs of the Earth” was recently (d) Delhi
under fire. Major portion of this forest falls in which country?
(a) Brazil (b) Japan (c) Vatican city (c) Maitree (d) Samjhauta Express
99. HQ of the Reserve Bank of India is located in
(a) Kolkata (b) Mumbai (c) Chennai
(c) Haemoglobin (d) Hirudin
101. Which of the following train runs between New Delhi and
Wagah?
(a) Shatabdi Express (b) Thar Express
102. Blood fails to clot while flowing in the blood vessel because of the presence of
(a) Heparin (b) Prothrombin
103. Who is the first Indian woman to win an Asian games gold medal in 400 m run?
(a) P.T Usha (b) K. Maleshwari (c) Kamaljit Sandhu (d) M. Valasmma
104. Which of the following rulers were contemporary of Buddha?
(a) Bimbisar of Magadha (b) Prasanjit of Kosala
(c) Udayan of Avanti (d) All of the above
105. The canal which links Atlantic ocean with Pacific Ocean
(a) Suez (b) Malacca (c) Panama (d) Gibralter
106. The largest delta of the world is
(a) Sunderbans (b) Amazon Basin (c) Greenland (d) Congo Basin
107. Widal test is used for the diagnosis of
(a) Salmonellosis (b) Malaria (c) Cholera (d) Typhoid
108. Which of the following is the tallest building in the world?

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(a) Eiffel Tower (b) Burj Khalifa (c) Statue of Liberty (d) Qutab Minar 109.
Which fruit has the maximum protein content?
(a) Mango (b) Apricot (c) Banana (d) Avocado
110. Who proposed “Green House Effect” in 1824?
(a) Arrhenius (b) Joseph fourier (c) Svensmark (d) Hendry
111. In which year did Sir Edmund Hillary reach the summit of Mount Everest?
(a) 1952 (b) 1953 (c) 1954 (d) 1955
112. Fathometer is used to measure
(a) Earthquakes (b) Rainfall (c) Ocean Depth (d) Sound Intensity
113. Who introduced “Subsidiary Alliance” policy in India?
(a) Lord Willliam Bentinck (b) Lord Auckland (c) Lord Wellesley (d) Lord Dalhousie 114.
What is the name of the longest dam in India?
(a) Tehri dam (b) Sardarsarovar dam (c) Hirakund dam (d) Alamatti dam
115. In which city Feroz Shah Kotla Cricket ground is situated?
(a) Mumbai (b) Ranchi (c) New Delhi (d) Ahmedabad
116. What is the correct sequence of the rivers –Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada, and Tapti in the descending order of their lengths?
(a) Godavari- Mahanadi- Narmada-Tapti (b) Godavari-Narmada-Mahanadi-Tapti
(c) Narmada- Godavari-Tapti-Mahanadi (d) Narmada-Tapti-Godavari-Mahanadi
118. What is the vehicle of God ‘Indra’?
(a) Airavat (b) Garud (c) Nandi (d) OWL
119. Which state is known as the ‘Rice Bowl of India’?
(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala (c) Karnataka (d) Andhra Pradesh
120. Name the author of the book “Godan”.
(a) Har Dev (b) Munshi Prem Chand (c) Jaid (d) Ram Dev
121. Which of the following is the headquarters of World Trade Organisations(WTO)
(a) New York (b) Geneva (c) Madrid (d) Paris
122. Which of the following dance is a solo dance?
(a) Kuchipudi (b) Yakshagan (c) Odissi (d) Ottenthullal
123. In which stadium was the first edition of the Khelo Inidia School Games (KISG)
(a) Sardar Patal, Motera (b) Indira Gandhi Indoor, New Delhi
(c) Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata (d) Kaloor International , Kochi 124.
The brain fever which affects young children is _____.
(a) Malaria (b) Typhoid (c) Encephalitis (d) Pneumonia
125. Which is the Highest Mountain Peak of Himalayas in India?
(a) K-2 (b) Kanchenjanga (c) Namcha Barwa (d) Nanda Devi
126. The smallest state of India is
(a) Rajasthan (b) Sikkim (c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Goa
127. What is the minimum age required to become the member of Rajya Sabha?
(a) 25 years (b) 30 years (c) 35 years (d) 40 years
130. The Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sport is located at
(a) Bangaluru (b) Kolkata (c) Darjeeling (d) Patiala
131. Give The equivalent rank of colonel of Army in Indian Navy.
(a) Commander (b) Captain (c) Group Captain (d) Commodore
132. In a human body, the longest bone is in the _____.
(a) Vertebral column (b) Radius Ulna (c) Rib cage (d) Femur
133. Name the largest fresh water lake in the world.
(a) Lake Baikal (b) Lake Chilka (c) Lake Titicaca (d) Caspian Sea
134. Which is the smallest planet of our solar system?
(a) Earth (b) Mercury (c) Venus (d) Saturn
135. Who is the first awardee to get Paramvir Chakra?
(a) Har Jogender Singh (b) Sqn Ldr Rakesh Sharma
(c) Captain Vikram Batra (d) Major Somnath Sharma 136.
Who was the compose of our national Anthem?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore (b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee © Iqbal (d) Deshbandhu

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137. The words ‘Satymeva jayate’ in the state emblem of India were taken from
(a) Upanishads (b) Sama veda (c) Rig veda (d) Ramayana
138. What is the highest peacetime gallantry award of India?
(a) Ashok Chakra (b) Vir Chakra (c) Mahavir Chankra (d) Param Vir Chankra
140. Which of the following crops helps in fixing nitrogen fixation?
(a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Maize (d) Green Peas
141. What is the time taken by the Moonlight to reach Earth?
(a) 1.9 Sec (b) 1.6 Sec (c) 1.3 Sec (d) 1.1 Sec
142. Polythene is industrially prepared by the polymerization of
(a) Methane (b) Styrene (c) Acetylene (d) Ethylene
143. Which country is the largest producer of rubber in the world?
(a) China (b) India (c) Thailand (d) Italy
144. Which ocean separates North America and Western Europe
(a) Pacific Ocean (b) North Atlantic Ocean (c) Arctic Ocean (d) South Atlantic Ocean
145. Which of the following department of Indian government takes care of education of children with physical disabilities?
(a) Min. of Welfare (b) Min. of Sports (c) Min. of HRD (d) Min. of Defence
146. In the western countries, the constellation Sapta-Rishi is known as
(a) Seven Monks (b) Apha Centuri (c) Big Dipper (d) Small bear
147. Name the third largest continent of the world.
(a) Asia (b) Africa (c) North America (d) South America
148. Which of the following is a cellulose fibre?
(a) Cotton (b) Wool (c) Rayon (d) Polyester
149. Which one among the following is nearest to the tropic of cancer?
(a)Patna (b) Ranchi (c) Rourkela (d) Varanasi
150. With which game is Santosh Trophy associated
(a) Tennis (b) Cricket (c) National Football (d) Golf

1. To which family does Meercat belong?

(a) Rodent (b) Cat (c) Insect (d) Bird
2. In which country are both Lion and Tiger found?
(a) South Africa (b) Iran (c) Turkey (d) India
3. Cricket bat is made from which word?
(a) Teak (b) Willow (c) Yew (d) Cedar
4. Who were half men and half horse living beings according to Greek mythology ?
(a) Sphinx (b) Pegasus (c) Unicorn (d) Centaurs
5. The name ‘Dabbawalas’ is related to which city?
(a) New Delhi (b) Bangalore (c) Nagpur (d) Mumbai
6. Who was the director of the film ‘Gandhi’?
(a) Satyajit Ray (b) Bertolucci (c) Richard Attenborough (d) William Wylar
8. Name the person who goes house to house selling small articles.
(a) Plumber (b) Peddler (c) Glazier (d) Tanner
9.What is the story with animal characters that teaches a moral called?
(a)Comedy (b) Fable (c) Epic (d) Skit
10. Name the oldest existing newspaper of India?
(a) Bengal Gazette (b) Times of India (c) Mumbai Samachar (d) The Hindu

11. Which Revolution is responsible to increase the production of oilseeds in India?

(a) Yellow (b) White (c) French (d) Green
12. Which country’s flag looks like two triangles?
(a) Egypt (b) Nepal (c) Surinam (d) Spain
13. Swimmers go deep below the surface of water and explore sea life .What is called?
(a) Scuba Diving (b) Sky Diving (c) Bungee Jumping (d) Canoeing
14. To which instrument is Ustad Bismillah Khan related?
(a) Sitar (b) Vioin (c) Table (d) Shehnai
15. To what game is ‘China man’ related?

