Name, ie ions MES25 Spring 2012 Exam 2 ‘This examination is closed book and closed notes. You may use the attached equation shect. (Previously posted on the course web page) Question Maximum Score | 1 50 SO | 2 50 So | Total 100 loo Note: Show detailed work for full creditQuestion 1 (50 Points): A detonation wave propagates in a long constant-area tube with cone end open. The initial reactants contain a mixture of 2 moles of Hz in 1 mole of O2, and 3.76 moles of Nz at a reactant pressure P, (= 1 bar) and temperature 7; (~ 298 K). ‘The detonation wave velocity x, is 2000 m/sec. (1) Sketch the control volume showing inflows and outflows at the various boundaries including the two open ends of the tube. (2) Using the conservation equations given in the equation sheet, derive equations relating pressure and velocity across a one dimensional detonation wave. (3) Assuming complete combustion to products at 3000K, find the pressure P, and velocity 2 of the gases behind the detonation wave. (4) Verify if the momentum equation is satisfied by the solution in (2). (5) Discuss in a maximum of three sentences if the assumption of complete combustion violates the principles of mass and energy conservation. Relevant property table for 3000K for and 1,0 Species Cp HW’ ;(298) | h’ (298) - Kifkmol-K | ki/kmol ki/kmol Ne 37.028 92,730 0 HO 55.779 126,563 | -241,845,‘Question 2 (50 Points): (1) Please draw a schematic control volume for a premixed circular flat flame bumer of diameter D into which a flammable fuel-air mixture is fed at uniform speed u; m/s. The surrounding air is stationary at 298K and P=1 atm and extends to large distances when compared to D. ‘The air is entrained into the products (entrainment into reactants is negligible) of the premixed flame. The resulting exhaust mixture rises by buoyancy and leaves the room through a mild ventilation fan at the top. (2) Please write generic conservation of mass, momentum, energy and species equations in the cylindrical coordinate system with origin at the burner surface at radius equal to zer0. (3) Please define simplified boundary conditions applicable in steady state for the conservation of mass, momentum, species and energy for an analysis of the flat flame stabilized on the burner. (4) Simplify the conservation equations and boundary conditions by equating the axial pressure gradient to the hydrostatic pressure gradient cZ =p); ignoring gradients in the radial and azimuthal directions, kinetic energy changes, viscous forees and work done by these forces, work done by pressure and body forces, shaft work, heat transfer and heat loss to the burner surface. (5) The unburned mixture density is 1 kg/m’ and the mixture is admitted into the bumer at 298 K with the flame temperature reaching 2000 K. Assume constant molecular weight of 26 gimol for the unburned, buming and bumed gases. If the reactant mixture is admitted at 0.5 m/s, estimate: (a) the product gas velocity immediately downstream of the flame surface in m/s and (b) the rate of change of product gas velocity in (avs) immediately downstream of the flame if the gravitational acceleration is 9.81 mvs". (© Please discuss the roles of the following three equations in the above solution in one sentence each: (a) conservation of mass, (b) conservation of momentum, and (c) conservation of energy.Equation Sheet Concentrations, Mé [x] = 44 Fractions, Ideal Gas Law and Chemical Generat mole fraction, [X, yn Rate concentration in units like gmol/ m? R,T LNT = PM IRE Mig = Dz MY, h ¥, = mass fraction for species i = z, MW,/MW.. os is fmol !m—s; N, = total no. of moles of species i V = Volume The production rate <,” can be calculated from a chemical mechanism as described in the text book. For a reaction mechanism consisting of L reactions and N species, let the species index be i and the reaction index be k. For each reaction in the mechanism, we can write the equation in general form, %, x rh, & for k=12,.42E a Rate and Equilibrium Constant Relationship KAD) = yl? explE gp / RL VK-(L) = AT exp(E y | Ry Conservation Equations in the two dimensional axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system =k (DK, given below can be reduced to one dimensional axial or one_dimensional_radial_cylindrical equations with appropriate assumptions for use in solution of Problem 1 and Problem 2. Opv,(c,T +v, 12) ox r or ‘Speed of Sound, Ideal Gas Law iP usc=\yRT 5 p=—— yRT s p= ae Constants and Conversion Factors N-m J J Universal gas constant R,= 8314 ——"_ = 8314 = 8314-7—__- (gmol)(K) (gmol)(K) (knol)K) Pressure 1 atm = 1.01325 bars = 1.01325x10° ©. = 1.01325x10° i m