BUNDELKHAND INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JHANSI

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022-2023

PROJECT BASED LEARNING

TOPIC: LASER SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM

PROGRAMME: B. TECH. (FIRST YEAR 1ST SEMESTER)
BRANCH: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY- ADITYA CHAURASRIA (2200430400001)

- AMIT KUMAR (2200430400002)

- ANKIT Kr. GUPTA (2200430400003)

- ANKIT SINGH (2200430400004)

- ANMOL GUPTA (2200430400005)

SUBMITTED TO- Dr. Vimal Kishore

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends
largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take
this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been
instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I express
deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength for the
successful completion of the project. I express my heartfelt gratitude
to my parents for constant encouragement while carrying out this
project. I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals
who contributed in bringing this project up to this level, who continues
to look after me despite my flaws. I express my deep sense of
gratitude to the luminary The Director, BIET Jhansi, who has been
continuously motivating and extending their helping hand to us. I am
overwhelmed to express my thanks to The Administrative Officer for
providing me an infrastructure and moral support while carrying out
this project in the college. My sincere thanks to Dr. Vimal Kishore,
Master In-charge, A guide, Mentor all the above a friend, who critically
reviewed my project and helped in solving each and every problem,
occurred during implementation of the project. The guidance and
support received from all the members who contributed and who are
contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I
am grateful for their constant support.

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Group Project entitled “LASER SECURITY

ALARM SYSTEM” submitted by GROUP-1 is the bonafide work of
him submitted to Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Jhansi, UP for consideration in partial fulfilment of the
requirements of AKTU, Lucknow. An authentic work carried out by
him under my supervision and guidance. The original research work
was carried out by him under my supervision in the academic year
2022-23. On the basis of the declaration made by him I recommend
this project report for evaluation.

Certified By- Dr.Vimal Kishore

BIET JHANSI, UP

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. WORKING AND ITS PRINCIPLE
4. OBJECTIVE AND BLOCK DIAGRAM
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
6. COMPONENTS AND ITS DESCRIPTION
7. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
9. RESULT
10. CONCLUSION
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 ABSTRACT

The objective of this project is to design a Laser & LDR based Security
system. This is based on the principle of voltage divider circuit. when
the laser beam continuously falls on the LDR, the voltage drop across
it is very low as the resistance of LDR becomes less. And as soon as the
laser beam is intended by any means of object or a barrier the
voltage drop across it becomes high due to change in the LDR's
resistance. This triggers the alarm or siren in the circuit. This project is
very simple and helped us to learn more about the components we
generally use in our labs and has increased our knowledge to a
certain extend.

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 INTRODUCTION

Need of security is the basic necessity of any individual. The feeling

that we are safe and everything around us is all right is imperative for
a peaceful living. But in this unsafe world, when crime, error and
threats are on their peak, how can one attain that sense of security?
Here, laser security system provides us with a solution and for this
reason more and more people are installing them in order to stay safe
and secure. Various electronic security systems can be used at home
and other important working places for security and safety purposes.
Laser Security alarm is a device used for security purposes. rt has a
wide application in fields of security and defence starting from the
security of a simple house hold material to a very high valued material
of an organization. They once used to be expensive solutions for
security needs. owing to cost cutting and fast technological
advancements, this form of security system is becoming more
affordable.
We probably seen and word western movie where the good guys
settle down and run a string at ankle height around their camp, tying
it to a can filled with rocks. when the bad guys try to sneak up in the
middle of the night, they kick the wire and pull the can over, making a
rattle that awakens the sleeping good guys, who win the day. A laser
security system works around the same principle instead of a string,
there's a beam of light surrounding the area, and instead of a can of
rocks, there’s an alarm of one sort or another.

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 WORKING AND ITS PRINCIPLE

There are three essential components to a laser security system: a

laser, a detector and sensing circuit. The laser is a concentrated light
source that puts out a straight line, pencil beam of light of a single
colour. The detector is sensitive to light and puts out a voltage when
the laser light hits it. The detector is connected to the sensing circuit.
When the laser beam is interrupted and can’t reach the detector, its
voltage output changes, and the circuit sense the change and put out
a warning signal.
Lasers differ front other light sources in a few significant ways. There
are two features that are most important for security systems. Unlike
a lightbulb or flashlight, laser light doesn't spread out, it in a narrow
beam. And laser light is essentially a single colour. Because laser light
doesn't spread much, you can send it a long way and still have
enough enemy in a small area to trigger the security system
detector. Because it's a single wavelength, you can put a blocking
filter on the detector to let light through without letting background
light onto the detect.
Laser light travels in a straight line. If you just wanted to protect the
front of your yard, putting laser at one comer and the detector at the
other corner would do the job. That's not a very practical
configuration, though. More typically, you'll want to protect the
perimeter of a room, or at least the entrances. So laser security
systems start with a laser pointing to a small mirror. The first mirror
is angled to direct the beam to a second small mirror, and so on until
the final mirror directs the beam to the detector. If the beam is
intrrupted anywhere between the laser and the detector, the
electronics will out the warning signal.