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(a) Hockey (b) Squash (c) Badminton (d) Cricket

16. What is the doctor treating skin problems called?
(a) Cardiologist (b) Orthopaedics (c) Dentist (d) Dermatologist
17. What is Potato?
(a) Branch (b) Stem (c) Root (d) None of the above
18. What Kind of crop is Rice?
(a) Rabi (b) Kharif (c) Zaid (d) None of the above
19. Where are olives grown mainly?
(a) Mediterranean region (b) Australia (c) India (d) England
20. Bone marrow produces_____.
(a) White Blood Cells (b) Red Blood Cells (c) Fat (d) Oxygen
21. Granite is an example of _____ rock.
(a) Sedimentary (b) Metamorphic (c) Igneous (d) Sand stone
22. From where does the Arctic Circle Pass?
(a) 66 1°𝑁 (b) 66 1°𝑆 (c) 23 1°𝑁 (d) 45°𝑆
2
23. Where 2
are Pygmies people found? 2

(a) Africa (b) Asia (c) South America (d) Australia

24. Name the longest Highway of the world?
(a) Trans Australian (b) Trans Continental (c) Pan American (d) Pan European
25. Name the Passenger helicopter service in India.
(a) Pawan Hans (b) Gajraj (c) Air India (d) Indian
26. Martin Luther King is known for ____.
(a) Civil Rights Movement (b) Satyagraha (c) Missionaries of Charity (d) Communist Manifesto 27.
Who is related with Din-i-IIahi?
(a) Shahjahan (b) Akbar (c) Humayun (d) Sher Shah
28. Which emperor was exiled to Burma (Myanmar)?
(a) Ranjit Singh (b) Chin Clich Khan (c) Bahadur Shah Zafar (d) Behlol Lodi
29. Which child revolutionary was hanged by the British?
(a) Vir Sawarkar (b) Jatin Das (c) Khudirm Bose (d) Chandra Shekhar Azad
30. The Antarctic Ocean is also called
(a) Eastern Ocean (b) Southern Ocean (c) Northern Ocean (d) Western Ocean
31. The Prime Meridian Passes through a place called
(a) Sandwich (b) London (c) Norwich (d) Greenwich
32. A strip of water between two pieces of land is called?
(a) Strait (b) Peninsula (c) Gulf (d) Isthmus
33. The term ‘Banana Kick’ is associated with which game?
(a) Football (b) Volley ball (c) Hand ball (d) Basket ball
34. How many Fundamental Rights are in our Constitution?
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 4
36. When was the Panchayati Raj system introduced in India?
(a) 1947 (b) 1950 (c) 1956 (d) 1959
37. What is ratio of the which to the length of the National Flag of India?
(a) 2:4 (b) 3:5 (c) 4:5 (d) 2:3
38. When the Earth is farthest to the Sun in its orbit it is said to be in
(a) Equinox (b) Solstice (c) Perihelion (d) Aphelion
39. Which river is known as Ganga of south India?
(a) Cauvery (b) Krishna (c) Mahanadi (d) Godavari
40. Which element forms the major element of the core?
(a) Silicon (b) Aluminum (c) Iron (d) Magnesium
42. Which one of the following National Highway and their connection is not correctly matched?
(a) NH-1 Delhi to Amritsar b) NH-2 Delhi to Kolkata
(c) NH-5 Varanasi to Kanya Kumari (d) NH-3 Agra to Mumbai
43. Subhash Chandra Bose Airport is located at
(a) Mumbai (b) New Delhi (c) Kolkata (d) Chennai

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44. Name the grass land of North America.

(a) Prairies (b) Pampas (c) Velds (d) Steppes
45. What is the full form of WWW?
(a) World Wide Ways (b) World Wide Web (c)
World Web Wide (d) World water ways
46. Who is the first woman to swim across all the five Oceans of the world?
(a) Aarti Gupra (b) Shikha Tandon (c) Jenny Thompson (d) Bula Chaudhary
47. The decimal system developed in
(a) China (b) Arabia (c) Egypt (d) India
48. Who was responsible for the Jallinwalla Bagh Massacre?
(a) General Simon (b) General Smith (c) General Dyer (d) General Myer
49. The Lok Sabha can have a maximum of
(a) 552 members (b) 543 members (c) 553 members (d) 542 members

50. Which one of the following is not stated in the preamble of the India Constitution?
(a) Justice (b) Fraternity (c) Adult Franchise (d) Democracy
51. Which animal never stops growing?
(a) Giraffe (b) Snake (c) Crocodile (d) Blue Whale
52. Kelvin is a unit related to _____.
(a) Speed (b) Density (c) Temperature (d) Humidity
53. What is Origami?
(a) Art of paper folding (b) National Anthem (c) An insect (d) Plant
54. In which city did the first metro railway system begin?
(d) Delhi (b) Mumbai (c) Kolkata (d) Chennai
55. Who is known as the father of Homeopathy?
(a) Aristotle (b) Hahnemann (c) Hippocrates (d) Kent
56. Which state does “Tanjore Painting” belong to ?
(a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Kerala
57. Kimono is the traditional dress of which country?
(a) China (b) Australia (c) Japan (d) England
58. Where is St Peter church located?
(a) Mexico (b) Washington DC (c) Vatican (d) London
59. Who wrote ‘Glimpses of World History’?
(a) Dr S Radhakrishnan (b) Jawaharlal Nehru (c) Kuldip Nayar (d) Bertrand Russell
60.In which year did Indian Postal Service start in India?
(a) 1774 (b) 1837 (c) 1222 (d) 1786
61. Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress?
(a) Annie Besant (b) Bipin Chandra Pal (c) WC Bannerjee (d) Subhasj Chandra Bose
62. How many rocks were used for carving the Sphinx in Egypt?
(a) 14 (b) 20 (c) 1 (d) 5
63. Who won the first ‘Padmashree’ in Athletics?
(a) P T Usha (b) Milkha Singh (c) Bandhu Singh (d) Sakshi
64. When were the first Commonwealth Games held?
(a) 1920 (b) 1890 (c) 1930 (d) 1934
65. World Health day is celebrated on which day?
(a) 05 June (b) 07 April (c) 07 June (d) 11 July
66. Name the tallest man made structure of the world
(a) Taipei101 (b) Burj Khalifa (c) C N Tower (d) Eiffel Tower
67. Which of the following is not a fruit in reality but a herb?
(a) Pineapple (b) Orange (c) Strawberry (d) Banana
69. What is the minimum age to contest the Assembly Election ?
(a) 25 (b) 21 (c) 18 (d) 24
70. whose slogan was Jai Jawan Jai Kisan?
(a) Lal Bahadur Shastri (b) Indira Gandhi (c) Morarji Desai (d) Rajiv Gandhi

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71. At which continent are ‘Maitri’ and ‘Dakshin Gangotri’ the research stations of India located?
(a) Australia (b) Africa (c) Antarctica (d) Europe
72. Which part of the brain that controls our emotions like fear, sorrow and happiness?
(a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Medulla Oblongata (d) Pons
73. In which state is the Netravali wildlife sanctuary is located?
(a) Goa (b) Kerala (c) Mizoram (d) Orissa
74. In which of the following states in English of Official Language?
(a) Orissa (b) Nagaland (c) Kerala (d) Tripura
76. The Thaipoosam festival is celebrated by which one of the following religions?
(a) Christians (b) Muslims (c) Hindu (d) Sikhs
77. Hero India Open Tournament is related to which among the following sports ?
(a) Cricket (b) Hockey (c) Golf (d) Football
78. Pandit Shiv Kumar Sharma is associated with the instrument?
(a) Sarangi (b) Santoor (c) Sitar (d) Mohan Veena
79. What is the ratio of the width to the length of the National Flag of India?
(a) 2:4 (b) 3:5 (c) 4:5 (d) 2:3
80. Who was the longest serving President of India?
(a) APJ Abdul Kalam (b) Zakir Hussain (c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Giani Zail Singh

81. Which of the following is used as a moderator in nuclear reactor?

(a) Thorium (b) Graphite (c) Radium (d) Proton
82. Name the plant that brings sleep.
(a) Opium Poppy (b) Sunflower (c) Radium (d) Proton
83. Where was Guru Nanak Born?
(a) Amritsar (b) Ludhiana (c) Jalandhar (d) Talwandi
84. Which country is known as “home of spice”?
(a) Srilanka (b) India (c) Bangladesh (d) Malaysia
85. Who made the famous painting ‘Mona Lisa’?
(a) Edvard Munch (b) Leonardo da Vinci (c) Claude Monet (d) Vincent Van Gogh
86. Name the only bird that can fly backwards.
(a) Humming Bird (b) Pigeon (c) Crow (d) Sparrow
87. What is an EVM?
(a) Electric Voter Machine (b) Electronic Voting Machine
(c) Electric Voting Machine (d) Electronic Voting
Manual 88. ‘Life’s Good is associated with which brand?
(a) Tata (b) LG (c) Sony (d) Videocon
89. Who invented the Television?
(a) Philips (b) Waterman (c) J K Baird (d) Benjamin to
90. What is the meaning of the word ‘Yoga’ that is derived from Sanskrit?
(a) Meditation (b) Union (c) Twist (d) Relax
91. In which city Jama Masjid is located?
(a) Delhi (b) Hyderabad (c) Ahmedabad (d) Jaipur
92. Whose slogan is ‘Freedom from hunger for every human in the world’?
(a) UNESSCO (b) ILO (c) WHO (d) FAO
93. The periodic rise and fall in the water level in the ocean is called
(a) Cyclone (b) Tsunami (c) Hurricane (d) Tide
95. Golden revolution refers to
(a) Seri culture (b) Horticulture (c) Milk Production (d) Egg Production
96. Who was the first India born basketball player to get selected in National Basketball Association(NBA)?
(a) Satnam Singh (b) Balbir Chauhan (c) Balbir Singh (d) Ramesh Rathode
98. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
(a) Coal (b) Wind (c) Gasoline (d) Oil
99. What is the Capital of Kosovo?
(a) Pristina (b) Nairobi (c) Pyongyang (d) Bishkek
100. What is ‘Param’?

