Exploring the Significance of Culturally Appropriate Terminology

in the Philippines

Introduction
Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone! Welcome to our webinar on "Culturally
Appropriate Terms in the Philippines." I'm Masangkay, and I'm thrilled to have you all here
today. In this webinar, we will explore the concept of race in the Philippine context, discuss
terms, expressions, and images (sensitivity to gender, race, and class), and then react to the
implications in communication.

Transition to the Main Presentation

To begin with, let's understand that race in the Philippines does not play a prominent
role in society as it does in other countries. Instead, ethnicity, language, and cultural
heritage play a vital role in shaping our identities. However, it's important to acknowledge
and respect the diversity and unique characteristics of each region and its people.

Main Presentation
[LAGRIMAS, Floralyn]

Bridging Cultures: The Key Principle of Effective Intercultural

Communication
Respecting cultural traditions, beliefs, and customs in your language and actions is
essential to show sensitivity and build positive relationships. For example, when visiting a
temple, it's important to remove your shoes as a sign of respect for the customs of that
religious space. This demonstrates your consideration for their cultural practices. Here in the
Philippines, when we visit our relatives, we do the “mano po gesture to show respect and
also saying po and opo”

This means that cultural sensitivities or taboos refer to specific words, topics, or
expressions that may be offensive, disrespectful, or inappropriate in other cultures. When
we say certain words, we should be aware of what is okay or not when we are traveling or
visiting a different country.

“For example, you are visiting Japan, and you brought up the topic of the World War ll without
considering
the historical event that had happened in Japan during that period “

We should ask and listen If you are unsure about what might be sensitive, it's perfectly
acceptable to ask someone from that culture for guidance

Also, avoid stereotyping:” Avoid making generalizations or assumptions about a culture.

Every culture
is diverse, and what may be sensitive to one individual may not be to another.”

“Let's consider the assumption that all people from the Middle East are the same and
they share identical customs, traditions, and beliefs. This stereotype would suggest that if
one Middle Eastern person has certain sensitivities or preferences, then everyone from the
region must feel the same way.
 In reality, the Middle East is incredibly diverse, comprising various countries with unique
cultures, languages, and traditions. What might be sensitive or offensive to one individual in,
say, Saudi Arabia may not be the same for someone from Lebanon or Jordan. Assuming that
all Middle Eastern people are the same is a stereotype that can lead to misunderstandings
and hinder meaningful cross-cultural interactions.”

Technically speaking, by being aware of and considerate of cultural sensitivities and

taboos, you can create more positive and respectful interactions with people from different
cultural backgrounds.

Inclusivity in language refers to the practice of selecting words and phrases that are
considerate of various cultural or social groups, and this aims to avoid marginalization or
discrimination. This promotes an environment of respect and understanding.

For Example, Instead of saying "mankind," which may exclude women, you can use
"humankind" to be more inclusive.

Avoiding stereotypes in language is crucial because it promotes fairness, equity, and

respect among different cultures and ethnicities. Stereotypes can perpetuate harmful biases
and misrepresentations.

Example: Instead of assuming that all individuals from a particular culture are skilled in a
certain profession, it's important to acknowledge their individual abilities and achievements
without making generalized statements like "All Asians are good at math."

Cultural competence is crucial for effective and respectful communication with

individuals from diverse backgrounds. It involves understanding the cultural nuances,
norms, and values of the people you interact with and adjusting your language and behavior
to accommodate their cultural context. For Example, When conducting a business
presentation to an international audience, cultural competence might involve researching
the preferred communication style, greetings, and etiquette in the host country, allowing
you to connect better with your audience and make a positive impression.

Imagine you're giving a business presentation in China. Cultural competence would

involve researching and understanding that in Chinese business settings, it's common to
exchange business cards with both hands as a sign of respect. You would then incorporate
this knowledge into your presentation by exchanging business cards in the same manner,
demonstrating cultural awareness, and making a positive impression on your Chinese
audience. Adaptability: Being open to learning and using culturally appropriate language
when interacting with diverse groups of people. -

Adaptability is essential in intercultural communication because it demonstrates a

willingness to respect and connect with diverse groups by adjusting your language to their
cultural preferences. It fosters inclusivity and effective interactions.

