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PRE- Calculus Q1 WEEK-3 Module-3 Definition-AND-

Standard- Equation-OF-AN- Ellipse
Mathematics 4 (Pasig City Science High School)

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 - Module 3
Definition and Standard Equation
of an Ellipse

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Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Quarter 1-Module 3: Definition and Standard Equation of an Ellipse
Revised Copy 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Developers/Compilers : Lady Vi B. Costas, M. Ed. - SST I, Mabolo NHS

Content Editors : Jonah B. Bacalso - Head Teacher VI, CCNSHS

Roy C. Genares - Principal I, Sirao IS

Language Editors : Ma. Fe S. Macul, Ed. D. - MT II/School Head, Buhisan NHS

Jesusima B. Jumalon - Principal I, Punta Princesa NHS

Reviewer(s) : Marites V. Patino Ed. D. - EPS in Mathematics

Management Team : Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed. D. - SDS Cebu City Division
Bernadette A. Susvilla, Ed. D. - ASDS Cebu City Division
Grecia Bataluna, Ed. D. - EPS, CID Chief
Marites V. Patino Ed. D. - EPS in Mathematics
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 - Module 3
Definition and Standard Equation
of an Ellipse

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Introductory Message
Welcome to the Precalculus on Definition and Standard Equation of an Ellipse!

This module was designed to provide you with opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This part includes an activity that aims

What I Know
to check what you already know about
(Pre-Test)
the lesson to take.

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn
(Objectives)
in the module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you

What’s In
link the current lesson with the previous
(Review/Springboard)
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a
(Presentation of the Lesson) story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It of the lesson. This aims to help you
(Discussion) discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This section provides activities which will
What’s More
help you transfer your new knowledge or
(Application)
skill into real life situations or concerns.

What I Need To
This includes key points that you need
Remember
to remember.
(Generalization)

This comprises activities for

What I Can Do
independent practice to solidify your
(Enrichment Activities)
understanding and skills of the topic.

This is a task which aims to evaluate

Assessment
your level of mastery in achieving the
(Post Test)
learning competency.
This contains answers to the following:
● What I Know
Answer Key ● What’s In
● What’s More

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At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all resources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in this module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

About the Module

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about Ellipse. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged based on the Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs) released by the Department of Education (DepEd) for this
school year 2020 – 2021.

This module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Definition of ellipse
Lesson 2 – Derivation of the standard equation of ellipse

After going through this module, you are expected to:

deûne an ellipse; and

determine the standard form of equation of an ellipse.

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What I Know (Pretest)

Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answers to the following items. Write them
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is formed when the tilted plane intersects only one cone to form a bounded
curve.
A. Parabola B. Ellipse C. Circle D. Hyperbola
ý2 þ2
2. Given the equation of an ellipse + =1. Determine the foci of the ellipse.
25 16
A. �㔹1 (-3,0) and �㔹2 (3,0) C. �㔹1 (4,0) and �㔹2 (-4,0)
B. �㔹1 (0, -3) and �㔹2 (0,3) D. �㔹1 (0, -4) and �㔹2 (0,4)

3. What is the equation in standard form of the ellipse whose foci are �㔹1 (−8, 0)
and �㔹2 (8, 0), such that for any point on it, the sum of its distances from the
foci is 20?
ý2 þ2 ý2 þ2 þ2 ý2 þ2 ý2
A. + =1 B. + =1 C. + =1 D. + =1
100 36 36 100 36 100 100 36

4. What do you call the segment through the center of an ellipse perpendicular
to the major axis?
A. directrix C. minor axis
B. axis of symmetry D. asymptotes

5. If �㔹1 and �㔹2 are two disinct points. What do you call the set of all points P,
whose distances from �㔹1 and �㔹2 add up to a certain constant?
A. Parabola B. Ellipse C. Circle D. Hyperbola

6. What do you call the midpoint of both major axis and minor axis of an
ellipse?
A. Vertex B. Focus C. Center D. Co-vertex