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(a) Computer (b) Dance (c) Language (d) Phone

101. Plants the qrow in saline water are called
(a) Halophytes (b) Hydrophytes (c) Mesophytes (d) Thallophytes
102. The Salal Project is on
(a) Chenab (b) Jhelum (c) Ravi (d) Sutlej
103. Philology is the
(a) Study of bones (b) Study of Muscles (c) Study of architecture (d) Science of language
104. When is World Humanitarian Day celebrated?
(a) 19 August (b) 11 May (c) 01 July (d) 11July
105. Who became the first Indian basketball player to play in National Basketball Association ?
(a) Satnam Singh (b) Balbir Chauhan (c) Balbir Singh (d) Ramesh Rathode
106. The International Date Line runs through which of the following two Ocean?
(a) Pacific and Indian Oceans (b) Indian Ocean and Atlantic
(c) Pacific and Arctic Oceans (d) Atlantic and Pacific Oceans 107.
Which among the following temples of India is known as Black Pagoda?
(a) Sun Temple, Konark (b) Brihadeeswara Temple, Tanjore (c)
Somnath Temple, Gujrat (d) Meenakshi Temple, Madurai
109. Which city is called as the ‘City of Golden Gate’?
(a) Rome (b) Oxford (c) New York (d) San Francisco
110. Who among the following is the exponent of musical instrument Mohan Veena?
(a) Zuben Mehta (b) Alauddin Khan (c) Imram Khan (d) Pt. Vishnu Mohan Bhatt

111. Which Indian cricketer is the highest wicket taket taker in Test Matches?
(a) R. Ashwin (b) Kapil Dev (c) Anil Kumble (d) Bishan Singh Bedi
112. Which national highway connects New Delhi –Jaipur –Ahmedabad –Mumbai?
(a) NH-4 (b) NH-7 (c) NH-8 (d) NH-22
113. In which city Choudhary Charan Singh International Airport is situated?
(a) Varanasi (b) Kanpur (c) Allahabad (d) Lucknow
114. Which port of India of a tidal port?
(a) Haldia (b) Kandla (c) Kochi (d) Paradip
117. What is the name of the process of direct change from solid to vapour ?
(a) Vaporisation (b) Sublimation (c) Condensation (d) None of these
118. What is the name of Atmospheric Layer closest of Earth?
(a) Photospher (b) Stratospher (c) Troposphere (d) Atmosphere
119. Which of the following mountain range is situated between Narmada and Tapti rivers?
(d) None of these
(a) Vindhya Range (b) Aravalli Range (c) Satpura Range
120. Optical fibres are useful in the field of___
(a) Sports (b) Transport (c) Telecommunications (d) Agriculture
121. BCG vaccine is used for which disease?
(a) Typhoid (b) Tuberculosis (c) Polio (d) None of these
122. What is the Life span of RBC?
(a) 120 days (b) 75 days (c) 50 days (d) 100 days
124. Which country is declared as the polio free by the World Health Organisation?
(a) Somalia (b) Cameroon (c) Kenya (d) Ethiopia
125. Who directed the video on India National Anthem in sign Language?
(a) A R Rahman (b) Govind Nihalani (c) Pritam (d) Karan Johar
126. International Youth Day is celebrated on___
(a) 19 May (b) 11 March (c) 12 August (d) 11 June
128. Who is the author of the book “Unhappy India?
(a) Mahatama Gandhi (b) Lala Lajpat Rai (c) Sukhdev (d) Sardar patel
129. The famous character “Pickwick” was created by___
(a) Steven Spielberg (b) Leo Tolstoy (c) Charles Dickens (d) Walt Disney
130. Who co-founded Hotmail and then sold the company to Microsoft?
(a) Tim Cook (b) Mark Zuckerburg (c) Sunder pichai (d) Sabeer Bhatia
131. Eritrea country is in which continent?

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(a) Asia (b) Africa (c) Australia (d) Europe

132. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in which city?
(a) Oslo (b) Stockholm (c) Geneva (d) Brussels
133. Which sea has the highest salinity?
(a) Red sea (b) Black sea (c) Dead sea (d) Mediterranean sea
134. BREXIT is associated with_____.
(a) Exit of Great Britain from UN (b) Exit of Great Britain from EN
(c) Exit of Great Britain from Commonwealth (d) Exit of Great Britain from BRICS
135. For which movie Akshay kumar was awarded with 64th National Award in best actor category?
(a) Baby (b) Airlift (c) Rustom (d) Jolly LLB-2
136. In which one of the following animals skin is a respiratory organ?
(a) Frog (b) Shark (c) Whale (d) Cockroach
137. What does ‘MOV’ extension file refers to in the field of computer?
(a) Image file (b) Animation or movie file (c) Audio File (d) MS Word file
138. Which country has the highest production of Barley?
(a) China (b) India (c) Russia (d) France
139. Stethoscope was invented by
(a) Bessemer (b) Rane Laennec (c) Henry Becquarrel (d) None of these
140. Where is ‘The Great Victoria Desert’ located?
(a) Canada (b) Africa (c) Australia (d) America
141. Where is the headquarters of UNESCO?
(a) Rome (b) Geneva (c) New York (d) Paris
142. Who defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in the second battle of Tarain?
(a) Akbar (b) Sahajahan (c) Mohammed Ghori (d) Babar
143. The largest glaciers are ____?
(a) Mountain glaciers (b) Alpine glaciers (c) Continental glaciers (d) Piedmont glaciers
144. India won its first Olympic hockey gold in
(a) 1928 (b) 1932 (c) 1936 (d) 1948
145. Which city was India’s cleanest city as per the survey of Swachh Bharat Survey 2017?
(a) Bhopal (b) Indore (c) Tiruchirapally (d) Mumbai
146. Who lunched “Vidya- Veerta Abhiyan” to encourage Universities to display portraits of Param Veer Chakra-decorated soldiers?
(a) Prakash Javadekar (b) Harsh Vardhan (c) Smriti Zubin Irani (d) Venkaiah Naidu
147. Oncogene is responsible for ?
(a) Cancer (b) Aids (c) Malaria (d) Typhoid
148. What is the capital of Sierra Leone?
(a) Bridgetown (b) Georgetown (c) Freetown (d) Capetown
149. Reserve Bank of India was nationalized in the year?
(a) 1935 (b) 1945 (c) 1949 (d) 1969
150. The national Anthem was first sung at which place on 27 December 1911?
(a) Bombay (b) Calcutta (c) Kanpur (d) Allahabad

RMS CET 2021

‘Kuchipudi’ is a popular folk dance of which of the following states?