Example: When traveling to a foreign country, adaptability means learning basic greetings
and using them in the local language rather than expecting everyone to speak yours. This
simple effort shows respect for the local culture and can lead to more positive interactions.
For example, you ate in Japan. Being adaptable would involve learning and using basic
Japanese greetings like "Konnichiwa" (hello) and "Arigatou gozaimasu" (thank you) instead
of assuming that everyone there should understand and respond to your English greetings.
This effort to communicate in their language shows respect for the local culture and can lead
to more positive interactions with the people you encounter during your trip. In conclusion,
effective intercultural communication relies on several key principles, including the use of
culturally appropriate terms, sensitivity to cultural norms and taboos, inclusivity, avoidance
of stereotypes, cultural competence, and adaptability. These principles collectively
contribute to respectful, understanding, and positive interactions with individuals from
diverse cultural backgrounds. By embracing these principles, we can bridge cultural gaps,
promote inclusivity, and build meaningful relationships that foster cooperation and harmony
in our increasingly globalized world.

[MARES, Alvey Zephyr]

Culturally appropriate images and expressions in the Philippines and

how it represent Filipinos
In this discussion, I will give you some examples of culturally appropriate expressions
and images in the country of the Philippines.

Let's start with expressions

The Philippines is a country with a rich cultural heritage, and it is evident in the many
expressions and customs that are unique to the Filipino people. One of the most iconic
cultural practices is the Filipinos' reaction to their national anthem. When they hear it,
regardless of where they are or what they are doing, they immediately pause and stand at
attention. They face the Philippine flag if it is displayed, and if not, they face the band or the
conductor. With their right palms placed over their lab chests, they execute a salute that is a
symbol of their love and respect for their country.

Another fascinating cultural practice among Filipinos is the sign of the cross. Every
time they pass by a church, they make this gesture, which is a sign of devotion and
reverence to the Lord. This tradition is especially significant among Catholics, who believe
that the sign of the cross is a form of respect for the Eucharist contained in the Tabernacle
located within the church. This expression of faith and piety is a beautiful testament to the
deep religious culture that has shaped the Filipino people for generations.

The Philippines is a country that boasts a unique blend of cultures and traditions that
are deeply rooted in its history. One of the most fascinating images that represent the
country's rich cultural heritage is "Harana." Harana is a beautiful and romantic courtship
ritual that dates back to the early Spanish colonial period. It is a musical tradition that
involves men serenading women at night under their windows. The music is soothing and
enchanting, and it follows a specific style that has its own set of protocols and code of
conduct. The practice of Harana was widespread throughout the Philippines, and it was a
popular form of courtship during its time. Harana stands as a remarkable testament to the
Philippines' rich cultural heritage and traditions, and it continues to inspire artists and
musicians to this day.

The Philippine eagle, is a magnificent bird of prey that is endemic to the Philippines. It is
one of the largest and most powerful eagles in the world. Its majestic appearance and
impressive size have made it a revered and admired creature in the Philippines, where it is
considered a national symbol of strength,
courage, and freedom. The Philippine eagle's striking features, including its brown and white
plumage, sharp talons, and piercing eyes, are embedded in the hearts and minds of the
Filipino people, who see it as a representation of their own unique characteristics and
values.

[MASANGKAY, Tricia]

Gender-sensitive: a path to
quality
Gender sensitivity highlights and acknowledges the differences, inequalities, and issues.
It also gives consideration to discrimination about different rights, roles, and responsibilities
of men and women. It is a behavior that understands and accepts the differences between
genders.

Speaking of gender sensitivity, is the Philippines a country that is sensitive about gender?

According to the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report in the year
2021, the Philippines ranked 17 out of 156 countries.

