ALL THIS YEAR MOCK

RUMMERS FROM CHITIPA TO SANJE

AGRICULTURE
PRACTICAL

Sir GODFREY MALATA CHIPASULA SEC.SCHOOLFOR MORE 099297 2544 WHATSUP

Many thanks my brother john malata from kawale
sec.school, my mom and big bro Law-rent MALATA
Management of CHIPASULA sec.school.

SIR GODFREY MADAM RITA

FROM FROM EGYPT

CHIPASULA SECONDARY SCHOOL

FOR MORE 099297 2544 WHATSUP

Sir GODFREY MALATA CHIPASULA SEC.SCHOOLFOR MORE 099297 2544 WHATSUP

1. You are provided with five different planting

Materials
P (Cassava stem),
Q (Bean seed),
R (Irish potatoes)
S (onion)
a) Identify the samples P,Q,R, and S
 P is a cassava stem
 Q is a bean seed
 R is called Irish potato (or European potato)
 S is onion
b) Which of the four planting materials are propagated by a sexual means and which ones are
propagated by sexual means? I. Asexually propagated are:  Cassava stem (P)  European
potato (R) II. Sexually propagated are:
 Bean seed (Q)
 Onion (S)
c) Give any four advantages of propagation by vegetative means
 Yields are obtained easier and faster than seed propagated plants because vegetative
propagation eliminates the problems of dormancy and reduces the juvenile period of
plants.
 Seedless crops such as bananas can be produced easily through vegetative propagation.
 Cross-based plants can be maintained in heterozygous condition indefinitely.
 Pollination agents, which can fail to perform successfully, are not required.
 The hazard of fertilization are avoided
 The offspring are true to type because there is no mixture of hereditary characteristics.
 By budding and grafting it is easy to achieve all sorts of combination, e.g. different
varieties of citrus, such as oranges and tangerines can be made to grow on a single stock.

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d) State any one characteristic of a good planting material.
 Should be pure to type
e) What are any four advantages of propagation by seed?
 It is a sure method of crop improvement since cross-pollination results in variability.
 Self-pollination results in offspring, which help in production of pure lines for certain
characters.
 It is a cheap method of propagation.
 Seed embryo remains more viable than buds when stored.
 Seeds are more easily transported to different areas
 Self-pollination gives rise to offspring, which are like the parents.

f) Draw and label any two parts of the sample P

g) Calculate the plant population per hectare of specimen Q which is planted on a 1 ha land, with
ridges spaced 90cm apart, planting two seed per station and planting at 15 cm apart.
2. You are provided with
specimen (onion).
a. Name the specimen O
 Sample O is onion
b. Draw and clearly label any three parts of specimen O
c. Name the planting material used for propagating O.
 It is a bulb
d. What are two advantages of propagating using the method mentioned in (C) above?
 Pollination agents, which may fail to perform successfully, are not needed.
 The offspring are true to type for there is no mixture of hereditary characteristics
e. Mention four types of grafting.
 Whip or tongue grafting
 Cleft grafting
 Bark grafting
 Approach grafting
 Notch grafting
 Side grafting
f. Give any five reasons for carrying grafting in plants.

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  Helps to propagate clones that cannot be propagated by other means.
 Facilitates the changing of the top of the tree from being undesirable to desirable.
 Grafting helps one to obtain special plant forms, e.g. tree roses.
 Grafting maybe employed to repair damaged trees.
 Makes the growing of more than one type of flowers or fruits on one tree or plant
possible.
3. You are provided with specimen
• x (an onion)
• Y (a banana fruit).
a. Name the specimen X.
 X is an onion
b. Draw and label any three external parts that you see on the specimen.
i. Take the specimen X you are provided with and cut it with a knife longitudinally. Draw
and label any two internal parts that you see.
ii. What type of propagation is common in specimen X?
 Vegetative propagation iii. Mention any two advantages of the type of
propagation you have given in (ii) above
 Pollination agents, which may fail to perform successfully, are not needed. The
offspring are true to type for there is no mixture of hereditary characteristics.
i. Name the specimen Y.
 Y is a banana fruit.
ii. Draw and label any two external parts of specimen Y.
iii. Take the specimen Y provided and cut it with a knife or razer blade longitudinally. Draw
and label any two internal parts that you can see.
i. What type of propagation is common in specimen Y?
 vegetative propagation ii. Mention two other plants or crops that can propagate like
specimen Y.
 pineapple
 sweet potatoes
c. What name is given to asexual reproduction in flowering plants?
 It is called vegetative reproduction
4. You are provided with specimen
 S (bean seed)

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 a. Identify the specimen S
 Bean seeds
b. Draw the specimen as you see it
c. On your diagram label four important parts for growth
d. State any two functions of any one party you have labeled.
 Micropyle : as mall hole near hilum
 It is the place where most of the water is absorbed before
germination
 A tiny whole which allows air to pass through for respiration of the
embryo
e. What is germination?
 The process by which seeds begin to develop into new plants
f. Mention four conditions necessary for germination to take place.
 Viable seeds
 Water/moisture
 Oxygen/air
 Suitable temperature
g. Describe the two main types of germination that you know.
 Hypogeal germination: where cotyledon remain below ground throughout
the stages of the germination. e.g.in maize
 Apogeal germination: in which cotyledons are lifted above the first leaves
of the newly emerg
5. You are provided with the following labeled specimens. Use them to answer
questions that follow.

