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 Igor V. Tetko · Věra Kůrková ·
Pavel Karpov · Fabian Theis (Eds.)

Artificial Neural Networks

and Machine Learning –
LNCS 11729

ICANN 2019
Image Processing
28th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks
Munich, Germany, September 17–19, 2019
Proceedings, Part III
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11729

Founding Editors
Gerhard Goos
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Juris Hartmanis
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Editorial Board Members

Elisa Bertino
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Wen Gao
Peking University, Beijing, China
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Gerhard Woeginger
RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Moti Yung
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7407
Igor V. Tetko Věra Kůrková
• •

Pavel Karpov Fabian Theis (Eds.)

•

Artificial Neural Networks

and Machine Learning –
ICANN 2019
Image Processing
28th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks
Munich, Germany, September 17–19, 2019
Proceedings, Part III

123
Editors
Igor V. Tetko Věra Kůrková
Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Institute of Computer Science
Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit Czech Academy of Sciences
und Umwelt (GmbH) Prague 8, Czech Republic
Neuherberg, Germany
Fabian Theis
Pavel Karpov Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches
Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH)
und Umwelt (GmbH) Neuherberg, Germany
Neuherberg, Germany

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-030-30507-9 ISBN 978-3-030-30508-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30508-6
LNCS Sublibrary: SL1 – Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
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 Preface

The fast development of machine learning methods is influencing all aspects of our life
and reaching new horizons of what we have previously considered being Artificial
Intelligence (AI). Examples include autonomous car driving, virtual assistants,
automated customer support, clinical decision support, healthcare data analytics,
financial forecast, and smart devices in the home, to name a few, which contribute to
the dramatic improvement in the quality of our lives. These developments, however,
also bring risks for significant hazards, which were not imaginable previously,
e.g., falsification of voice, videos, or even manipulation of people’s opinions during
elections. Many such developments become possible due to the appearance of large
volumes of data (“Big Data”). These proceedings include the theory and applications of
algorithms behind these developments, many of which were inspired by the functioning
of the brain.
The International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN) is the annual
flagship conference of the European Neural Network Society (ENNS). The 28th
International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2019) was
co-organized with the final conference of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative
Training Network European Industrial Doctorate “Big Data in Chemistry” (http://
bigchem.eu) project coordinated by Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH) to promote
the use of machine learning in Chemistry. The conference featured the main tracks
“Brain-Inspired Computing” and “Machine Learning Research.” Within the conference
the First International Workshop on Reservoir Computing as well as five special
sessions were organized, namely:
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Informed and Explainable Methods for Machine Learning
Deep Learning in Image Reconstruction
Machine Learning with Graphs: Algorithms and Applications
BIGCHEM: Big Data and AI in chemistry
A Challenge for Automatic Dog Age Estimation (DogAge) also took place as part
of the conference. The conference covered all main research fields dealing with neural
networks. ICANN 2019 was held during September 17–19, 2019, at Klinikum rechts
der Isar der Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Following a long-standing tradition, the proceedings of the conference were
published as Springer volumes belonging to the Lecture Notes in Computer Science
series. The conference had a historical record of 494 article submissions. The papers
went through a two-step peer-review process by at least two and in majority of cases by
three or four independent referees. In total, 503 Program Committee (PC) members and
reviewers participated in this process. The majority of PC members had Doctoral
degrees (88%) and 52% of them were also Professors. These reviewers were assigned
46 articles. The others were PhD students in the last years of their studies, who
vi Preface

reviewed one to two articles each. In total, for the 323 accepted articles, 975 and 985
reports were submitted for the first and the second revision sessions. Thus, on average,
each accepted article received 6.1 reports. A list of reviewers/PC Members, who agreed
to publish their names, are included in these proceedings.
Based on the reviewers’ comments, 202 articles were accepted and more than 100
articles were rejected after the first review. The remaining articles received an
undecided status. The authors of the accepted articles as well as of those with
undecided status were requested to address the reviewers’ comments within two weeks.
On the basis of second reviewers’ feedback, another 121 articles were accepted and the
authors were requested to include reviewers’ remarks into the final upload. Based on
these evaluations, diversity of topics, as well as recommendations of reviewers, special
session organizers, and PC Chairs, 120 articles were selected for oral presentations. Out
of the total number of 323 accepted articles (65% of initially submitted), 46
manuscripts were short articles with a length of five pages each, while the others were
full articles with an average length of 13 pages.
The accepted papers of the 28th ICANN conference were published as five volumes:
Volume I Theoretical Neural Computation
Volume II Deep Learning
Volume III Image Processing
Volume IV Text and Time series analysis
Volume V Workshop and Special Sessions
The authors of accepted articles came from 50 different countries. While the
majority of the articles were from academic researchers, the conference also attracted
contributions from manifold industries including automobile (Volkswagen, BMW,
Honda, Toyota), multinational conglomerates (Hitachi, Mitsubishi), electronics
(Philips), electrical systems (Thales), mobile (Samsung, Huawei, Nokia, Orange),
software (Microsoft), multinational (Amazon) and global travel technology (Expedia),
information (IBM), large (AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim) and medium (Idorsia
Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) pharma companies, fragrance and flavor (Firmenich),
architectural (Shimizu), weather forecast (Beijing Giant Weather Co.), robotics
(UBTECH Robotics Corp., SoftBank Robotics Group Corp.), contract research
organization (Lead Discovery Center GmbH), private credit bureau (Schufa), as well as
multiple startups. This wide involvement of companies reflects the increasing use of
artificial neural networks by the industry. Five keynote speakers were invited to give
lectures on the timely aspects of intelligent robot design (gentle robots), nonlinear
dynamical analysis of brain activity, deep learning in biology and biomedicine,
explainable AI, artificial curiosity, and meta-learning machines.
These proceedings provide a comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the
dynamically developing field of Artificial Neural Networks. They are of major interest
both for theoreticians as well as for applied scientists who are looking for new
 Preface vii

innovative approaches to solve their practical problems. We sincerely thank the

Program and Steering Committee and the reviewers for their invaluable work.

September 2019 Igor V. Tetko

Fabian Theis
Pavel Karpov
Věra Kůrková
 Organization

General Chairs
Igor V. Tetko Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Fabian Theis Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany

Honorary Chair
Věra Kůrková Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
(ENNS President)

Publication Chair
Pavel Karpov Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany

Local Organizing Committee Chairs

Monica Campillos Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Alessandra Lintas University of Lausanne, Switzerland

Communication Chair
Paolo Masulli Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Steering Committee
Erkki Oja Aalto University, Finland
Wlodzislaw Duch Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
Alessandro Villa University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Cesare Alippi Politecnico di Milano, Italy, and Università della
Svizzera italiana, Switzerland
Jérémie Cabessa Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas, France
Maxim Fedorov Skoltech, Russia
Barbara Hammer Bielefeld University, Germany
Lazaros Iliadis Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Petia Koprinkova-Hristova Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Antonis Papaleonidas Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Jaakko Peltonen University of Tampere, Finland
Antonio Javier Pons Rivero Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Yifat Prut The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel
Paul F. M. J. Verschure Catalan Institute of Advanced Studies, Spain
Francisco Zamora-Martínez Veridas Digital Authentication Solutions SL, Spain
x Organization

Program Committee
Nesreen Ahmed Intel Labs, USA
Narges Ahmidi Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Tetiana Aksenova Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies
alternatives, France
Elie Aljalbout Technical University Munich, Germany
Piotr Antonik CentraleSupélec, France
Juan Manuel Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Moreno-Arostegui
Michael Aupetit Qatar Computing Research Institute, Qatar
Cristian Axenie Huawei German Research Center Munich, Germany
Davide Bacciu University of Pisa, Italy
Noa Barbiro Booking.com, Israel
Igor Baskin Moscow State University, Russia
Christian Bauckhage Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany
Costas Bekas IBM Research, Switzerland
Barry Bentley The Open University, UK
Daniel Berrar Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Soma Bhattacharya Expedia, USA
Monica Bianchini Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
François Blayo NeoInstinct, Switzerland
Sander Bohte Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, The Netherlands
András P. Borosy QualySense AG, Switzerland
Giosuè Lo Bosco Universita’ di Palermo, Italy
Farah Bouakrif University of Jijel, Algeria
Larbi Boubchir University Paris 8, France
Maria Paula Brito University of Porto, Portugal
Evgeny Burnaev Skoltech, Russia
Mikhail Burtsev Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russia
Jérémie Cabessa Université Panthéon Assas (Paris II), France
Francisco de Assis Tenório Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
de Carvalho
Wolfgang Graf zu Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Castell-Ruedenhausen
Stephan Chalup University of Newcastle, Australia
Hongming Chen AstraZeneca, Sweden
Artem Cherkasov University of British Columbia, Canada
Sylvain Chevallier Université de Versailles, France
Vladimir Chupakhin Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, USA
Djork-Arné Clevert Bayer, Germany
Paulo Cortez University of Minho, Portugal
Gennady Cymbalyuk Georgia State University, USA
Maximilien Danisch Pierre and Marie Curie University, France
Tirtharaj Dash Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, India
Tyler Derr Michigan State University, USA
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 Organization xi

