DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL

GE 3171 - PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

1
 GE3171–PROBLEMSOLVINGANDPYTHONPROGRAMINGLABORATORY

YEAR & SEMESTER: I &

ILISTOFEXPERIMENTS

EX.NO ListofExperiments

Developing flowcharts
a) ElectricityBilling,
b) RetailShopBilling,
1.
c) SinSeries,
d) Weight ofaMotorbike,
e) WeightofaSteelBar,
f) ComputeElectricalCurrentinThreePhaseACCircuit.
ProgramsUsingSimpleStatements
2. a) Exchangethevaluesoftwovariables,
b) Circulatethevaluesofnvariables,
c) Distancebetween two points.
ProgramsUsingConditionalsand IterativeStatements
3. a) NumberSeries
b) NumberPatterns
c) PyramidPattern

a) OperationsofLists(Itemspresentinalibrary/Componentsofacar/Materia
4. lsrequiredforconstruction ofabuilding)
b) OperationsofListsandTuples(Itemspresentinalibrary/Componentsofacar/
Materials required forconstruction ofabuilding)
a) OperationsofSets(Language,componentsofanautomobile,Elementsofacivil
5. structure,etc)
b) OperationsofDictionaries(Language,componentsofanautomobile,Elem
entsofacivil structure, etc)
ProgramsUsingFunctions
6. a) Factorial of aNumber
b) LargestNumberinalist
c) AreaofShape
Programs using Strings.

7. a) Reversing a String,
b) Checking Palindrome in a String,
c) Counting Characters in a String
d) Replacing Characters in a String

2
 Programs Using modules and Python Standard Libraries
a) Pandas
8. b) Numpy
c) Matplotlib
d) Scipy
Programs using FileHandling.

9. a) Copyfrom onefiletoanother,
b) Wordcount
c) Longestword
ProgramsUsingExceptionhandling.
10. a) Dividebyzero error
b) Voter‟sagevalidity
c) Student mark range validation
11.
Exploring Pygame tool.

12. Developing a game activity using Pygame like bouncing ball.

3
Ex.No1.A
Developing flowcharts for Electricity Billing
Date:

Aim:
To writeaalgorithm anddrawflowchartforElectricBilling.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the program

Step2:Read input n.

Step3:Checkn<=100. If yes, then Calculate amt =0.Then go to step7.

Step4: Check n<=200 is yes, then calculate amt= (n-100)*1.5 and go to step 7.If no go to step5

Step5: Check n<=500.If yes, then calculate amt=200+ (n-200)*3 and go to step7.If no go to step6

Step6: Calculate amt= (100*3.5)+(300*4.6)+(n-500)*6.6

Step7: Print the amount of EB bill

Step8:Stop the program.

4
 Flowchart:

Start

Readunits

<=100 <=200 <=500 >500

Units
=?

Amount=100*0 Amount=
(100*0)+(200-
100)*3.5+(500-
200)*4.6+ (unit-
500)*6.6
Amount Amount =
=(100*0)+(unit- (100*0)+(200-
100)*1.5 100)*2+(unit-200)*3

PrintAmount

Stop

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

5
Ex.No 1.B
Developing flowcharts for Retail Shop Billing
Date:

Aim:
To write an algorithm and draw flowchart for Retail Shop Billing.

Algorithm:

Step1:Starttheprogram.

Step2: Compute the Tax=0.18 and read

Rate_of_item.Step3: Display the quantities

Step4: Read the quantities

Step5: Calculate cost using the formula, cost=Rate_of_item*quantity+ Rate_of_item*quantity+………..

Step6: Calculate the Bill Amount= cost+ cost*tax

Step7: Print the Bill amount.

Step8:Stop the program.

6
Flowchart:

Start

Tax=0.18

Rate_ of_item

Display Quantities

Rated Quantities

Cost=Rate _of_ item*

quantity+Rate_of_item*quantity
+……….

BillAmount=Cost+Cost*tax

Print BillAmount

stop

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

.
7
Ex.No1.C
Developing flowcharts for Sine Series
Date:

Aim:
To write an algorithm and draw flowchart for sine series.

Algorithm:

Step1:Start the program.

Step2:Readx, n

Step3: Calculate x using the formula, x=x*3.14159/180.

Step4: Compute t=x and sum=x.

Step5: Check the condition for i in range(1,n).