Back on our topic, we are going to tackle Culturally Appropriate terms, expressions, and
images connected to gender sensitivity.

For the appropriate terms: we have pronouns and LGBTQ Identities

Pronouns like she/her, he/him, and they/them are if you commonly used pronouns
that refer to someone's gender. Aside from this, gender pronouns in Filipino, but instead of
using the widely used pronouns, the language that we use refers to a person, for example,
siya, niya, and kaniya.

This announces her appropriately used by Filipinos, especially when they are
communicating with another person that they do not know very well. We avoid the pronouns
duck you first to someone's gender to respect their identities. However, we can also ask the
person for permission or consent to ask them their preferred pronoun or identity, if ever.

LGBTQ identities/ gender identities are used by a member and a supporter of the
LGBTQ community. By acknowledging their identities, we are showing our support, respect,
and care for them to feel that they are lovable. Identities give them freedom to express
themselves more, and we as a person and as a country should accept them wholely. By
respectfully identifying them as lesbian, gay, or transgender, we serve as their advocates
and help them thrive.

Here, we have six examples of sexual and gender identity terms to know.
1) lesbian - a woman who is attracted emotionally and/or physically to other women.
2) gay - a person who is attracted emotionally and/or physically to someone of the same
gender.
3) bisexual - is attracted to both men and women.
4) transgender - a person whose gender identity and/or gender expression do not match
their assigned sex at birth.
5) pansexual - a person who is attracted to or has the potential to be attracted to people of
any gender or gender identity.
6) homophobia - the fear or dislike of someone based on prejudice or negative attitudes,
beliefs, or views about the LGBTQ community.

Now, we will proceed to the appropriate expressions

We will encounter here the expressions that we have as a gender-sensitive country.

The first one is a chat; we are now open-minded, we accept all gender identities, and as we
opened our minds, we also started to open the doors of our closed hearts when it comes to
the LGBTQ community. Companies are now accepting LGBTQ employees, and they are
openly celebrating some special occasions with them.

As we open our minds, we start to learn how to be respectful. We respected their

opinions, beliefs, ideas, existence, and their personal space.

We also started to study about gender issues. Gender issues include all aspects and
concerns related to women's and men's leaves and situation in society lives and situations in
society. As we understand gender issues, we now accept the fact that even if you are a man,
a woman, or even a part of the LGBTQ community, you are now treated equally.

An example of this is our All Genders comfort room located at the Gusaling Villegas of
our own pamantasan. Before comfort rooms for the LGBTQ community were a big issue,
even the big TV programs reported about this nationwide. But now, we can see that a lot of
establishments open a comfort room for all genders for them to feel that they are accepted
in this country.

We Filipinos know how to appreciate a person, whoever or whatever they are. As time
flowed by, we started to grow as a person and as a country that openly supports our beloved
LGBTQ members.

[MENDOZA, Aivrian]

Class and Hierarchy Leveling: Advancing Equitable Communication and

Inclusion
We probably know that class matters.

Not only because you're a student of sociology but because you're a person who lives

in a society. But do you know how much it matters?

Social class is a complex social construct that significantly influences various

dimensions of an individual's life. It can shape one's access to education, shape one's beliefs
and values, determine one's occupation and income, and even impact how one lives and
dies. The power of social class can be seen across multiple aspects of life, ranging from
opportunities available to an individual to their social status and the communities they
belong to.

So, let's talk about how class plays out in the lives of Filipinos today and Its implications on
our way of communication.
 In the Philippines, there are three primary social classes: the low-income class, the
middle- income class, and the high-income class.

The existence of these social classes gives rise to subtle differences and complexities in
communication, contributing to communication barriers between individuals belonging to
different classes.

It appears that individuals belonging to the high-income strata in the Philippines are
more likely to have received a quality education than their low-income counterparts. This
discrepancy can be attributed to financial constraints, which impose limitations on the
educational opportunities available to the latter group. As a result, this disparity in
educational attainment has a significant impact on the individual's worldview, which is
primarily shaped by the social and cultural scene they are exposed to.