Sergey Dolenko Moscow State University, Russia

Shirin Dora University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Werner Dubitzky Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Wlodzislaw Duch Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
Ujjal Kr Dutta Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
Mohamed El-Sharkawy Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, USA
Mohamed Elati Université de Lille, France
Reda Elbasiony Tanta University, Egypt
Mark Embrechts Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Sebastian Engelke University of Geneva, Switzerland
Ola Engkvist AstraZeneca, Sweden
Manfred Eppe University of Hamburg, Germany
Peter Erdi Kalamazoo College, USA
Peter Ertl Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research,
Switzerland
Igor Farkaš Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
Maxim Fedorov Skoltech, Russia
Maurizio Fiasché F-engineering Consulting, Italy
Marco Frasca University of Milan, Italy
Benoît Frénay Université de Namur, Belgium
Claudio Gallicchio Università di Pisa, Italy
Udayan Ganguly Indian Institute of Technology at Bombay, India
Tiantian Gao Stony Brook University, USA
Juantomás García Sngular, Spain
José García-Rodríguez University of Alicante, Spain
Erol Gelenbe Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics,
Poland
Petia Georgieva University of Aveiro, Portugal
Sajjad Gharaghani University of Tehran, Iran
Evgin Goceri Akdeniz University, Turkey
Alexander Gorban University of Leicester, UK
Marco Gori Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
Denise Gorse University College London, UK
Lyudmila Grigoryeva University of Konstanz, Germany
Xiaodong Gu Fudan University, China
Michael Guckert Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Germany
Benjamin Guedj Inria, France, and UCL, UK
Tatiana Valentine Guy Institute of Information Theory and Automation,
Czech Republic
Fabian Hadiji Goedle.io, Germany
Abir Hadriche University of Sfax, Tunisia
Barbara Hammer Bielefeld University, Germany
Stefan Haufe ERC Research Group Leader at Charité, Germany
Dominik Heider Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany
Matthias Heinig Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Christoph Henkelmann DIVISIO GmbH, Germany
xii Organization

Jean Benoit Héroux IBM Research, Japan

Christian Hidber bSquare AG, Switzerland
Martin Holeňa Institute of Computer Science, Czech Republic
Adrian Horzyk AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Jian Hou Bohai University, China
Lynn Houthuys Thomas More, Belgium
Brian Hyland University of Otago, New Zealand
Nicolangelo Iannella University of Oslo, Norway
Lazaros Iliadis Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Francesco Iorio Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
Olexandr Isayev University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Keiichi Ito Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Nils Jansen Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Noman Javed Université d’Orléans, France
Wenbin Jiang Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
China
Jan Kalina Institute of Computer Science, Czech Republic
Argyris Kalogeratos Université Paris-Saclay, France
Michael Kamp Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany
Dmitry Karlov Skoltech, Russia
Pavel Karpov Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
John Kelleher Technological University Dublin, Ireland
Adil Mehmood Khan Innopolis, Russia
Rainer Kiko GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung,
Germany
Christina Klüver Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Taisuke Kobayashi Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
Ekaterina Komendantskaya University of Dundee, UK
Petia Koprinkova-Hristova Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Irena Koprinska University of Sydney, Australia
Constantine Kotropoulos Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Ilias Kotsireas Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada
Athanasios Koutras University of Peloponnese, Greece
Piotr Kowalski AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Valentin Kozlov Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Germany
Dean J. Krusienski Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
Adam Krzyzak Concordia University, Canada
Hanna Kujawska University of Bergen, Norway
Věra Kůrková Institute of Computer Science, Czech Republic
Sumit Kushwaha Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, India
Anna Ladi Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany
Ward Van Laer Ixor, Belgium
Oliver Lange Google Inc., USA
Jiyi Li University of Yamanashi, Japan
Lei Li Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China
 Organization xiii

Spiros Likothanassis University of Patras, Greece

Christian Limberg Universität Bielefeld, Germany
Alessandra Lintas University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Viktor Liviniuk MIT, USA, and Skoltech, Russia
Doina Logofatu Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Vincenzo Lomonaco Università di Bologna, Italy
Sock Ching Low Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Spain
Abhijit Mahalunkar Technological University Dublin, Ireland
Mufti Mahmud Nottingham Trent University, UK
Alexander Makarenko National Technical University of Ukraine - Kiev
Polytechnic Institute, Ukraine
Kleanthis Malialis University of Cyprus, Cyprus
Fragkiskos Malliaros University of Paris-Saclay, France
Gilles Marcou University of Strasbourg, France
Urszula Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
Markowska-Kaczmar
Carsten Marr Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Giuseppe Marra University of Firenze, Italy
Paolo Masulli Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Siamak Mehrkanoon Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Stefano Melacci Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
Michael Menden Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Sebastian Mika Comtravo, Germany
Nikolaos Mitianoudis Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Valeri Mladenov Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
Hebatallah Mohamed Università degli Studi Roma, Italy
Figlu Mohanty International Institute of Information Technology
at Bhubaneswar, India
Francesco Carlo Morabito University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Jerzy Mościński Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Henning Müller University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland,
Switzerland
Maria-Viorela Muntean University of Alba-Iulia, Romania
Phivos Mylonas Ionian University, Greece
Shinichi Nakajima Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
Kohei Nakajima University of Tokyo, Japan
Chi Nhan Nguyen Itemis, Germany
Florian Nigsch Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research,
Switzerland
Giannis Nikolentzos École Polytechnique, France
Ikuko Nishikawa Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Harri Niska University of Eastern Finland
Hasna Njah ISIM-Sfax, Tunisia
Dimitri Nowicki Institute of Cybernetics of NASU, Ukraine
Alessandro Di Nuovo Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Stefan Oehmcke University of Copenhagen, Denmark
xiv Organization

Erkki Oja Aalto University, Finland

Luca Oneto Università di Pisa, Italy
Silvia Ortin Institute of Neurosciences (IN) Alicante, Spain
Ivan Oseledets Skoltech, Russia
Dmitry Osolodkin Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS, Russia
Sebastian Otte University of Tübingen, Germany
Latifa Oukhellou The French Institute of Science and Technology
for Transport, France
Vladimir Palyulin Moscow State University, Russia
George Panagopoulos École Polytechnique, France
Massimo Panella Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
Antonis Papaleonidas Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Evangelos Papalexakis University of California Riverside, USA
Daniel Paurat Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany
Jaakko Peltonen Tampere University, Finland
Tingying Peng Technische Universität München, Germany
Alberto Guillén Perales Universidad de Granada, Spain
Carlos Garcia Perez Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Isabelle Perseil INSERM, France
Vincenzo Piuri University of Milan, Italy
Kathrin Plankensteiner Fachhochschule Vorarlberg, Austria
Isabella Pozzi Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, The Netherlands
Mike Preuss Leiden University, The Netherlands
Yifat Prut The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Eugene Radchenko Moscow State University, Russia
Rajkumar Ramamurthy Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany
Srikanth Ramaswamy Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL),
Switzerland
Beatriz Remeseiro Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
Xingzhang Ren Alibaba Group, China
Jean-Louis Reymond University of Bern, Switzerland
Cristian Rodriguez Rivero University of California, USA
Antonio Javier Pons Rivero Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Andrea Emilio Rizzoli IDSIA, SUPSI, Switzerland
Florian Röhrbein Technical University Munich, Germany
Ryan Rossi PARC - a Xerox Company, USA
Manuel Roveri Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Vladimir Rybakov WaveAccess, Russia
Maryam Sabzevari Aalto University School of Science and Technology,
Finland
Julio Saez-Rodriguez Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg, Germany
Yulia Sandamirskaya NEUROTECH: Neuromorphic Computer Technology,
Switzerland
Carlo Sansone University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Sreela Sasi Gannon University, USA
Burak Satar Uludag University, Turkey
 Organization xv