Step6: Calculate t using the formula ,t=(t*(-1)*(x*x)/(2*i(2*i+1))

Step7: Increment Sum=Sum+t

Step8: Print sum as sine(x)

Step9: Stop the program.

8
Flowchart:
Start

Read x, n

x=x*3.14159/180;

t=x;su

m=x;

i=1;i<=n;i++

t= (t*(-

1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1)

);sum=sum+t;

Printsumassine(x)

stop

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

9
Ex.No1.D
Developing flowcharts for Weight of a Motorbike
Date:

Aim:
To write an algorithm and draw flowchart for Weight of a Motorbike.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the program.

Step2: Place the motorbike on weight case.

Step3: Read the scale in kg.

Step4: Initialize ADC=0.

Step5: Is it digitally clear? If yes display it on LCD.

Otherwise, repeat step4

Step6:Stop the program.

10
Flowchart:
Start

Placethemotorbikeonweightcase

Readthescaleinkg

Initialize ADC=0

No Is
itdigitall
y
clear?

yes
Displayiton LCD

Stop

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

11
Ex.No 1.E
DevelopingflowchartsforWeightofaSteelBar
Date:

Aim:
To write an algorithm and draw flowchart for Weight of a Steel Bar.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the program.

Step2: Get the input l and r.

Step3: Compute den=7800

Step4: Calculate the value of weight with formula wt=(math.pi*r*r*l*den)/10000

Step5: Print the value of wt.

Step6: Stop the program.

12
Flowchart:

Start

Input l&r

den=7800

wt=(math.pi*r*l*den)/10000

Print(wt)

stop

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

13
Ex.No 1.F

Developing flowchartsforElectricalCurrentin ThreePhaseACCircuit.

Date:

Aim:
To write an algorithm and draw flow chart for Electric Current in Three Phase AC Circuit.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the program.

Step2:ComputeTotalVA

Step3: Calculate Aline using the formula, Aline=Total VA/ (√3*Vline)

Step4: Print Aline

Step5: Stop the program

14
Flowchart:

Start

ReadTotal VA

Aline=TotalVA/(√3*Vline)

PrintAline

Stop

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

15
Ex.No 2.A

Date: Exchange the values of two variables using Simple Statements

Aim
To write a python program to Exchange the values of two variables using simple statements.
Algorithm:
Step1: Start the program
Step 2: Declare the values of x and y
Step 3: Print before swaping x ,y
Step 4:compute x, y= y, x
Step 5: Print after swaping x , y
Step 6:stop the program.
Program
x=input(“enter the value of x”)
y=input(“enter the value of y”)
print(“before exchange of x,y”)
print(“x=”,x)
print(“y=”,y)
x,y=y,x
print(“after exchange of x,y”)
print(“x=”,x)
print(“y=”,y)
Output
Enter the value of x 23
Enter the value of y 45
Before exchange of x,y
x=23
y=45
After exchange of x,y
x=45
y=23

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

16
Ex.No 2.B
Circulate the Values of N Variable
Date:

Aim
To write a python program to Circulate the values of n variable using simple
statements.
Algorithm:
Step1:Start the program
Step2:Declare the value of n
Step3 : Get the elements in the list.
Step4:print circulating the elements of list
Step 5 : for circulate the values of n and for i in range (n+1)
Step6 : compute c=L[i:]+L[:i]
Step 7 : print circulation value of n
Step8 :stop theprogram .

Program:
n=int(input('Enter n:'))
L=[91,92,93,94,95]
print("Circulating the elements of list ", L)
for i in range(n+1):
c=L[i:]+L[:i]
print(“circulation”,i,’=’,c)

Output:
Enter n : 5
Circulating the elements of list[91,92,93,94,95]
Circulation 1 = [92, 93,94, 95,91]
Circulation 2=[93, 94,95,91,92]
Circulation 3=[94, 95,91,92,93]
Circulation4=[95, 91,92,93,94]
Circulation5 =[91,92,93,94,95]

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

17
Ex.No 2.C
Distance between two points using Simple Statements
Date:

Aim:
To write a python program to find distance between two variables.

Algorithm:
Step1:Start the program by importing math library.
Step2: Declare the values ofx1 ,y1,x2 ,y2.
Step 3 :Calulate the distance = math.sqrt((x2-x1)**2)+((y2-y1)**2))
Step4 : Print the distance between two points
Step5:Stop the program.

