Ethiopian Technical University

Individual Assignment for the Course: Geography of Ethiopia and the

Target Group: Fresh Man Student’s

Name: ______________________________________ ID ___________

Stream/College ________________Department_________ Section ________

Prepared By: Gomeje Amessie (MA.)

Date of Submission:11/05/2021

Note: This assignment will help you to endeavour the course successfully through
preparing your mind for the final exam. Therefore, please do it by yourself.

Part I. True or False: Write ‘True’ if the statement is correct and ‘False’ otherwise.
(0.5pts. Each)

_______1. Palaeozoic rocks are abundant mineral sources of Ethiopia.

_______2. Mining is one of the recent economic activities conducted in Ethiopia.

_______3. The occurrence of climatic condition in Mesozoic era caused for shrinking and
dried up of lakes and swampy areas.

_______4. The Arsi-Bale Highlands are important grains producing areas with high potential.

_______5. Latitudinal location, climate and topography affect the distribution of fresh water.

_______6. Seasonal fluctuation of water flows and sedimentation limits the Hydro-electric
generating capacity of Ethiopian rivers.

_______7. Ethiopia is endowed with a number of rivers but not lakes.

_______8. The subsurface water potential of Ethiopia is greater than its surface water.

_______9. Most of the exiting topographies of Ethiopia are the result of Cenozoic Era.

______10. The majority of Ethiopian rivers are suitable for transportation purpose.

______11. In Ethiopia, Adigrat Sandstones and Hintalo Limestone were formed during
Palaeozoic Era.

_______12. Ethiopia is the ‘roof of East Africa’ due to its large number of rivers and is also
called ‘the water tower of East Africa’ due to its highest altitudinal picks.

1
Part II: Choice: Choose the best answer from the given alternatives.
(0.5pts. Each)
1. All are affected by relief or topography except

A. Transportation and communication C. Agriculture and social fillings

B. Climate and natural vegetation D. Location

2. All are correct except

A. The demarcation point between the Ethiopian highlands and lowlands is 1000asl meter

B. The diversified topography of Ethiopia makes it richest in different natural resources

C. The lowland areas of Ethiopia is more populated than the highland areas

D. The formation of rift valley is caused for the separation of Ethiopian highlands in to two

3. Which one of the following is not correct about western highlands and lowlands of
Ethiopia?

A. Agriculture is the dominant economic activities of western lowlands

B. The highest pick of Ethiopian highlands is found in the North Central Massifs

C. The Shewan Plateau is the smallest subdivision of western Plateau

D. The South western plateau is the wettest in Ethiopia

4. All are correct except

A. An equinox is the instant of time when the sun strikes/hit the plane of the Earth's equator.

B. Ethiopia’s annual average temperature is extreme than daily temperatures.

C. Environmental lapse rate or Atmospheric lapse rate occurs at 6.5 ͦ C per 1000 m.

D. The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude and

5. Which one of the following statement is incorrect?

A. There is an inverse relationship with temperature and directness of the sun

B. The temporal distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is determined by latitude and cloud

C. Ethiopia endowed with four rain fall seasons and rainfall regions

2
D. Recently the frequency of drought in Ethiopia becomes high

6. Which one of the following physiographic divisions of Ethiopia is wetter than others?

A. The Tigray Plateau C. The Shewa Plateau

B. The North Central Massif D. The South-western Highland

7. All are true about climate change except

A. It is any change in climate overtime

B. Natural phenomena’s become the leading cause of climate change

C. There is a visible climatic change in Ethiopia

D. Mitigation, adaptation and resilience are the response mechanisms for climate change

8. The flow of direction and destination of the principal river and its tributaries is called

A. Drainage system C. Drainage pattern

B. Drainage basin D. Watershed

9. According to the theory of continental drift theory, which one of the following continent is
belongs to part of Gondwanaland?

A. North America B. Europe C. Asia D. Africa

10. One of the following statements is not correct about the great East African rift valley.

A. It is bounded by steep escarpments (edges) C. It is the most unstable part of the country

B. Agriculture is the dominant economic activity D. It is the source of many rift valley lakes

11. Which energy resource is found mainly in the rift valley regions of Ethiopia?

A. Hydropower B. Geothermal C. Solar power D. Uranium

12. Which of the following areas is the best example of an inland drainage system?

A. The Abbay-Dinder drainage system C. The Afar Triangle

B. The Baro-Akobo drainage system D.The Wabishebelle drainage system

13. Which one of the following geological processes is different from others?

A. Folding B. Weathering C. Faulting D. Volcanism

14. All are the characteristics of Ethiopian highlands except,

A. Free from tropical diseases C. Lower mean annual temperature

3
 B. Lower population density D. Moderate and high amount of rainfall

15. Which one of the following drainage systems of Ethiopia is the largest in terms of
catchment area, annual discharge and drainage density?

A. Western drainage system C. Mediterranean sea drainage system

B. South Eastern drainage system D. A and B

16. Ras Dashen is the highest peak of Ethiopia and the lowest place is_____________

A. South eastern lowlands C. Dankil Depression

B. The Ethiopian rift valley D. Western lowlands

Part III. Fill the blank space (4pts.)

2. The world's most spectacular and extensive cave which is created by the underground
passage of Web River through the Mesozoic Limestone rocks is
called___________________________. (1pt)

3. The three physiographic sub-regions of the Ethiopian rift valley are _________________,
_____________and________________. (1pt)

4. The day of summer Solstice and winter Solstice happened on________________________

IV. Short Answers: Give the correct answer for the following questions.
(15pts.)
1. What is geology and explain the two forces that changes structure of the Earth?(1pt.)

2. Discuss the difference between relative and absolute age dating techniques? (2pts.)

3. Discuss the major geological processes that happen during the four eras (Precambrian,
Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic) generally at global level and specifically in Ethiopia.
(4pts.)

4. What are the four principal observations of the Australian Climatologist ‘Alfred Wegener’
which supports the continental drift theory? (2pts.)

5. Mention the five deposits which were formed during quaternary period of Cenozoic era.
(2pts.)

6. Mention the three major drainage systems of Ethiopia. (1.5pts)

4
7. List the major characteristics of Ethiopian rivers? (2.5pts.)