Problem Sheet

Paper Code: MTH1101

MODULE- I

1 3 4 3
1. Reduce the following matrix [3 9 12 3 ] to a row reduced echelon form and hence find its
1 3 4 1

rank.
1 2 1
2. State Cayley-Hamilton theorem and verify the theorem for the matrix 𝐴 = [1 −1 1 ].
2 3 −1

3. Determine the values of 𝜆 and 𝜇 for which the system of linear equations

𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 5
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇
have (i) no solution, (ii) a unique solution and (iii) an infinite number of solutions.

4. If 𝐴 , 𝐵 are two n-th order square matrices and 𝐵 is non-singular, prove that 𝐴 and 𝐵−1 𝐴𝐵 have
the same eigenvalues.

1 0 2
5. Show that the matrix 𝐴 = [0 −1 1] satisfies its own characteristic equation and hence find
0 1 0
𝐴−1 .

6. Determine whether the following system of linear equations is consistent or not.

𝑥+𝑦−𝑧 =0
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 2
If consistent, find the solution.

7. Reduce the matrix 𝐴 to row-reduced echelon form and hence find its rank where,
1 −4 2 −1
𝐴 = [ 3 −12 6 −3 ].
2 −1 0 1
0 1 3 −1
1
8. If 𝐴 is a non-zero eigenvalue of a non-singular matrix 𝐴, then prove that is an eigenvalue of 𝐴−1 .
𝜆

9. Find the rank of the given matrix for (i) 𝑎 ≠ −1, and ( ii) 𝑎 = −1.
𝑎 −1 −1
[ −1 𝑎 −1]
−1 −1 𝑎
1 1 1
 1 2 1
10. a) Is the matrix 𝐴 = [−1 0 2] equivalent to 𝐼3 ? Justify.
2 1 3
b) Prove that an orthogonal matrix is non-singular.
11. Find the eigenvalues of 𝐴−1 and 𝐴5 , where

3 10 5
𝐴 = [−2 −3 −4].
3 5 7
7 2 −2
12. Using Cayley -Hamilton theorem find the inverse of the matrix [−6 −1 2 ] .
6 2 −1

cos 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
13. Show that the matrix 𝐴 = ( ) is orthogonal.
− sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

14. If 𝜆 ≠ −14, then show that the system of equations

5𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 7
4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜆 − 5 has a unique solution (0, 1, 1).

1 0 0
16. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix 𝐴 = [5 2 7].
4 0 3
1 0 0
17. If 𝐴 = [1 0 1], then show that 𝐴𝑛+2 − 𝐴𝑛 − 𝐴2 + 𝐼 = 𝑂 , by Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
0 1 0
Hence find 𝐴100 .

2 4
18. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix 𝐴 = [ ].
3 1
19. Show that the modulus of each eigenvalue of an orthogonal matrix is unity.

20. Reduce the matrix 𝐴 to row-reduced echelon form and hence find its rank where,
0 0 1 2 1
𝐴 = [1 3 1 0 3 ].
2 6 4 2 8
3 9 4 2 10

21. Find whether the given system of equations is consistent or not with
proper justifications:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 10
−𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 2
22, Verify Caley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix
1 0 2
𝐴 = [0 2 1] and hence find 𝐴−1 .
2 0 3
3 0 0
23. Find the sum of the eigenvalues of the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [8 4 0].
6 2 5

24. If 𝐴, 𝐵 are square matrices of same order and 𝐴 is non-singular, then prove that 𝐴−1 𝐵 and 𝐵−1 𝐴
have same eigenvalues.
25. If 𝐴 is a real square matrix and (𝐼 − 𝐴)(𝐼 − 𝐴)−1 is orthogonal, prove that 𝐴 is skew-symmetric.
𝐼 being the identity matrix of the same order as that of 𝐴 .

1 −1 2
26. Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix 𝐴 = [2 −2 4].
3 −3 6
1
27. If 𝜆 be an eigen value of a real orthogonal matrix 𝐴, prove that is also an eigen value of 𝐴.
𝜆

28. Determine the conditions for which the system

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 𝑏, 5𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 = 𝑏 2 admits of
(i) only one solution, (ii) no solution, (iii) many solutions.

29. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the system of equations has a non-trivial solution.
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 𝑘𝑦, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑘𝑧.

30. Apply elementary row operations to reduce the following matrix to a row echelon matrix
2 0 4 2
(3 2 6 5 ).
5 2 10 7
0 3 2 5

1 0 0
31. Use Cayley-Hamilton theorem to find 𝐴100 where 𝐴 = (1 0 1).
0 1 0

MODULE-IV

1 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1. Change the order of the integration and hence evaluate ∫0 ∫𝑒 𝑥 2 .
𝑦 log 𝑦

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 1
2. Applying Euler’s theorem on homogeneous function, prove that 𝑥 +𝑦 = tan 𝑢 , where
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 sin 𝑢 cos 2𝑢
𝑢 = sin−1 . Hence show that 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 =− .
√𝑥+ √𝑦 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦2 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑢

3. Evaluate ∫𝐶 {(𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦} where 𝐶 is the closed curve of the region is bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 .
4. Evaluate ∬𝑅 𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 where 𝑅 is the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 and the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 .