Program:
import math

x1=int(input("enter a x1 value:”))

y1=int(input( "enter a y1 value:"))

x2=int(input("enter a x2 value:"))

y2=int(input( "enter a y2 value:"))

distance=math.sqrt(((x2-x1)**2)+((y2- y1)**2))

print("distance between two points=",distance)

Output:

enter a x1 value:9
enter a y1 value:8
enter a x2 value:3
enter a y2 value:4
distance between two points= 7.211102550927978
Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

18
Ex.No 3.A
Programs Using Conditionals and Iterative Statements
Date: Number Series

Aim:

To write a python program toevaluate12+22+32+….+N2

Algorithm:
Step1: Start the program
Step 2: Declare the value of n
Step3:Intialize sum =0,i=0
Step 4: Check the while condition i<=n and go to next step 5 else goto step 7.
Step 5: Increment the value of I and calculate the sum value sum = sum +i*I
Step6:Increment the I value i+=1
Step 7: Print the sum value.
Step8: Stop the program.

Program:
n=int(input('Enteranumber:'))
sum=0
i=1
whilei<=n:
sum=sum+i*i
i+=1
print('Sum=',sum)

Output:

Enteranumber:10Su

m = 385

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

19
Ex.No 3.B
Programs Using Conditionals and Iterative Statements Number Pattern
Date:

Aim:
To write a python program to print Number Pattern.
Algorithm;
Step 1 : Start the program .
Step2:Definethevalueofn
Step 3 : Check the condition of for i in loop (1,n+1)
Step4: Next, check forkin range(n,i-1)
Step5 : print(““)
Step 6 : check the condition for j in range (1,1+1)
Step7 : print (““)
Step 8 : Check the last condition of for m in (i-1,0-1)
Step9 : Print (““)
Step10: print ()
Step11:stoptheprogram.

Program:
N = int(input("enter n value:"))
for i in range(1,N+1):
for k in range(N,i,-1):
print("",end='')
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(j,end='')
for m in range(i-1,0,-1):
print(m, end =' ')
print()

Output:
Enter nvalue:5
1
121
12321
1234321
123454321

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

20
Ex.No 3.C
Programs Using Conditionals and Iterative Statements Pyramid Pattern
Date:

Aim:
To write a python program to print Pyramid Pattern.

Algorithm:
Step1:Start the program.
Step2:Declare the value forn
Step 3; Check the condition for i in 1 to n+1
Step 4 : Next , check the condition for j in 0 to I
Step 5 : Print (*)
Step6 : Print ()
Step7:Stop theprogram.

Program:
# to print pyramid pattern1
n=int(input("enterthevalue:"))
fori in range(1, n+1):
for j in range(0, i):
print("*",end='')
print()
print(' ')
# to print pyramid pattern2
n=int(input("enterthevalue:"))

fori in range(1,n+1):
print(' '*(n-i), end='')
for j in range(1, i+1):
print('*',end='')
print()
print(' ')
# to print pyramid pattern3n=int(input("enter the value: " ) )
for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in range(1, n-i+2):
print('* ',end='')
print()
print(' ')
# to print pyramid pattern3

21
n=int(input("enter the value:"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
print(' '*(i-1), end='')
for j in range(1, n-i+2):
print('* ',end='')
print()
print(' ')

Output:
enterthevalue:5
*
**
***
****
*****

*
**
***
****
*****

*****
****
***
**
*

*****
****
***
**
*

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

22
Ex.No 4.A
Operations of List
Date:

Aim:

To implement operations in a library list.

Algoritm:
Step:1Start the program by declaring a list of items in a Library.
Step2:Print the complete list.
Step:3Printing first and fourth element using index value.
Step:4 Print list elements from 0th index to 4th index from the list using silicing method.
Step5:Appending an element to the list library. append('Audiobooks')
Step6: Print the sorting the elements of List and popping an element in a list.
Step7:print the removed specified element library. remove('Maps')
Step 8: Print Number of Elements in Library list
Step9:End the program.
Program:

library =['Books','Periodicals','Newspaper','Manuscripts','Maps','Prints','Documents','Ebooks']

print('Library:',library)

print('first element:',library[0])

print('fourth element:',library[3])

print('Items in Library from 0 to 4 index:',library[0: 5])

print('3rd or -7th element:',library[-7])

print('Library list after append():',library)

print('index of \'Newspaper\':',library.index('Newspaper'))

library.sort()

print('after sorting:', library);

print('Popped elements is:',library.pop())

print('after pop():',library);

print('after removing \'Maps\':',library)