Axel Sauer Munich School of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,

Germany
Konstantin Savenkov Intento, Inc., USA
Hanno Scharr Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
Tjeerd olde Scheper Oxford Brookes University, UK
Rafal Scherer Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Maria Secrier University College London, UK
Thomas Seidl Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
Rafet Sifa Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany
Pekka Siirtola University of Oulu, Finland
Prashant Singh Uppsala University, Sweden
Patrick van der Smagt Volkswagen AG, Germany
Maximilian Soelch Volkswagen Machine Learning Research Lab,
Germany
Miguel Cornelles Soriano Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain
Miguel Angelo Abreu Sousa Institute of Education Science and Technology, Brazil
Michael Stiber University of Washington Bothell, USA
Alessandro Sperduti Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
Ruxandra Stoean University of Craiova, Romania
Nicola Strisciuglio University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Irene Sturm Deutsche Bahn AG, Germany
Jérémie Sublime ISEP, France
Martin Swain Aberystwyth University, UK
Zoltan Szabo Ecole Polytechnique, France
Kazuhiko Takahashi Doshisha University, Japan
Fabian Theis Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Germany
Philippe Thomas Universite de Lorraine, France
Matteo Tiezzi University of Siena, Italy
Ruben Tikidji-Hamburyan Louisiana State University, USA
Yancho Todorov VTT, Finland
Andrei Tolstikov Merck Group, Germany
Matthias Treder Cardiff University, UK
Anton Tsitsulin Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn,
Germany
Yury Tsoy Solidware Co. Ltd., South Korea
Antoni Valencia Independent Consultant, Spain
Carlos Magno Valle Technical University Munich, Germany
Marley Vellasco Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
Sagar Verma Université Paris-Saclay, France
Paul Verschure Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Spain
Varvara Vetrova University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Ricardo Vigário University Nova’s School of Science and Technology,
Portugal
Alessandro Villa University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Bruno Villoutreix Molecular informatics for Health, France
xvi Organization

Paolo Viviani Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy

George Vouros University of Piraeus, Greece
Christian Wallraven Korea University, South Korea
Tinghuai Wang Nokia, Finland
Yu Wang Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), Germany
Roseli S. Wedemann Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Thomas Wennekers University of Plymouth, UK
Stefan Wermter University of Hamburg, Germany
Heiko Wersing Honda Research Institute and Bielefeld University,
Germany
Tadeusz Wieczorek Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Christoph Windheuser ThoughtWorks Inc., Germany
Borys Wróbel Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland
Jianhong Wu York University, Canada
Xia Xiao University of Connecticut, USA
Takaharu Yaguchi Kobe University, Japan
Seul-Ki Yeom Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
Hujun Yin University of Manchester, UK
Junichiro Yoshimoto Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
Qiang Yu Tianjin University, China
Shigang Yue University of Lincoln, UK
Wlodek Zadrozny University of North Carolina Charlotte, USA
Danuta Zakrzewska Technical University of Lodz, Poland
Francisco Zamora-Martínez Veridas Digital Authentication Solutions SL, Spain
Gerson Zaverucha Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Junge Zhang Institute of Automation, China
Zhongnan Zhang Xiamen University, China
Pengsheng Zheng Daimler AG, Germany
Samson Zhou Indiana University, USA
Riccardo Zucca Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Spain
Dietlind Zühlke Horn & Company Data Analytics GmbH, Germany

Exclusive Platinum Sponsor for the Automotive Branch

Keynote Talks
 Recurrent Patterns of Brain Activity
Associated with Cognitive Tasks and Attractor
Dynamics (John Taylor Memorial Lecture)

Alessandro E. P. Villa

NeuroHeuristic Research Group, University of Lausanne,

Quartier UNIL-Chamberonne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
[email protected]
http://www.neuroheuristic.org

The simultaneous recording of the time series formed by the sequences of neuronal
discharges reveals important features of the dynamics of information processing in the
brain. Experimental evidence of firing sequences with a precision of a few milliseconds
have been observed in the brain of behaving animals. We review some critical findings
showing that this activity is likely to be associated with higher order neural (mental)
processes, such as predictive guesses of a coming stimulus in a complex sensorimotor
discrimination task, in primates as well as in rats. We discuss some models of evolvable
neural networks and their nonlinear deterministic dynamics and how such complex
spatiotemporal patterns of firing may emerge. The attractors of such networks corre-
spond precisely to the cycles in the graphs of their corresponding automata, and can
thus be computed explicitly and exhaustively. We investigate further the effects of
network topology on the dynamical activity of hierarchically organized networks of
simulated spiking neurons. We describe how the activation and the
biologically-inspired processes of plasticity on the network shape its topology using
invariants based on algebro-topological constructions. General features of a brain
theory based on these results is presented for discussion.
 Unsupervised Learning: Passive and Active

Jürgen Schmidhuber

Co-founder and Chief Scientist, NNAISENSE, Scientific Director,

Swiss AI Lab IDSIA and Professor of AI, USI & SUPSI, Lugano, Switzerland

I’ll start with a concept of 1990 that has become popular: unsupervised learning
without a teacher through two adversarial neural networks (NNs) that duel in a
mini-max game, where one NN minimizes the objective function maximized by the
other. The first NN generates data through its output actions while the second NN
predicts the data. The second NN minimizes its error, thus becoming a better predictor.
But it is a zero sum game: the first NN tries to find actions that maximize the error
of the second NN. The system exhibits what I called “artificial curiosity” because the
first NN is motivated to invent actions that yield data that the second NN still finds
surprising, until the data becomes familiar and eventually boring. A similar adversarial
zero sum game was used for another unsupervised method called “predictability
minimization,” where two NNs fight each other to discover a disentangled code of the
incoming data (since 1991), remarkably similar to codes found in biological brains. I’ll
also discuss passive unsupervised learning through predictive coding of an agent’s
observation stream (since 1991) to overcome the fundamental deep learning problem
through data compression. I’ll offer thoughts as to why most current commercial
applications don’t use unsupervised learning, and whether that will change in the
future.
 Machine Learning and AI for the Sciences—
Towards Understanding

Klaus-Robert Müller

Machine Learning Group, Technical University of Berlin, Germany

In recent years machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have
begun to play a more and more enabling role in the sciences and in industry. In
particular, the advent of large and/or complex data corpora has given rise to new
technological challenges and possibilities.
The talk will connect two topics (1) explainable AI (XAI) and (2) ML applications
in sciences (e.g. Medicine and Quantum Chemistry) for gaining new insight. Specifi-
cally I will first introduce XAI methods (such as LRP) that are now readily available
and allow for an understanding of the inner workings of nonlinear ML methods ranging
from kernel methods to deep learning methods including LSTMs. In particular XAI
allows unmasking clever Hans predictors. Then, ML for Quantum Chemistry is dis-
cussed, showing that ML methods can lead to highly useful predictors of quantum
mechanical properties of molecules (and materials) reaching quantum chemical accu-
racies both across chemical compound space and in molecular dynamics simulations.
Notably, these ML models do not only speed up computation by several orders of
magnitude but can give rise to novel chemical insight. Finally, I will analyze mor-
phological and molecular data for cancer diagnosis, also here highly interesting novel
insights can be obtained.
Note that while XAI is used for gaining a better understanding in the sciences, the
introduced XAI techniques are readily useful in other application domains and industry
as well.
Visit https://ebooknice.com to
discover a wide range of
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Enjoy exclusive deals and
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 Large-Scale Lineage and Latent-Space
Learning in Single-Cell Genomic

Fabian Theis

Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH),

Germany
http://comp.bio

Accurately modeling single cell state changes e.g. during differentiation or in response
to perturbations is a central goal of computational biology. Single-cell technologies
now give us easy and large-scale access to state observations on the transcriptomic and
more recently also epigenomic level, separately for each single cell. In particular they
allow resolving potential heterogeneities due to asynchronicity of differentiating or
responding cells, and profiles across multiple conditions such as time points and
replicates are being generated.
Typical questions asked to such data are how cells develop over time and after
perturbation such as disease. The statistical tools to address these questions are tech-
niques from pseudo-temporal ordering and lineage estimation, or more broadly latent
space learning. In this talk I will give a short review of such approaches, in particular
focusing on recent extensions towards large-scale data integration using single-cell
graph mapping or neural networks, and finish with a perspective towards learning
perturbations using variational autoencoders.
 The Gentle Robot

