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1a_Introduction to Computers

The document provides an introduction to computer organization, detailing the components such as hardware and software, and their roles in processing and storing data. It also discusses different types of computers, computer architecture, and the Internet's functionality and features. Additionally, it includes an assignment task focused on technological advances in computing that enhance power efficiency and performance.

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11 views

1a_Introduction to Computers

The document provides an introduction to computer organization, detailing the components such as hardware and software, and their roles in processing and storing data. It also discusses different types of computers, computer architecture, and the Internet's functionality and features. Additionally, it includes an assignment task focused on technological advances in computing that enhance power efficiency and performance.

Uploaded by

22100755
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• CES 1102L Computer Programming

Introduction to Computers

© 2019
Introduction to Computers

❑ Computer Organization
❑ Computer Parts
❑ Basic Organization and Architecture
❑ The Internet
Computer Organization

• Computer system
• is a combination of all the
components required to process
and store data using a computer.

• composed of multiple pieces of


hardware and software.
Computer Organization
• Hardware is the equipment, or the physical
devices, associated with a computer.

• Software is computer instructions that tell the


hardware what to do.
• System software comprises the programs that
you use to manage your computer

• Application software comprises all the programs


you apply to a task
Computer Organization
Computer Organization
• CPU - central processing unit Memory Input devices
Output devices Where decisions are made,
computations are performed, and input/output
requests are delegated

• Memory – Stores information being processed by the


CPU

• Input devices – Allows users to supply information to


computers

• Output devices – Allows users to receive information


from computers
Types of Computer
• Personal Computers - These are used by ordinary people
and professionals alike like PC, Mac, Laptops, Smartphones,
Tablets etc. for entertainment, gaming, internet and business.
• Servers - machines that typically handles information
requests from clients as well as storing information. They
operate extensively and is used to power the internet and
local area networks.
• Mainframe or Super Computers - a specialized computer
designed and built for heavy computing requirements such
as simulation and systems modelling. These machines could
occupy an entire office space. It also thousand times as
powerful as personal computer.
Parts of a Personal Computer (PC)
Typical Input/Output Devices of a PC
Computer Software
• A computer hardware is useless without a software!
• Software are programs designed to make the
computer perform certain tasks. It is classified into:
‣ System Software - software that manages the
computer’s resources (CPU, Memory, I/O) and
allows other programs to run. An operating
system is an example of a system software such
as Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Android, iOS etc.
‣ Application Software - software that is written
to perform tasks for a specific application such
as word processors, spreadsheets, web
browsers, media players, video editors, video
conferencing etc. Application software usually
requires an operating system for it to run.
Computer Architecture

• It is a discipline with many particular features,


ranging from translation of high-level language
programs through design of instruction set
architecture and microarchitecture to the logic-
level design of computers.
Computer Architecture
• Different computer architecture
are required in different
applications.
• For example: Intel’s x86
architecture is mostly used in
desktops, laptops and servers
while ARM Holdings’ ARM
(Advanced RISC Machine)
powers mostly of todays mobile
and multimedia devices such as
smartphones, smart TVs,
multimedia players.
Computer Architecture

x86 ARM
The Internet
• Internet is a system that interconnects the different
computer systems across the world.

• It uses the Internet protocol suite to link devices


located in different corners of the world.

• The Internet system carries an extensive range of


information resources and services including World
Wide Web (WWW), telephony, electronic mail, etc. It
uses standard internet protocols, such as TCP/IP and
HTTP, etc.
Features of Internet

• Accessibility
• Easy to Use
• Interaction with Other Media
• Low Cost
• Extension of Existing IT Technology
• Flexibility of Communication
• Security
Internet Usage

• Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter)


• Multimedia Streaming (Youtube, Spotify)
• E-Commerce (Amazon, E-bay)
• Telecommuting (Skype, Xoom)
• Collaborative Publishing (Wikipedia)
• Cloud Services (Google Drive, Dropbox)
• Cloud Computing (Microsoft Azure)
• E-Gaming (MMORPG)
Assignment:
The computer technology has evolved rapidly that a
smartphone today is more powerful than a desktop
computer from 10 years ago. Computers are also become
smaller, power efficient yet powerful.
List several technological advances on computing that
made computers now smaller, powerful while maintaining
power efficiency. Provide short descriptions on these
technologies.
Limit your to only two (2) pages (US Letter size). Find a way
to convert your document to PDF and upload it here. Please
take note of the due date and expiry date of this activity*.
* check out Canvas for more information
Document Information
Date Version Author Changes
June 2018 1.0 C.J. Labrador Initial draft.
August 30, 2019 1.1 Van B. Patiluna - “Number Systems” removed as a separate
slide.
- Revised assignment.

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