7. Which of the following does NOT have the shape of an ellipse?

A. a football C. a whispering gallery
B. a satellite and planet orbits D. an olympic swimming pool

8. What is the standard equation of a horizontal ellipse with center (ℎ, �㕘)?
(ý2ℎ)2 (þ2�㕘)2 (ý2�㕘)2 (þ2ℎ)2
A. + =1 C. + =1
ÿ2 Ā2 Ā2 ÿ2
(ý2ℎ)2 (þ2�㕘)2 (ý2�㕘)2 (þ2ℎ)2
B. + 2 =1 D. + 2 =1
Ā2 ÿ ÿ2 Ā

9. The vertices of an ellipse are (±4,0) and the foci are (±2,0). What is the
standard equation?
(ý22)2 þ+4)2 ý2 þ2
A. +( =1 C. + =1
16 12 12 16
ý2 þ2 (ý+4)2 (þ22)2
B. + =1 D. + =1
16 12 16 12

10. What is the center of an ellipse with general equation:

9ý 2 +16þ 2 + 72ý 2 96þ + 144 = 0?
A. (3,5) B. (5, -4) C. (-4,3) D. (2, -4)

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ý2 þ2
11. What are the vertices of an ellipse with the equation + = 1?
169 25
A. (±13,0) B. (0, ±13) C. (±5,0) D. (0, ±5)

ý2 þ2
12. What are the foci of an ellipse with the equation + = 1?
144 169
A. (±13,0) B. (0, ±13) C. (±5,0) D. (0, ±5)

13. What are the co-vertices of an ellipse with standard equation:

(ý+7)2 (þ24)2
+ = 1?
16 25
A. þ1 (211, 4) and þ2 (23, 4) C. þ1 (211,4) and þ2 (24,0)
B. þ1 (24, 0) and þ2 (24, 6) D. þ1 (24, 0) and þ2 (23,4

14. The arch of a bridge is in the shape of a semi-ellipse, with its major axis at the
water level. Suppose the arch is 20 ft high in the middle, and 120 ft across its
major axis. How high above the water level is the arch, at a point 20 ft from
the center (horizontally)? Round off to 2 decimal places.
A. 18.90 ft B. 17.78 ft C. 18.86 ft D. 19.89 ft

15. Which of the following is the graph of an ellipse with equation:

(ý21)2 (þ23)2
+ = 1?
10 11
A. C.

B. D.

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Lesson Definition of Ellipse

1

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
o define ellipse; and
o identify various terms that will later be used to describe an ellipse.

What’s In

In geometry, when the plane

intersects only one cone to form a
bounded curve it is called an
ellipse.
Figure 1: Ellipse taken from the cone

What’s New

Activity 1.1: Drawing an Ellipse-The String Method (20 points)

Instruction: Follow the steps below to create an ellipse using the String Method.
Materials needed: 1 whole sheet of bond paper (or any paper), string (or thread), pen,
pins (thumbtacks), a straight edge and a piece of cardboard (or carton).

STEP 1: Using a straight edge, draw the

desired length of the ellipse’s
Major Axis.

STEP 2: Using a straight edge to draw

the Minor Axis. It should be
perpendicular to the Major
Axis and pass through the
center point again.

STEP 3: Locate focal points 1 and 2 by

using half the length of the
Major Axis to measure from
point C back to the Major Axis.

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STEP 4: Set pins (thumbtacks, nails, or

screws) at points1,2 and C.
Then tightly stretch a string
around three points and tie the
ends together. Observe that
the string has 2 lengths, C to
point 1 and C to point 2.

STEP 5: Keeping the string’s length set,

remove the pin from point C
and use the string as a guide
and pen to draw the ellipse.

After following the 5 steps above, answer the question below.

1. What have you observed from the sum of the length of the string as it moves
along and form the shape of an ellipse?

Rubrics for scoring:

Points Description
16-20 Followed the 5 steps and answered the question
11-15 Followed the 5 steps but did not answer the question
6-10 Followed the 3 steps only
1-5 Followed 1 steps
0 Followed NONE of the steps

NOTE: For modular class: Insert your output in your portfolio and submit on the
scheduled date of collection.
For online class: Take a picture of your output and send it to our Google
Classroom or messenger for checking.