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Laser security systems are available in many configurations, with
many levels of sophistication are do-it-yourself kits that will buzz or
ring when the beam is interrupted. The electronics also can be set to
trigger an auto-dialler that contacts local law enforcement or a
monitoring company. The electronics can also trigger the exterior
lights of the house to flash, helping police locate the house where the
alarm has been triggered.

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 OBJECTIVE AND BLOCK DIAGRAM

The core objective of this project is to design a laser security system

with laser and light dependent resistor, which will protect the
indivisual from crime, terror and threats in unsafe world in order to
stay safe and secure. A Laser security system can detect anything
which crosses the laser light and activate sound or noise, or it can call
through a cell phone which is attached to this system.

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The block diagram consists of:
1. Power supply for the Laser-It consists of a 9 volt battery with a
resistor of220 ohm attached to the laser.
2. Laser-This is the laser diode which acts as a light source and
continuously emits light to fall on the LDR
3. LDR-Light dependent resistor which acts as the detector.
4. Sensing circuit-The sensing circuit consists of all the
components required for the circuit such as transistors,
resistors, capacitors along with 9 volt power supply connection.
5. Alarm-The alarm is connected to the sensing circuit, the alarm
gives out the warning signal

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND SCHEMATIC
DIAGRAM

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 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages of Alarm Security
Systems:
Constant Protection
Appointing security guards or personally being there to protect the
property 24/7 is practically not possible. These security systems provide
round-the-clock protection against burglars and break-ins.

Strong Deterrent
Homes and commercial properties that have burglar alarm systems
installed are at a lesser risk of being targeted by intruders and burglars.
When infiltrators find out that you have an alarm system installed, they are
persuaded to move away from your property. Even if they are not aware of
its presence, the alarming sound will scare them off.

Uninterrupted Functionality
There are two types of alarm systems. Wireless alarm systems work on
batteries and not electricity. Which means they are effective during power-
cuts as well. Hardwired systems do not use batteries and consume
electricity from the source. So, there is no need of regular battery charging
or replacement.

Can Relocate
The alarm system devices can be disconnected and installed at different
places. It is easy to relocate both, wireless as well has wired alarm security
systems.

Special Alarm Systems

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Modern alarm security systems provide the ability to monitor the activities
happening on your property when you are away. There are security systems
that have an add-on feature of detecting fire or smoke. These systems will
instantly notify you during emergencies like a fire breakout, gas leak, or a
flood emergency.

Disadvantages of Alarm Security

Systems:
False Alarm
These security systems are prone to false alarms that involve the alarm
ringing when anyone from your family enters the restricted area. Or there
are instances when the alarm is triggered by itself without any reason

Expensive
Both, wireless and hardwired alarm systems are expensive to install. They
require an initial investment, which includes equipment cost, installation,
and subscription of security monitoring service.

Can be Stolen
Irrespective of the type of burglar alarm you have, it can be stolen from the
site where it is installed. Wireless systems are comparatively easier to
disconnect. Some burglars can easily disconnect the wired alarm systems.

Laser security systems have many advantages. They are simple to

install and can be used effectively inside or outside a home. The
systems can be used as a highly effective perimeter alarm for property
boundaries or even for pools, where customers can have the lasers set
to detect when small children come within a set number off front the
edge of the water. Indoors, the sensors utilize normal power outlets and
telephone jacks; outdoors, the sensors can be hidden beneath plants and
bushes and will not harm lawns or other vegetation. However, laser
security systems can be prohibitively expensive. While some security

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system plans allow for customers to target one room, plans that protect
large amount of land or an entire house will cost much more and can
be difficult for many customers to afford.

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 RESULT AND CONCLUSION

In our project Laser and LDR is the core of the laser security system.
The circuit is all about when the laser beam falling over the LDR
continuously is interrupted by the object in the field of laser net.
Hence the LDR develops an output voltage and the alarm rings
showing the sign of any intruders.
In this way it can reduce the problem of thefts and intruders in our day
to day life and it also helps in reducing manual works as this circuit is
automatically operating one.
The Laser Security System has been successfully designed and
developed. The buzzer is turned on as the laser beam falling on the
LDR is interrupted. The experimental model was made according to
the circuit diagram and the result were as expected.
The LDR has to be placed in dark place or inside a case so that the
other sources of light except the laser beam doesn't affect the LDR.
This helps the circuit to work faster and properly.
During the operation the laser beam is allowed to reflect through
mirror to mirror as shown in block diagram to create crisscross rays of
laser beams. This is beneficial for the advanced protection over a very
small objects.
The circuit consumes lots of energy to work and thus implanting this
system with AC connection using transformer and rectifier circuit
would give better performance. Also using of infrared laser could
make the laser net invisible to human eye. Use of microcontroller
could give better result for the laser security system.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.google.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3Sz7Ta24x0
www.studocu.com

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