Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Department of Civil Engineering

CVL 244: Construction Practices
Course Content
• Introduction and role of technologies
• Construction technologies in RC Buildings for Reinforcement, Formwork, and
concreting activities
• Excavation and Concreting equipment
• Formwork material and Design Concepts
• Formwork system for Foundations, walls, columns, slab and beams and their design,
Flying Formwork such as Table form, tunnel form. Slipform, temporary structures
failure
• Determining construction loads and ensuring safety of slabs during construction of high
rise buildings- shoring, reshoring, preshroing and backshoring technology
• Top down construction technology for high rise and underground construction,
• Bridge construction including segmental construction, incremental construction and
push launching techniques
• Prefab construction.
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

WARNING!

The information contained in the following slides have been borrowed from various
copyright sources. Though care has been taken to credit the sources of information,
the author asks for forgiveness in case proper referencing of the material is not
present.

This material should ONLY be used for educational purposes especially to align with
the objectives the CVL244 course and not for any other purpose.

This material should not be shared with anyone else except those registered for the
course CVL244 (Sem II 23-24) without the permission of the instructor. Failure to do so
will imply a disciplinary action against the violators.
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Construction Practices
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Types of Projects: Use

Buildings Highways Railways Industry

Power Plants Dams Pipelines Treatment

Plants
Credit : Google Images
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Types of Projects: Material

Wooden Steel Earth Masonry

RCC Concrete Bitumen Glass

Credit : Google Images
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Types of Projects: Construction Techniques

Manual Labour Semi Mechanised Mechanised

Pre-fabricated Segmental Top to Down

Credit : Google Images
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Some economic figures of construction sector of India

• The construction Industry in India is expected to reach $1.4 Tn by 2025.
• The construction industry market in India works across 250 sub-sectors with
linkages across sectors.
• An estimated 600 Mn people are likely to be living in urban centers by 2030,
creating a demand for 25 Mn additional mid-end and affordable units.
• Under NIP, India has an investment budget of $1.4 Tn on infrastructure - 24% on
renewable energy, 18% on roads & highways, 17% on urban infrastructure, and
12% on railways.
• 100 smart cities are expected to improve quality of life through modernized/
technology driven urban planning.

Data as per INVEST INDIA 2023

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Some economic figures of construction sector of India

• Over 3,500 cities have certified as ODF+ and 1,191 cities as ODF++ under SBM-U.
• 35 Multimodal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) to be developed at a total capital cost of
$ 6.1 Bn, will cater to 50% of the freight movement.
• Since 2014, over INR 18 Lakh Cr has been invested in urban transformation.
• Union Budget 2023 Highlights:
• INR 10 Lakh Crore: 33% Increase in capital Investment Outlay
• The outlay for PM Awas Yojana is being enhanced by 66 % to over 79,000 cr
• Urban Infrastructure Development Fund: INR 10,000 Cr Outlay per year to create
urban infrastructure in tier 2 & 3 cities

Data as per INVEST INDIA 2023

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Golden Triangle of Construction

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Role of Engineers
• Generate several ways of doing a particular work
• Select most efficient way of doing particular work in a given
situation
• Owning the cost of a design and construction methodology

Example: Concrete Production

• Manual Concreting
• Concrete production with a help of mixer
• Batching Plant at Site
• RMC
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices
Impact of Technology in Construction Sector
Increased accuracy and precision

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

Increased speed at which construction projects can be completed

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices
Impact of Technology in Construction Sector
The ability to build more complex and intricate structures

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

Increased safety for construction workers

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

The ability to work in difficult-to-reach places

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

The ability to recycle and reuse construction materials

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

The ability to monitor construction projects remotely

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

The ability to create virtual models of construction projects

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

The ability to work with other professionals to create a cohesive construction
team

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Impact of Technology in Construction Sector

Helps to manage labour shortages

Credit : Google Images

 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Stages in a construction project

1. Conception
2. Planning
3. Procurement
4. Construction
5. Handover
6. Closure
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Conception

• Idea for the project is conceived by the client

• Site Selection
• Approx. Budget
• Functional Specifications
• Feasibility is determined
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Planning
(Client)
• Layout
• Detailed Drawings
• Approvals from the government agencies
• DPR
• BOQ
• 3D Models/ BIM
• Clash Detection
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Procurement Planning
• Tendering (Contractor)
• Time
• Bidding
• Cost
• Equipment Mobilisation
• Equipment
• Material Procurement
• Material
• Man power mobilisation
• Quality
• Offices
• Safety
• Workspaces
• Workforce
• Utilities
• DPR
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Construction

• Site Setup
• Layout
• Land and foundation
• Sub-Structure
• Super Structure
• Services: Electrical, Mechanical, Plumbing, Instrumentation
• Finishes
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Handover
• Final Inspection
• Commissioning
• Client training

Closure
• Project Review
• Feedback
• Bill Settlements
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Approvals to be taken before construction

• Municipality: Bye Laws

• Forest
• Environment/ Pollution
• Mining
• Labour
• Legal
• Airports
• CLU – Change of Land Use
• Electrical Scheme
• Fire Fighting
• Monuments
• Road Access
 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Department of Civil Engineering
CVL 244: Construction Practices

Essential Elements of DPR

• Stakeholder Information
• Need for Project
• Scope of Project
• Financial Aspects
• Engineering Aspects- Design and Methodology
• Clearances
• Time Schedule
• Material Requirement