Sami Haddadin

Technical University of Munich, Germany

Enabling robots for interaction with humans and unknown environments has been one
of the primary goals of robotics research over decades. I will outline how
human-centered robot design, nonlinear soft-robotics control inspired by human neu-
romechanics and physics grounded learning algorithms will let robots become a
commodity in our near-future society. In particular, compliant and energy-controlled
ultra-lightweight systems capable of complex collision handling enable
high-performance human assistance over a wide variety of application domains.
Together with novel methods for dynamics and skill learning, flexible and easy-to-use
robotic power tools and systems can be designed. Recently, our work has led to the first
next generation robot Franka Emika that has recently become commercially available.
The system is able to safely interact with humans, execute and even learn sensitive
manipulation skills, is affordable and designed as a distributed interconnected system.
 Contents – Part III

Image Denoising

Unsharp Masking Layer: Injecting Prior Knowledge in Convolutional

Networks for Image Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Jose Carranza-Rojas, Saul Calderon-Ramirez, Adán Mora-Fallas,
Michael Granados-Menani, and Jordina Torrents-Barrena

Distortion Estimation Through Explicit Modeling

of the Refractive Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Szabolcs Pável, Csanád Sándor, and Lehel Csató

Eye Movement-Based Analysis on Methodologies and Efficiency

in the Process of Image Noise Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Cheng Peng, Qing Xu, Yuejun Guo, and Klaus Schoeffmann

IBDNet: Lightweight Network for On-orbit Image Blind Denoising. . . . . . . . 41

Ling Li, Junxing Hu, Yijun Lin, Fengge Wu, and Junsuo Zhao

Object Detection

Aggregating Rich Deep Semantic Features for Fine-Grained Place

Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Tingyu Wei, Wenxin Hu, Xingjiao Wu, Yingbin Zheng, Hao Ye,
Jing Yang, and Liang He

Improving Reliability of Object Detection for Lunar Craters Using

Monte Carlo Dropout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Tomoyuki Myojin, Shintaro Hashimoto, Kenji Mori, Keisuke Sugawara,
and Naoki Ishihama

An Improved Convolutional Neural Network for Steganalysis

in the Scenario of Reuse of the Stego-Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Bartosz Czaplewski

A New Learning-Based One Shot Detection Framework

for Natural Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Sen Na and Ruoyu Yan

Dense Receptive Field Network: A Backbone Network

for Object Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Fei Gao, Chengguang Yang, Yisu Ge, Shufang Lu, and Qike Shao
xxvi Contents – Part III

Referring Expression Comprehension via Co-attention and Visual Context . . . 119

Youming Gao, Yi Ji, Ting Xu, Yunlong Xu, and Chunping Liu

Comparison Between U-Net and U-ReNet Models in OCR Tasks . . . . . . . . . 131

Brian B. Moser, Federico Raue, Jörn Hees, and Andreas Dengel

Severe Convective Weather Classification in Remote Sensing Images

by Semantic Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Ming Yuan, Zhilei Chai, and Wenlai Zhao

Action Recognition Based on Divide-and-Conquer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Guanghua Tan, Rui Miao, and Yi Xiao

An Adaptive Feature Channel Weighting Scheme

for Correlation Tracking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Zhen Zhang, Chao Wang, and Xiqun Lu

In-Silico Staining from Bright-Field and Fluorescent Images Using

Deep Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Dominik Jens Elias Waibel, Ulf Tiemann, Valerio Lupperger,
Henrik Semb, and Carsten Marr

Image Segmentation

A Lightweight Neural Network for Hard Exudate Segmentation

of Fundus Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Song Guo, Tao Li, Kai Wang, Chan Zhang, and Hong Kang

Attentional Residual Dense Factorized Network for Real-Time

Semantic Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Lulu Yang, Long Lan, Xiang Zhang, Xuhui Huang, and Zhigang Luo

Random Drop Loss for Tiny Object Segmentation: Application

to Lesion Segmentation in Fundus Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Song Guo, Tao Li, Chan Zhang, Ning Li, Hong Kang, and Kai Wang

Flow2Seg: Motion-Aided Semantic Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Xiangtai Li, Jiangang Bai, Kuiyuan Yang, and Yunhai Tong

COCO_TS Dataset: Pixel–Level Annotations Based on Weak

Supervision for Scene Text Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Simone Bonechi, Paolo Andreini, Monica Bianchini,
and Franco Scarselli
 Contents – Part III xxvii

Occluded Object Recognition

Learning Deep Structured Multi-scale Features for Crisp and Object

Occlusion Edge Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Zihao Dong, Ruixun Zhang, and Xiuli Shao

Graph-Boosted Attentive Network for Semantic Body Parsing . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Tinghuai Wang and Huiling Wang

A Global-Local Architecture Constrained by Multiple Attributes

for Person Re-identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Chao Liu and Hongyang Quan

Recurrent Connections Aid Occluded Object Recognition

by Discounting Occluders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Markus Roland Ernst, Jochen Triesch, and Thomas Burwick

Learning Relational-Structural Networks for Robust Face Alignment . . . . . . . 306

Congcong Zhu, Xing Wang, Suping Wu, and Zhenhua Yu

Gesture Recognition

An Efficient 3D-NAS Method for Video-Based Gesture Recognition . . . . . . . 319

Ziheng Guo, Yang Chen, Wei Huang, and Junhao Zhang

Robustness of Deep LSTM Networks in Freehand Gesture Recognition . . . . . 330

Monika Schak and Alexander Gepperth

Saliency Detection

Delving into the Impact of Saliency Detector: A GeminiNet

for Accurate Saliency Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Tao Zheng, Bo Li, Delu Zeng, and Zhiheng Zhou

FCN Salient Object Detection Using Region Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Yikai Hua and Xiaodong Gu

Object-Level Salience Detection by Progressively Enhanced Network . . . . . . 371

Wang Yuan, Haichuan Song, Xin Tan, Chengwei Chen, Shouhong Ding,
and Lizhuang Ma

Perception

Action Unit Assisted Facial Expression Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Fangjun Wang and Liping Shen
xxviii Contents – Part III

Discriminative Feature Learning Using Two-Stage Training Strategy

for Facial Expression Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Lei Gan, Yuexian Zou, and Can Zhang

Action Units Classification Using ClusWiSARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Leopoldo A. D. Lusquino Filho, Gabriel P. Guarisa, Luiz F. R. Oliveira,
Aluizio Lima Filho, Felipe M. G. França, and Priscila M. V. Lima

Automatic Estimation of Dog Age: The DogAge Dataset and Challenge . . . . 421
Anna Zamansky, Aleksandr M. Sinitca, Dmitry I. Kaplun,
Luisa M. L. Dutra, and Robert J. Young

Motion Analysis

Neural Network 3D Body Pose Tracking and Prediction

for Motion-to-Photon Latency Compensation
in Distributed Virtual Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Sebastian Pohl, Armin Becher, Thomas Grauschopf, and Cristian Axenie

Variational Deep Embedding with Regularized Student-t Mixture Model . . . . 443

Taisuke Kobayashi

A Mixture-of-Experts Model for Vehicle Prediction Using an Online

Learning Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Florian Mirus, Terrence C. Stewart, Chris Eliasmith, and Jörg Conradt

Analysis of Dogs’ Sleep Patterns Using Convolutional Neural Networks . . . . 472

Anna Zamansky, Aleksandr M. Sinitca, Dmitry I. Kaplun,
Michael Plazner, Ivana G. Schork, Robert J. Young,
and Cristiano S. de Azevedo

On the Inability of Markov Models to Capture Criticality

in Human Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Vaibhav Kulkarni, Abhijit Mahalunkar, Benoit Garbinato,
and John D. Kelleher

LSTM with Uniqueness Attention for Human Activity Recognition . . . . . . . . 498

Zengwei Zheng, Lifei Shi, Chi Wang, Lin Sun, and Gang Pan

Comparative Research on SOM with Torus and Sphere Topologies

for Peculiarity Classification of Flat Finishing Skill Training . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Masaru Teranishi, Shimpei Matsumoto, and Hidetoshi Takeno

Generating Images

Generative Creativity: Adversarial Learning for Bionic Design . . . . . . . . . . . 525

Simiao Yu, Hao Dong, Pan Wang, Chao Wu, and Yike Guo
 Contents – Part III xxix

Self-attention StarGAN for Multi-domain Image-to-Image Translation . . . . . . 537