(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Karnataka (c) Odisha (d) Andhra Pradesh
What is the currency of Bhutan?
(a) Ngultrum (b) Kuna (c) Lev (d) Peso
Which is the highest gallantry award in India?
(a) Param VishishtatSeva Medal (b) Kirti Chakra (c) Vir Chkra (d) Param Vir Chakra Which
Is the most fertile soil
(a) Alluvial soil (b) red soil (c) black soil (d) Laterite soil
The book titled ‘Loktantra ke Swar’ is the compilation of speeches of which Indian leader? (a)
Venkaiah Naidu (b) Ram Nath Kovind (c) Narendra Modi (d) Arun Jaitley

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Indian Army has built a memorial for its personnel killed during the Galwan Clash at which place?
(a) Ladakh (b) SIliguri (c) Jammu (d) Shillong
What is the name of the fitness campaign launched by the union sport Minister from 15th August to 2nd
October? (a) Run India (b) Fit India Freedom Run (c) Fitness India Run (d) Khelo India
Marathon Which country is to play host to the 2023 International Cricket Council (ICC) World CUP?
(a) England (b) India (c) South Africa (d) Australia
Which scientist disover the radioactive element radium?
(a) lsaac Newton (b) Albert Einstein (c) Benjamin Franklin (d) Marie Curie Which
among the following are commonly known as shooting stars?
(a) Meteor (b) Comet (c) Planet (d) Asteroid
Who among the following is the Supreme Commander of Indian armed forces?
(a) President of India (b) Vice President of India
(c) Prime Minister of India (d) Defence Minister of India
Which of the following is not a primary greenhouse gas found in earth’s atmosphere?
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Methane (c) Water Vapour (d) Nitrogen Oxide
Hornbill festival celebrated in which state of India?
(a) Manipur (b) Nagaland (c) Meghalaya (d) Mizoram
Which of the following is a book written by Dr A P J Abdul kalam?
(a) Indian Modernity (b) The Transparent Mind (c) A brief History of time (d) Wing of fire Which
is the Capital of Spain?
(a) Toledo (b) Barcelona (c) Madrid (d) Bilbao
What is the name of the Indigenously Developed Anti Radiation Missile, tested DRDO?
(a) Rudram (b) Shiva (c) Shakti (d) Rakshak
The Martyrdom day of which Sikh Guru is observed in the month November, as ‘Shaheed Diwas’?
(a) Guru Tegh Behadur (b) Guru Hargobind (c) Guru Govind Singh (d) Guru Ram Das
Who created the lengendary comic character of ‘Mowgli’?
(a) Vishnu Sharma (b) Rudyard Kipling (c) Ruskin Bond (d) R.K. Narayan

In which filed is the Arjun Award given?

(a) Science (b) Sports (c) Music (d) Medical
What is measured by Barometer?
(a) Rain (b) Wind Speed (c) Atmospheric Pressure (d) Temperature
Where is the Head quarter of ISRO situated ?
(a) Sriharikota (b) Bengaluru (c) Chennai (d) Goa
Who is the Agriculture Minister of India?
(a) Narinder Singh Tomar (b) Harsimrat Kaur (c) Arjun Munda (d) Kiren Rijiju
Who is the head of State Bank of India?
(a) Atanu Kumar Das (b) Dinesh kumar Khara (c) Rajnish kumar (d) A.S. Rajeev What
is Dry Ice?
(a) Liquid Sulphur Dioxide (b) Liquid Oxygen (c) Liquid Nitrogen (d) Solid Carbon Dioxide Which
is the longest National Highway of India?
(a) 44/NH44 (b) 48/NH48 (c) 27/NH27 (d) 52/NH52
What did Gandhiji do to break the salt law ?
(a) Dandi march (b) Ahmedabad March (c) Champaran (d) All
Which state has the highest population density of India?
(a) West Bengal (b) Tamilnadu (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Maharashtra
Who is known as Iron Man of India?

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(a) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel (b) Lala Lajpat Rai (c) Jawahal Lal Nehru (d) Mahatma Gandhi Who
abolished the practice of ‘sati’ during the British period?
(a) Dalhousie (b) Wellesley (c) William Bentinck (d) Mayo
Which one of them is not a good conductor of electricity?
(a) Silver (b) Copper (c) Aluminium (d) Mica
What is the longitude of a place on the prime meridian?
(a) 360° (b) 180° (c) 90° 9d) 0°
Guru Gobind Singh was the son of
(a) Guru Tegh Bahadur (b) Guru Arjan Dev (c) Guru HarGobind (d) Guru Nanak
What is the percentage of Nitrogen in atmosphere of the Earth?
(a) 75.03 (b) 76.03 (c) 78.03 (d) 78.05
Earth’s surface which is located at the height of 8km from poles and 16km from the equator?
(a) Mesosphere (b) Atmosphere (c) troposphere (d) Stratosphere
Which nutrients help our growth?
(a) Proteins (b) Fats and carbohydrates (c) Vitamin and minerals (d) All of these
There are seven continents in the world. In term of area, the largest continent is…..and the smallest continent is
(a) Asia, Antarctica (b) Asia, Australia (c) Africa, Antarctica (d) Africa, Australia Which
is the largest Archipelago country in the world?
(a) Indonesia (b) Malaysia (c) Zealand (d) Malta
Who invented world wild web
(a) Time Berners-Lee (b) Bob Kahn (c) Steve jobs (d) Bill Gates
Who is the founder and current CEO of electric cars manufacturing company “Tesla”?
(a) Bill Gates (b) Larry Page (c) Elon Musk (d) Jeff Bezos
Which of the following river drains into Bay of Bengal.
(a) Krishna (b) Tapi (c) Sutluj (d) Narmada
The Saltiest water body in the world is
(a) Red Sea (b) Pacific Ocean (c) Dead Sea (d) Indian Ocean
Sahyadris is also known as
(a) Aravali (b) Western Ghats (c) Himadri (d) Eastern Ghats
On which date the Constitution of India was adopted?
(a) 26 November 1949 (b) 15 August 1947 (c) 26 January 1950 (d) 15 August 1950
Name the countries which lie on either side of Durand Line
(a) Indian and Pakistan (b) Iran and Iraq (c) Afghanistan and Pakistan (d) India and China
RMS CET 2022—
1. International Date Line runs through which of the following two oceans?
(a) Pacific and Indian Oceans (b) Indian Ocean and Atlantic Oceans
(c) Pacific and Arctic Oceans (d) Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
2. Which state has clinched the top position in the Khelo India Youth Games 2021?
(a) Karnataka (b) Haryana (c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Odisha
3 - Who became the first India born basketball player to
picked in National Basketball Association (NBA)?
(a) Satnam Singh (b) Balbir Singh (c) Balbir Chauhan (d) Ramesh Rathode:
4. 'Agni path' scheme which was launched recently, is associated with reforms in which field?
(a) Police (b) Civil Service. (c) Defence (d) Tribal Welfare
5.Which Indian city has been recognised as one of the Tree Cities of the World in 2022?
(a) Hyderabad (b) Kochi (c) Chennai (d) Mysuru
6. The Netravali wildlife_ sanctuary is located in which
state?

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(a) Goa (b) Mizoram (c) Kerala (d) Odisha

7. Adiperukku festival is celebrated in which of the following states?
(a) Telengana (b) Kerala (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Andhra Pradesh
8. The Hero India Open tournament is related to which among the following sports? (a) Cricket
(b) Hockey (c) Golf (d) Football
9. The Thaipoosam festival is celebrated by which one of the following religions?
(a) Christians (b) Hindu (c) Muslims (d) Sikhs.
10. Which Tennis player won 2022 French Open Men's Singles title?
(a) Novak Djokovic (b) Roger Federer (c) Rafael Nadal (d) Dominic Thiem
11. Which among the following temples of India is known as Black Pagoda?
(a) Sun Temple, Konark (b) Brihadeeswara Temple, Tanjore
(c) Lord Jagannath Temple, Puri (d) Meenakshi Temple, Madurai
12. The headquarters of International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) are located at
(a) Dubai (b) Geneva (c) Abu Dhabi (d) Washington
13 .Cumbum Valley, the most fertile valley in South India is located in which state?
(a) Maharashtra: (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Karnataka (d) Andhra Pradesh 14.
The Chambal River does not flow through which one of the following states?
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Rajasthan (c) Gujarat (d) Uttar Pradesh
15. People belonging to the Sahariya tribe are predominantly
(a) Odisha (c) Maharashtra (b) Madhya Pradesh (d) Jharkhand
16. The chemical used in indelible ink (Election ink) is
(a) Sodium Nitrate (b) Potassium Nitrate (c) Silver Nitrate (d) Silver iodide
17. To which of the republic of Buddha belong?
(a) Licchavis (b) Sakyas (c) Mallas (d) None of the above
18. Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas, was a contemporary of which of the following rulers?
(a) Akbar (b) Humayun (c) Shahjahan (d) Sher Shah Suri
19. Tripitakas are sacred books off
(a) Buddhists (b) Hindus (c) Jains (d) None of the above
20. 'The Radcliffe boundary between which countries?
(a) India and Pakistan (b) India and China (c) India and Myanmar (d) India and Afghanistan
21. Which atomic power station in India is built completely indigenously?
(a) Tarapore (b) Rawat Bhata (c) Narora (d) Kalpakkam
22. Which is the oldest mountains
(a) Aravalis (b) Vindhyachal (d) Nilgiri hills (c) Satpura
23 .The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by-
(a) The people (b) Lok Sabha (c) elected members of the legislative Assembly (d) None of these
24. The present Lok Sabha is the elected members of the legislative
council assembly (a) 15th Lok Sabha (b) 17th Lok Sabha (C) 18th Lok
Sabha (d) 16th Lok Sabha