 M (bean flour/bean meal) 

N (elephant grass).
a. Identify the classes of the livestock feed
• M-concentrate
• N-roughage

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i. Which specimen is suitable for ruminants? 
N-roughage/elephant grass ii. Give a reason for your
answer
 Able to digest cellulose
b.
i. Which group of specimen can be fed to beef cattle three weeks before
slaughtering?
 M-bean flour ii. Give
areas on for your answer
 Because it is rich in
proteins and used for body building
muscles /fresh/meat
c. State three reasons for feeding livestock with specimens
 For maintenance of their bodies
 For production
 For production of products such as, eggs and milk
6. You are provided with the following specimens.
• K ( Bidens pilosa i.e Black jack)
• L (Cynodon, dactylon i.e Star grass or Cough grass)
• V (Cypress distans)
• W ( Oryza longstaminata i.e mpungadziwe)
a. Identify K, L, V and W
 K ( Bidens pilosa i.e Black jack)
 L (Cynodon, dactylon i.e Star grass or Cough grass)
 V (Cypress distans)
 W ( Oryza longstaminata i.e mpungadziwe)
b.
i. What letter stand for annual weed?
 K ii. Mention four methods of seed dispersal.
 Animal dispersal
 Wind dispersal
 Explosive mechanism

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  Water dispersal
c. Mention any four uses of weeds
 Weeds are human food e.g Amarathus hybridus
 Weeds are feed and shelter for animals
 Weeds are source of drugs, for many weeds contain alkaloids and chemicals that
are effective medicine and are required for public healthy.
 Weeds are used in agriculture to provide ground cover, which protect soil from
erosion by rain and also add organic matter to the soil leading to improved soil
structure.
d. Describe three true acquatic weeds that you know.
 Floating hydrophytes: if they are in contact with water and air only e.g water
lettuce.
 Emergent hydrophytes: if they are in contact with substrate water and air e.g
white water lily.
 Submergrd hydrophytes: if they root in substrate but do not emerge above the
water e.g water weed.
e. Classify the four weeds into broad or narrow leaved
 Black jack –narrowed leaved
 Oryza longistaminata- narrowed leaved
 Cynodon dactylon- narrowed leaved

7. You are provided with animal product labeled

M (milk)

a. Identify the product

 It is milk
b. Mention any three by-products which can be produced from product M.
 Cheese
 Butter
 water
c. Name any three farm animals which supply product M
 Cow
 Goat
 Horse

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 d. Explain any two nutritional values of specimen M in the human body.
 Provide proteins for body building and growth
 Provide carbohydrates for generation of energy in the body.
e. Explain any three ways in which the quality of product M may be improved.
 Feeding the animal a lot of concentrates
 Stall feed the animal to restrict movement and reduce energy loss.
 Include pasture legume in the feed so as to increase the supply of protein
f. Describe any three ways in which a farmer may stimulate the product M
 Using conditioned reflex by taking the animal for milking under some
environment each milking time
 Rubbing teats on animal’s udder with a clean piece of cloth dipped in warm water.
8. You are provided with specimen labeled
L (nsenjere or star grass)

a. Identify the labeled specimen

 It is elephant grass, napier grassor star grass
b. To which group of livestock feeds does this specimen belong.
 It is Roughage
c. State any two characteristics of feeds which belong to the group mentioned above.
 It is high in fibre content
 It supplies fewer nutrients per unit mass
d. Explain any two advantages of growing specimen L together with Leucaena.
 It inreases total biomass in the feed which satisfy hunger in the animal.
 It provide the much needed fibre which help in peristalsis
e. Give two examples of pasture which can be used in a tobacco rotation to control cell
worms.
 Katambora grass
 Emalo love grass
9. A farmer has 10 hectares and has a choice of growing either more maize or
ground nuts. The following information is available for use in decision
making.

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a. Calculate variable cost per hectare for maize, ground nuts and beans.

 Variable cost for maize

K500 + 2400 = K2900

 Variable cost for G/nuts

= K1200

 Variable cost for beans

K1000 + K2000 = K3000

b. Which crop between maize and ground nuts would a farmer be encouraged to increase
hectares? Show your calculations.

