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Force class-6

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8 views

Force class-6

Uploaded by

haragame3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Third Law of Motion

“To every action there is an equal and opposite


reaction”.

Applications :
i) Walking is enabled by IIIrd law.
(ii) A boat moves back when we deboard it.
(iii) A gun recoils.
(iv) Rowing of a boat.
Explanation for third law:
•The third law of motion states that when one object exerts a
force on another object, the second object instantaneously
exerts a force back on the first.
•These two forces are always equal in magnitude but opposite in
direction.
•These forces act on different objects and never on the same
object.
Action and reaction forces are equal and opposite.

B A
•When a gun is fired, it exerts a forward force on the bullet.
The bullet exerts an equal and opposite reaction for ce on the
gun. This results in the recoil of the gun.
• Since the gun has a much greater mass than the bullet, the
acceleration of the gun is much less than the acceleration of
the bullet.
As the sailor jumps in forward direction, the boat moves backwards.
Why?

The third law of motion can also be illustrated when a sailor


jumps out of a rowing boat. As the sailor jumps forward, the
force on the boat moves it backwards
B

Conservation of Momentum
A

•Suppose two objects (two balls A and B, say) of masses mA and


mB are travelling in the same direction along a straight line at
different velocities uA and uB, respectively Fig. (a)
•And there are no other external unbalanced forces acting on
them. Let uA > uB and the two balls collide with each other as
shown in Fig. 9.14(b).
•During collision which lasts for a time t, the ball A exerts a
force F AB on ball B and ball B exerts a force F BA on ball A
Suppose vA and v B are the velocities of the two ball A and B
after the collision, respectively[Fig. 9.14(c)].
The momenta of ball A before and after the collision are
m A u A and m A v A, respectively.

The momenta of ball B before and after the collision are m B u B


and m B v B, respectively.
Then, the rate of change of momentum of ball A( FAB ) is

the rate of change of momentum of ball B ( FBA ) is


A B B

According to the third law of motion, the force FAB exerted by


ball A on ball B (action) and the force FBA exerted by the ball B
on ball A (reaction) must be equal and opposite to each other.
Therefore, FAB = - FBA
= -

m A u A+ mB uB = mA vA + mB vB
Since m A u A + mB uB is the total momentum of the two balls A and B
before the collision and mA vA + mB vB is their total momentum
after collision
•As a result of this ideal collision experiment,
we say that “the sum of momenta of the two objects before
collision is equal to the sum of momenta after the collision
provided there is no external unbalanced force acting on
them”. This is known as the law of conservation of
momentum.
This statement can alternatively be given as
“the total momentum of the two objects is unchanged or
conserved by the collision”.

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