Lecture 05

Basis of Dynamic Meteorology

MET 220
Review of fundamentals of winds and vector operations

• Wind vector/components in Cartesian space ‫• عناصر الرياح في االحداثي الكارتيزي‬

• Gradient of scalar or vector ‫• التدرج القياسي او المتجه‬
• Dot product of 2 vectors ‫• الضرب القياسي لمتجهين‬
• Divergence of 2 vectors ‫ماهي عناصر الرياح؟؟‬ ‫• نظرية التباعد لمتجهين‬
• Cross product of 2 vectors ‫• الضرب االتجاهي لمتجهين‬
‫‪Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:‬‬
‫تمرين‬

‫‪y-axis‬‬
‫ماهو نوع هذا االحداثي؟‬

‫‪-x‬‬

‫في نفس الغرفة الدراسية‪ ,‬حدد االحداثيات االفقية لهذه الغرفة؟‬

‫‪-y‬‬
‫‪Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:‬‬
‫تمرين‬

‫هل باالمكان ان نتعامل مع كتلة من الهواء كتعاملنا مع الغرفة الدراسية؟‬

Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:

(p) (Ɵ) (g) z

y

x
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:

Wind component= w
Wind component= v
(p) (Ɵ) (g) z
y
‫ماهي متجهات الوحدة لمحاور‬
‫االحداثيات الكارتيزية؟‬

x Wind component= u
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:

Wind component= w
Wind component= v
(p) (Ɵ) (g) z
k y
j

x Wind component= u
i
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:

The three-dimensional wind vector in Cartesian coordinate is:

𝑉 = 𝑢Ԧ𝑖 + 𝑣Ԧ𝑗 + 𝑤𝑘
‫اذكر عناصر الرياح بالنسبة للمتجهات؟‬
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:

The three-dimensional wind vector in Cartesian coordinate is:

𝑉 = 𝑢Ԧ𝑖 + 𝑣Ԧ𝑗 + 𝑤𝑘
𝐷𝑥 𝐷𝑧
𝑢= 𝐷𝑦 𝑤=
𝐷𝑡 𝑣= 𝐷𝑡
𝐷𝑡
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
‫ اذكر‬,‫بالنسبة لالتجاهات االصلية‬
‫مسمى الرياح؟‬

West East (x)

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)

West East (x)

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)

Ɵ Ɵ
West Ɵ Ɵ
East (x)

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
Ɵ Mathematical 90°

Ɵ Ɵ 0°
180°
West Ɵ Ɵ 360°
East (x)

270°

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
Ɵ Meteorological 360°
90°

270° Ɵ Ɵ 0°
180°
West Ɵ Ɵ 360° 90°
East (x)

270°

180°

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
Ɵ Meteorological 360°
90°
* We speak of winds in terms of the direction they are coming from
* South winds? North winds?

270° Ɵ Ɵ 0°
180°
West Ɵ Ɵ 360° 90°
East (x)

270°

180°

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
Ɵ Meteorological * We speak of winds in terms of the direction they are coming from
* South winds? North winds?

West East (x)

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
Ɵ Meteorological * We speak of winds in terms of the direction they are coming from
* South winds? North winds?

West East (x)

The way winds are reported in the raw

observations is for a south wind to be 180°, an
South east wind to be 90°.
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
Ɵ Mathematical
90°

180° Ɵ Ɵ 0°
West Ɵ Ɵ 360° East (x)

270°

South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y)
Ɵ Mathematical 360°

90°
Ɵ Meteorological
270° 180° Ɵ Ɵ 0°
West Ɵ Ɵ 360° 90°
East (x)

270°

180°

South
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y) From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Mathematical 360° Mathematical", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
°
90
Ɵ Meteorological Meteorological
270° 180° Ɵ Ɵ 0°
West Ɵ Ɵ 360° 90°
East (x)

270°

180°

South
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y) From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Mathematical 360° Mathematical", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
°
90
Ɵ Meteorological Meteorological
270° 180° Ɵ Ɵ 0°
West Ɵ Ɵ 360° 90°
East (x)

From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
270° Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
180° Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
Ɵ Mathematical
South
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y) From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Mathematical Mathematical", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological Meteorological

West East (x)

From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
Ɵ Mathematical
South
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y) From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Mathematical Mathematical", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological Meteorological

West East (x)

From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
Ɵ Mathematical
South
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y) From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Mathematical Mathematical", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological Meteorological

West East (x)

From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
Ɵ Mathematical
South
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y) From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Mathematical Mathematical", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological Meteorological

West East (x)

From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
𝑉 =?? Ɵ Mathematical
South
 Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
North (y) From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Mathematical Mathematical", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological Meteorological

West East (x)

From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
South
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Nort From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ

Ɵ h (y) Mathematical", we use this formula (in

degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem Meteorological
atical What
Meteorol are the u and v components of a
We with a meteorological direction
wind Easof
ogical st 320 and a speed of 10 m/s?t (x)
From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Ɵ Mathematicalh= (y)
° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ Meteorological
degrees):
°
°
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 -Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem °
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎 )+𝟑𝟔𝟎 =𝟑𝟏𝟎°

Converting from degrees to radians:

