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Combustion Funadmentals and Normal Combustion in SI Engines (1)

The document discusses the combustion process in spark-ignition engines, emphasizing the importance of a robust and efficient combustion cycle for optimal engine performance. It details the chemical reactions involved, the flame characteristics, and the factors influencing flame speed and combustion efficiency. Additionally, it highlights the relationship between combustion and engine emissions, fuel requirements, and overall engine operation.

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ps22mem5r10
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7 views

Combustion Funadmentals and Normal Combustion in SI Engines (1)

The document discusses the combustion process in spark-ignition engines, emphasizing the importance of a robust and efficient combustion cycle for optimal engine performance. It details the chemical reactions involved, the flame characteristics, and the factors influencing flame speed and combustion efficiency. Additionally, it highlights the relationship between combustion and engine emissions, fuel requirements, and overall engine operation.

Uploaded by

ps22mem5r10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Conventional SI Engine
 Essential requirements for Combustion

 Combustible Mixture and Source of


Ignition (Stoichiometry)

 Existence of flame front

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C8H18+ 12.5O2+12.5*3.76N2
→
8CO2+9H2O+47N2

A/F Ratio: 12.5[32+3.76*28]/8*12+18*1~=15:1

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 Flame-Thermal Wave front
 Speed of travel of flame signifies nature
of combustion Process (normal /
Abnormal)

 Deflagrationwave or Detonating wave


 Subsonic speeds/Supersonic speeds)

 Gradual rise in pressure.

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In spark-ignition engines, the fuel and air are
mixed together either in the intake system or in
the cylinder where mixing with residual gas
takes place, and are then compressed.
Combustion is initiated toward the end of the
compression stroke at the spark plug by an
electrical discharge. Following inflammation, a
turbulent flame develops, propagates through
this essentially premixed fuel vapor, air, burned
gas mixture until it reaches the combustion
chamber walls, and then extinguishes.

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 The combustion process is an especially
important part of the internal combustion
engine’s operating cycle. Combustion
must release the chemical energy of the
fuel—the primary source of energy for
the engine—in a relatively short time
period between the compression and
expansion processes, thereby producing
the high-pressure high-temperature
burned gases that then expand within the
cylinder transferring work to the piston.

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A robust combustion process is
important for smooth and reliable engine
operation. The combustion process must
be fast, that is, it must occupy a small
fraction of the total cycle time (Engine
speed related-Calculate), so that the
engine’s energy conversion process is
efficient, and highly repeatable so that
variations from one cycle to the next are
small enough to be barely noticeable.

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Combustion is also important for its
impact on several other engine
characteristics or requirements.

The processes by which the


engine’s emissions form within the
cylinder are closely linked with the
details of the combustion process.

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The antiknock and volatility
requirements of fuels for spark-ignition
(SI) engines and the ignition quality of
diesel fuels are dictated by each
engine’s combustion process.

Even the gas exchange process of the


engine, and hence its power, are
affected by what the designer must do
to achieve good combustion.

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Combustion in engines takes place in a
flame. A flame is the (confined) region
within which the fuel oxidizing reactions
and chemical energy release occur. Engine
flames are normally thin: the actual reaction
region is a fraction of a millimeter thick. In
the spark-ignition engine, the fuel-vapor
air charge is well mixed so the flame is a
premixed flame.

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The speed at which such a premixed flame
propagates into the unburned gas ahead of it
is called the flame speed or burning
velocity.

In a laminar or well-ordered flow, this


velocity SL is a characteristic property of
the unburned mixture ahead of the flame: it
depends on the composition of the mixture,
the properties of the fuel, and the mixture
temperature and pressure.

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The values of SL are usually less than
about 1 m/s. Figure below shows the
structure of a laminar premixed flame.

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In flame-stationary coordinates, the
unburned mixture—fuel vapor and air—
enters the flame from the left at temperature
Tu. (In unburned-mixture stationary
coordinates, the flame moves toward the left
into that mixture.)

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The unburned mixture temperature starts to
rise in the preheat zone, and steadily
increases due to the thermal energy
conducted through the gas moving through
the conduction zone, that thermal energy
coming from the reaction zone where the
fuel oxidation chemical reactions occur
(after the unburned mixture reaches its
ignition temperature Ti).

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It is in this reaction zone that the bulk of the
chemical energy release occurs: the thermal
energy produced is conducted into the
unburned mixture moving through the
conduction zone as described above, and
convected out of the flame in the (hot)
burned gases (at temperature, Tb).

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 1.Spark Initiation Preparation and transposition

 2.Early flame development Lewis &Von Elbe

 3.Flame Propagation Constant volume explosion vessel

 4.Flame Termination
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I-Ignition Lag
(Delay/Chemical)
II-Flame propagation
III-After Burning

Preparation Phase
Transposition
Phase

Ricardo

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The Wiebe function is named after Ivan Wiebe (1902--1969), a
Russian engineer who developed an energy release model based on
analysis of combustion chain reaction events.

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