23
print('after insert:',library)

print(' Number of Elements in Library list :',library.count('Ebooks'))

Output:

Library:['Books','Periodicals','Newspaper','Manuscripts','Maps','Prints','Documents','Ebooks']
firstelement:Books

fourthelement:Manuscripts
Items in Library from 0 to 4 index:['Books', 'Periodicals', 'Newspaper','Manuscripts',

'Maps']3rdor-7th element: Periodicals

Library list after append():['Books', 'Periodicals', 'Newspaper', 'Manuscripts','Maps', 'Prints',

'Documents','Ebooks','Audiobooks']

indexof'Newspaper':2

after sorting:['Audiobooks', 'Books', 'Documents', 'Ebooks', 'Manuscripts', 'Maps','Newspaper',

'Periodicals','Prints']

Poppedelementsis:Prints

after pop(): ['Audiobooks', 'Books', 'Documents', 'Ebooks', 'Manuscripts', 'Maps','Newspaper',

'Periodicals']after removing 'Maps':['Audiobooks', 'Books', 'Documents', 'Ebooks','Manuscripts', 'Newspaper',

'Periodicals']after insert:['Audiobooks', 'Books', 'CDs', 'Documents', 'Ebooks', 'Manuscripts','Newspaper',

'Periodicals']NumberofElements inLibrarylist:1

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

24
Ex.No 4.B
Operations of Tuple
Date:

Aim:

To implement operations in a Car Tuple.

Algorithm:
Step1: Start the program by declaring a tulple of components of a car.
Step2:Print the complete tuple
Step3: Display the first element as car[0] and fourth element as car[3].
Step4:Print tuple elements from 0th index to 4th index
Step5: Find the Number of Elements in car tuple by using len().
Step6:End the program.

Program:

car = ('Engine','Battery','Alternator','Radiator','Steering','Break','Seat Belt')

print('Components of a car: ',car)
print('index of \'Alternator\': ',car.index('Alternator'))
print(' Number of Elements in Car Tuple : ',car.count('Seat Belt'))
print(' Length of Elements in Car Tuple : ',len(car))

Output:
Components of a car: ('Engine', 'Battery', 'Alternator', 'Radiator', 'Steering', 'Break', 'Seat Belt')
index of 'Alternator': 2
Number of Elements in Car Tuple : 1
Length of Elements in Car Tuple : 7

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

25
Ex.No 5.A
Operations of Set
Date:

Aim:

To implement operations in a set using Components of a Language as example.

Algorithm:
Step1: Start the Program.

Step2: Create two set of Elements.

Step3: Compare two set of Elements using Union Operator

Step4: Compare two set of elements Using intersection Operation.

Step5:Compare two setoff elements using Difference Operator.

Step 6: Compare two set of elements using Set symmetric difference operation.

Step7:Stop the program.

Program:
S1 = {'Pitch', 'Syllabus', 'Script', 'Grammar', 'Sentences'};
S2 = {'Grammar', 'Syllabus', 'Context', 'Words', 'Phonetics'};
print("Union of S1 and S2 is ",S1 | S2)
print("Intersection of S1 and S2 is",S1 & S2)
print("Difference of S1 and S2 is",S1 - S2)
print("Symmetric difference of S1 and S2 is",S1 ^ S2)

Output:

Union of S1 and S2 is{'Words', 'Pitch', 'Sentences', 'Phonetics', 'Script', 'Grammar','Syllabus',

'Context'}IntersectionofS1 and S2is{'Grammar','Syllabus'}
DifferenceofS1andS2is{'Script','Pitch','Sentences'}
SymmetricdifferenceofS1andS2is{'Words','Context','Script','Pitch','Sentences','Phonetics'}

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

26
Ex.No 5.B
Operations of Dictionaries
Date:

Aim:

To implement operations in a set using Components of a Language as example.

Algoithm:

Step1: Start the program.

Step 2: Create set of dictionary elements using variable name.
Step 3: Print the entire dictionary element using print method.
Step4:Access the single key element and print the result.
Step 5:Access the single values by calling values().
Step 6:Display the length of the dictionary elements.
Step7:Check the Keys and Values Using„in‟operator.
Step8:Stop the program.