Imagine that you are a highly skilled doctor with a deep knowledge of the health
issues affecting your community. One day, you are given an important task - to deliver a
public speech in your barangay aimed at raising awareness about these health issues. This
is an opportunity to share your expertise with the wider community and to help people
understand the importance of taking care of their health.

However, before you can deliver your speech, you need to do some careful planning.
The first step is to identify your audience - in this case, the ordinary people in the area. This
is important because it will help you to tailor your message to their needs and interests.

When you deliver your speech, it's important to keep in mind that your audience may
not have the same level of medical knowledge as you do. Therefore, it's crucial to avoid
using jargon, which can be confusing and difficult to understand. Instead, aim to
communicate your message clearly and effectively, using simple language that everyone
can understand. This way, you can ensure that your speech has the maximum impact and
that your audience comes away with a deeper understanding of the health issues affecting
their community.

In the Philippines, social hierarchy plays a significant role in everyday interactions.

This hierarchical structure is determined by two fundamental factors - age and social status.
Filipinos are instilled with the importance of this social hierarchy from a very young age. As
a result, gestures, communication styles, and terms of address vary according to the
relative positions of individuals in the hierarchy. The social hierarchy in the Philippines is an
integral part of the country's culture and norms.

In Filipino culture, showing respect for elders is of utmost importance. One way to
demonstrate this is by using appropriate titles when addressing them. For instance, males
are typically addressed as "mang" or "kuya," while females are called "ale" or "ate." These
terms denote a clear hierarchy, and failure to use them could result in being seen as
disrespectful or rude. Therefore, it is crucial to use the appropriate titles when addressing
someone who is older than you in Filipino culture.

Through our discussion on the impact of social class and social hierarchy on our
communication, I have gained a deeper understanding of the importance of being flexible
and adaptable in our approach to different social situations. It is essential to consider the
person we are communicating with and what our intended outcome is in order to ensure a
productive and meaningful conversation. Our social background and upbringing greatly
influence our perspectives and understanding, which is why it is crucial to be aware of these
differences. By doing so, we can foster better communication and avoid potential conflicts or
misunderstandings.
[MERCADO, Samantha Lei]

Navigating Cultural Sensitivity in the Philippines: A discussion on

Appropriate depictions of race
Now let's proceed to cultural appropriate race in the Philippines:

Race is basically a concept that has been historically used to categorize humanity
into distinct groups based on certain biological characteristics. These groupings were
thought to have a foundation in biology, whether it be through Aristotelian essences or a
modern understanding of genes.

According to the concept of race, individuals within a race are believed to share
common physical features, such as skin color or hair texture, and it is assumed that these
physical characteristics are indicative of other inherent attributes or behaviors.
However, it is important to note that the concept of race is socially constructed. Dominant
groups in society have shaped and defined racial categories to maintain systems of power,
which has resulted in racial inequalities and injustices

The Philippines, known for its rich cultural heritage, boasts a diverse population
comprising various ethnic groups and indigenous communities. Recognizing and embracing
the culturally appropriate races in the Philippines is essential for promoting inclusivity,
understanding, and respect. In this discussion, we will explore some of the key ethnicities
and indigenous groups and delve into their unique traditions, languages, and customs.

To apply the Culturally Appropriate race in the Philippines

1. Indigenous Communities: The Philippines is home to several indigenous communities,

each with its distinct cultural practices and traditions.

One example is the Aeta people, who primarily inhabit the mountainous regions of Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao.

The Aeta have a deep connection to nature and lead a semi-nomadic lifestyle.
Respecting their identity, acknowledging their history, and recognizing their cultural
heritage are essential when interacting with the Aeta.

Another indigenous group is the Igorot people, consisting of several ethnic groups in
the Cordillera region of northern Luzon.