25. Which of the following is used as a moderator in nuclear reactor? (a)

Thorium (b) Radium (c) Graphite (d) Ordinary water 26. Where is
Indian Stock Exchange located? (a) Gurgaon (b) Noida (c) Mumbai
(d) Kolkata 27. Where is Uranium Corporation of India situated?
(a) Jaiselmer (b) Bengaluru (c) Jadugoda (d)
Thumba 28. In which city is National Defence College situated?
(a) New Delhi (b) Mumbai (c) Chennar (d) Bareilley
29. For what field is Norman Borlaug award given? (a)

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Defence (b) Science (c) Trade (d) Agriculture 30. To what

field are Grammy awards related?
(a) Publishing (b) Science (c) Music (d) Sports
31. What is the study of cells called?
(a) Cytology (b) Genetics (c) Myology (d) Phycology
32. Who discovered Polio vaccine?
(a) John F Endus (b) Charles Nicolle (c) Louis Pasteur (d) Jonas
Salk 33. Which vitamin helps in clotting of blood? (a) A (b) D (c) K
(d) E
34. What is Methane commonly called as?
(a) Marsh gas (b) Quick Line (c) Soda ash (d) Hypo
35. What is the unit of electric current ?
(a) Coulomb (b) Watt (d) Ampere (c) Volt
36. Who wrote 'One life is not enough?
(a) Yuvraj Singh (C) Naveen Chawla (b) Natwar Singh (d) Vikram Seth
37. Who was honoured with the first Jnanpith Award?
(a) G. Sankara Kurup (b) Lal Bahadur Shastri (C) Mihir Sen (d) Gautam
Kaji 38. It is Noon at Greenwich. What will be the time at 82°E India? (a) 5:12PM (b)
2:30PM (c) 5:30PM (d) 9:00PM 39. Which state produces maximum raw silk in
India? (a) Assam (b) Bihar (c) West Bengal (d) Karnataka 40. In which state is
Chilika lake situated?
(a) Uttarakhand (b) Gujrat (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Odisha
41. Which of them is an old fold mountain range?
(a) Aravalis (b) Himalayas (c) Zaskar (d) Shivaliks
42. In which city is the only private sector refinery set up by Reliance Petroleum Ltd
located? (a) Guwahati (b) Jamnagar (c) Mumbai (d) Jaiselmer 43 -To what
soils is volcanic eruption related?
(a) Black (b) Laterite (c) Alluvial (d) None of them
44. Which of them is not a tropical tree ?
(a) Arjuna (b) Sal (c) Cedar (d) Mahogany
45. Which kingdom first used elephants in
battles?
(a) Kosal (b) Palas (c) Magadha (d) Avanti 46.
When did Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place?
(a) 1919 (b) 1918 (c) 1917 (d) 1939
47. During which Indian ruler's reign did Ibn Batuta visit India?
(a) Iltutmish (b) Alauddin Khalji (c) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq (d)
Balban 48. When did Quit India Movement take place? (a) 1943 (b)
1944 (c) 1942 (d) 1945
49. From which country did Subhash Chandra Bose call for "Delhi Chalo" movement?
(a) Russia (b) Japan (c) Italy (d) Singapore
50. In which year did Gandhiji come to India from South Africa?
(a) 1916 (b) 1919 (c) 1915 (d) 1917

RMS CET 2023

1. deepest lake in the world is
a. Wular Lake b. Lake Superior c. Victoria Nyanza d. Baikal Lake
2. Which of these is not part of the five layers that form earth's atmosphere?

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a. Thermosphere b. Troposphere c. Exosphere d. Hydrosphere

3. Usain Bolt who created a new world record in 100 metres race is a citizen of
a. USA b. South Africa c. Russia d. Jamaika
4. In which state Malyalam language is spoken?
a. Karnataka b. Tamil Nadu c. Andhra Pradesh d. Kerla
5. ___________ was the first human to go to space.
a. Buzz Aldrin b. Yuri Gagarin c. Neil Armstrong d. None of the above
6. Which country is the largest producer of coffee in the world?
a. Brazil b. Ethiopia c. Colombia d. Vietnam
7. Gateway of India is located-at?
a. Hyderabad b. Mumbai c. Bengaluru d. Agra
8. Which of the following is NOT a scheduled language of India?
a. Mundari b. Santhali c. Bodo d. Dogri
9. On which date mother's day is celebrated?
a. 2nd Sunday of may/ 2nd Sunday of may b. 3rd Sunday of may/ 3rd Sunday of may
c. 4th Sunday of may/ 4th Sunday of may d. 1st Sunday of may/ 1st Sunday of may 10.
Which is the largest continent?
a. Europe b. Asia c. Africa d. North America
11. Who was the president of India at the time of emergency in 1975?
a. Zail Singh b. VV Giri c. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed d. Shankar Dayal Sharma
12. Which city is called the Queen of Arabian Sea?
a. Coimbatore b. Tamil Nadu c. Kochi d. Chennai
13. Study of the universe is known as-
a. Pathology b. Cosmology c. Ornithology d. Geology
14. _________________ is considered as father of Indian Space Program.
a. CV Raman b. Homi J Bhabha c. Abdul Kalam d. Vikram Sarabhai
15. How many seconds are there is an hour?
a. 36000 secs b. 3800 secs c. 4200 secs d. 3600 secs
16. who was the first person to give the idea of the constitution of India?
a. Mahatama Gandhi b . Dr BR Ambedkar c. Jawaharlal Nehru d. MN Roy 17.
Who was the president of France during G20 summit at New Delhi in september 2023?
a. Francois Hollande b. Emmanuel Macron c. Nicolas Sarkozy d. Francois Mitterrand 18.
On what date the 'World Population Day' is observed?
a. 11th May b. July c. 11th April d. 12th August
19. NRI - Means:
a. New Regional Instrument b. Non Resident Indians
c. Non Regional Indians d. None Of These
20. Who was the first women IPS officer in India?
a. Chandi b. Kiran Bedi c. Leila Seth d. P.K.Thresia
21. Which of the state has the largest area of forest cover in India?

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a. Arunachal Pradesh b. Haryana c. Madhya Pradesh d. Assam

22. When is the International Yoga Day celebrated?
a. 21/Jun-21 b. 22/Jun-22 c. 21/ May-21 d. Apr-21
23. Name the brightest planet in the Solar system.
a. Neptune b. Venus c. Jupiter d. Saturn
24. Dayanand Saraswati was the founder of which of the following missions?
a. Arya Samaj b. Prarthana Samaj c. Brahmo Samaj d. Chinmaya Mission
25. What is the capital city of India?
a. Mumbai b. Kolkata c. Delhi d. Chennai
26. Which among the following cities in India, is not located in Golden Quadrilateral Road
Network?
a. Kolkata b. Mumbai c. New Delhi d. Chandigarh
27. The head of the Government of India is __________.
a. Prime Minister b. President c. Speaker d. Vice President
28. Ringworm is a ___________ disease.
a. Bacterial b. Protozoan c. Viral d. Fungal
29. Which is the largest ocean in the world?
a. Atlantic Ocean b. Indian Ocean c. Pacific Ocean d. Arctic Ocean 30.
What is the name of the famous tower in Paris, France?
a. Eiffel Tower b. Big Ben c. Tower of London d. Leaning Tower of Pisa
31. What colour symbolises peace?
a. Pink b. Orange c. Brown d. White
32. PV Sindhu is associated with which sport?
a. Badminton b. Squash c. Volleyball d. Cricket
33. Where is the Gir National Park Situated
a. Punjab b. Haryana c. Gujrat d. Maharashtra
34. Cataract is the disease of?
a. Eyes b. Teeth c. Skin d. Heart
35. What does Vitamin K deficiency lead to?
a. Problem in digestion b. Problem in Blood Coagulation
c. Problem in Calcium Metabolism d. Night Blindness
36. Who among the following Scientists got two Nobel prizes of which one was in Peace?
a. Albert Einstein b. Teeth c. Linus Pauling d. Paul Berg
37. Which is the largest civilization in the world?
a. China Civilization b. Teeth c. Mesopotamian civilization d. Egypt civilization 38.
Name the largest river in the world?
a. Nile b. Teeth c. Yellow River d. Brahmaputra
39. What is the age of retirement of a Judge of the Supreme Court of India.
a. 62yrs b. 68yrs c. 60y d. 65yrs
40. The science of drawing map is called
a. Cartography b. Geography c. Topology d. Geology