What Is It

What is an ELLIPSE?

An ellipse is one of the conic sections that most students have not encountered
formally before, unlike circles and parabolas.

In the deûnition of a circle from Module 1, we ûxed a point called the center and
considered all the points which were a ûxed distance from that one point. A circle is
an ellipse where both foci are the same point. For our next conic section, the ellipse,
we ûx two distinct points and a distance to use in our deûnition (Stewart, 2012).

An ellipse is an oval curve that looks like an elongated circle. More precisely, we have
the following deûnition.

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Geometric definition of an Ellipse

An ellipse is the set of all points in the plane, the sum of whose distances from
two ûxed points and is constant. (See Figure 2.) These two ûxed points are the
foci (plural of focus) of the ellipse (Zeager, 2010).

Figure 2: Distance of one point to the Focal points of an ellipse

Your previous activity traces out an ellipse because the sum of the distances from
the point of the pencil to the foci will always equal to the length of the string, which
is constant.

The center of the ellipse is the midpoint of the line segment connecting the two foci.
The major axis of the ellipse is the line segment connecting two opposite ends of the
ellipse which also contains the center and foci. The minor axis of the ellipse is the
line segment connecting two opposite ends of the ellipse which contains the center
but is perpendicular to the major axis. The vertices of an ellipse are the points of
the ellipse which lie on the major axis. Notice that the center is also the midpoint of
the major axis, hence it is the midpoint of the vertices. In figure 3 below we have, an
ellipse with center �㔶, foci �㔹1 and �㔹2 and vertices ý1 and ý2 .

Figure 3: Coordinates of Ellipse

Ellipses are common in physics, astronomy and engineering. For example, the orbits
of the planets in our solar system around the sun happen to be elliptical in shape.
The same is true for moons orbiting planets and all other systems of two astronomical
bodies. The shapes of planets and stars are often well described by ellipsoids. Also,
just like parabolas, ellipses have reüective properties that have been used in the
construction of certain structures.

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What’s More

Activity 1.2: NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

Instruction: Based on your own understanding, draw an example of ellipse (vertical
or horizontal) and identify the coordinates of your vertices, co-vertices, foci, and
center. An example is shown below.
Vertices:
Example:

Foci:
Center:

What I Need to Remember

An ellipse is formed by a plane intersecting a cone at an angle to its base.

All ellipses have two focal points, or foci. The sum of the distances from
every point on the ellipse to the two foci is constant.
All ellipses have a center and a major and minor axis.

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Lesson
2 Standard Equation of an Ellipse

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
o determine standard and general equation of an ellipse; and
o identify the vertices, foci, major axis and minor axis of an ellipse through
a given equation.

What’s In

An ellipse is a shape that looks

like an oval or a flattened circle.
Circles are special cases of
ellipses, obtained when the cutting
plane is perpendicular to the cone's
axis. An ellipse is also the locus of
all points of the plane whose
Figure 4: Properties of ellipse in a cone
distances to two fixed points add to

What’s New

Consider the points �㔹1 (3,0) and �㔹2 (3,0), as shown in Figure 4 below. Using the
distance formula, find the sum of the distances of A (4,2.4) from �㔹1 and from �㔹2 . How
about the sum of the distances of B (and C (0,4)) from �㔹1 and from �㔹2 ?

Figure 5: Points in an Ellipse

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What Is It

Derivation of the Standard Equation of Ellipse

According to Garces (2010), in order to obtain the simplest equation for an ellipse,
we place the foci on the x-axis at �㔹1 (2ā, 0) and �㔹2 (ā, 0) so that the origin is halfway
between them (see Figure 6 on the next page). For later convenience, we let the sum
of the distances from a point on the ellipse to the foci 2ÿ. Then if �㕃(ý, þ) is any point
on the ellipse, we have �㕃�㔹1 + �㕃�㔹2 = 2ÿ.