Program:
civ={'name':'civil structure',2:'floor',3:'stairs',4:'beams',5:'walls'}
print(civ)
print(civ['name'])
print(civ.get(4))
print(len(civ))
print('name' in civ)
print(1 in civ)
print(civ.values())
print(civ.keys())

Output:
{'name':'civilstructure',2:'floor',3:'stairs',4:'beams',5:'walls'}civilstr
ucture
beams
5
True
False
dict_values(['civil structure', 'floor', 'stairs', 'beams',
'walls'])dict_keys(['name',2, 3, 4, 5])

Result:

Thus, the given program successfully executed and practically verified.

27
Ex.No 6.A
Factorialof aNumberUsingRecursiveFunction
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto FactorialofanumberusingRecursive Function.
Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.
Step2:Gettheinput n.
Step3:Definethefunction fact(x).
Step4: Ifx==1,thenreturn1.Otherwisereturn(x*fact(x-1)).
Step5:Printthefactorialofanumber.
Step6:Stoptheprogram.

Program:

def fact(x):

if x==1:

return 1

else:

return(x*fact(x-1))

n=int(input(“Enter a number:”))

print("The factorial of", n,"is",fact(n))

Output:

Enteranumber:5

Thefactorial of 5is 120.

Result:

Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

28
Ex.No 6.B
FindingLargestNumberinaListusingFunction
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogram tofindthelargest numberinalistusingfunction.

Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.
Step2:Gettheinput num.
Step3:Usingforloopwhichhastherange(1,num+1).Readtheelementinthelist.
Step4:Definethefunction myMax(list1)andfindthelargestnumberinalist.
Step5:Printthelargest numberinalist.
Step6:Stoptheprogram.
Program:
defmyMax(list1):
print(“Largest element is:”, max(list1))
list1=[]
num=int(input("Enter a number of elements in a list:"))
fori in range(1,num+1):
ele=int(input("Enter elements:"))
list1.append(ele)
print(myMax(list1))

Output:
Enter a number of elements in a
list:5Enterelements:23
Enter
elements:45Enter
elements:87Enter
elements:67Enter
elements:3987
Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

29
Ex.No 6.C
FindingAreaof aShapeusing Function
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto findtheareaofthedifferentshapesusingfunction.

Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.
Step2:Definethefunctionsquare.
Step3:Gettheinput valueofsideandprinttheareaofsquare.(i.e.,side*side)
Step4:Definethefunctionrectangle.
Step5:Gettheinput valueoflandbandprinttheareaofrectangle. (i.e., l*b)
Step6:Definethefunctiontriangle.
Step7:Gettheinputvalue band handprint theareaoftriangle.(i.e.,0.5*b*h)
Step8:Definethefunctioncircle.
Step9:Gettheinput valuerandprintareaofcircle.((i.e.,3.14*r**2)
Step10:Print1.square,2.rectangle,3.triangleand4.circle.
Step11:Getthenvalueas input.
Step12:Computeifn==1,thencall thefunctionsquare. Ifnogotonextstep.
Step13: If n==2,then call the function rectangle. If no go to next
step.Step14: If n==3,then call the function triangle. If no go to next
step.Step15: If n==4,then call the function circle. Otherwise go to next
step.Step16:Print invalid choice.
Step17:Stoptheprogram.

Program:
def square():
side=int(input("Enter the side of a square:"))
print("Area of a square:", side*side)
def rectangle():
l=int(input("Enter the length of a rectangle:"))
b=int(input("Enter the breath of a rectangle:"))
print("Area of a rectangle:", l*b)
def triangle():
b=int(input("Enter the base of a triangle:"))
h=int(input("Enter the height of a triangle:"))
print("Area of a triangle:", b*h*0.5)
def circle():
r=float(input("Enter the radius of a circle:"))
print("Area of a circle:", 3.14*r**2)
30
 print("1. Square 2. Rectangle 3. Triangle 4. Circle")
n=int(input("Enter your choice:"))
if n==1:
square()
elif n==2:
rectangle()
elif n==3:
triangle()
elif n==4:
circle()
else:
print(“Invalid Choice”)

Output:

1. Square 2. Rectangle 3. Triangle 4.

CircleEnteryour choice:4

Enter the radius of a

circle:14Areaof

acircle:615.44

1. Square 2. Rectangle 3. Triangle 4.

CircleEnteryour choice:2

Enter the length of a

rectangle:12Enter the breath of a

rectangle: 15Areaof arectangle:

180.00

Result:

Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

31
Ex.No 7.A
ReversingaString
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto reverseastring.

Algorithm:
Step1:Read theinput str.
Step2: Using the colon operator, the string get
reversed.Step3:Printthereversedstring.

