Scribd
Upload
7 views13 pages

chem project antim

The document is a Chemistry Investigatory Project on 'Elevation in Boiling Point' submitted by Deepjyoti Roy under the guidance of Mr. Rajesh Kumar for the academic year 2024-25. It includes sections on colligative properties, an experiment to study the effects of various solutes on boiling point elevation, and discusses results, sources of error, and relevant bibliography. The findings indicate that the boiling point increases with the concentration of a non-volatile solute, confirming that boiling point elevation is a colligative property.

Uploaded by

nr107835
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views13 pages

chem project antim

The document is a Chemistry Investigatory Project on 'Elevation in Boiling Point' submitted by Deepjyoti Roy under the guidance of Mr. Rajesh Kumar for the academic year 2024-25. It includes sections on colligative properties, an experiment to study the effects of various solutes on boiling point elevation, and discusses results, sources of error, and relevant bibliography. The findings indicate that the boiling point increases with the concentration of a non-volatile solute, confirming that boiling point elevation is a colligative property.

Uploaded by

nr107835
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Kendriya Vidyalaya

ntp c kahalgaon

Chemistry Investigatory Project


2024-25

Topic: Elevation in Boiling Point


Guided By : Mr. RAJESH KUMAR
Submitted by : DEEPJYOTI ROY
CONTENT

1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
4. Types of colligative properties
5. Elevation in boiling point
6. Experiment
 Aim
 Materials required
 Observation
 Result
 Discussion and sources of
error
 Bibliography
Certificate
This is to certify that DEEPJYOTI ROY
of class 12 A, Kendriya Vidyalaya
NTPC Kahalgaon has successfully completed
the project on the topic “Elevation in
Boiling Point” under the guidance of Mr.
RAJESH KUMAR sir in session 2024-25.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Principal
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank the CBSE, for
providing me the opportunity to carry
out the investigatory project. I also
take this opportunity to express my
sincere gratitude to my chemistry
teacher Mr. Rajesh Kumar sir for
guiding me and improving a sound
base of knowledge pertaining to this
project which ensures the successful
completion of this project.
I wish to express my great thank to my
principal Dr. Jaya Pandey Mishra who
helped me to accomplish this project
by providing me all necessary facilities
and support.
Introduction
All the properties depend on the number
of solute particles irrespective of their
nature relative to the number of particles
present in the solution. Such properties
are called Colligative Properties.

It means that two solutions having


different components but same mole
fraction of solute can have identical
colligative properties.

Types of colligative properties


1. Relative lowering in vapor pressure
2. Elevation in boiling point
3. Depression in freezing point
4. Osmotic properties
Elevation in boiling point
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of
the liquid becomes equal to the external pressure
is called the boiling point.
The vapor pressure of the solution decreases
upon addition of non-volatile salute, according to
Raoult’s law. Hence boiling point of the solution
increases. The increase in boiling point of a liquid
when a nonvolatile solute is added in it is called
boiling point elevation.
The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with the
temperature. The boiling point of a solution is
always higher than that of the pure solvent in
which the solution is prepared. Similarly, to the
lowering vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point
also depends on the number of the solute
molecules rather than their nature.
ΔTb the boiling elevation, is defined
as Tb (solution) - Tb (pure solvent)
It depends upon the number of moles of the added
non-volatile solute.
For dilute solutions the elevation of boiling point (ΔTb)
is directly proportional to the molal concentration
of the solute in the solution.

ΔTb α m
Or ΔTb = Kb × m
‘m’ is molality of the solute (no. of moles of the solute
dissolved in 1 kg of solvent).

Kb = Ebullioscopic constant or molal elevation


constant, which depends on the solvent.
Unit of Kb is K kg\mol
If W2 gram of solute of the molar mass M2 is
dissolved in W1 gram of solvent, then molality, m
of the solution is given by the expression:

m= (W2\M2) ÷ (W1\1000) = (1000× W2) ÷ (M2 \ W1)


ΔTb = (Kb × 1000×W2)÷(M2×W1)

M2 = (1000 ×W2×Kb )÷(ΔTb ×W1)


EXPERIMENT

AIM:
To study the effects of various solutes on the
elevation of boiling point.
Materials Required:
1. Bunsen Burner
2. Tripod Stand
3. Wire Mesh
4. 250mL Flask
5. Glass Stirrer
6. Beckmann’s Thermometer
7. Solutes Under Investigation
8. Tap water

Procedure:
1. Set up the apparatus using a 250mL beaker
containing 200mL of the experimental solution.
2. Put the beaker on the tripod stand with a wire
mesh and use the Bunsen Burner to heat the
solution.
3. A celestial thermometer calibrated up to 110
degree Celsius is immersed in the solution in
the beaker with the help of a clamp stand.
4. The initial temperature taken before starting
the experiment was considered as the room
temperature.
5. At first find the boiling point of the tap water.
This temperature is taken as the standard
boiling point of the solution.
6. Now, prepare three different concentrations
of glucose and boil 250mL of each one by
one in the beaker.
7. Take the readings of the temperatures after
every 20 seconds.
8. After 90 seconds, take the readings after
every 10 seconds in order to easily find out
the concurrent result.
Observation table:
The boiling point of tap water as solvent is found to
be 99.3°C.
Least count of thermometer is =
0.1°C
Table for elevation in boiling
point:
Mass Molal Measured Elevation of
of concentration(mole\kg) temperature B.P from
solute of B.P (0°C) Experiment
(grams) (0°C)

Glucose 0.125 99.4 0.1


0.250 100.6 1.3
0.500 101.1 1.8
1.000 101.2 1.9

Result:
On increasing the concentration, the boiling point
of glucose increases.
Discussion and Sources of Error
Due to non-availability of distilled water, tap water was
used. Moreover, due to prolonged heating, some of the
solution evaporated bringing a change in the actual
concentrations. So, it can be suggested that increases in
the boiling point is dependent only on the number of
moles of solute.
The difference between theoretical predictions and
experimentally found values can be attributed to
experimental errors as experiment was not conducted in
controlled laboratory conditions.
It is proved that when a non-volatile solute is added to
volatile solvent, the boiling point of the solvent
increases. Also, this increase in boiling point is not
dependent on the nature of the solute but depends only
on the number is moles of the solute. Thus, this
elevation in boiling point is a colligative property.
Bibliography
 Chemistry textbook for class XII, part-1, NCERT
 Chemistry Laboratory Manual for class XII, NCERT
 www.wikipedia.org

You might also like