MATHEMATICS

GRADE :10 & 11

PROBABILITY

1
ACCODING TO CAPS DOCUMENT
CAPS GRADE 10
CAPS GRADE 11
DEFINITION OF PROBABILITY
 PROBABILITY

VENN FUNDAMEN
CONTINGEN
NOTATIONS DIAGRAM TREE TAL
CY TABLE/2 –
(GRADE 10 DIAGRAM COUNTING
(GRADE 10 WAY TABLE
AND 11) (GRADE 11) PRINCIPLRE
AND 11) (GRADE 11)
(GRADE 12)
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
 GENERAL RULE FROM GRADE 11

INDEPENDENCE RULE

• P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) OR

• P(A Ո B) = P(A) × P(B)
TYPES OF PROBABILITY
EXAMPLES OF THEORETICAL PROBABILITY
EXAMPLES OF THEORETICAL PROBABILITY
EXERCISE
SOLUTION
EXERCISE
EXAMPLES SET OF 52 PLAYING CARDS
EXERCISE
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
INDEPENDENT EVENTS (EXERCISE)
INDEPENDENT EVENTS (EXERCISE)
INDEPENDENT EVENTS (SOLUTION)
INDEPENDENT EVENTS (SOLUTION)
PROBABILY TOOLS
DEFINITION OF VENN DIAGRAM
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
GENERAL RULES FROM GRADE 10
EXAMPLE: GRADE 10 REVISION
DRAWING A VENN DIAGRAM
EXAMPLE: GRADE 10 REVISION
SOLUTION: GRADE 10 REVISION
SOLUTION: GRADE 10 REVISION
SOLUTION: GRADE 10 REVISION
SOLUTION: GRADE 10 REVISION
EXAMPLE: GRADE 10 REVISION
EXAMPLE: GRADE 10 REVISION
EXERCISE: GRADE 10 REVISION
EXERCESE: GRADE 10 REVISION
SOLUTIONS: GRADE 10 REVISION
SOLUTIONS: GRADE 10 REVISION
SOLUTIONS: GRADE 10 REVISION
THREE- CIRCLE VENN DIAGRAM GRADE 11
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
EXERCISE
SOLUTIONS
 THREE-VENN DIAGRAMS WITH A GIVEN
INTERSECTION
EXAMPLE
 THREE-VENN DIAGRAMS WITH A GIVEN
INTERSECTION
SOLUTION
 THREE-VENN DIAGRAMS WITH A GIVEN
INTERSECTION
SOLUTION
THE USE OF VARIABLE IN THREE CIRCLE VENN
DIAGRAM
EXAMPLE
THE USE OF VARIABLE IN THREE CIRCLE VENN
DIAGRAM
SOLUTION
THE USE OF VARIABLE IN THREE CIRCLE VENN
DIAGRAM
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE
SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE
SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE
SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
SOLUTIONS
PROBABILITY TOOL
TREE DIAGRAM
TREE DIAGRAM
TREE DIAGRAM
TREE DIAGRAM
TREE DIAGRAM INVOLVING REPLACEMENT
EXAMPLE
TREE DIAGRAM INVOLVING REPLACEMENT
EXAMPLE
TREE DIAGRAM INVOLVING REPLACEMENT
SOLUTION
TREE DIAGRAM INVOLVING REPLACEMENT
SOLUTION
 TREE DIAGRAM WITH MORE THAN TWO
EVENTS
EXAMPLE
 TREE DIAGRAM WITH MORE THAN TWO
EVENTS
SOLUTION
 TREE DIAGRAM WITH MORE THAN TWO
EVENTS
SOLUTION
EXERCISE
SOLUTION
EXERCISE
SOLUTION
EXERCISE
SOLUTION
EXERCISE
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
PROBABILITY TOOL
TREE DIAGRAM RECAP FOR ONLINE
TREE DIAGRAM
TREE DIAGRAM
TREE DIAGRAM ( EXAMPLE)
TREE DIAGRAM ( EXAMPLE)
TREE DIAGRAM ( EXERCISE)
TREE DIAGRAM ( EXERCISE)
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
TREE DIAGRAM ( EXERCISE)
SOLUTION
TREE DIAGRAM ( EXERCISE)
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
TREE DIAGRAM ( EXERCISE)
SOLUTION
PROBABILITY TOOLS

CONTINGENCY
TABLES
CONTINGENCY TABLES

 Sometimes situations arise when data are classified

according to two different factors or attributes and
these are often displayed in a table, known as a
contingency table.
CONTINGENCY TABLES
Naming Contingency Tables
 An r by c contingency table has number of rows equal
to r and number of columns equal to c.