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41 . Ajanta Paintings are related to:

a. Jainism b. Brahmanism c. Christianism d. Buddhism
42. The Lingaraja Temple built during the medieval period is located at:-
a. Bhubaneswar b. Khajuraho c. Madurai d. Mount Abu
43. By which name the main branch of river Ganga is known as in Bangladesh?
a. Jamuna b. Padma c. Meghana d. Kalindi
44. Earth rotates along __________________ direction
a. North to south b. East to west c. West to east d. South to North
45. Bandipur National Park is located in which state
a. Gujarat b. Rajasthan c. Uttar Pradesh d. Karnataka
46. Agra is situated on the bank of river?
a. Brahmaputra b. Krishna c. Godavari d. Yamuna
47. What is the nickname of Rabindranath Tagore?
a. Mahamana b. Gurudev c. Badshah Khan d. None of these
48. The age of a tree can be determined by
a. Measuring its height b. Measuring its diameter
c. Analyzing its sap d. Counting the annual growth
rings of its stem d. Mizoram
49. Dibrugarh is located in which state?
a. Assam b. Nagaland c. Arunanchal Pradesh d. Donald
50. Who is the founder of Microsoft?
a. Steve job b. Satyan c. Bill Gates

Sainik School – Previous year Questions –

2021
1. Which among of the following is not an Indian Sport?
(a) Kabaddi (b) Kho-Kho (c) Hockey (d) Rugby
2. Who is known as ‘Iron man’ of India?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Sardar Patel (d) Subhas Chandra Bose 3.Deficincy
of Iodine causes?
(a) Goitre (b) Malaria (c) Cataract (d) Scurvy
4. Hirakud dam is built on the river?
(a) Cauvery (b) Mahanadi (c) Krishna (d) Sutlej
5. 1024 Kilobytes is equal to?
(a) 8 Bits (b) 1 Megabyte (c) 1 Gigabyte (GB) (d) 1 Byte
6. Those who study things that were made and used in the past these people are called……… .
(a) Biologist (b) Archaeologists (c) Geologist (d) Doctor
7. What is the ratio of width to the length of National Flag of India?
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 5 : 6
8. Where is Wagah-Border located?
(a) Longewala, Rajasthan (b) Moreh, Manipur (c) Rann of kutch, Gujarat (d) Amritsar, Punjab
9. Out of the following list of Param Vir Chakra (PVC) Awardees who was awarded with PVC during Kargil War? (a)

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 110

Lt. Col Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore (b) 2/Lt. Arun Khetarpal (c) Capt Vikram Batra(d) Maj Somnath Sharma 10.
Which state among the following has adopted Sanskrit as its one of the official languages?
(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Uttrakhand (c) Rajasthan (d) Uttar Pradesh
11. Who is the current Vice-President of India?
(a) Shri Narendra Modi (b) Shri Venkaiah Naidu (c) Shri Arun Jaitley (d) Shri Ram Nath Kovind
12. A medical practitioner specializing in children and their diseases:
(a) Geologist (b) Paediatrician (c) Cardiologist (d)
Neurologist
13. A group of stars is called a:
(a) Solar System (b) Constellations (c) Planets (d) Comets
14. Which gas when solidified is commonly known as Dry ice?
(a) Carbon monoxide (b) Nitrous oxide (c) Carbon Dioxide (d) Hydrogen peroxide
15. The members of the Rajya Sabha can have a maximum tenure of how long?
(a) Five years (b) Six years (c) Seven years (d) Two years
16. P Gopichand is associated with which Sport?
(a) Badminton (b) Cricket (c) Football (d) Hockey
17. Which of the following company does not sell mobiles?
(a) Apple (b) BSNL (c) HP (d) Sony
18. A vehicle capable of travelling over land and water is called:
(a) Hovercraft (b) Rovercraft (c) Mowercraft (d) Car
19. The space programme of Government of India is looked after:
(a) ISBT (b) NTRO (c) NABARD (d) ISRO
20. The Motto of the Indian Navy is?
(a) Sarvatra Sarvottama Suraksha (b) Sham No Varuna (c) Valour and Wisdom (d) Nabha Sprsa Diptam

21. Which is the largest gland in human body?

(a) Salivary gland (b) Lungs (c) Liver (d) Stomach
22. Who has written ‘Sare Jahan Se Achchha’?
(a) Rabindra Nath Tagore (b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
(c) Muhammad Iqbal (d) Subash Chandra Nose
23. Which is the deepest ocean?
(a) Indian Ocean (b) Arctic Ocean (c) Antarctic Ocean (d) Pacific
Ocean
24. Who fixes the salaries and the allowances of the Speaker of Lok Sabha?
(a) Council of Ministers (b) President (c) Parliament (d) Judge of Supreme Court
25. Which article of constitution provides Indian citizen ‘Right To Equality?
(a) Article 12 (b) Article 13 (c) Article 17 (d) Article 14

2020
1.Which of the following will dissolve in water?
(a) Soil (b) Chalk Powder (c) Sugar (d) Oil
2. Which of the following is a communicable disease?
(a) Diabetes (b) Chicken pox (c) Alzheimer’s (d) Cancer
3. To climb the mountains, we have to -
(a) Bend forward (b) Bend back wards (c) Walk straight (d) Walk
sideways
4. Seeds of drumstick and maple are carried over long distances by wind because they possess -

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(a) Winged seeds (b) Large and hairy seeds (c) Long and ridged fruits (d) Spiny seeds
5. ……is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique of Rajasthan.
(a) Taanka (b) Khadin (c) Bavadi (d) Kuan
6. Rasgulla is a popular sweet of ………. .
(a) West Bengal (b) Punjab (c) Kerala (d) Himachal Pradesh
7. Which of the following is tribal community of India?
(a) Pandits (b) Jaat (c) Bhil (d) Punjabi
8. Name an astronomical observatory built in the 18th century by Rajput King Sawai Jai Singh of Rajasthan -
(a) Red Fort (b) Qutub Minar (c) Jantar Mantar (d) Taj Mahal
9. ……… includes internal rocks, minerals. Etc.
(a) Atmosphere (b) Biosphere (c) Hemisphere (d) Geosphere
10. The remains of plants and animals that were buried millions of years ago are known as -
(a) Potential reserves (b) Fossil fuels (c) Biomass fuel (d) Animate power
11. Who was the first Indian to be the President of U.N. General Assembly?
(a) Natwar Singh (b) V.K. Krishna Menon (c) Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (d) Smt. Indira Gandhi 12.
In which of the following parts of the human body are sweat glands absent?
(a) Scalp (b) Armpits (c) Lips (d) Palms
13. What do we call the young one of a Kangaroo?
(a) Foal (b) Colt (c) Joey (d) Cub
14. Clouds are mostly made of -
(a) Snow (b) Dust (c) Water droplets (d) Smog
15. For which of the following works has Vasdev Mohi been awarded the 29th Saraswati Samman?
(a) Lost Children Archive (b) Chequebook (c) The Stranger Diaries (d) A Song for a New Day

16. From which monument did India adopt its National Emblem?
(a) Kapilavastu (b) Hastinapur (c) Sarnath (d) Panipat
17. In which of the following styles of dance is the story/theme always taken from Mahabharata and Ramayana?
(a) Mohiniattam (b) Odissi (c) Bharatanatyan (d) Kuchipudi
18. Arrange the months based on our national calendar (Saka Era) in correct serial order – (i) Chaitra,
(ii) Vaishakha, (iii) Jyaishtha, (iv)Aashada (a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 1, 3, 2 (d) 3, 4, 1, 2
19. Which one of the following is a combat aircraft?
(a) Tejas (b) Dhruv (c) Boeing C-17 Globemaster (d) Chetak
20. Which device is used to measure the speed of vehicles?
(a) Gravometer (b) Speedometer (c) Gyroscope (d) Kilometer
21. Which of following is domesticated in poultry farms?
(a) Goat (b) Sheep (c) Hen (d) Horses
22. The ……..cover the tongue and react to chemicals in food.
(a) Taste Buds (b) Sphincters (c) Teeth (d) Skin
23. What does freezing do when preservingfoods?
(a) Keeps the food product hard (b) Keeps the flavours of the food fresh
(c) Stops growth of micro-organisms (d) None of the above
24. Which of the following cups/trophies is associated with football?
(a) Davis Cup (b) Champion Trophy (c) Santosh Trophy (d) Deodhar Trophy
25. How do ants recognize ants from their group?
(a) By colour (b) By face (c) By smell (d) By height