Figure 6:
Derivation of

When collect here the features of the graph of an ellipse with standard equation
ý2 þ2
+ = 1 where ÿ > Ā. Let ā = √ÿ2 2 Ā 2 .
ÿ2 Ā2

Figure 7: The
minor and

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(1) center: origin (0 ,0)

(2) foci:�㔹1 (2ā, 0) and �㔹2 (ā, 0)
• Each focus is c units away from the center.
• For any point on the ellipse, the sum of its distances from the foci is 2ÿ.
(3) vertices: ý1 (2ÿ, 0) and ý2 (ÿ, 0)
• The vertices are points on the ellipse, collinear with the center and foci.
• If þ = 0, then ý = ±ÿ. Each vertex is ÿ units away from the center.
• The segment ý1 ý2 is called the major axis. Its length is 2ÿ. It divides the
ellipse into two congruent parts.
(4) covertices: þ1 (0, 2Ā) and þ2 (0, Ā)
• The segment through the center, perpendicular to the major axis, is the
minor axis. It meets the ellipse at the covertices. It divides the ellipse into two
congruent parts.
• If ý = 0, then þ = ±Ā. Each covertex is Ā units away from the center.
• The minor axis þ1 þ2 is 2Ā units long. Since ÿ > Ā, the major axis is longer
than the minor axis.

More Properties of Ellipses

The ellipses we have considered so far are <horizontal= and have the origin as their
centers. Some ellipses have their foci aligned vertically, and some have centers
not at the origin. Their standard equations and properties are given in the box.
The derivations are more involved, but are similar to the one above, and so are
not shown anymore.

In all four cases below, ÿ > Ā and ā = √ÿ2 2 Ā 2 . The foci �㔹1 and �㔹2 are ā units away
from the center. The vertices ý1 and ý2 are ÿ units away from the center, the
major axis has length 2ÿ, the covertices þ1 and þ2 are Ā units away from the
center, and the minor axis has length 2Ā. Recall that, for any point on the ellipse,
the sum of its distances from the foci is 2ÿ.

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In the standard equation, if the x-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is
horizontal. If the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical.

Examples:

1. Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, and covertices of the ellipse with
ý2 þ2
equation + = 1.
25 9

Solution:
and

x-part has the longest side thus, the major axis of

the ellipse is horizontal.
Center: (0,0)

foci: units from the center

Figure 8: vertices: units from the center
Graph of
co-vertices: units from the center

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2. Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and covertices of the ellipse
(ý+3)2 (þ25)2
with the given equation + = 1.
24 49

Solution:

and

y-part has the longest side thus, the major

axis of the ellipse is vertical.
Center: (-3,5)

foci: units from the center

vertices: units from the center
Figure 9:
Graph of co-vertices: units from the center

3. Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, and covertices of the ellipse with
equation 9ý 2 + 16þ 2 2 126ý + 64þ = 71.

We first change the given equation to standard form.

To write the equation of an Ellipse in standard form, follow the following

steps:
1. Group the same variables together on one side of the equation and position
the constant on the other side.
2. Complete the square in both variables as needed.
3. Divide both sides by the constant term so that the constant on the other
side of the equation becomes 1.

9(ý 2 2 14ý) + 16(þ 2 + 4þ) = 71

9(ý 2 2 14ý + 49) + 16(þ 2 + 4þ + 4 = 71 + 9(49) + 16(4)

9(ý 2 7)2 + 16(þ + 2)2 = 576
(ý27)2 (þ+2)2
+ =1
64 36
Solution:
and

x-part has the longest side thus, the major

axis of the ellipse is horizontal.
Center: (7, -2)
foci: units from the center
Figure 9: Graph of

11

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vertices: units from the center

co-vertices: units from the center

4. The foci of an ellipse are (3,6) and (3,2). For any point on the ellipse, the sum
of its distances from the foci is 14. Find the standard equation of the ellipse.

Solution: The midpoint (3,2) of the foci is the center of the ellipse. The ellipse
is vertical (because the foci are vertically aligned) and ā = 4. From the given
sum, 2ÿ = 14 so ÿ = 7. Also, Ā = √ÿ2 2 ā 2 = √33. The equation is,
(ý + 3)2 (þ + 2)2
+ =1
33 49

What’s More

Activity 1.2: NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

Instruction: Complete the table by filling out the center, foci, vertices, co-vertices, and
standard equation of ellipse. Number 1 is already done for your reference.