➢ Examples of contingency tables

1. 2 by 2 contingency table
CONTINGENCY TABLES

2. 3 by 2 contingency table
3. 2 by 4 contingency table
CONTINGENCY TABLES: EXAMPLE1
 Tests are carried out on two machines
A and B to assess the likelihood that
each machine will produce a faulty
component. The results are
summarised in the table.

Faulty(F) Not faulty(F′) Total

Machine A 3 12 15
Machine B 2 8 10
Total 5 20 25
CONTINGENCY TABLES (E.g. 1 continued)

A component is chosen at random from

those tested.
Find the probability that the component
chosen:
1.1. is from Machine A.
1.2. is a faulty component from machine B.
1.3. is not faulty or is from Machine A.
SOLUTION
Faulty(F Not Total
) faulty(F
′)
Machine A 3 12 15
Machine B 2 8 10
Total 5 20 25
CONTINGENCY TABLES : EXAMPLE 2
2. A group of 50 male and 50 female
teachers at a certain High School
was asked whether they passed or
failed their driving test at the first
attempt. All the teachers asked
had taken the test. The results
were as follows:

Pass Fail Total

Male 23 27 50
Female 32 18 50
Total 55 45 100
CONTINGENCY TABLES (E.g. 2 continued)
Find the probability that
2.1. A male teacher chosen at
random from the group passed the
driving test at the first attempt.
2.2. A teacher chosen at random from the
group passed the driving test at the first
attempt.
2.3. A female teacher chosen at random from
the group failed the test at the first
attempt.
2.4. A teacher chosen is either a male or has
passed the test at the first attempt.
SOLUTION
Pass Fail Total
Male 23 27 50
Female 32 18 50
Total 55 45 100
CONTINGENCY TABLES: Example 3
3. During 2011 a vet saw 125 dogs, each suspected of
having a particular disease. Of the 125 dogs, 60 were
female of whom 25 actually had the disease and 35
did not. Only 20 of the males had the disease, the
rest did not. The case history of each dog was
documented on a separate record card.
Let A represent the event that the dog referred to on
the record card was female and, B represent the
event that the dog referred to was suffering from the
disease.
Diseased Not Total
3.1. Copy and complete the (B) Diseased(B′)
Female (A) 25 60
table below. Male (A′) 20
Total 80 125
CONTINGENCY TABLES: E.g 3 continued
3.2 Hence, find Diseased Not Total
(B) Diseased(B′)
3.2.1. P(A)
Female (A) 25 60
3.2.2. P(B) Male (A′) 20
3.2.3. P(A∩B) Total 80 125
3.2.4. P(A or B)
3.2.5. P(B′)
3.3 Determine whether being diseased is independent of
gender.
SOLUTION
Solution- continued
CONTINGENCY TABLES: Example 4

4. During an epidemic of a certain disease a doctor is

consulted by 110 people suffering from symptoms
commonly associated with the disease. Of the 110
people, 45 are female of whom 20 actually have
the disease and 25 do not. Fifteen males have the
disease and the rest do not.

A person is selected at random. The event that this

person is female is denoted by A and the event
that this person is suffering from the disease is
denoted by B.
Evaluate
[Hint: Draw a contingency table]
4.1. P(A)
4.2. P(A or B)
4.3. P(A and B)
4.4. P(B′)
SOLUTION
a
b

ACTIVITIES
SOLUTION
ACTIVITIES
SOLUTION
SOLUTION- continued
ACTIVIITIES
SOLUTION
ACTIVITIES
SOLUTION
ACTIVITIES
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Thank you