MODULE 3: PASSIVE VOICE

I. LÝ THUYẾT
Câu chủ động Câu bị động
- Nhấn vào chủ thể của hành động - Nhấn vào đối tượng của hành động
_____________________________________ _______________________________________

- Điều kiện để chuyển câu chủ động sang bị động: Động từ trong câu chủ động phải là ngoại động từ
(transitive verbs)
 Ngoại động từ (transitive verbs): hành động tác động lên người/ vật khác. Luôn theo sau bởi tân ngữ.
E.g. __________________________________________________________________
 Nội động từ: (intransitive verbs): hành động dừng lại với người nói. Không có tân ngữ.
E.g. __________________________________________________________________
Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Chủ động: S + V(chủ động) + O

Bị động: S + V(bị động)+ by + S

O (đứng ở cuối câu bị động hoặc đứng trước trạng từ thời gian)
Bắt buộc bỏ “by people/ by someone/ by somebody/ by no one/ by nobody”
Note:
Có thể bỏ “by me/ by you/ by them/ by us/ by him/ by her”
Bảng chia chủ động - bị động

Thì động từ Chủ động Bị động

1. Thì hiện tại đơn S+ V(bare)/ V(S/es) S + am/is/are + Vp2

2. Thì quá khứ đơn S + Ved/ V(cot 2) S + was/were + Vp2

3. Thì tương lai đơn S + will + V(bare) S + will + be + Vp2

4. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + Ving S + am/is/are + being + Vp2

5. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + Ving S + was/were + being + Vp2

6. Thì hiện tại hoàn S + have/has + Vp2 S + have/has + been + Vp2

thành

7. Thì quá khứ hoàn S + had + Vp2 S + had + been + Vp2

thành

8. Thì tương lai hoàn S + will + have + Vp2 S + will + have + been + Vp2
thành

9. Thì tương lai gần S + am/is/are + going to + S + am/is/are + going to + be

V(bare) + Vp2

9. Động từ khuyết thiếu S + modal verbs + V(bare) S + modal verbs + be + Vp2

LƯU Ý: BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÂU HỎI
Để chuyển từ câu chủ động sarag câu bị động của câu hỏi, ta làm theo các bước sau:
- Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.
E.g.
Did you buy the shirt two days ago? _______________________________________________________
- Bước 2: Chuyển câu khẳng định trên sang câu bị động.
You bought the shirt two days ago. ________________________________________________________
- Bước 3: Chuyển câu bị động trên về dạng nghi vấn bằng cách chuyển từ ngay sau chủ ngữ lên trước chủ ngữ.
The shirt was bought two days ago. ________________________________________________________

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động
1. She opens the book.
The book has been opened buy her
2. She buys a lot of alcohol.
She has bought a lot of alcohol
3. They set the table.
They have set up the table
4. The girls are singing a folk song.
The girls have been singing a folk song
5. Mr. Thompson and his son are playing table tennis at the moment.
Mr Thompson and his son has been playing table tennis at the moment
6. My sister is baking a cake.
A cake is being baked by my sister
7. My mother has bought this bouquet of flower in that shop.
This bouquet of flower has been bought by my mother from that shop
8. Jane has found her wallet.
Jane’s wallet has been found by her
9. Our team has finished the report.
The report has been finished by our team
10. I have finished my exercise for two days.
My exercise has been finished for 2 days.
11. People reconstructed the temple in 1903.
The temple was reconstructed in 1903
12. Thousands of people visited Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum yesterday.
The Ho Chi Minh Maosoleum has been visitied by thousands of people yesterday.
13. She didn't invite me to her birthday party.
I wasn’t invited to her birthday party
14. Hanh will buy a luxury car.
A luxury car will be bought by Hanh
15. His girlfriend won’t accept the truth.
The truth won’t be accepted by his girlfriend
Exercise 2:
1. We don't use this kind of cloth to make shirts.
This kind of cloth aren’t used to make shirts
2. My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me.
A new sweater is being knitted by my mother for me
3. You mustn't use this machine after 5.30 o'clock.
This machine musnt be used after 5.30 o clock
4. Somebody has taken my briefcase.
My briefcase was taken by somebody
5. Tom was writing two poems.
....................................................................................................................................................................
6. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
....................................................................................................................................................................
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.
....................................................................................................................................................................
8. The teacher returned our written work to us.
....................................................................................................................................................................
9. The children are going to organize a surprise party.
....................................................................................................................................................................
10. She often takes her dog for a walk every morning.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ________ by J K Rowling.
A. written B. was written C. wrote D. were written
2. Only half of the exercises ________ so far, but the rest ________ by Saturday.
A. are being done / will be finished
B. were done / are going to be finished
C. have been done / will have been finished
D. have done / will be finished
3. The house _________ yesterday.
A. paints B. was painted C. was painting D. has painted
4. The prize _________ to Xuan yesterday.
A. awards B. has awarded C. was awarded D. was awarding
5. The medicine ________ at a high place where the children can't reach.
A. must be kept B. must keep C. must be keeping D. must not keep
6. Nothing ________ because it was very foggy and raining heavily.
A. is seen B. could be seen C. haven't been seen D. wasn't seen
7. When Jack arrived to the workshop his car ________.
 A. still being repaired B. was still repaired
C. was repairing D. was still being repaired
8. English ________ at state schools as a compulsory lesson for 20 years until last year.
A. is being taught B. was being taught
C. had been taught D. has been taught
9. The flood victims ________ with food and clean water by the volunteers.
A. provided B. were provided C. were providing D. provide
th
10. On September 9 , 1850, California _______ to the United States as the thirty-first state.
A. was admitted B. has been admitted
C. admitted D. is admitted
11. The colourful wearings ________ together with the white coloured wearings.
A. should not be washed B. should have been washed
C. could be washed D. should not wash
12. I don't know why this class is always so dirty because it ________ every morning
A. was cleaned B. cleans C. cleaned D. is cleaned
13. A new supermarket ________ in the city center.
A. is being built B. being built C. are being built D. be built
14. The graduation party had ________ off due to bad weather.
A. being called B. to be called C. called D. been called
15. A school ________ in this area by the government next year.
A. is going to be built B. is being built
C. is built D. is going to build
16. I am sorry, I can't come with you. I ________ to that party.
A. wasn't invited B. invited C. am invited D. don't invite
17. William Shakespeare ________ as the one of the greatest writers in English literature story.
A. knew B. has known C. was known D. is known
18. I'll have to go by bus as my car ________.
A. was being repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. will be repaired
19. Because all hotels in this city ________ in advance, we were unable to find a hotel.
A. have been booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. booked
20. Most of the e-mail accounts at our company ________ by a virus last week.
A. have been affected B. were affected
C. affected D. was affected
21. The Minister proposed that the book ________.
A. should be baned B. should be ban
C. should ban D. should be banning
22. Your phone ________ off before you enter the exam room.
A. must be turned B. must be turning C. must turn D. be turned
23. Many issues ________ at the meeting by the time you arrived.
A. had been raised B. have been raised C. raised D. are raised
24. Many important but rare animal species ________ in the Amazon.
A. is found B. are finding C. are found D. finds
25. Twenty civilians ________ in the bomb explosion.
A. killed B. be killed C. were killed D. was killed