𝑥 2 𝑦2
5. Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = . Show that the double limit of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) does not exist
𝑥 2 𝑦2 +(𝑥 2 −𝑦2 )2
as (𝑥, 𝑦) → (0, 0).
2𝑥𝑦
, (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
6. Show that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 is not continuous at (0, 0).
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)
7. Use Divergence theorem to evaluate ∬𝑆 {𝑥𝑧 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑧 3 )𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦}
where 𝑆 is the surface of the hemispherical region bounded by 𝑧 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 and 𝑧 = 0.

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
8. If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑧 − 𝑥, 𝑥 − 𝑦), then show that + + = 0.
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
4 2 2 2
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦−𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 3𝜋
9. Show that ∫𝐶 5 5 = 𝑎 , where 𝐶 is the quarter of the astroid 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3 in the first
3
16
𝑥3+ 𝑦3
quadrant.
 4𝑥 2 +5𝑦2
𝑥𝑦 , (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
10. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 , then prove that 𝑓𝑥𝑦 ≠ 𝑓𝑦𝑥 using first principle.
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)

11. Verify Green’s theorem for ∮𝐶 {(3𝑥 − 8𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6xy)𝑑𝑦} where 𝐶 is the boundary of the
region bounded by 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1.

12. Evaluate ∫𝐶 (2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑦 − 4𝑥)𝑑𝑦 where 𝐶 denotes the ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 formed by the points
𝑃(0, 0), 𝑄(2, 0) and 𝑅(2, 1) traversed in the clockwise direction.

13. If 𝑧 = 𝑧(𝑢, 𝑣), where 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 and 𝑣 = 𝑙𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥, then prove that

𝜕2𝑧 𝜕2𝑧 𝜕2𝑧 𝜕 2𝑧
+ = (𝑙 2 + 𝑚 2 ) ( + ).
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦2 𝜕𝑢2 𝜕𝑣2

𝑎 𝑥 𝑦
14. Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧.

15. Using Stoke’s theorem to evaluate ∫𝐶 {(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 − 𝑧)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑧}, where 𝐶 is the
boundary of the triangle with vertices (2, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0), (0, 0, 6).

𝑦 𝑥
16. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 tan−1 ( ) − 𝑦 2 tan−1 ( ) then show that 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = 𝑓𝑦𝑥 .
𝑥 𝑦

17. Apply Green’s theorem to find ∮𝐶 {(cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦)}𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑦}, where 𝐶 is the circle
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1.

𝑦 𝑦
18. If 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑓 ( ) + 𝑔 ( ), then show that
𝑥 𝑥
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑦
i) 𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑥𝑓 ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑥
2 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
2𝜕 𝑢
ii) 𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 = 0.
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦2

𝑎 √𝑥 2 −𝑦2
18. Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 by changing to polar coordinate.

𝑥𝑦3
19. Show that the double limit of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) does not exist as (𝑥, 𝑦) → (0, 0) where 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = .
𝑥 2 +𝑦6
20. If 𝑢 = log(𝑥 3
+ + 𝑦3 𝑧3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧), then prove that
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 3
i) + + =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 2 9
ii) ( + + ) 𝑢=−
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧) 2

3 +𝑦3
21. Using Euler’s theorem for homogeneous function on 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 ,

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
prove that 𝑖) 𝑥 +𝑦 = 3𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢

and 𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 = 3𝑢(3 log 𝑢 + 2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢.
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦2

(3,4)
22. Show that the line integral ∫(1,2) [(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦] is independent of the path
joining the points (1, 2) and (3, 4).
 23. Evaluate by Green's theorem ∫Γ {(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦} where Γ is the closed curve of the
region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 .

𝑦−𝑥 𝑧−𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
24. If 𝑢 = 𝑢 ( , ), then show that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 0.
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

25. Evaluate ∬𝑅 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over 𝑅: {0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎; 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏}.

26. Evaluate ∬𝑅 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over 𝑅 bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1.

27. Using Stoke's theorem show that ∬𝑠 [(𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 + (𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦] = 𝑎3 𝜋

where 𝑆 is the portion of the surface 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑧 = 0, 𝑧 ⩾ 0.

28. Verify Divergence theorem for the surface integral ∬𝑠 [(2𝑥 − 𝑧)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 + 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑥 − 𝑧 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦]
taken over the region 𝑆 bounded by 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0, 𝑧 = 1.

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 ∂𝑢 2 ∂𝑢 2 ∂𝑢 2 ∂𝑢 ∂𝑢 ∂𝑢
29. If + + = 1, prove that ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 2 (𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 ).
𝑎 2 +𝑢 𝑏 2 +𝑢 𝑐 2 +𝑢 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑧 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑧