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Thevenin's theorem

Thevenin's theorem states that any two-terminal linear bilateral DC network can be simplified to an equivalent circuit with a voltage source and a series resistor. The process involves calculating the open circuit voltage and the equivalent resistance of the circuit. An example illustrates the steps to determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit, including specific calculations for voltage and resistance.

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Thevenin's theorem

Thevenin's theorem states that any two-terminal linear bilateral DC network can be simplified to an equivalent circuit with a voltage source and a series resistor. The process involves calculating the open circuit voltage and the equivalent resistance of the circuit. An example illustrates the steps to determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit, including specific calculations for voltage and resistance.

Uploaded by

muhammadjoy200
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thevenin’s theorem

Q: State and explain the Thevenin’s theorem.

Ans:

Statement: Any two terminal, linear, bilateral dc networks can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a voltage source and a series resistor. This is called Thevenin’s theorem.

Explanation:

Let us consider the following network to explain the Thevenin’s theorem or to write down the steps of
Thevenin’s theorem.

Step 1: Remove 𝑅𝐿 and mark terminals A & B.

Step 2: Calculate the open circuit voltage.

Equivalent resistance,

𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑟

Circuit current,
𝐸 𝐸
𝐼= =
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅1 +𝑅2 +𝑟

Now, open circuit voltage,

𝑉𝑜𝑐 = 𝐼𝑅2

This is called Thevenin’s voltage. So that,


𝑉𝑡ℎ = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 = 𝐼𝑅2

Step 3: Remove the battery from fig(2) leaving it’s internal resistance r.

Step 4: Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit in Fig(3).

1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅1 + 𝑟 𝑅2

1 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 + 𝑟
=
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅2 (𝑅1 + 𝑟)

𝑅2 (𝑅1 + 𝑟)
𝑅𝑒𝑞 =
𝑅2 + 𝑅1 + 𝑟

This is called Thevenin’s equivalent resistance. So that,

𝑅2 (𝑅1 + 𝑟)
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 𝑅𝑒𝑞 =
𝑅2 + 𝑅1 + 𝑟

Step 5: Finally the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit is,

Example 1: Determine the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit for the following circuit.
Solution:

Step 1: Remove 𝑅𝐿 and mark terminals A & B.

Step 2: Calculate the open circuit voltage.

Equivalent resistance,

𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 3 + 6 + 0.5

= 9.5 Ω

Circuit current,

𝐸
𝐼=
𝑅𝑒𝑞

12
=
9.5

= 1.263 A

Now, open circuit voltage,

𝑉𝑜𝑐 = 𝐼𝑅2

= 1.263 × 6

7.579 V

This is called Thevenin’s voltage. So that,

𝑉𝑡ℎ = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 = 7.579 V

Step 3: Remove the battery from fig(2) leaving it’s internal resistance r.
Step 4: Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit in Fig(3).

1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑒𝑞 3 + 0.5 6

1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑒𝑞 3.5 6

1 6 + 3.5
=
𝑅𝑒𝑞 3.5 × 6

1
= 0.452
𝑅𝑒𝑞

𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 2.212 Ω

This is called Thevenin’s equivalent resistance. So that,

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 2.212 Ω

Step 5: Finally the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit is,

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