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2019
1. Black soil is also known as?
(a) Regur Sil (b) Red Soil (c) Leterite Soil (d) Mountain Soil
2. P.V. Sindhu is associated with which sports?
(a) Badminton (b) Cricket (c) Football (d) Hockey
3. The Space Programme of Govt. of India is looked after by:
(a) ISBT (b) NTRO (c) NABARD (d) ISRO
4. Bhakranangal Project is built on the river?
(a) Sutlej (b) Mahanadi (c) Godavari (d) Cauvery
5. Who is known as a ‘Iron Man’ of India?
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (d) Subhash
Chandra Bose
6. The longest river in South India is?
(a) Mahanandi (b) Indus (c) Saraswathi (d) Godavari
7.Which planet nis known as a morning star as well as evening star?
(a) Mars (b) Venus (c) Mercury (d) Earth
8. Which Article of constitution provides Indian Citizen ‘Right to Equality’?
(a) Article 12 (b) Article 13 (c) Article 17 (d) Article 14
9. ‘Narora’ nuclear power plant is located in the state of?
(a) Maharashtra (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) West Bengal
10. Which of the following diseases spreads through contaminated food and water?
(a) Malaria (b) Cholera (c) Dengue (d) Filaria

11. Which is biggest desert in the World?

(a) Kalhari Desert (b) Atakama Desert (c) Sahara Desert (d) Gobi Desert
12. Manas National park is located in the state of?
(a) Assam (b) Arunachal Pradesh (c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Andhra Pradesh
13. Which of these grows from the roots?
(a) Potato (b) Ginger (c) Carrot (d) Sweet Patato
14. Sahyadris is also known as?
(a) Aravali (b) Western Ghats (c) Himadri (d) Eastern Ghats
15. The gas filled in a weather balloons is?
(a) Neon (b) Helium (c) Argon (d) Oxygen
16. Growing children need more of:
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Vitamins (c) Proteins (d) Fats
17. Which gas is dissolved under pressure in soft drinks?
(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Nitrogen (d) Hydrogen
18. Who is the lowest ranked Air Force Officer among these?
(a) Wing Commander (b) Group Captain (c) Flying officer (d) Flight lietenant
19. Which of the following is a National festival?
(a) Baisakhi (b) Republic day (c) Pongal (d) Chhath Puja
20. Dr. Amartya Sen won Nobel prize in which field?
(a) Economics (b) Peace (c) Chemistry (d) Literature
21. The imaginary line drawn half way between North pole and South Pole is called?
(a) Tropic of Cancer (b) Equator (c) Arctic Circle (d) Antarctic Circle
22. The largest Island in the world is:
(a) Australia (b) New Zealand (c) Greenland (d) Mozambique

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23. The coldest place in world, lying in the south frigid zone is:
(a) Greenland (b) Antarctica (c) Australia (d) New Zealand
24. Who invented telephone in 1876?
(a) Alexnder Graham Bell (b) Jemes Hickey (c) Guglielmo Macron (d) Logie Baird
25. ‘Ghoomar’ is a popular folk dance of which of the following states?
(a) Rajasthan (b) Madhya Pradesh (c) Orissa (d) Uttar Pradesh

2018
1. Which feature helps a coconut fruit to float in water?
(a) A fibrous outer covering (b) A spongy part (c) Presence of hook (d) Presence of spine 2.
Which of the following is anon communicable disease?
(a) Chickenpox (b) Beriberi (c) Common cold (d) Measles
3. The rabies virus is carried by.
(a) Cockroaches (b) Hens (c) Dogs (d) Rabbits
4. Milk turning sour is a.
(a) Physical change (b) Reversible change (c) Chemical change (d) None of these 5.
The wearing off or carrying away of soil by the action of water or wind is called.
(a) Storm (b) Flood (c) Soil erosion (d) Deforestation
6. Whales and dolphins are classified as.
(a) Fishes (b) Reptiles (c) Mammals (d) Amphibians
7. The working of the internal organs of our body is controlled by this system.
(a) Reproductive (b) Circulatory (c) Respiratory (d) Nervous
8. A person might faint if his heart does not send enough blood to his.
(a) Feet (b) Liver (c) Kidneys (d) Brain
9. The upward push of water on a floating object is called.
(a) Buoyant force (b) Volume (c) Density (d) Pressure
10. The first artificial satellite launched by India in 1975 was.
(a) Sputnic 1 (b) Aryabhatta (c) Charaka (d) Insat
11. Those who study earthquakes are called.
(a) Geologist (b) Seismologists (c) Astronomers (d) Astrologers
12. Which of the following gas is not a greenhouse gas?
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Oxygen (c) Methane (d) CFC
13. The model of the earth is called a ?
(a) Circle (b) Sphere (c) Globe (d) Marble
14. Agriculture cannot be practiced on mountains on a large scale as they?
(a) Are thinly populated (b) Have a shortage of land
(c) Have a thin soil cover (d) Have unsuitable climate
15. The condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time is called?
(a) Season (b) Climate (c) Altitude (d) Weather
16. The highway of Central Africa is another name for?
(a) River Nile (b) River Congo (c) River Zimbani (d) River Kwango
17. Most of the grasslands of the world are found in the?
(a) Tropical Zone (b) Temperate Zone (c) Torrid Zone (d) Frigid Zone
18. Any sound louder than 90 decibels can cause.
(a) Asthma (b) Digestive problems (c) Typhoid (d) Loss of hearing
19. Aligarh Muslim University is associated with.
(a) Rabindranath Tagore (b) Tansen (c) Kalidas (d) Syed Ahmad Khan

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20. The English Government introduced the policy of divide and rule to.
(a) Educate Indian (b) Encourage nationalism (c) Reform Indians (d) Suppress Nationalism
21. Purna Swaraj means.
(a) non-cooperation (b) Civil disobedience (c) Boycott (d) Complete Independence
22. The Lok Sabha can have a maximum of.
(a) 12 members (b) 552 members (c) 238 members (d) 543 members
23. The League of Nations was formed to prevent.
(a) Destruction (b) Loss of lives (c) Droughts (d) Another world war
24. The world has been made smaller due to.
(a) Wheels (b) Steam engines (c) Fast means of transport (d) Cars
25. Internet is a source of information on.
(a) Documentaries (b) e-mail (c) Any topic (d) A few topic

2022

1. What is the major source of fresh water in India ?

(A) Ocean water (B) River water (C) Pond water (D) Ground water
2. Salman Rushdie won the Booker Prize for which book ?
(A) The Satanic Verses (B) Midnight's Children (C) Fury (D) Shalimar the Clown
3. Who invented electric bulb?
(A) Thomas Alva Edison (B) Alexander Graham Bell (C) Marie Curie (D) C.V. Raman

4. By what other name is the Water Cycle known as ?

(A) Water movement cycle (B) Air cycle (C) Hydrologic cycle (D) Tectonic cycle
5. Pick an example of water pollution.
(A) An oil spill from a large ship (B) Animals walking along the beact
(C) Drinking water out of a plastic bot (D) Gasoline in a car
6. Who has won the Sushila Devi Literature Award for the novel "Things to Leave
Behind'? (A) Kanika Mukherjee (B) Ram Suri (C) Namita Gokhale (D) Rita Chandra 7.
Where is the United Nations Headquarters located ?
(A) Vienna (B) New York (C) Paris (D) Zurich
8. Which classical dance form is named after the village it originated
from ? (A) Kuchipudi (B) Kathakali (C) Bharatnatyam (D) Mohiniattam 9.
What do tissues help in ?
(A) Faster Development (B) Division of labour among cells
(C) Higher reproductive potential (D) Body strength
10. Which bacteria is responsible for the formation of curd ?
(A)Vibrio Cholerae (B)Lactobacillus Acidophillus (C) Strepococcus Thermophillus (D) Bacillus
radicicola 11. Which one of the following statements is true about fossil fuels ?
(A) They are renewable resources. (B) They are found within the top layers of the Earth's crust
(C) They are formed over the course often years (D) They are the remains of once-living organism
12. Which sweet is deep-fried, dipped in sugar syrup, round shaped and usually orange in colour?
(A) Gajar ka halwa (B) Rasgulla (C) Bhakarwadi (D) Jalebi
13. The reading above ....... on Richter scale can cause severe damage. (A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 8
(D) 4
14. What does white colour in the National Flag represent ?
(A) Sacrifice (B) Peaceful and Truth (C) Prosperity of life (D) None of these
15. Pick out the incorrect statement.