Ziliang He, Zhenguo Yang, Xudong Mao, Jianming Lv, Qing Li,
and Wenyin Liu

Generative Adversarial Networks for Operational Scenario Planning

of Renewable Energy Farms: A Study on Wind and Photovoltaic . . . . . . . . . 550
Jens Schreiber, Maik Jessulat, and Bernhard Sick

Constraint-Based Visual Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Giuseppe Marra, Francesco Giannini, Michelangelo Diligenti,
and Marco Gori

Text to Image Synthesis Based on Multiple Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Zhiqiang Zhang, Yunye Zhang, Wenxin Yu, Jingwei Lu, Li Nie, Gang He,
Ning Jiang, Gang He, Yibo Fan, and Zhuo Yang

Disentangling Latent Factors of Variational Auto-encoder with Whitening . . . 590

Sangchul Hahn and Heeyoul Choi

Training Discriminative Models to Evaluate Generative Ones . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Timothée Lesort, Andrei Stoian, Jean-François Goudou,
and David Filliat

Scene Graph Generation via Convolutional Message Passing

and Class-Aware Memory Embeddings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Yidong Zhang, Yunhong Wang, and Yuanfang Guo

Attacks on Images

Change Detection in Satellite Images Using Reconstruction Errors

of Joint Autoencoders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Ekaterina Kalinicheva, Jérémie Sublime, and Maria Trocan

Physical Adversarial Attacks by Projecting Perturbations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Nils Worzyk, Hendrik Kahlen, and Oliver Kramer

Improved Forward-Backward Propagation to Generate

Adversarial Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Yuying Hao, Tuanhui Li, Yang Bai, Li Li, Yong Jiang,
and Xuanye Cheng

Incremental Learning of GAN for Detecting Multiple Adversarial Attacks . . . 673

Zibo Yi, Jie Yu, Shasha Li, Yusong Tan, and Qingbo Wu

Evaluating Defensive Distillation for Defending Text Processing Neural

Networks Against Adversarial Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Marcus Soll, Tobias Hinz, Sven Magg, and Stefan Wermter
xxx Contents – Part III

DCT: Differential Combination Testing of Deep Learning Systems . . . . . . . . 697

Chunyan Wang, Weimin Ge, Xiaohong Li, and Zhiyong Feng

Restoration as a Defense Against Adversarial Perturbations

for Spam Image Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Jianguo Jiang, Boquan Li, Min Yu, Chao Liu, Weiqing Huang,
Lejun Fan, and Jianfeng Xia

HLR: Generating Adversarial Examples by High-Level Representations. . . . . 724

Yuying Hao, Tuanhui Li, Li Li, Yong Jiang, and Xuanye Cheng

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

Image Denoising
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Glebe
1914/01 (Vol. 1, No. 4): Love of One's
Neighbor
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
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Title: The Glebe 1914/01 (Vol. 1, No. 4): Love of One's Neighbor

Author: Leonid Andreyev

Editor: Alfred Kreymborg

Man Ray

Translator: Thomas Seltzer

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GLEBE

1914/01 (VOL. 1, NO. 4): LOVE OF ONE'S NEIGHBOR ***
T he only editorial policy of THE GLEBE is that embodied in its
declaration of absolute freedom of expression, which makes for
a range broad enough to include every temperament from the
most radical to the most conservative, the only requisite being that
the work should have unmistakable merit. Each issue will be
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ALFRED KREYMBORG
LOVE OF ONE’S NEIGHBOR
LOVE OF ONE’S NEIGHBOR
BY
LEONID ANDREYEV

AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION BY
THOMAS SELTZER

NEW YORK
ALBERT AND CHARLES BONI
96 FIFTH AVENUE
1914
 Copyright, 1914
By
Albert and Charles Boni
 LOVE OF ONE’S NEIGHBOR
Scene. A wild place in the mountains.
(A man in an attitude of despair is standing on a tiny projection of
a rock that rises almost sheer from the ground. How he got there it
is not easy to say, but he cannot be reached either from above or
below. Short ladders, ropes and sticks show that attempts have been
made to save the unknown person, but without success.
It seems that the unhappy man has been in that desperate
position a long time. A considerable crowd has already collected,
extremely varied in composition. There are venders of cold drinks;
there is a whole little bar behind which the bartender skips about out
of breath and perspiring—he has more on his hands than he can
attend to; there are peddlers selling picture postal cards, coral
beads, souvenirs, and all sorts of trash. One fellow is stubbornly
trying to dispose of a tortoise-shell comb, which is really not
tortoise-shell. Tourists keep pouring in from all sides, attracted by
the report that a catastrophe is impending—Englishmen, Americans,
Germans, Russians, Frenchmen, Italians, etc., with all their peculiar
national traits of character, manner and dress. Nearly all carry
alpenstocks, field-glasses and cameras. The conversation is in
different languages, all of which, for the convenience of the reader,
we shall translate into English.
At the foot of the rock where the unknown man is to fall, two
policemen are chasing the children away and partitioning off a
space, drawing a rope around short stakes stuck in the ground. It is
noisy and jolly.)
Policeman. Get away, you loafer! The man’ll fall on your head and
then your mother and father will be making a hullabaloo about it.
Boy. Will he fall here?
 Policeman. Yes, here.
Boy. Suppose he drops farther?
Second Policeman. The boy is right. He may get desperate and
jump, land beyond the rope and hit some people in the crowd. I
guess he weighs at least about two hundred pounds.
First Policeman. Move on, move on, you! Where are you going? Is
that your daughter, lady? Please take her away! The young man will
soon fall.
Lady. Soon? Did you say he is going to fall soon? Oh, heavens, and
my husband’s not here!
Little Girl. He’s in the café, mamma.
Lady (desperately). Yes, of course. He’s always in the café. Go call
him, Nellie. Tell him the man will soon drop. Hurry! Hurry!
Voices. Waiter!—Garçon—Kellner—Three beers out here!—No
beer?—What?—Say, that’s a fine bar—We’ll have some in a moment
—Hurry up—Waiter!—Waiter!—Garçon!
First Policeman. Say, boy, you’re here again?
Boy. I wanted to take the stone away.
Policeman. What for?
Boy. So he shouldn’t get hurt so badly when he falls.
Second Policeman. The boy is right. We ought to remove the stone.
We ought to clear the place altogether. Isn’t there any sawdust or
sand about?
(Two English tourists enter. They look at the unknown man
through field-glasses and exchange remarks.)
First Tourist. He’s young.
Second Tourist. How old?
First Tourist. Twenty-eight.
 Second Tourist. Twenty-six. Fright has made him look older.
First Tourist. How much will you bet?
Second Tourist. Ten to a hundred. Put it down.
First Tourist (writing in his note-book. To the policeman). How did
he got up there? Why don’t they take him off?
Policeman. They tried, but they couldn’t. Our ladders are too short.
Second Tourist. Has he been here long?
Policeman. Two days.
First Tourist. Aha! He’ll drop at night.
Second Tourist. In two hours. A hundred to a hundred.
First Tourist. Put it down. (He shouts to the man on the rock.)
How are you feeling? What? I can’t hear you.
Unknown Man (in a scarcely audible voice). Bad, very bad.
Lady. Oh, heavens, and my husband is not here!
Little Girl (running in). Papa said he’ll get here in plenty of time.
He’s playing chess.
Lady. Oh, heavens! Nellie, tell him he must come. I insist. But
perhaps I had rather— Will he fall soon, Mr. Policeman? No? Nellie,
you go. I’ll stay here and keep the place for papa.
(A tall, lanky woman of unusually independent and military
appearance and a tourist dispute for the same place. The tourist, a
short, quiet, rather weak man, feebly defends his rights; the woman
is resolute and aggressive.)
Tourist. But, lady, it is my place. I have been standing here for
two hours.
Military Woman. What do I care how long you have been standing
here. I want this place. Do you understand? It offers a good view,
and that’s just what I want. Do you understand?
 Tourist (weakly). It’s what I want, too.
Military Woman. I beg your pardon, what do you know about these
things anyway?
Tourist. What knowledge is required? A man will fall. That’s all.
Military Woman (mimicking). “A man will fall. That’s all.” Won’t you
have the goodness to tell me whether you have ever seen a man
fall? No? Well, I did. Not one, but three. Two acrobats, one rope-
walker and three aeronauts.
Tourist. That makes six.
Military Woman (mimicking). “That makes six.” Say, you are a
mathematical prodigy. And did you ever see a tiger tear a woman to
pieces in a zoo, right before your eyes? Eh? What? Yes, exactly.
Now, I did— Please! Please!
(The tourist steps aside, shrugging his shoulders with an air of
injury, and the tall woman triumphantly takes possession of the
stone she has won by her prowess. She sits down, spreading out
around her her bag, handkerchiefs, peppermints, and medicine
bottle, takes off her gloves and wipes her field-glass, glancing
pleasantly on all around. Finally she turns to the lady who is waiting
for her husband in the café.)
Military Woman (amiably). You will tire yourself out, dear. Why
don’t you sit down?
Lady. Oh, my, don’t talk about it. My legs are as stiff as that rock
there.
Military Woman. Men are so rude nowadays. They will never give
their place to a woman. Have you brought peppermints with you?
Lady (frightened). No. Why? Is it necessary?
Military Woman. When you keep looking up a long time you are
bound to get sick. Sure thing. Have you spirits of ammonia? No?
Good gracious, how thoughtless! How will they bring you back to
consciousness when he falls? You haven’t any smelling salts either, I
dare say. Of course not. Have you anybody to take care of you,
seeing that you are so helpless yourself?
Lady (frightened). I will tell my husband. He is in the café.
Military Woman. Your husband is a brute.
Policeman. Whose coat is this? Who threw this rag here?
Boy. It’s mine. I spread my coat there so that he doesn’t hurt
himself so badly when he falls.
Policeman. Take it away.
(Two tourists armed with cameras contending for the same
position.)
First Tourist. I wanted this place.
Second Tourist. You wanted it, but I got it.
First Tourist. You just came here. I have had this place for two
days.
Second Tourist. Then why did you go without even leaving your
shadow?
First Tourist. I wasn’t going to starve myself to death.
Comb-Vender (mysteriously). Tortoise-shell.
Tourist (savagely). Well?
Vender. Genuine tortoise-shell.
Tourist. Go to the devil.
Third Tourist, Photographer. For heaven’s sake, lady, you’re sitting
on my camera!
Little Lady. Oh! Where is it?
Tourist. Under you, under you, lady.
Little Lady. I am so tired. What a wretched camera you have. I
thought it felt uncomfortable and I was wondering why. Now I
know; I am sitting on your camera.
 Tourist (agonized). Lady!
Little Lady. I thought it was a stone. I saw something lying there
and I thought: A queer-looking stone; I wonder why it’s so black. So
that’s what it was; it was your camera. I see.
Tourist (agonized). Lady, for heaven’s sake!
Little Lady. Why is it so large, tell me. Cameras are small, but this
one is so large. I swear I never had the faintest suspicion it was a
camera. Can you take my picture? I would so much like to have my
picture taken with the mountains here for a background, in this
wonderful setting.
Tourist. How can I take your picture if you are sitting on my
camera?
Little Lady (jumping up, frightened). Is it possible? You don’t say
so. Why didn’t you tell me so? Does it take pictures?
Voices. Waiter, one beer!—What did you bring wine for?—I gave
you my order long ago.—What will you have, sir?—One minute.—In
a second. Waiter!—Waiter—Toothpicks!—
(A fat tourist enters in haste, panting, surrounded by a numerous
family.)
Tourist (crying). Mary! Aleck! Jimmie!—Where is Mary? For God’s
sake! Where is Mary?
Student (dismally). Here she is, papa.
Tourist. Where is she? Mary!
Girl. Here I am, papa.
Tourist. Where in the world are you? (He turns around.) Ah, there!
What are you standing back of me for? Look, look! For goodness
sake, where are you looking?
Girl (dismally). I don’t know, papa.
Tourist. No, that’s impossible. Imagine! She never once saw a
lightning flash. She always keeps her eyes open as wide as onions,
but the instant it flashes she closes them. So she never saw
lightning, not once. Mary, you are missing it again. There it is! You
see!
Student. She sees, papa.
Tourist. Keep an eye on her. (Suddenly dropping into tone of
profound pity.) Ah, poor young man. Imagine! He’ll fall from that
high rock. Look, children, see how pale he is! That should be a
lesson to you how dangerous climbing is.
Student (dismally). He won’t fall to-day, papa!
Second Girl. Papa, Mary has closed her eyes again.
First Student. Let us sit down, papa! Upon my word, he won’t fall
to-day. The porter told me so. I can’t stand it any more. You’ve been
dragging us about every day from morning till night visiting art
galleries.
Tourist. What’s that? For whose benefit am I doing this? Do you
think I enjoy spending my time with a dunce?
Second Girl. Papa, Mary is blinking her eyes again.
Second Student. I can’t stand it either. I have terrible dreams.
Yesterday I dreamed of garçons the whole night long.
Tourist. Jimmie.
First Student. I have gotten so thin I am nothing but skin and
bones. I can’t stand it any more, father. I’d rather be a farmer, or
tend pigs.
Tourist. Aleck.
First Student. If he were really to fall—but it’s a fake. You believe
every lie told you! They all lie. Baedecker lies, too. Yes, your
Baedecker lies!
Mary (dismally). Papa, children, he’s beginning to fall.
(The man on the rock shouts something down into the crowd.
There is general commotion. Voices, “Look, he’s falling.” Field-