Program:
str=input("Enter the string:")
rev=str[::-1]
print("The reversed string is:",rev)
Output:
Enterthestring:python
Thereversedstringis:nohtyp

Result:

Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

32
Ex.No 7.B
CheckingPalindromeinaString
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogram tocheckwhetherthe givenstringisPalindrome.

Algorithm:

Step1:Starttheprogram.

Step2: Reversethestr usingthecolonoperator

Step3: If str==rev, print the given string is palindrome otherwise, go to

step4.Step4: printthe givenstringis notpalindrome.

Step4:Stoptheprogram.

Program:

str=input("Enter the string:")

rev=str[::-1]
ifstr==rev:
print("Given string is palindrome")
else:
print("Given string is not palindrome")

Output:

Enter the string:

AMMAGiven string is

palindromeEnter the string:

PROGRAMGivenstringisnotp

alindrome

Result:

Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

33
Ex.No 7.C
CountingCharactersinaString
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramtocount acharacterinastring.

Algorithm:
Step1:Gettheinputstrand ch.
Step2: Using the count method find the number of characters in str and assign it as
val.Step3:Print val
Step4:stoptheprogram.

Program:
str=input("Enter the string")
ch=input("Enter the character:")
val=str.count(ch)
print(val)

Output:
Enter the string: PYTHON
PROGRAMMINGEnterthecharacter: G
2

Result:

Thus,thegivenprogramsuccessfullyexecutedand practicallyverified.

34
Ex.No 7.C
ReplaceCharactersin aString
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto replacea characterinastring.

Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.
Step2:Gettheinput str,oldandnew.
Step4: By using replace method,replace old string by new
stringStep4:Print (str.replace(old,new))
Step5:Stoptheprogram

Program:
str=input("Enter the string:")

old=input("Enter the old string:")

new=input("Enter the new string:")

print(str.replace(old,new))

Output:
Enter the string:PYTHON

PROGRAMMINGEntertheold

string:PYTHON

Enterthenewstring:C PROGRAMMING

Result:

Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

35
Ex.No 8.A
ComparetheElementsoftheTwoPandasSeriesusingPandasLibrary
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto comparetheelements ofthetwoPandas seriesusingpandaslibrary.

Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.
Step2: ImportthelibraryfunctionPandas.
Step3: Give the inputs as ds1, ds2 in the form of
lists.Step4:ds1is interpreted asSeries1.
Step5:ds2isinterpretedasSeries2.
Step6:CompareSeries1andSeries2andfollowthesteps6.1,6.2,6.3.
6.1.ds1==ds2
6.2.ds1>ds26
.3.ds1<ds2

Program:
import pandas as pd
ds1 = pd.Series([2, 4, 6, 8, 10])
ds2 = pd.Series([1, 3, 5, 7, 10])
print("Series1:")
print(ds1)
print("Series2:")
print(ds2)
print("Compare the elements of the said Series:")
print("Equals:")
print(ds1 == ds2)
print("Greater than:")
print(ds1 > ds2)
print("Less than:")
print(ds1 < ds2)
Output:
Series1:
02
14
26
38
4 10
dtype:int64

36
Series2:
01
13
25
37
4 10
dtype:int64
Comparetheelements of thesaidSeries:
Equals:
0 False
1 False
2 False
3 False
4 Truedtype:
boolGreatert
han:
0 True
1 True
2 True
3 True
4 Falsedty
pe:
boolLessth
an:
0 False
1 False
2 False
3 False
4 Falsedty
pe:bool

Result:

Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

37
Ex.No 8.B
ToTestwhetherNoneof theElementsof aGiven
ArrayisZeroUsingNumpyLibrary
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogram totest whethernoneof theelements ofa givenarrayis
zero usingnumpylibrary.

Algorithm:
Step1:Start theprogram.Step2:Import
the numpy library as
np.Step3:Givethe input xasarray.
Step4:PrintxasOriginalArray.
Step5:Check whether any of the elements is zero or
not.Step6:print the statement.
Step7:Closetheprogram.

Program:
importnumpy as np
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print("Original array:")
print(x)
print("Test if none of the elements of the said array is zero:")
print(np.all(x))
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
print("Original array:")
print(x)
print("Test if none of the elements of the said array is zero:")
print(np.all(x))
Output:

Originalarray:
[1 2 3 4]
Testif noneofthe elementsof the said arrayis zero:
True
Originalarray:
[0 1 2 3]
Testif noneofthe elementsof the said arrayis zero:
False

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

38
Ex.No 8.C
ToPlotaGraphUsingMatplotlibLibrary
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogram toplotagraphusingmatplotliblibrary.

Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.
Step2:Importmatplotlib
andnumpyaspltandnprespectively.Step3:Giveinputxpointsand
ypoints intheformofarray.
Step4:Now plot the points using plt.plot
function.Step5:Display the graph using
plt.show() fuctionStep6:Closethe program.

Program:

importmatplotlib.pyplot as
pltimport numpyas np
xpoints = np.array([0,
6])ypoints = np.array([0,
250])plt.plot(xpoints,
ypoints)plt.show()

Output:

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

39
Ex.No 8.D
ToReturn theSpecifiedUnitinSecondsUsingScipyLibrary
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto returnthespecifiedunit inseconds(e.g.hour
returns3600.0)usingscipylibrary.

Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.

Step2:Importscipyasconstants.
Step3:PrintMinutes,Hours,Days,Weeks,Years, Julian_Year

Program:
fromscipy import
constantsprint(constants.mi
nute)print(constants.hour)pr
int(constants.day)print(cons
tants.week)print(constants.y
ear)print(constants.Julian_y
ear)Output:
60.0
3600.0
86400.0
604800.0
31536000.0
31557600.0

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

40
Ex.No 9.A
COPY FROMONEFILETOANOTHERFILE
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramtocopyfromonefiletoanotherfile.

Algorithm:
Step-1-Starttheprogram
Step-2- Get the source and destination file name as
input.Step-3-Read thesourcefileusingread
Step-4-Writeon thedestination file
Step-5- The file copy from the source file to the destination file using copy file
module.Step-6-Ifthefileissuccessfullycopied,thenshow„filecopiedsuccessfully‟
Step-7- Open the destination file and
read.Step-8-Close thefile.
Step-9-Stoptheprogram.

Program:
sfn=input("Entersourcefilename:")
dfn = input("Enter destination file name:
")sf=open(sfn,"r")
df = open(dfn,
"w")str =
sf.read()df.write(st
r)
print("File copied
successfully!")sf.close()
df.close()
sf2 = open(dfn,
"r")str2 =
sf2.read()print(str
2)sf2.close()
Output:
Enter source file name:
file1.txtEnter destination file name:
file2.txtFilecopied successfully!
Sunflower
JasmineR
oses

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

41
Ex.No 9.B
WORDCOUNTFROMFILE
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramtocountnumberofwordinafile.

Algorithm:
Step-1:Starttheprogram.

Step-2:Openthefilebyusingopenmoduleand readthefileas thetextformatdenotedby„rt‟.Step-

3:Read the file.

Step-4: Split the number of word in the

file.Step-5: Count the splited word and

display.Step-6:End the program.

Program:

file = open("F:\Data.txt",
"rt")data=file.read()
words=data.split()
print('Numberofwordsintextfile:',len(words))

Output:
Number ofwords in textfile: 36

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

42
Ex.No 9.C
FindingLongestWordinaFile
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramtofind thelongest wordinafile.

Algorithm:
Step-1-Starttheprogram.

Step-2- call the function longest_word() and give the

filename.Step-3-Endthe program

Subfunction()

Step-1-definethefunctionlongest_word()

Step-2- open the file and read and split the

words.Step-3- find the longest word in the splited

word.Step-4-Displaythelongest word.

Step-5-Endtheprogram.

Program:

deflongest_word(filename):
with open(filename, 'r') as
infile:words =
infile.read().split()maxword=max(
words,key=len)
returnmaxword
print(longest_word('ex9a.py'))

Output:

['collection']

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

43
Ex.No 10.A
DividebyZeroErrorusingExceptionHandling
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto handle divide yzero errorusingexception handling.

Algorithm:
Step-1- Start the
ProgramStep-2-
Getnum1,num2.
Step-3- Evaluate the result by
num1/num2.Step-4-print result.
Step-5- Otherwise display the
e.Step-6-Endtheprogram.
Program:

try:
num1=int(input("enter first number:"))
num2=int(input("enter second number:"))
result=num1/num2

exceptValueError as e:
print("invalid input")
exceptZeroDivisionError as e:
print(e)
else:
print(result)

Output:
enter first number:
33enter second
number:231.434782608
695652

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

44
Ex.No 10.B
VotersAgeValidityUsingExceptionHandling
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramtocheckvotersagevalidity.

Algorithm:
Step-1- Start the program by defining main
function.Step-2-Get theageas input.
Step-3- Check the condition age>18, display eligible to vote, otherwise, display not
eligible.Step-4-if thetryblock isnot executed, exceptionblockget executed.
Step-5-Stoptheprogram.
Program:
def main():
try:
age=int(input("enter your age : "))
if age>18:
print("eligible to vote")
else:
print("not eligible to vote")
exceptValueError as err:
print("an error occured : ",err)
main()

Output:
enter your
age18noteligibleto
vote

enter your
age45eligibletov
ote

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

45
Ex.No 10.C
StudentMark RangeValidation
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramto performstudentmarkrangevalidation.

Algorithm:
Step-1-Start theProgrambydefiningmainfunction.
Step-2- Get marks Step-3- using try Check if mark>=3 and mark<101 display pass and mark
isvalid,otherwisefail.
Step-4- Otherwise display the exception
block.Step-5-Stop theProgram.

Program:

def main():
try:
mark=int(input("Enter your mark:"))
if mark>=35 and mark<101:
print("pass and your mark is valid")
else:
print("fail and your mark is valid")
exceptValueError:
print("mark must be a valid number")
exceptIOError:
print("Enter correct valid mark")
except:
print("An Error occured")
main()

Output:
Enteryourmark:59
passandyourmarkisvalid

Enteryourmark:20
failandyourmarkisvalid

Enter yourmark:aa
markmust beavalidnumber

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

46
Ex.No 11
ExploringPygame
Date:

PYGAMEINSTALLATION
ToInstallPygameModuleSteps
1. Installpython 3.6.2intoC:\
2. Gotothislinktoinstallpygamewww.pygame.org/download.shtml

3. Click
pygame-1.9.3.tar.gz~2Manddownloadzarfile
4. ExtractthezarfileintoC:\Python36-32\Scriptsfolder
5. Open command
promptTypethefollowingcom
mand
C:\>py -m pip install pygame --
userCollectingpygame
Downloadingpygame-1.9.3-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl(4.0MB)

100%|████████████████████████████████|4.0MB
171kB/s

Installing collected
packages:pygameSuccessfull
y installedpygame-1.9.3
7. Now,pygameinstalledsuccessfully
47
8. Toseeifitworks,runoneoftheincludedexamplesinpygame-1.9.3

 Opencommandprompt
 Typethefollowing

C:\>cd Python36-32\Scripts\pygame-
1.9.3C:\Python36-32\Scripts\pygame-
1.9.3>cdexamples
C:\Python36-32\Scripts\pygame-
1.9.3\examples>aliens.pyC:\Python36-
32\Scripts\pygame-1.9.3\examples>

48
Ex.No 12
SimulateBouncingBallusingPygame
Date:

Aim:
Towriteapythonprogramtobouncingball inpygame.

Algorithm:
Step1:Starttheprogram.
Step2:Setscreensizeandbackgroundcolor.Step3:Se
tspeedofmovingball.
Step4: Createagraphicalwindowusingset_mode()Step5:
Setcaption.
Step6:LoadtheballimageandcreatearectangleareacoveringtheimageStep7:
Useblit() methodtocopy thepixel color of the ball
tothescreenStep8:Setbackgroundcolorofscreenanduseflip()methodto
makeallimagesvisible.
Step9:Movetheballinspecifiedspeed.
Step10:Ifballhitstheedgesofthescreenreversethedirection.
Step11: Createaninfinite loopandRepeat steps9and10untiluser quitstheprogram
Step12: Stoptheprogram

Program:

import sys,
pygamepygame.init
()
size = width, height = 700,
250speed=[1, 1]
background =255, 255,255
screen =
pygame.display.set_mode(size)pygame.displ
ay.set_caption("Bouncingball")ball
=pygame.image.load("ball.jpg")
ballrect =
ball.get_rect()while 1:
pygame.time.delay(2)
foreventinpygame.event.get():
ifevent.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()ballrect=ballrect.move(speed)
ifballrect.left< 0 or ballrect.right>
width:speed[0] = -speed[0]

49
ifballrect.top<0orballrect.bottom>height:

50
 speed[1] = -
speed[1]screen.fill(backgro
und)screen.blit(ball,
ballrect)pygame.display.flip
()
ball.jpg

Output:

Result:
Thus,thegiven programsuccessfullyexecutedandpracticallyverified.

51