 Maize

= K30 X 6 000 – (K2 900 + K500)

= K180 000- K3 400

= K176 600

c. If the farmer wanted to substitute beans for ground nuts, what advice would you
provide? Show your working.

 Profit from beans in comparison to that of ground nuts

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 = K40 X 6 000 – (K3 000 + K500)

= K240 000 – K3 500

= K236 500

The farmer has to be advised not to do the substitution since growing ground nuts
is more profitable than growing beans

d. Explain one reason for considering depreciation when calculating profit.

 It assist farmers in calculating profit where it is used as fixed cost

e. What two important variables cost may have been forgotten in the data?
 Cost for pesticide

 Cost for casual labour`

10.You are provided with specimen G, (which is a groundnut seed)

a. Draw and label any two external parts of the specimen G

b. Remove the testa (seed coat) and divide the specimen G into two parts.

Draw clearly the divided G and label any three internal parts.

c. Explain any one function of the two external parts labelled in (a)

d. Mention one function of the three internal parts labelled (b).

11.You provided with five samples

• G (grass pastures)

• L (legume pasture)

• F ( Crushed or fish meal)

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 • S (common salt or NaCl/sodium chloride)

• M (mgaiwa or maize meal) which can be used as feed for animals.

a. Identify the samples of pastures G, L, F, S and M.

• G (grass pastures)

• L (legume pasture)

• F ( Crushed or fish meal)

• S (common salt or NaCl/sodium chloride)

• M (mgaiwa or maize meal

b. Which of the five sample would be most suitable for grazing?

 The most suitable is the legume pasture

c. Give a reason for your answer in (b) above

 The legume is very nutritious, for it contains a lot of nutrients such sa

protein and animals will only graze on plants.

d. In what one way would maturity of sample G affect the quality of the feed?

 The maturity of G (grass pature) would result in having a lot of fibre

therefore lowering its digestable.

e. Explain one best way of conserving sample L.

 Conserve in the form of silage.

f. Mention three importance of drying crops.

 Prevents germination of seeds

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  Retains maximum quality in the grain or forage by preventing
deterioration

 Reduces moisture content in order to prevent microbial infestation

and insect attack.
g. Give four reasons why crop storage aeration is necessary.

 Lower grain temperature

 Equalize temperature through the bulk of the produce.

 Remove unpleasant orders odors and fumigants.

 Reduce moisture content slightly in the storage. h.

i. Mention any four reasons for giving S to layers

 S (NaCl) is beneficial in counteracting cannibalism and feather

picking

 S (NaCl) improves the growth of the layers

 S (NaCl) improves eggproduction

 S (NaCl) improves appetite to layers for them to eat more food

and be healthy.

ii. State two reasons for giving a small amount of sample F to layers

 Fish meal or crushed fish provides calcium, phosphorus, protein,

and calciferol for strong egg shells.

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  Fish meal or crushed fish provide appetite for layers to eat more
food and lay many eggs

iii. State any three reasons for feeding layers green vegetables apart from
providing sample S.

 Green vegetable provide calcium to avoid rickets

 Green vegetable contain calcium to avoid rubbery beaks of

layers

 They contain calcium for avoiding soft egg shells and drop in egg
production

i. Explain one problem that layers feeding only on M would develop.

 They would have weak bones and egg formation since M mainly
provides energy (carbohydrates) and no calcium. Mgaiwa
contains mainly carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and proteins. i.e a
energy concentrates.

ii. How can the problem in (i) above be corrected?

 Provide the chickens with protein concentrates to give amino

acids for growth, e.g legume grains and their by product, meat,
fish meal, minerals and vitamins

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12. Study the specimen and carefully and answer the following questions

• R (maize seed) and

• T (groundnut seed)

a. identify each of the specimens provided

 R (maize seed)

 T (groundnut seed)

b. Name three varieties of specimen T

 Chalimbana

 Mani pinta
 RG 1

c. Which of the specimen provided would be more suitable for improving the
productivity of sand soils?

 It is specimen T (ground nuts)

d. Give two reasons for your answer in c (i) above.

 T, which is ground nuts. It is able to fix nitrogen in the sandy soils for it
has nodules, which with the help of bacteria, are able to fix nitrogen.

e. With five examples each, mention two groups of improved maize varieties
found in Malawi

 Composite maize : CCA, CCC, CCD, UCA AND TUXPENO

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  Hybrid Maize : MH12, NSCM 41, MH18,MH17 and SC 307.

