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Langchain App Design

The document outlines the design of a Langchain app that processes PDF documents for question-answering using a pipeline of functions, including loading, splitting, embedding, and querying. It details the functionality of each component in the pipeline and discusses various vector storage solutions and cloud platforms for machine learning. The document also compares different cloud services, highlighting their pros and cons for machine learning applications.

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akius
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3 views

Langchain App Design

The document outlines the design of a Langchain app that processes PDF documents for question-answering using a pipeline of functions, including loading, splitting, embedding, and querying. It details the functionality of each component in the pipeline and discusses various vector storage solutions and cloud platforms for machine learning. The document also compares different cloud services, highlighting their pros and cons for machine learning applications.

Uploaded by

akius
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Langchain App Design

Summary:

Each function in the pipeline relies on the output of the previous step, creating a seamless flow
of data from loading the PDF to asking and answering questions about its content. The pipeline
utilizes embeddings and a pre-trained language model to enable question-answering on the
content of the PDF document.

Function Description:

● loadPDFFromLocal(pdf): This function takes the path of a PDF file as input and
attempts to load it using an UnstructuredPDFLoader class. If successful, it returns the
loaded PDF document. If an exception occurs during the loading process, it catches the
error and returns None.

● splitDocument(loaded_docs): This function takes the loaded PDF document as input


and splits it into smaller chunks of text using the CharacterTextSplitter class. The chunks
are typically of a fixed size with an overlap. The purpose of splitting the document is to
create smaller units for processing, as large documents may be computationally
expensive. If successful, it returns the chunked documents. If an exception occurs during
the splitting process, it catches the error and returns None.

● createEmbeddings(chunked_docs): This function takes the chunked documents as


input and creates numerical embeddings using the HuggingFaceEmbeddings class.
Embeddings are dense representations of the text data, allowing for semantic
understanding and similarity comparison. The embeddings are then stored in a FAISS
vector store. If successful, it returns the vector store. If an exception occurs during the
embedding creation process, it catches the error and returns None.

● loadLLMModel(): This function loads a pre-trained language model using the Hugging
Face Hub. Specifically, it loads the "flan-alpaca-large" model with specific keyword
arguments like "temperature": 0 and "max_length": 512. Additionally, it creates a
question-answering chain using the load_qa_chain function, where the language model
is used to answer questions related to the input documents. If successful, it returns the
question-answering chain. If an exception occurs during the loading process, it catches
the error and returns None.

● askQuestions(vector_store, chain, question): This function takes the vector store


(which contains the embeddings of the PDF chunks), the loaded question-answering
chain, and a specific question as input. It uses the vector store to find similar documents
related to the question (via similarity search). Then, it uses the question-answering chain
to answer the given question based on the most similar documents. If successful, it
returns the response (the answer to the question). If an exception occurs during the
process, it catches the error and returns None.

● create_vector_store(): This function acts as a pipeline to execute the entire process. It


first loads the PDF from a local file using loadPDFFromLocal, then splits the document
into chunks using splitDocument, and finally creates embeddings using
createEmbeddings. It then returns the resulting vector store.

● run_ask_questions(vector_store): This function executes the question-answering


process using the previously created vector store. It loads the language model using
loadLLMModel, and then uses askQuestions to ask a specific question related to the
content of the PDF. It returns the response (answer) to the question.

Function I/O

Loading PDF from Local (loadPDFFromLocal function):


● Input: Path to a PDF file (pdf_file_path).
● Output: loaded_docs (loaded PDF document).

Splitting Document (splitDocument function):


● Input: loaded_docs (loaded PDF document).
● Output: chunked_docs (list of smaller text chunks).

Creating Embeddings (createEmbeddings function):


● Input: chunked_docs (list of smaller text chunks).
● Output: vector_store (embedding representation of the chunks).

Loading LLM Model (loadLLMModel function):


● Input: None (No explicit input required).
● Output: chain (question-answering chain with a pre-trained language model).

Creating Vector Store (create_vector_store function):


● Input: pdf_file_path (path to a PDF file).
● Output: vector_store (embedding representation of the PDF content).

Asking Questions (askQuestions function):


● Input: vector_store (embedding representation of the chunks), chain (question-answering
chain), question (user-provided question).
● Output: response (answer to the user's question).