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(A) Gravitation affects only part of the earth. (B) Gravitation pulls iron.
(C) Gravitation prevents things from floating. (D) Aeroplane do not fly in the gravitational field
16. Nanda Devi located in ?
(A) Himachal Pradesh (B) Jammu and Kashmir (C) Uttarakhand (D) Uttar Pradesh
17. What is meant by seed coat ?
(A) Hard cover around the food stored (B) Hard cover around the baby plant
(C) The protective outer coat of a seed ( D) Hard cover around the roots of the plant
18. Name the holy book of the Parsis.
(A) Bible (B) Zend Avesta (C) Quran (D) Guru Granth Sahib
19.Which Vitamin deficiency leads to bleeding of gums, slow healing of wounds and aching limbs?
(A) Vitamin A (B) Vitamin B (C) Vitamin C (D) Vitamin D
20. Which part of the Earth supports its biodiversity ?
(A) Biosphere (B) Sanctuary (C) Ecosystem reserve (D) Biotic Community
21.Where did Buddha attain enlightement?
(A) Lumbini (B) Bodh Gaya (C) Sarnath (D) Kushinagar

22. What process is involved in Cloud Seeding, which is a technique that induces rain?
(A) Adopting an agricultural practice that depends on clouds.
(B) When water vapour in the atmosphere cools and condenses around a particle of dust or salt.
(C) Making clouds and placing them in the sky.
(D) Scattering clouds to form seed like structures.
23. Where is the famous Meenakshi Temple
located ? (A) Ujjain (B) Varanasi (C) Madurai (D)
Rameshwaram 24. In which sport is the term
'Knock-Out' used? (A) Archery (B) Boxing (C) Golf
(D) Billiards
25. Who was the Chief of Army during the Indo-Pak war, 1971 ?
(A) General PP Kumaramangalam (B) Field Marshal SHFJ Manekshaw
(C) General JN Chaudhari (D) General KS Thimayya

Sainik School 2023

1. When was Bangladesh formed--

(a) In 1971 (b) In 1905 (c) In 1970 (d) In 1947
2. Choose the correct options. The United Nations (UN) was founded in
(a) 1944 (b) 1945 (c) 1946 (d) 1947
3. Identify from the following disease related to brain
(a) Meningitis (b) Migraine (c) Jaundice (d) Diabetes
4. Choose the correct option
Cow dung can be used as manure as it is rich in ___________.
(a) Nitrogen (b) Sugar (c) Mercury (d) Calcium
5. Which animal was represented on the mascot of the Delhi Asian Games 1982?
(a) Elephant (b) Panda (c) Lion (d) Tiger
6. The deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes Rickets
(a) Vitamin-A (b) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin-C (d) Vitamin-B
7. Who was the first Governor General of Independent India?
(a) Rajagopalachari (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Lord Mount Batten (d) Jawaharlal Nehru
8. Identify the Indian Nuclear Physicist, who was the founding Director and Professor of Physics at the Tata Institute
of Fundamental Research.

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(a) Homi J. Bhabha (b) Vikram Sarabhai (c) Ramanujan (d) Aryabhata
9. A sport where people use a board with small wheels-Is:
(a) Para motoring (b) Sky diving (c) Skating (d) Skate boarding
10. This award is also known as the Lotus decoration and is India's second highest civilian
award. (a) Arjuna award (b) Bharat Ratna (c) Padma Vibhushan (d) Ashok
Chakra 11. __________ is the first sportsperson to win the Padma Vibhushan award in 2007.
(a) Vishwanathan Anand (b) Sunil Gavaskar (c) Kapil Dev (d) Sachin Tendulkar
12. Choose the correct option to fill in the blank.
Mountains arranged in a fine is known as ________ .
(a) range (b) fold mountain (c) peak (d) Table mountain
13. Choose the correct option.
Water is known as the universal solvent because :
(a) It has many uses. (b) It can remove all kinds of dust.
(c) It is the medium in which all body metabolism happens. (d) It can dissolve many substances.
14. Animal which can survive without water for a long time in desert.
(a) Horse (b) Cow (c) Buffalo (d) Camel
15. The only species where the males bear the young.
(a) Dolphin (b) Whale (c) Sea horse (d) Tortoise 16. Singlis Chham dance is rotated to which
state?
(a) Sikkim (b) Kerala (c) Assam (d) Manipur
17. The instrument used to measure the speed of a vehicle is :
(a) Speedometer (b) Photometer (c) Odometer (d) Tachometer
18. Choose the correct option
_________ is the fastest healing body part
(a) Tongue (b) Liver (c) Large Intestine (d) Skin
19. Ayodhya is located on the biks of the river
(a) Ganges (b) Saryu (c) Godavari (d) Yamuna
20. Choose the correct option
Sanjana found that as a seed germinates and seedling turn into a young plant,
the size of the seed leaves gradually becomes smaller. It is because :
(a) The seed leaves are absorbed back into the seed (b) The sunlight
withers the seed leaves.
(c) The food in the seed leaves has been used by the growing plant (d)
None of these
21. Who appoints the Prime Minister of India
(a) The President of India (b) Chief Election Commissioner
(c) The Chief Justice of India (d) The Chief of Defence Staff
22. Kolkata is located on the banks of
(a) Ganges (b) Damodar (c) Hooghly (d) Padma
23. Choose the correct option.
This palace, located in Gwalior was built by the Maharaja of Gwalior Jayajirao Scindia. It has Italian and Tuscan
style of architecture and is not a museum
(a) Hawa Mahal Palace (b) Lake Palace (c) Umaid Bhawan Palace (d) Jai Vilas Palace
24. In Rageyana, where did Lord Shri Ram marry Sita ?
(a) Ayodhya (b) Panchvati (c) Chitrakoot (d) Janakpur 25.
Choose the correct option Food is stored in the roots of _________.
(a) Potato (b) Sweet Potato (c) Onion (d) Ginger

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Sainik School 2024 1. Who is the author of the famous work,

‘The Man-eater of Malgudi’?
(a) Rabindranath tagore (b) Ruskin Bond (c) R.K. Narayan (d) G.V. Desani
2. A Khunti is
(a) An implement used to dig the soil (b) An iron pole to tie cattle (c)
A earthen pot to cook food (d) A musical instrument
3. You put a glass of water in the sun. After 2 days, the glass is empty. Where did the water go?
(a) It evaporated (b) It condensed (c) It froze (d) It turned into nitrogen
4. Best friend of soil is:
(a) Birds (b) Earthworms (c) Insects (d) Snakes
5. Which solution is given when a person has vomitting and loose motions?
(a) Milk shake (b) Lemon water (c) Fruit juice (d) Salt and Sugar
6. Which one among the following is NOT a natural way of food preservation?
(a) Drying (b) By adding preservatives (c) Salting and sweetening (d) Pickling 7.
Which leaves can be kept in box to protect the seeds from the insects?
(a) Neem (b) Banyan (c) Banana (d) Mango
8. Which of the following works can NOT be done with water that has been used once?
(a) Mopping the floor (b) Washing hands and face (c) Watering plants (d) Using in the toilet 9.
Which of the following devices is used to measure body temperature?
(a) Lactometer (b) Barometer (c) Thermometer (d) Speedometer
10. How many spokes are there in the wheel placed in the centre of the Indian flag?
(a) Twenty six (b) Twenty four (c) Twenty one (d) Twenty eight
11. Who wrote 'Ramayana'?
(a) Valmiki (b) Vedvyas (c) Kalidas (d) Gyaneshwar
12. Which one of the following is a non- renewable resource?
(a) Petrol (b) Wind (c) Bio-gas (d) Solar
13. In Jammu & Kashmir, what does 'Yakhni' refer to?
(a) A piece of cloth worn on head men (b) A non-vegetarian dish
(c) A cultural festival (d) A form of local dance
14. 'Tadpole' is in the larval age of which animal?
(a) Dog (b) Tiger (c) Frog (d) Goat
15. Birds like kites, eagles and vultures can see things from a distance of:
(d) twenty meters
(a) two meters (b) four meters (c) eight meters
16. What is the name of the eldest brother among Pandavas? (d) Karna
(a) Bheem (b) Yudishther (c) Arjun
17. Bihu dance belongs to which State?
(a) Assam (b) Gujarat (c) Bihar (d) Punjab
18. Wahida Prism, Lieutenant Commander in the Indian Navy is what type of a professional?
(a) Doctor (b) Software Engineer (c) Chef (d) Teacher
19. How many gold medals did India win in Asian Games held in 2023?
(a) 28 (b) 52 (c) 42 (d) 14
20. Which super sense is activated by langur while warning others of danger?
(a) Sight (b) Sound (c) Skin (d) Smell
21. Which one out of the following animals has a very strong sense of smell?
(a) Rabbit (b) Ant (c) Cat (d) Monkey
22. We mainly get energy to do work from:
(a) Proteins Growth (b) Vitamins (c) Fats and carbohydrates (d) Minerals
23. Children who live in the plains would find it difficult to walk on the mountains because:

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(a) They are lazy. (b) The paths are rocky and uneven.
(c) The paths are very smooth. (d) There are no transports available on mountains.
24. Where is Char Minar situated?
(a) Jaisalmer (b) Puri (c) Aurangabad (d) Hyderabad
25. Earth takes how many days to revolve around the Sun?
(a) 365 days (b) 365 days (c) 365 days (d) 365 days

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