13.You are provided with samples X and Y ( two tomatoes)

a. Name any four varieties of tomatoes

 Roma VF

 Marglobe

 Homestead

 Money maker

b. Mention any two diseases of tomatoes and their causes

 Bacteria wilt caused by abacteria

 Leaf blight caused by a fungi

c. Draw and label any two external parts of sample X (tomato) provided

d. Cut the tomato with razor blade transversely. Draw and label any four parts
of the cut sample X (tomato)

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 e. Cut sample Y (another tomato) provided with a razor blade longitudinally.
Draw and label any four parts of the tomato that you have cut.

14.You are provided with the specimens M and N, use them to answer questions
that follows.

• M = Maize

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 • N = Cassava

a. Identify the specimen M and N

 M = Maize

 N = Cassava

b. State any two processing activities through which specimens M and N

undergo in readiness for storage.

 Maize seed are sun-dried for storage

 Cassava is peeled and sun died for storage

c. Explain any two conditions which are required in the storage of specimen M.
 It must be dry to prevent formation of molds

 It must be clean to avoid multiplication of pest

d. Explain any two ways in which specimen N is important in terms of food

security

 It can be processed into cassava flour for home use as food.

 It can be used while flesh by boiling it for food.

e. i. State the nutritive value of specimen N.

 carbohydrates

f. Give any two products obtained from processing specimen N.

 Cassava flour

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  Starch

15. You are provided with five different planting materials

• P (sugarcane stern),

• Q (maize seed)

• R (sweet potato vine)

• S (mango fruit)

• T (pumpkin seed)

a. Identify the samples P, Q, R, S and T.

• P (sugarcane stern),

• Q (maize seed)

• R (sweet potato vine)

• S (mango fruit)

• T (pumpkin seed)

b. Mention any one characteristics of good planting material.

 It must be viable

c. Which of the five planting materials are propagated by seed?

 Maize seed

 Mango fruit

 Pumpkin seed

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 d. Give any two advantages of propagated by seed.

 Seeds are relatively cheap

 Seeds produce offspring that are different from their parents, leading
into having some offspring containing better characteristics than the
parents

e. Give any two disadvantages of propagated by seed.

 It requires a well prepared seed bed on which to sow the seed

 It requires a long juvenile period before it starts producing

f. Draw and label any three parts of the sample P

g. Calculate the plant population of specimen Q which is plant on 90cm apart

ridges, planting three seeds per station and planting at 0.9m apart. The area
to be planted is 1 ha.

16.You are provided with two specimens labelled

• X (mpiru)
• Y (tomato fruit).

a. Identify the specimens labeled X and Y.

b. i. Cut specimen Y longitudinally. Draw and label any three parts.

c. Mention one function of each of the parts labeled in question b (i).

d. (c) i. Explain the main problem of marketing the specimen labeled X and Y
design a four year crop rotation for this farmer.

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 e. Explain the importance of including peas in the rotation in question c (i)

f. (d) i. Explain the main problem of marketing labeled X and Y

g. Explain any solution to the problem in question d (i)

17.You are provided with samples (elephant grass) and Z (lime)

a. identify the three samples

b. Among the three samples which one has the greatest energy value?

c. Name the sample that can be an additive feed to chickens that lay eggs.

d. List two other additive feeds that can be supplied to chickens apart from the
one mentioned (c) above.

e. Mrs Kanchere plans to graze her twelve cattle on a 1.5 hectare of star grass.
However during the wet season there is usually more grass than the number
of animals that can feed on them.

f. If you were a farmer what would you do in this situation?

g. State any five reasons for your answer in (i) above.

h. Explain any two ways in which seasonal production of star grass affects its
quality and quantity.

i. (f) What four factors should be considered.

AGRICULTURE ESSAY

1. Describe any five types of soil structures (10 Marks)

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 2. Explain ant five ways in which soil texture can be maintained and improved (10
Marks)

3. Describe any five physical properties of the soil (10 Marks)

4. Describe any five factors that affect soil pH (10 Marks)

5. Describe any five advantages of sexual propagation (10 Marks)

6. Using a well labelled diagram describe the following processes

A. Layering

B. Budding

C. Grafting (10 Marks)

7. Describe five advantages of asexual propagation (10 Marks)

8. Explain any five roles of essential plant nutrients in proper plant growth and
development (10 Marks)

9. Describe any five ways in which essential plant nutrients are depleted in the soil
(10 Marks)

10. Explain any five impact of weeds (10 Marks)

THE END

GOD IS WITH ME AND HELPING ME IN

ANYTHING I DO

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Sir GODFREY MALATA CHIPASULA SEC.SCHOOLFOR MORE 099297 2544 WHATSUP
 The teacher of the moment sir Godfrey malata from chipasula sec. school.

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We offer personal part classes from chitipa to sanje @ your house

We offer evening classes @ kawale, chipasula,biwi,air wing,area 47, ( the whole Malawi)

We offer weekend classes Saturday (8:00 AM -12:00 noon) AND Sunday (2:00pm -5:00pm)

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