glasses are raised; the photographers, violently agitated, click their
cameras; the policemen diligently clean the place where he is to
fall.)
Photographer. Oh, hang it! What is the matter with me? The devil!
When a man’s in a hurry—
Second Photographer. Brother, your camera is closed.
Photographer. The devil take it.
Voices. Hush! He’s getting ready to fall.— No, he’s saying
something.—No, he’s falling.—Hush!
Unknown Man on the Rock (faintly). Save me! Save me!
Tourist. Ah, poor young man. Mary, Jimmie, there’s a tragedy for
you. The sky is clear, the weather is beautiful, and has he to fall and
be shattered to death? Can you realize how dreadful that is, Aleck?
Student (wearily). Yes, I can realize it.
Tourist. Mary, can you realize it? Imagine. There is the sky. There
are people enjoying themselves and partaking of refreshments.
Everything is so nice and pleasant, and he has to fall. What a
tragedy! Do you remember Hamlet?
Second Girl (prompting). Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, of Alsinore.
James. Of Helsingfors, I know. Don’t bother me, father!
Mary (dismally). He dreamed about garçons all night long.
Aleck. Why don’t you order sandwiches, father.
Comb-Vender (mysteriously). Tortoise-shell. Genuine tortoise-shell.
Tourist (credulously). Stolen?
Vender. Why, sir, the idea!
Tourist (angrily). Do you mean to tell me it’s genuine if it isn’t
stolen? Go on. Not much.
Military Woman (amiably). Are all these your children?
 Tourist. Yes, madam. A father’s duty. You see, they are protesting.
It is the eternal conflict between fathers and children. Here is such a
tragedy going on, such a heart-rending tragedy—Mary, you are
blinking your eyes again.
Military Woman. You are quite right. Children must be hardened to
things. But why do you call this a terrible tragedy? Every roofer,
when he falls, falls from a great height. But this here—what is it? A
hundred, two hundred feet. I saw a man fall plumb from the sky.
Tourist (overwhelmed). You don’t say?
Aleck. Children, listen. Plumb from the sky.
Military Woman. Yes, yes. I saw an aeronaut drop from the clouds
and go crash upon an iron roof.
Tourist. How terrible!
Military Woman. That’s what I call a tragedy. It took two hours to
bring me back to consciousness, and all that time they pumped
water on me, the scoundrels. I was nearly drowned. From that day
on I never step out of the door without taking spirits of ammonia
with me.
(Enter a strolling troop of Italian singers and musicians: a short,
fat tenor, with a reddish beard and large, watery, stupidly dreamy
eyes, singing with extraordinary sweetness; a skinny humpback with
a jockey cap, and a screeching baritone; a bass who is also a
mandolinist, looking like a bandit; a girl with a violin, closing her
eyes when she plays, so that only the whites are seen. They take
their stand and begin to sing: “Sul mare luccica—Santa Lucia, Santa
Lucia—”)
Mary (dismally). Papa, children, look. He is beginning to wave his
hands.
Tourist. Is that the effect the music has upon him?
Military Woman. Quite possible. Music usually goes with such
things. But that’ll make him fall sooner than he should. Musicians, go
away from here! Go!
(A tall tourist, with up-curled mustache, violently gesticulating,
enters, followed by a small group attracted by curiosity.)
Tall Tourist. It’s scandalous. Why don’t they save him? Ladies and
gentlemen, you all heard him shout: “Save me.” Didn’t you?
The Curious (in chorus). Yes, yes, we heard him.
Tall Tourist. There you are. I distinctly heard these words: “Save
me! Why don’t they save me?” It’s scandalous. Policemen,
policemen! Why don’t you save him? What are you doing there?
Policemen. We are cleaning up the place for him to fall.
Tall Tourist. That’s a sensible thing to do, too. But why don’t you
save him? You ought to save him. If a man asks you to save him, it
is absolutely essential to save him. Isn’t it so, ladies and gentlemen?
The Curious (in chorus). True, absolutely true. It is essential to
save him.
Tall Tourist (with heat). We are not heathens, we are Christians.
We should love our neighbors. When a man asks to be saved every
measure which the government has at its command should be taken
to save him. Policeman, have you taken every measure?
Policeman. Every one!
Tall Tourist. Every one without exception? Gentleman, every
measure has been taken. Listen, young man, every measure has
been taken to save you. Did you hear?
Unknown Man (in a scarcely audible voice). Save me!
Tall Tourist (excitedly). Gentlemen, did you hear? He again asked
to be saved. Policeman, did you hear?
One of the Curious (timidly). It is my opinion that it is absolutely
necessary to save him.
Tall Tourist. That’s right. Exactly. Why, that’s what I have been
saying for the last two hours. Policeman, do you hear? It is
scandalous.
One of the Curious (a little bolder). It is my opinion that an appeal
should be made to the highest authority.
The Rest (in chorus). Yes, yes, a complaint should be made. It is
scandalous. The government ought not to leave any of its citizens in
danger. We all pay taxes. He must be saved.
Tall Tourist. Didn’t I say so? Of course we must put up a
complaint. Young man! Listen, young man. Do you pay taxes? What?
I can’t hear.
Tourist. Jimmie, Katie, listen! What a tragedy! Ah, the poor young
man! He is soon to fall and they ask him to pay a domiciliary tax.
Kate (the girl with glasses, pedantically). That can hardly be called
a domicile, father. The meaning of domicile is—
James (pinching her). Lickspittle.
Mary (wearily). Papa, children, look! He’s again beginning to fall.
(There is excitement in the crowd, and again a bustling and
shouting among the photographers.)
Tall Tourist. We must hurry, ladies and gentlemen. He must be
saved at any cost. Who’s going with me?
The Curious (in chorus). We are all going! We are all going?
Tall Tourist. Policeman, did you hear? Come, ladies and
gentlemen!
(They depart, fiercely gesticulating. The café grows more lively.
The sound of clinking beer glasses and the clatter of steins is heard,
and the beginning of a loud German song. The bartender, who has
forgotten himself while talking to somebody, starts suddenly and
runs off, looks up to the sky with a hopeless air and wipes the
perspiration from his face with his napkin. Angry calls of Waiter!
Waiter!)
 Unknown Man (rather loudly). Can you let me have some soda
water?
(The waiter is startled, looks at the sky, glances at the man on the
rock, and pretending not to have heard him, walks away.)
Many Voices. Waiter! Beer!
Waiter. One moment, one moment!
(Two drunken men come out from the café.)
Lady. Ah, there is my husband. Come here quick.
Military Woman. A downright brute.
Drunken Man (waving his hand to the unknown man). Say, is it very
bad up there? Hey?
Unknown Man (rather loudly). Yes, it’s bad. I am sick and tired of it.
Drunken Man. Can’t you get a drink?
Unknown Man. No, how can I?
Second Drunken Man. Say, what are you talking about? How can he
get a drink? The man is about to die and you tempt him and try to
get him excited. Listen, up there, we have been drinking your health
right along. It won’t hurt you, will it?
First Drunken Man. Ah, go on! What are you talking about? How
can it hurt him? Why, it will only do him good. It will encourage him.
Listen, honest to God, we are very sorry for you, but don’t mind us.
We are going to the café to have another drink. Good-bye.
Second Drunken Man. Look, what a crowd.
First Drunken Man. Come, or he’ll fall and then they’ll close the
café.
(Enter a new crowd of tourists, a very elegant gentleman, the
chief correspondent of European newspapers at their head. He is
followed by an ecstatic whisper of respect and admiration. Many
leave the café to look at him, and even the waiter turns slightly
around, glances at him quickly, smiles happily and continues on his
way, spilling something from his tray.)
Voices. The correspondent! The correspondent! Look!
Lady. Oh, my, and my husband is gone again!
Tourist. Jimmie, Mary, Aleck, Katie, Charlie, look! This is the chief
correspondent. Do you realize it? The very highest of all. Whatever
he writes goes.
Kate. Mary, dear, again you are not looking.
Aleck. I wish you would order some sandwiches for us. I can’t
stand it any longer. A human being has to eat.
Tourist (ecstatically). What a tragedy! Katie dear, can you realize
it? Consider how awful. The weather is so beautiful, and the chief
correspondent. Take out your note-book, Jimmie.
James. I lost it, father.
Correspondent. Where is he?
Voices (obligingly). There, there he is. There! A little higher. Still
higher! A little lower! No, higher!
Correspondent. If you please, if you please, ladies and gentlemen, I
will find him myself. Oh, yes, there he is. Hm! What a situation!
Tourist. Won’t you have a chair?
Correspondent. Thank you. (Sits down.) Hm! What a situation! Very
interesting. Very interesting, indeed. (Whisks out his note-book;
amiably to the photographers.) Have you taken any pictures yet,
gentlemen?
First Photographer. Yes, sir, certainly, certainly. We have
photographed the place showing the general character of the locality
—
Second Photographer. The tragic situation of the young man—
Correspondent. Ye-es, very, very interesting.
 Tourist. Did you hear, Aleck? This smart man, the chief
correspondent, says it’s interesting, and you keep bothering about
sandwiches. Dunce!
Aleck. May be he has had his dinner already.
Correspondent. Ladies and gentlemen, I beg you to be quiet.
Obliging Voices. It is quieter in the café.
Correspondent (shouts to the unknown man). Permit me to
introduce myself. I am the chief correspondent of the European
press. I have been sent here at the special request of the editors. I
should like to ask you several questions concerning your situation.
What is your name? What is your general position? How old are you?
(The unknown man mumbles something.)
Correspondent (a little puzzled). I can’t hear a thing. Has he been
that way all the time?
Voices. Yes, it’s impossible to hear a word he says.
Correspondent (jotting down something in his note-book). Fine! Are
you a bachelor? (The unknown man mumbles.)
Correspondent. I can’t hear you. Are you married? Yes?
Tourist. He said he was a bachelor.
Second Tourist. No, he didn’t. Of course, he’s married.
Correspondent (carelessly). You think so? All right. We’ll put down,