°
Meteorological
atical
Meteorol We
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟏𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.41 radians Eas
ogical st ws = 10 𝒎Τ
𝒔
u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 From𝒎
t (x)
Τ𝒔 "Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒎Τ
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕Meteorological
𝒔 ", we use this formula (in
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is adegrees):
northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
and a negative (north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Ɵ Mathematicalh= (y)
° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ Meteorological
degrees):
°
°
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 -Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem °
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎 )+𝟑𝟔𝟎 =𝟑𝟏𝟎°

Converting from degrees to radians:

°
Meteorological
atical
Meteorol We
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟏𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.41 radians Eas
ogical st ws = 10 𝒎Τ
𝒔
u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 From𝒎
t (x)
Τ𝒔 "Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒎Τ
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕Meteorological
𝒔 ", we use this formula (in
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is adegrees):
northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
and a negative (north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Ɵ Mathematicalh= (y)
° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ Meteorological
degrees):
°
°
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 -Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem °
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎 )+𝟑𝟔𝟎 =𝟑𝟏𝟎°

Converting from degrees to radians:

°
Meteorological
atical
Meteorol We
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟏𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.41 radians Eas
ogical st ws = 10 𝒎Τ
𝒔
u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 From𝒎
t (x)
Τ𝒔 "Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒎Τ
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕Meteorological
𝒔 ", we use this formula (in
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is adegrees):
northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
and a negative (north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Ɵ Mathematicalh= (y)
° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ Meteorological
degrees):
°
°
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 -Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem °
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎 )+𝟑𝟔𝟎 =𝟑𝟏𝟎°

Converting from degrees to radians:

°
Meteorological
atical
Meteorol We
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟏𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.41 radians Eas
ogical st ws = 10 𝒎Τ
𝒔
u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 From𝒎
t (x)
Τ𝒔 "Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒎Τ
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕Meteorological
𝒔 ", we use this formula (in
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is adegrees):
northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
and a negative (north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Ɵ Mathematicalh= (y)
° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ Meteorological
degrees):
°
°
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 -Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem °
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎 )+𝟑𝟔𝟎 =𝟑𝟏𝟎°

Converting from degrees to radians:

°
Meteorological
atical
Meteorol We
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟏𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.41 radians Eas
ogical st ws = 10 𝒎Τ
𝒔
u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 From𝒎
t (x)
Τ𝒔 "Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒎Τ
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕Meteorological
𝒔 ", we use this formula (in
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is adegrees):
northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
and a negative (north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Ɵ Mathematicalh= (y)
° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ Meteorological
degrees):
°
°
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 -Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem °
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎 )+𝟑𝟔𝟎 =𝟑𝟏𝟎°

Converting from degrees to radians:

°
Meteorological
atical
Meteorol We
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟐𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.582 radians Eas
ogical st ws = 10 𝒎Τ
𝒔
u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 From𝒎
t (x)
Τ𝒔 "Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒎Τ
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕Meteorological
𝒔 ", we use this formula (in
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is adegrees):
northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
and a negative (north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Ɵ Mathematicalh= (y)
° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ Meteorological
degrees):
°
°
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 -Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem °
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎 )+𝟑𝟔𝟎 =𝟑𝟏𝟎°

Converting from degrees to radians:

°
Meteorological
atical
Meteorol We
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟑𝟐𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.58 radians Eas
ogical st ws = 10 𝒎Τ
𝒔
u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟓𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 From𝒎
t (x)
Τ𝒔 "Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒎Τ
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟓𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕Meteorological
𝒔 ", we use this formula (in
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is adegrees):
northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
and a negative (north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut
Wind vector/components in Cartesian space:
Wind speed (ws) = 10 𝒎Τ𝒔
Nort ° = 𝟑𝟐𝟎° From "Ɵ Meteorological" to "Ɵ
Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - Ɵ Meteorological
Ɵ h (y) ° °
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 - 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = −𝟓𝟎
Mathematical", we use this formula (in
°
degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical
The Ɵ Mathematical is (−𝟓𝟎° )+𝟑𝟔𝟎° =𝟑𝟏𝟎 ° = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem Converting from degrees to radians: Meteorological
𝟏° = πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
atical
Meteorol
We 𝟑𝟐𝟎° x πΤ𝟏𝟖𝟎=5.58 radians
Eas
𝒎
ws = 10 𝒔Τ
ogical st u = 1𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓. 𝟓𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒 𝒎tΤ𝒔(x)
v = 1𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓. 𝟓𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = −𝟕. 𝟕From 𝒎Τ"Ɵ Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
𝒔
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Does this make sense? Yes. A wind at 320 is a northwest
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
wind that should have a positive (west) wind component
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 and a negativeSo
(north) wind component Ɵ Mathematical

ut
Homework:
Nort From "Ɵ
Meteorological" to "Ɵ

Ɵ h (y) Mathematical", we use this formula (in

degrees):
Ɵ Mathematical = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° - Ɵ
Ɵ
Mathem Meteorological
atical What
Meteorol are the u and v components of a
We with a meteorological direction
wind Easof
ogical st 150 and a speed of 18 m/s?t (x)
From "Ɵ
Mathematical“ to "Ɵ
Meteorological", we use this formula (in
degrees):
Ɵ Meteorological = 𝟐𝟕𝟎° -
Ɵ Mathematical
𝑽 = 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐
So
ut