Running Ask Questions (run_ask_questions function):


● Input: vector_store (embedding representation of the PDF content).
● Output: response (answer to the predefined question).
Low Level Flow Diagram
Vector Storages:

Elastic:
Elastic can store and index vector representations of the data, making it possible to perform
similarity search and analytics on the vectors. It can be used to store vector embeddings and
other associated metadata for later retrieval.

FAISS:
FAISS is not a data store but a library for similarity search and clustering of dense vectors. It is
specifically designed for handling high-dimensional vectors efficiently and can complement other
data stores for similarity search tasks.

Redis:
Redis, with the RedisAI module, can be used to store and retrieve vector embeddings efficiently.
It provides low-latency access to vectors, which can be beneficial for real-time applications with
large language models.

MongoDB:
MongoDB can be used to store vector embeddings along with associated metadata. It supports
JSON-like data structures, making it suitable for storing varying types of data, including vectors.

Milvus:
Milvus is designed explicitly for similarity search and AI applications, including storing and
managing large-scale vector embeddings. It provides high-performance indexing and retrieval of
vectors, making it an excellent choice for LLM-related applications.
Chroma:
Chroma is a lightweight vector storage and retrieval system and could potentially handle vector
embeddings, but it might not be as feature-rich or optimized as dedicated vector databases like
Milvus.

Supabase:
Supabase can handle JSON data, which can be used to store vector embeddings along with
other associated information. However, it may not have specialized features for handling
large-scale similarity search tasks.

scikit-learn (sklearn):
scikit-learn is not a data store but a machine learning library. While it can be used for vector
operations and dimensionality reduction, it's not designed for large-scale data storage and
retrieval.

Considering the above, when storing vectors to be used with large language models,
specialized vector databases like Milvus are tailored for handling similarity search tasks
efficiently. However, other data stores like Elastic, Redis (with RedisAI), and MongoDB can also
be used effectively depending on the specific requirements and use cases of your application.
Be sure to consider factors such as data volume, query performance, and scalability while
making your decision.
Comparison of Cloud Solutions

Amazon SageMaker (AWS):


Pros:
● Fully managed service with end-to-end machine learning workflow support.
● Provides pre-configured environments for popular machine learning frameworks.
● Supports distributed training and model deployment at scale.
● Seamless integration with other AWS services.
● Offers specialized instance types (e.g., GPU-based instances) for efficient handling of
large language models.
Cons:
● Pricing can be complex and may become costly for high usage.

Google Cloud AI Platform (GCP):


Pros:
● Fully managed service with similar capabilities to Amazon SageMaker.
● Integrates well with other Google Cloud services.
● Provides access to specialized hardware accelerators like TPUs for high-performance
machine learning.
Cons:
● Like other cloud solutions, pricing can be a consideration for resource-intensive
workloads.

Microsoft Azure Machine Learning:


Pros:
● Comprehensive machine learning platform with robust tools and services.
● Supports distributed training and large-scale model deployment.
● Integrates seamlessly with other Azure services.
● Offers GPU and FPGA support for acceleration.
Cons:
● Some users may find the user interface and workflow a bit complex.

IBM Watson Machine Learning:


Pros:
● Managed service with support for popular machine learning frameworks.
● Provides scalability for handling large datasets and models.
● Integration with other IBM Cloud services.
Cons:
● Feature set may be less extensive compared to the major cloud providers.
Paperspace Gradient:
Pros:
● A cloud-based platform focused on machine learning and AI.
● Provides pre-configured environments for deep learning and NLP tasks.
● Supports GPU and TPU instances for performance optimization.
Cons:
● May have a smaller user base and ecosystem compared to major cloud providers.

FloydHub:
Pros:
● Cloud platform specifically designed for machine learning and data science.
● Easy to set up and use for training large models.
● Provides GPU and TPU support.
Cons:
● Smaller in scale compared to major cloud providers, potentially affecting service
availability and pricing.

Databricks:
Pros:
● Offers a collaborative workspace for big data and machine learning tasks.
● Integrates well with Apache Spark for scalable data processing.
● Provides GPU support for machine learning tasks.
Cons:
● May have a steeper learning curve for users new to Apache Spark and distributed
computing.

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