married. How many children have you? Can’t hear! It seems to me
he said three. Hm! Anyway, we’ll put down five.
Tourist. Oh, my, what a tragedy. Five children! Imagine!
Military Woman. He is lying.
Correspondent (shouting). How did you get into this position?
What? I can’t hear? Louder! Repeat. What did you say? (Perplexed,
to the crowd.) What did he say? The fellow has a devilishly weak
voice.
 First Tourist. It seems to me he said that he lost his way.
Second Tourist. No, he doesn’t know himself how he got there.
Voices. He was out hunting.—He was climbing up the rocks.—No,
no! He is simply a lunatic!
Correspondent. I beg your pardon, I beg your pardon, ladies and
gentlemen! Anyway, he didn’t drop from the sky. However— (He
quickly jots down in his note-book.) Unhappy young man—suffering
from childhood with attacks of lunacy.—The bright light of the full
moon—the wild rocks.—Sleepy janitor—didn’t notice—
First Tourist (to the second, in a whisper). But it’s new moon now.
Second Tourist. Go, what does a layman know about astronomy.
Tourist (ecstatically). Mary, pay attention to this! You have before
you an ocular demonstration of the influence of the moon on living
organisms. What a terrible tragedy to go out walking on a moonlit
night and find suddenly that you have climbed to a place whence it
is impossible to climb down or be taken down.
Correspondent (shouting). What feelings are you experiencing? I
can’t hear. Louder! Ah, so? Well, well! What a situation!
Crowd (interested). Listen, listen! Let’s hear what his feelings are.
How terrible!
Correspondent (writes in his note-book, tossing out detached
remarks). Mortal terror numbs his limbs.—A cold shiver goes down
his spinal column.—No hope.—Before his mental vision rises a
picture of family bliss: Wife making sandwiches; his five children
innocently lisping their love.—Grandma in the arm-chair with a tube
to her ear, that is, grandpa in the arm-chair, with a tube to his ear
and grandma.—Deeply moved by the sympathy of the public.—His
last wish before his death that the words he uttered with his last
breath should be published in our newspapers—
Military Woman (indignantly). My! He lies like a salesman.
Mary (wearily). Papa, children, look, he is starting to fall again.
 Tourist (angrily). Don’t bother me. Such a tragedy is unfolding
itself right before your very eyes—and you— What are you making
such big eyes for again?
Correspondent (shouting). Hold on fast. That’s it! My last question:
What message do you wish to leave for your fellow citizens before
you depart for the better world?
Unknown Man. That they may all go to the devil.
Correspondent. What? Hm, yes— (He writes quickly.) Ardent love—
is a stanch opponent of the law granting equal rights to negroes. His
last words: “Let the black niggers—”
Pastor (out of breath, pushing through the crowd). Where is he?
Ah, there! Poor young man. Has there been no clergyman here yet?
No? Thank you. Am I the first?
Correspondent (writes). A touching dramatic moment.—A minister
has arrived.—All are trembling on the verge of suspense. Many are
shedding tears—
Pastor. Excuse me, excuse me! Ladies and gentlemen, a lost soul
wishes to make its peace with God— (He shouts.) My son, don’t you
wish to make your peace with God? Confess your sins to me. I will
grant you remission at once! What? I cannot hear?
Correspondent (writes). The air is shaken with the people’s groans.
The minister of the church exhorts the criminal, that is, the
unfortunate man, in touching language.—The unfortunate creature
with tears in his eyes thanks him in a faint voice—
Unknown Man (faintly). If you won’t go away I will jump on your
head. I weigh three hundred pounds. (All jump away frightened
behind each other.)
Voices. He is falling! He is falling!
Tourist (agitatingly). Mary, Aleck, Jimmie.
Policeman (energetically). Clear the place, please! Move on!
Lady. Nellie, go quick and tell your father he is falling.
 Photographer (in despair). Oh my, I am out of films (tosses madly
about, looking pitifully at the unknown man). One minute, I’ll go and
get them. I have some in my overcoat pocket over there. (He walks
a short distance, keeping his eyes fixed on the unknown man, and
then returns.) I can’t, I am afraid I’ll miss it. Good heavens! They
are over there in my overcoat. Just one minute, please. I’ll fetch
them right away. What a fix.
Pastor. Hurry, my friend. Pull yourself together and try to hold out
long enough to tell me at least your principal sins. You needn’t
mention the lesser ones.
Tourist. What a tragedy?
Correspondent (writes). The criminal, that is, the unhappy man,
makes a public confession and does penance. Terrible secrets
revealed. He is a bank robber—blew up safes.
Tourist (credulously). The scoundrel.
Pastor (shouts). In the first place, have you killed? Secondly, have
you stolen? Thirdly, have you committed adultery?
Tourist. Mary, Jimmie, Katie, Aleck, Charlie, close your ears.
Correspondent (writing). Tremendous excitement in the crowd.—
Shouts of indignation.
Pastor (hurriedly). Fourthly, have you blasphemed? Fifthly, have
you coveted your neighbor’s ass, his ox, his slave, his wife? Sixthly—
Photographer (alarmed). Ladies and gentlemen, an ass!
Second Photographer. Where? I can’t see it!
Photographer (calmed). I thought I heard it.
Pastor. I congratulate you, my son! I congratulate you! You have
made your peace with God. Now you may rest easy—Oh, God, what
do I see? The Salvation Army! Policeman, chase them away!
(Enter a Salvation Army band, men and women in uniforms. There
are only three instruments, a drum, a violin and a piercingly shrill
trumpet.)
Salvation Army Man (frantically beating his drum and shouting in a
nasal voice). Brethren and sisters—
Pastor (shouting even louder in a still more nasal voice in an effort
to drown the other’s). He has already confessed. Bear witness, ladies
and gentlemen, that he has confessed and made his peace with
heaven.
Salvation Army Woman (climbing on a rock and shrieking). I once
wandered in the dark just as this sinner and I lived a bad life and
was a drunkard, but when the light of truth—
A Voice. Why, she is drunk now.
Pastor. Policeman, didn’t he confess and make his peace with
heaven?
(The Salvation Army man continues to beat his drum frantically;
the rest begin to drawl a song. Shouts, laughter, whistling. Singing in
the café, and calls of “Waiter!” in all languages. The bewildered
policemen tear themselves away from the pastor, who is pulling
them somewhere; the photographers turn and twist about as if the
seats were burning under them. An English lady comes riding in on a
donkey, who, stopping suddenly, sprawls out his legs and refuses to
go farther, adding his noise to the rest. Gradually the noise subsides.
The Salvation Army band solemnly withdraws, and the pastor,
waving his hands, follows them.)
First English Tourist (to the other). How impolite! This crowd
doesn’t know how to behave itself.
Second English Tourist. Come, let’s go away from here.
First English Tourist. One minute. (He shouts.) Listen, won’t you
hurry up and fall?
Second English Tourist. What are you saying, Sir William?
First English Tourist (shouting). Don’t you see that’s what they are
waiting for? As a gentleman you should grant them this pleasure and
so escape the humiliation of undergoing tortures before this mob.
Second English Tourist. Sir William.
Tourist (ecstatically). See? It’s true. Aleck, Jimmie, it’s true. What
a tragedy!
Several Tourists (going for the Englishman). How dare you?
First English Tourist (shoving them aside). Hurry up and fall! Do
you hear? If you haven’t the backbone I’ll help you out with a pistol
shot.
Voices. That red-haired devil has gone clear out of his mind.
Policeman (seizing the Englishman’s hand). You have no right to do
it, it’s against the law. I’ll arrest you.
Some Tourists. A barbarous nation!
(The unknown man shouts something. Excitement below.)
Voices. Hear, hear, hear!
Unknown Man (aloud). Take that jackass away to the devil. He
wants to shoot me. And tell the boss that I can’t stand it any longer.
Voices. What’s that? What boss? He is losing his mind, the poor
man.
Tourist. Aleck! Mary! This is a mad scene. Jimmie, you remember
Hamlet? Quick.
Unknown Man (angrily). Tell him my spinal column is broken.
Mary (wearily). Papa, children, he’s beginning to kick with his legs.
Kate. Is that what is called convulsions, papa?
Tourist (rapturously). I don’t know. I think it is. What a tragedy?
Aleck (glumly). You fool! You keep cramming and cramming and
you don’t know that the right name for that is agony. And you wear
eye-glasses, too. I can’t bear it any longer, papa.
 Tourist. Think of it, children. A man is about to fall down to his
death and he is bothering about his spinal column.
(There is a noise. A man in a white vest, very much frightened,
enters, almost dragged by angry tourists. He smiles, bows on all
sides, stretches out his arms, now running forward as he is pushed,
now trying to escape in the crowd, but is seized and pulled again.)
Voices. A bare-faced deception! It is an outrage. Policeman,
policeman, he must be taught a lesson!
Other Voices. What is it? What deception? What is it all about?
They have caught a thief!
The Man in the White Vest (bowing and smiling). It’s a joke, ladies
and gentlemen, a joke, that’s all. The people were bored, so I
wanted to provide a little amusement for them.
Unknown Man (angrily). Boss!
The Man in the White Vest. Wait a while, wait a while.
Unknown Man. Do you expect me to stay here until the Second
Advent? The agreement was till twelve o’clock. What time is it now?
Tall Tourist (indignantly). Do you hear, ladies and gentlemen? This
scoundrel, this man here in the white vest hired that other scoundrel
up there and just simply tied him to the rock.
Voices. Is he tied?
Tall Tourist. Yes, he is tied and he can’t fall. We are excited and
worrying, but he couldn’t fall even if he tried.
Unknown Man. What else do you want? Do you think I am going to
break my neck for your measly ten dollars? Boss, I can’t stand it any
more. One man wanted to shoot me. The pastor preached me for
two hours. This is not in the agreement.
Aleck. Father, I told you that Baedecker lies. You believe
everything anybody tells you and drag us about without eating.
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