No equation center foci vertices co-

vertices
1 ý2 þ2 (0,0) �㔹1 (12, 0), ý1 (13, 0), þ1 (0, 25),
+ =1 �㔹2 (212, 0) ý2 (213, 0) þ2 (0, 5)
169 25
2 (ý 2 2)2 (þ + 3)2 (1) (2) ý1 (2, 0), (4)
+ =1 (3) ý2 (2, 26) (5)
4 9
3 9ý 2 + 25þ 2 2 54ý 2 50þ 2 119 = 0 (3, 1) (6) (7) ý1 ________, þ1 (3, 4),
ý2 (22, 1) (8)þ2 _________

4 (ý + 2)2 (þ 2 5)2 (9) �㔹1 (22, 7), (11) þ1 (26, 5),

+ =1 (10)�㔹2 ________ (12) þ2 (2, 5)
16 20

What I Need to Remember

When x-part has the largest denominator, the major axis

of ellipse is horizontal.
When the y-part has the largest denominator, the major
axis of ellipse is vertical.
To solve the co-vertices of an ellipse, use the equation .
horizontal parabolas.

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What I Can Do

Activity 1.3: LET’S GET REAL

Instruction: Answer the following.
1. Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and covertices of the ellipse
with equation 41ý 2 + 16þ 2 + 246ý + 192þ = 2289. Locate these coordinates in a
cartesian plane and sketch its graph.

2. Find the standard equation of the ellipse which satisûes the given conditions.
foci (7,6) and (1,6), the sum of the distances of any point from the foci is 14.

3. A tunnel has the shape of a semi-ellipse that is 15 ft high at the center, and
36 ft across at the base. At most how high should a passing truck be, if it is
12 ft wide, for it to be able to ût through the tunnel? Round off your answer
to two decimal places.

Figure 10:
Illustration of

13

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Answer Key
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
Required.

14

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References
Book
Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus: Teaching
Guide for Senior High School (pp. 31-40). Quezon City.

PDF File

15

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James Stewart et.al, Pre-Calculus: Mathematics for Calculus 6th edition (Belmont
CA, USA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning © 2012), 732-740

Zeager, J. (2010). Hooked in Conics. In J. Zeager, Precalculus: Version +�㔋, =

3Corrected editon (pp. 516-527). Lorain County Community College
Activities

Drawing an Ellipse: The String Method

https://mk0thisiscarpen83ynj.kinstacdn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06
/Full-Ellipse-string-method.pdf

Figures
Figure 1: Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus: Teaching
Guide for Senior High School (pp. ). Quezon City.

Figure 2: Zeager, J. (2010). Hooked in Conics. In J. Zeager, Precalculus: Version

+�㔋, = 3Corrected editon (pp. 517). Lorain County Community College

Figure 3: Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Parts_of_Parabola.
svgFigure
Figure 4: Reis, Marcelo 2004, Imagem importada da pt:
Wikipedia(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Conica
s1.PNG)

Figure 5: Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus: Teaching

Guide for Senior High School (pp. 32). Quezon City.
Figure 6: Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus: Teaching
Guide for Senior High School (pp. 32). Quezon City.
Figure 7: Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus: Teaching
Guide for Senior High School (pp. 34). Quezon City.

Figure 8: Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus: Teaching

Guide for Senior High School (pp. 37). Quezon City.
Figure 9: Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus: Teaching
Guide for Senior High School (pp. 38). Quezon City

Figure 10: Garces, I. J. (2016). Conic Sections. In I. J. Garces, Precalculus:

Teaching Guide for Senior High School (pp. 38). Quezon City.

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

▪ Name
▪ Grade and Section

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▪ Title of the Activity or Activity No.

2. Follow the date of submission of answer sheets as agreed with your
teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you AND return them at the end of the school year
or whenever face-to-face interaction is permitted.

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