The Igorots are known for their intricate weaving, terraced rice fields, and unique
burial practices. Understanding their customs, such as their reverence for ancestors and
traditional rituals, is crucial in communicating respectfully with the Igorot community.

2. Ethnic Groups: Aside from the indigenous communities, the Philippines has a vibrant mix
of ethnic groups scattered across its various regions.
 The Bicolano people, for instance, hail from the Bicol region in the southern part of
Luzon. They are known for their spicy cuisine, devotion to the Virgin of Peñafrancia, and the
Pantomina dance. Understanding their regional nuances and practices contributes to
respectful communication with Bicolanos.

The Ilocanos, originating from the Ilocos region, boast a rich cultural heritage. Their
distinctive cuisine, strong sense of frugality, and weaving traditions reflect their identity. It is
crucial to appreciate and respect their rituals, such as "pakbet" or the Ilocano style of
cooking mixed vegetables, when engaging with the Ilocano community.

The Kapampangan people, located in the central part of Luzon, have a strong
culinary tradition and are known for their delectable dishes. Embracing their love for food
and recognizing their regional contributions enhances cultural sensitivity when
communicating with Kapampangans.

3. Muslim Communities: In the southern regions of the Philippines, the Moro people primarily
reside. This culturally appropriate race consists of several indigenous Muslim groups,
including the Maguindanao, Maranao, and Tausug. Understanding and respecting their
religious beliefs and practices, such as Ramadan and Islamic traditions, promotes cultural
appreciation and sensitivity when interacting with the Moro community.

It is important to note that these examples merely scratch the surface of the cultural
diversity present in the Philippines. Other ethnic groups, such as the Bicolano, Ilocano,
Kapampangan, Cebuano, and many more, all contribute to the vibrant tapestry of cultures
within the country. Being culturally sensitive and appreciating the diversity of races and
ethnicities in the Philippines helps to build stronger connections, promote inclusivity, and
avoid perpetuating stereotypes or biases. Ultimately, recognizing and embracing the
culturally appropriate races in the Philippines allows for more meaningful and respectful
interactions with individuals from different backgrounds.

Recognizing and embracing the culturally appropriate races in the Philippines fosters
inclusivity, respect, and understanding. From indigenous communities like the Aeta and
Igorots to various ethnic groups such as the Bicolanos, Ilocanos, and Kapampangans, each
race contributes to the vibrant tapestry of Filipino culture. Additionally, acknowledging and
respecting the Muslim communities, collectively known as the Moros, is crucial for fostering
meaningful interactions.

By appreciating and understanding these cultures, we can build stronger connections,

avoid stereotypes and biases, and strengthen the fabric of our diverse society. It is through
culturally appropriate communication and appreciation that we can embrace the unique
heritage of the Philippines and promote a more harmonious and inclusive society for all.

Implication of Communication in the Philippines

In terms of Communication in the Philippines

The implications discussed in the webinar about culturally appropriate race in the Philippines
highlight the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences within the
country. It is by:

 Recognizing the diversity of languages, dialects, and non-verbal communication,

individuals can bridge communication gaps and foster better understanding.
  Acknowledging the sensitivity and respect needed in intercultural communication is
crucial for building stronger relationships.
 Being aware of cultural nuances and avoiding stereotypes ensures that communication
is respectful, inclusive, and effective.
 Understanding the implications in communication enables individuals to embrace
diversity and approach interactions with greater empathy and cultural sensitivity. This
not only strengthens connection and collaboration but also fosters a more inclusive
society.
 By appreciating and valuing the cultural heritage of each ethnic group, we can build a
more harmonious and united Philippines.
 Recognizing social class differences is crucial in ensuring that communication is
respectful and inclusive. Avoiding language or images that perpetuate class
stereotypes or marginalize individuals based on their social class is essential for
fostering understanding and empathy.

Closing
As our webinar comes to a close, we hope you've gained a deeper understanding of
culturally appropriate race and communication in the Philippines. Remember, while race
may not be a dominant factor, respecting and embracing cultural diversity enriches our
society.